IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service, | |
| Recovery plan for the ocelot (_Leopardus pardalis_) first revision | |
| 2016 Full Book | |
The ocelot (_Leopardus pardalis_) is listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA), as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) throughout its range in the western hemisphere where it is distributed from southern Texas and southern Arizona through Central and South America into northern Argentina and Uruguay (Pocock 1941, Cabrera 1961, Hall 1981). The ocelot is also listed as endangered under law in Mexico (i.e., NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010) (Secretar¡a de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales 2010). The ocelot is listed as endangered by the States of Arizona and Texas (Arizona Game and Fish Department 2010, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 2014). In the 1982 final rule (47 FR 31670), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) made a determination that the designation of critical habitat was not prudent because such a designation would not be in the best interests of conservation of the species. As of August 2015, there were 53 total known individuals in the two separate populations in south Texas (Hilary Swarts unpubl. data 2015, Mike Tewes pers. comm. 2015). A third and much larger population of the Texas-Tamaulipas ocelot (L. p. albescens) occurs in Tamaulipas, Mexico (Caso 1994, Carvajal-Villarreal et al. 2012, Stasey 2012, Conservaci¢n y Desarrollo de Espacios Naturales 2014), but it is thought to be isolated from ocelots in Texas (Walker 1997, JaneŠka et al. 2014). In Arizona, five individual ocelots (four live and one dead) have been detected between 2009 and 2015 (Avila-Villegas and Lamberton-Moreno 2013, Culver et al. 2016). Prior to these five recently-known individuals the last documentable ocelot in Arizona was a male that had been killed by a vehicle near the town of Oracle in 1967 (L¢pez Gonz lez et al. 2003). In addition to the recent Arizona sightings, ocelots have been documented in Sonora, Mexico (L¢pez Gonz lez et al. 2003, G¢mez-Ram¡rez 2015), including a female with a kitten about 48 km south of the U.S.-Mexico border in 2011 (Avila-Villegas and Lamberton-Moreno 2013). While this plan considers the ocelot throughout its range, its major focus is on two cross-border management units, the Texas-Tamaulipas Management Unit (TTMU) and the Arizona-Sonora Management Unit (ASMU). Management units are a useful population management tool for species occurring across wide ranges, with multiple populations, varying ecological pressures, or different threats in different parts of their range. By using this management unit approach, we were able to set recovery goals for each unit and will be better able to measure their contribution toward ocelot recovery. |
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