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Packer, C.; Pusey, A.E.
Male takeovers and female reproductive parameters: a simulation of oestrous synchrony in lions (_Panthera leo_)
1983  Animal Behaviour (31): 334-340

The takeover of a pride of lions by a new coalition of adult males synchronizes the reproductive states of the females because the females dependent offspring either die or are evicted at the takeover. Using data on the consequences of male takeovers on female reproductive parameters in wild lions, but without allowing for any interaction between females, we simulated the reproductive histories of 100 female lions for the first 2 years after a male takeover and then cast them into simulated prides of varying sizes. The simulations produced levels of oestrous synchrony similar to those observed in prides of wild lions.

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