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Sathyakumar, S.; Bashir, T.; Bhattacharya, T.; Poudyal, K.
Mammals of the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, India
2011  Book Chapter

We assessed distribution and abundance of mammals in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (BR), Sikkim, India, from April 2008 to May 2010, using field methods and remote cameras under varying rain and snow conditions, and interviews with local people. We report the occurrence of 42 mammals including 18 that have global conservation significance. Three leopards (Panthera uncia, P. pardus, Neofelis nebulosa), Tibetan wolf (Canis lupus chanko), wild dog (Cuon alpinus), red panda (Ailurus fulgens), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and two species of musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster, M. fuscus) were recorded. Species number decreased with increasing elevation, 22 were recorded in temperate habitats, 18 in subalpine, and 11 in alpine habitats of Khangchendzonga BR. The yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and black bear were found to have the most diverse distribution extending from temperate to alpine. Red fox (Vulpus vulpus) was the most abundant carnivore (8.98 ñ 2.31 photo capture/100 days) while goral (Naemorhedus goral) was the most abundant prey (9.14 ñ 5.27). Camera trap detected most of the mammals in the area (35/39). Considering the benefits of camera traps and limitations of the study area, we recommend use of camera traps involving wildlife staff, along with sign surveys and interviews with local villagers for monitoring mammals in Khangchendzonga BR for effective management and conservation.

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