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Anadu, P. A. 1987. Progress in the conservation
of Nigeria's wildlife. Biological Conservation 41,: 237-251. |
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Wildlife conservation in Nigeria
from 1914 to the present day is reviewed. The most significant developments in
the last decade include the creation of the Kainji Lake National Park at New
Bussa, Nigeria signing the ACCN in 1968 and CITES in 1974, and the signing of
an agreement with the Republics of Chad, Niger and Cameroon for the joint
control of the fauna and flora of the Lake Chad basin in 1977. Cheetahs are
listed as an endangered species where hunting and trade is prohibited. |
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Anadu_1987_Wildlife_of_Nigeria.pdf
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Anonymous
Status of larger wildlife species - cheetah,
leopard and lion. Report 7 pp.
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The conservation status of cheetah, leopard and lion
in Mozambique is described. A distribution map illustrates the regression of
the cheetah populations from the 1930s to the 1980s. The situation is due to
tremendous poaching in recent years and to the destruction of prime habitat, particularly
by wild fires. The occupation of large areas of cheetah's habitat by cattle
farmers who kill them as a threat to domestic stock, is also a problem. A few
cheetah skins still appear in the illegal trade.
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Anonymous
- Status of cheetah leopard and lion in Mozambique.pdf
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Anonymous
The
Endangered Wildlife Trust reports - cheetah dilemma. African
Wildlife 32, 22.
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Cheetahs are endangered
because they are being killed because farmers allege
they kill livestock, trade in skins is not yet at end
and their natural habitats are being fenced in. New
laws are needed to cover trade and the destruction of
endangered carnivores. Existing laws leave loopholes
which leave the animal unprotected.
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Anonymous_-_The_Endangered_Wildlife_Trust_Reports_Cheetah_Dilemma.pdf
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Anonymous. 1992.
Transfer
of Acinonyx jubatus (populations of Botswana, Malawi,
Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe) from Appendix I to Appendix
II Namibia and Zimbabwe. Ref. Doc. 8.46, No. 9.
5 pp.
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Cheetah was once widely
distributed across Africa and Asia. Five subspecies
are currently considered valid by most taxonomists.
Cheetahs lack of genetic variation has consequences
in reproduction, fecundity and survivorship. Also vulnerability
to infectious diseases increased with inbreeding. The
major threat facing this species is loss of habitat
combined with persecution on farmland. Namibia has the
world's largest concentration of cheetahs followed by
Botswana and Zimbabwe. Namibia has been the primary
exporter to the international market. It is the indiscriminate
killing and live capture of hundreds of cheetah per
year, which poses the greatest continuing threat to
the species.
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Anonymous_1992_Transfer_of_Acinonyx_jubatus.pdf
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Atkinson, M. W., Wood, P. 1995. Re-introduction of cheetah in
Matusadona, Zimbabwe. Cat News 23, 15.
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As cheetahs have CITES Appendix II
status in Zimbabwe, 50 animals per year are allocated for sport
hunting. However, several ranchers still have surplus animals, many
of which are beginning to kill livestock, and they have expressed
a desire to see these animals relocated within the Parks and Wildlife
Estate. In 1992, the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management
proposed the relocation of a breeding population of cheetahs from
these farming areas to a suitable area in the Zambezi Valley in
the north of Zimbabwe.
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Atkinson_&_Wood_1995_Reintroduction_of_Cheetah_in_Matusadona.pdf
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Bartmann W. 1981. Das Geparden Problem in Namibia -
The cheetah problem in Namibia.
Zoologischer Garten 51, 52-64
(in
German).
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Namibia/S.W.Africa contains,
by comparison with other countries of Africa south to the Sahara, still
exceptional numbers of cheetah. The population is evidently increasing in the
ranching areas as a result of various factors improving the life conditions of
the cat.The cheetah is protected by law in Namibia, but individuals may be
killed or trapped by the farmers, if the loss of livestock can be attributed to
them. During the past 15 years a new trend toward live-capture had come into
force, proved to be financial profit for the farmer over this livestock loss.
Live-caught cheetahs could be sold to the two animal exporters in Namibia for a
price much higher than the equivalent for the skins. Many farmers consider this
by no doubt as the only reason to bring the cheetah's existence not to an end
on the ranchlands. The Department of Nature Conservation in Namibia allows an
export quota of 130 live spotted cats annually, filled almost entirely with
farm-caught cheetahs. Since the Washington Convention on Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora has come into full effect, many cheetahs are
killed again wherever they were to be found on ranchland, in default of a
market outlet. A better cheetah protection must involve the farmers legitimate
interest as well as stimulate and supervise their cooperation in conservation
and management of this cat on ranchland areas. |
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Bartmann_1981_The_Cheetah_Problem_in_Namibia.pdf;
engl. translation: Bartmann_-_The_Cheetah_Problem_in_Namibia.pdf
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CCF 1999. CCF Policy on Downlisting the
Cheetah. Cheetah Conservation Fund Newsletter, December 1999, 3.
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Cheetah Conservation Fund
(CCF) position on the possibility of downlisting the cheetah from endangered to
threatened on the United States Endangered Species Act, in order to provide the
import of a limited number of live animals or trophy into the US. CCF is in
favour of the CITES quota for live export of cheetahs, but does not support the
downlisting of this species until more is known on its status and numbers in
Namibia. |
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CCF_1999_Downlisting_the_cheetah.pdf
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CCF. 1999. What is meant by
downlisting. Cheetah Conservation Fund Newsletter, Editorial.
