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Anonymous. 1987.
Zoo diet to blame
for cheetahs' sterility. New Scientist 116 [1580, 1 October 1987], 31. 1987. |
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A connection between cheetah's
diet, mortality and fertility was found by some researchers. Mortality was bigger in animals fed with
soyabean complements, that appeared to damage the liver and the uterus. |
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Anonymous
1987 Zoo diet to blame for cheetahs sterility.pdf
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Augustus P, Casavant K. 2005. A summary of the cheetah program at the San Diego Zoo's Wild Animal
Park.
Animal Keeper's Forum 7/8, 370.
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Cheetahs
are distributed throughout Zimbabwe both in protected areas and on commercial
farmland. Farmers made pressure to relocate some of the animals on their
ground. In 1992, the government decided to relocate animals to Matusadona
National Park on the southern shoreline of Lake Kariba. Four cheetahs were
brouth to a boma, where they spent 6-8 weeks to become acclimatised to the new
area and to allow a period of veterinary surveillance.
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Atkinson_&_Wood_1995_Reintroduction_of_Cheetah_in_Matusadona.pdf
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Bianco F, Bracchi PG. 2001. Captive bred cheetah behaviour. Annali della Facoltà di
Medicina Veterinaria 21, 47-60.
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Cheetahs are known as the most
difficult cat to breed in captivity. There are three theories as to the source
of the cheetah breeding problem: 1) cheetah population had gone through a
bottleneck period; 2) most of the male sperm are non functional; 3) low behaviour
quality in captivity, it seems that males need to be primed for the mating. The
aim of this project is to investigate the behaviour of mother and cubs and male
in captivity to evaluate the quality of the husbandry (enclosure, different
kind of play distance of the cubs from the mother, vocalisms, pattern of
behaviour, similarity to in-situ behaviour). On 1999 eight cubs were born at
Marwell zoo (England) after the husbandry of this species was re-established a
year earlier. The specimens studied were a female born 1992 and her eight cubs
and the male born 1990 . The female enclosure was divided in eight zones
considering the microhabitats available then the behavioural categories to
observe were picked up. The male 56 enclosure was split up exclusively on
geometrical basis. We used one stop intervals of three minutes for the female
and zero one for intervals of three minutes for the cubs, with ad libitum
observations from 8 a.m. till 7.30 p.m. reaching a total of 84 h. The male was
observed for 35 hours with focal sampling two times a day. The new management
adopted by Marwell zoo is an adaptation of the six step husbandry developed in
America that is most of the times impossible to realize in European zoos. This
new technique lead to the birth of a record offspring and increased the
behaviour of these animals using the same enclosure with minimal economical
impact. |
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Bianco_&_Bracchi_2001_Captive_bred_cheetah_behaviour.pdf
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Dierenfeld ES. 1993. Nutrition
of captive cheetahs: food composition and blood parameters. Zoo Biology
12, 143-152.
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Diet and nutrition of cheetahs
was evaluated through survey, in conjunction with chemical analysis of feed and
plasma samples, as pan of a multidisciplinary effort to investigate underlying
causes of low reproductive success in North American captive cheetah
populations. Cheetahs consumed an average of 1.32 0.4 kg of food daily, containing approximately 1.800 kcal, and
maintained an average body mass of 36.7
1.0 kg (n = 34). A commercially prepared horsemeat-based mixture
comprised [he dietary staple in 10 of 13 zoos responding to the survey, with
additional whole or carcass portions offered 1-2 days per week to maintain
variety and provide periodontal stimulation. Seven of 13 respondents fasted
animals I day/week: five maintained no fast days. The primary meat product (n =
14 samples) contained: 58% crude protein. 28% crude far. 7% total ash, 52 Iu/kg
vitamin E, 9.7 Iu/g vitamin A, and 2.200 mg/kg taurine (dry basis). Mineral
content of the same food item was: 1.9% Ca. 10.0 mg/kg Cu, 645.2 m& Fe,
0.089 Mg. 22.6 rns/kg Mn, 1.3% P, 0.4% Na, and 127.8 mg/kg Zn. Nutrient levels,
except vitamin E (and possibly Mg), met or exceeded recommendations established
for domestic felids. Plasma a-tocopherol, retinol, and taurine (18.1, 1.82,
128.4 mol/L, respectively) concentrations were similar to normaIs for domestic
felids, as were mean plasma mineral levels (n = 81: in mEq/L: 5.64 (Ca). 0.03
(Cu), 0.03 (Fe), 2.0 (Mg), 166.0 (Na). 12.3 (P), and 0.026 (Zn)). No gross
physiological or dietary nutrient imbalances were evident from this survey.
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Dierenfeld_1993_Nutrition_of_captive_cheetahs.pdf
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Eaton RL. 1974. Management and
behavior of wild cheetahs in captivity. In The Cheetah - The biology, ecology, and behavior of an endangered
species.Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York. Pp. 147-155.
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The integration of wild cheetahs from Namibia into captivity at
Lion Country Safari is observed and commented. Cage size and structure, group
composition, food quality and quantity as well as the method of food
distribution are discussed.
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Eaton_1974_The_cheetah_8_Captive_breeding.pdf
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Fitch-Snyder H. 1988.
Environmental factors influencing captive reproduction of cheetahs.
Supplement
to the AAZPA Cheetah SSP Husbandry Manual, 8 pp.
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Five North American zoos, each
having produced at least six litters at the time the survey was made, were
examined and compared. A husbandry questionnaire was used which included
questions concerning enclosure types, exposure to other animal species, diet,
social groupings, oestrus behaviour, parturition and maternal care.
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Fitch-Snyder_1988_Environmental_Factors_Influencing_Captive_Reproduction_of_Cheetahs.pdf
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Larkin R. 1987. Species
management plan for Acinonyx jubatus. Report.
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Species management plan for
Acinonyx jubatus of the association of zoo directors of Australia and New
Zealand. First part concerns the biology of the cheetah in the wild: general
characteristics, distribution and habitat, diet, reproductive biology,
behaviour, growth and development. Second part concerns the husbandry of
captive cheetahs: housing, diets, management of breeding groups, diseases and
medicine. Another part is about the history of captive population in different
zoos. Several appendix show maps of distribution, age in captivity, plans of
cheetah breeding areas, feed additives, a cheetah cub rearing protocol.
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Larkin_1987_Species_management_plan_for_Acinonyx_jubatus.pdf
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