IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| de Campos, C.B. | |
| Dieta de carn¡voros e uso do espa‡o por mam¡feros de m‚dio e grande porte em reas de silvicultura do Estado de SÆo Paulo, Brasil | |
| 2009 Full Book | |
The diet of carnivores and the use of space by medium and large sized mammals were studied at Parque Ibiti (17.434 ha). This area involves farms of eucalyptus reforestation in the cities of Itarar‚ and Itapeva, SÆo Paulo. The data were collected in three different environments - Cerrado (Brasilian Savanna), Ombrophylous Mixed Forest (Forest), and Ombrophylous Mixed forest of secondary growth (Capeoira) - from September 2004 to February 2006. The method of scats collection and calculation of breadth and overlap niche, relative frequency of occurrence, relative biomass consumed, and relative number of consumed individuals in transects determined dietary habit of carnivores. The survey of use of space identified the species through their visual contacts, tracks and remains in pre established transects distributed in area under study. Besides this, eight silvicultural farms in the state of SÆo Paulo were selected for a quick survey on medium and large sized mammals using camera traps. Twenty species were identified at Parque Ibiti, including a household animal. The Cerrado and the Forest were the richest in animal species (n=15). Kruskal Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference in micro-environments - border, natural bush and eucalyptus - for number of species (H=1.82, df=2, p=0.402) and number of occurrences (H=0.37, df=2, p=0.833). The assessment of decrease pattern in the number of occurrences was significant only in Cerrado (p=0.046). _Mazama_ spp. was the most abundant species in all environments and its largest number was found in Capoeira (1.45 detections/10km run) and general abundance at Parque Ibiti with 4.98 detections/10km run. Seventeen species were detected (including a domestic one) in the quick survey at the eight silvicultural farms. The number of species per farm varied from three to seven. From the 621 photos, 33 were mammals in a result of 4.5% success of capture. Farm Globo I presented the greatest relative abundance (7.33 detections/10km run). Six carnivores were identified through the analysis of 143 feces: _Cerdocyon thous_, _Chrysocyon brachyurus_, _Leopardus pardalis_, _L. tigrinus_, _L. wiedii_ and _Puma yagouaroundi_. The identified elements (n=44) were distributed in six groups: vegetal matter (37%), mammals (33%), invertebrates (17%), birds (5%), reptile (5%), and non feeding matter (0.42%). Vegetal matter was more frequent for _C. brachyurus_ and for _C. thous_ (47% and 46%, respectively). Mammals were most frequent in the diets of felines _P. yagouaroundi_ (54%), _L. pardalis_ (39%), _L. wiedii_ (49%) and _L. tigrinus_ (38%). The least niche breadth was for _C. brachyurus_ (BA= 0.252). The greatest niche overlap was for _C. brachyurus_ and _C. thous_ (Ojk=0.9706). _Cavia aperea_ (58%) represented the greatest total relative biomass consumed and _Calomys tener_ (36%) the greatest total relative number of consumed individuals. The results show that in silvicultural regions with areas of preserved natural vegetation may provide shelter, food, water, and genic flux of species inhabiting that space suggesting the importance of sustainable management in those regions. |
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