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The article explains the aim
of the cheetah downlisting from endangered to threatened species and places it
in the context of Cheetah Conservation Fund's policy. The downlisting is
conceived to allow the import of live cheetahs or trophies into the US, but an
alternative to the changing of the conservation status of the species is the
CITES quota system, that allows the exportation of a fixed number of animals
for scientific purposes. While CCF supports the quota system, it does not agree
with the downlisting. |
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CCF_1999_What_is_meant_by_downlisting.pdf
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CITES. 1992. Transfer of
Acinonyx jubatus (populations of Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
from Appendix I to Appendix II - Namibia and Zimbabwe. Document 8.46
No.9. |
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Report on the cheetah
status, trade and protection in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia. |
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CITES_1992_Transfer_of_cheetah_from_App_I_to_App_II.pdf
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CITES.1992. Quotas
for trade in specimens of cheetah. Eighth Meeting of the Conference of the
Parties, Kyoto (Japan), 2 to 13 March 1992 |
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In this conference report,
the utilization and conservation status of the cheetah in Namibia, Zimbabwe and
Botswana are discussed, and draft resolutions for quotas for trade in specimens
of cheetah are advanced. A detailed list of animals shot, live traded and trophy
hunted is given for Namibia. |
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CITES_1992_Quotas_for_trade_in_specimens_of_cheetah.pdf
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Conservator Hluhluwe. 1992.
The Status of the Cheetah. Report, 26 pp. |
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The status of the cheetah,
Acinonyx jubatus, varies widely in the 44 countries listed in this report,
being extinct in a few countries, nearly so in some, and endangered in most.
Only in two or three countries are the cheetah populations such that they are
considered only threatened, where they are legally eliminated if found to be in
conflict with human interests. All populations are regulated by CITES as
Appendix 1, which bans international commerce and sporting trophies. However, a
few countries in the world have lifted the ban and have allowed import of sport
trophies. Namibia has been exporting a limited number of wild caught animals
for zoological and private exhibition. At the January 1992 CITES meet, quotas
were set for export of 150 animals from Namibia. 50 animals from Zimbabwe and 5
animals from Botswana. |
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Conservator_Hluhluwe_1991-1992_Current_status_of_the_cheetah.pdf
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Lowry,A.
Skinner JD, editor. 1976.
Aspects of the cheetah situation in Southern Africa. International Symposium of
Endangered Wildlife in Southern Africa; Endangered Wildlife Trust,
Johannesburg; 35 p.
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How have the cheetahs'
fortunes fluctuated in the past, where do they stand at present, and what of
the future?
There were many uncertainties about the cheetah in the past and it has long
been frustrating to reproduce in captivity. Sport hunting and trade in the
skins also reduced cheetahs in the past.
In South Africa and Rhodesia the trend is toward cheetah being limited to
protected areas only. South West Africa and Botswana are relatively sparsely
populated. It should be remembered that political expediency has done the
cheetah disservice in the past. The situation regarding cheetah living on
farmland will not ease in the future. Intensifying farming methods will be
incompatible with the cheetahs' presence. Also exploding human population poses
a threat to all wildlife. It will be for future generations to assess what
stage the battle for the cheetah was finally lost.
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Lowry_1976_Aspects_of_The_Cheetah_Situation_In_Southern_Africa.pdf
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Kraus D, Marker-Kraus L. 1992. Current status of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Washington, D.C.: NOAHS
Center, National Zoological Park; 20 pp.
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The status of the cheetah,
Acinonyx jubatus, varies widely in the 44 countries listed in this report,
being extinct in a few countries, nearly so in some, and endangered in most.
Only in two or three countries are the cheetah populations such that they are
considered only threatened, where they are legally eliminated if found to be in
conflict with human interests. All populations are regulated by CITES as
Appendix I, which bans international commerce and sporting trophies. Namibia
has been exporting a limited number of wild caught animals for zoological and
private exhibition. At the January 1992 CITES meeting, quotas were set for
export of 150 animals from Namibia, 50 animals from Zimbabwe, and 5 animals
from Botswana. Information on distribution and status in the different
countries where cheetahs occur are presented.
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Kraus_&_Marker-Kraus_1992_Current_status_of_the_cheetah.pdf
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Macleod F. 1999 Dec 10. Cheetahs exported to
Chinese horror park. Mail & Guardian.
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Six cheetahs from the De Wildt Cheetah Research and
Breeding Centre, one of South Africa's most reputable breeding centres of
endangered species, were exported this week to a safari park in China that has
been universally condemned by animal welfare organizations.
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Macleod_1999_Cheetahs_exported_to_Chinese_horror_park.pdf
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Marker-Kraus L, Kraus D. 1993. The history of cheetahs in Namibia. Swara
16, 8-12.
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It was estimated by Norman
Myers that in 1900 there were more than 100'000 cheetahs throughout Africa and
Asia, found in at least 44 countries. Today the species is extirpated from
about 20 countries, and the authors estimate that perhaps less than 12'000
animals remain, found mostly in small pocketed populations in 24 to 26
countries in Africa and 200 animals in Iran (resumed in a map). Namibia has the
largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetah in the world (25'000
animals), and 95 percent of the population lives outside of protected game
reserves. From 1980 to 1991, CITES reports 6782 free-ranging cheetahs have been
removed from the Namibian cheetah population. In order to assess the cheetah's
situation today, the authors looked back into the recent history to understand
the ecological changes that have occurred in Namibia.
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Marker-Kraus_&_Kraus_1993_History_of_cheetahs_in_Namibia.pdf
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