IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Jones, E. | |
| Fauna of Australia Felidae | |
| 1989 Series | |
The felids are highly specialised predators that range in size from approximately 3 to more than 200 kg in body weight. Members of this family are characterised by relatively rounded skulls with short muzzles, long vibrissae, large eyes, retractable claws and distinctive coat markings. The family distribution is widespread over much of the globe and is represented by over 30 species. Felis catus, the domestic Cat, although an exotic species, is established so successfully throughout much of Australia, that it should be regarded as a significant element of the Australian fauna. The term 'feral' is usually applied to those Cats of domestic origin that do not live in a close or dependent association with humans. Unlike other feral vertebrate species in Australia, the status of Cats is variable and different groups of feral Cats may have different lifestyles. At one extreme are self-perpetuating populations situated in remote or sparsely settled areas that have no contact with humans and survive by hunting available prey. At the other extreme are populations of urban stray Cats that scavenge much of their food and may come into day-to-day contact with humans. The existence of semi-domesticated rural Cats further complicates the picture. The latter group, although free-living, do share some form of commensal relationship with humans, which diminishes their feral status. Cats also are able to change their feral status with circumstances and so cannot always be categorised precisely. Feral Cats are derived from common domestic Cats (not exotic or fancy breeds) so there is no anatomical or physiological difference between the two. Further, the ease with which domestic Cats can adapt to a feral existence indicates that domestication has not greatly changed or modified their original hunting and survival instincts. Cats are predators that usually capture their prey by a sudden pounce or short swift run from concealment. Camouflage is greatly facilitated by their body markings and behaviour. They do not use cooperative hunting and rely primarily on sight, although hearing is also important. They may be active at any time of the day or night, but tend towards a crepuscular pattern of activity and, although they have the ability to climb well, spend most of their time on the ground |
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