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Vitaliano, S.N.; Soares, H.S.; Minervino, A.H.H.; Santos, A.L.Q.; Erther, K.; Marvulo, M.F.V.; Siqueira, D.B.; Pena, H.F.J.; Soares, R.M.; Su, C.; Gennari, S.M.
Genetic characterization of _Toxoplasma gondii_ from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes
2014  International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (3): 276-283

This study aimed to isolate and genotype_ T. gondii_ from Brazilian wildlife. For this purpose, 226 samples were submitted to mice bioassay and screened by PCR based on 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 15 T. gondii isolates were obtained, including samples from four armadillos (three Dasypus novemcinctus, one Euphractus sexcinctus), three collared anteaters (_Tamandua tetradactyla_), three whited-lipped peccaries (_Tayassu pecari_), one spotted paca (_Cuniculus paca_), one oncilla (_Leopardus tigrinus_), one hoary fox (_Pseudalopex vetulus_), one lineated woodpecker (_Dryocopus lineatus_) and one maned wolf (_Chrysocyon brachyurus_). DNA from the isolates, originated from mice bioassay, and from the tissues of the wild animal, designated as "primary samples", were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP), using 12 genetic markers (SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L258, PK1, CS3 and Apico). A total of 17 genotypes were identified, with 13 identified for the first time and four already reported in published literature. Results herein obtained corroborate previous studies in Brazil, confirming high diversity and revealing unique genotypes in this region. Given most of genotypes here identified are different from previous studies in domestic animals, future studies on T. gondii from wildlife is of interest to understand population genetics and structure of this parasite.

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