"JOUR","1","Directions in conservation biology","Caughley G;","1994  ","","effective population size;extinction;genetic drift;inbreeding;Population Viability Analysis;stochasticity;","IN FILE","231","235","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","63","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Conservation biology has two threads: the small-population paradigm which deals with the effect of smallness on the persistence of a population, and the declining-population paradigm which deals with the cause of smallness and its cure. The processes relevant to the small-population paradigm are amenable to theoretical examination because they generalize across species and are subsumed by an inclusive higher category: stochasticity. In contrast, the processes relevant to the declining-population paradigm are essentially humdrum, being not one but many. So far they have defied tight generalization and hence are of scant theoretical interest. The small-population paradigm has not yet contributed significantly to conserving endangered species in the wild because it treats an effect (smallness) as if it were a cause. It provides an answer only to a trivial question: how long will the population persist if nothing unusual happens? Rather, its major contribution has been to captive breeding and to the design of reserve systems. The declining-population paradigm, on the other hand, is that relevant to most problems of conservation. It summons an investigation to discover the cause of the decline and to prescribe its antidote. Hence, at least at our current level of understanding, it evokes only an ecological investigation which although utilizing the rigour of tight hypotheses and careful experimentation, is essentially a one-off study of little theoretical interest. The principal contribution of the small-population paradigm is the theoretical underpinning that it imparted to conservation biology, even though most of that theory presently bears tenuous relevance to the specific problems of aiding a species in trouble. It would contribute immeasurably more if some of the theoretical momentum so generated were channelled into providing a theory of driven population declines, thereby liberating the declining-population paradigm from the inefficiency of case-by-case ecological investigations and recovery operations. The declining-population paradigm is urgently in need of more theory. The small population paradigm needs more practice. Each has much to learn from the other. A cautious intermixing of the two might well lead to a reduction in the rate at which species are presently going extinct.","","","","","","","","Caughley_1994_Directions_in_conservation_biology.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2","Safety in Numbers - Rewiev of the Breeding Center for Felidae at Hengdaohezi","Conrad K;","2000  ","","4CN;breeding;conservation;Felidae;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Conrad_2000_Review_of_Breeding_Center_for_Felidae_at_Hengdaohezi.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3","Life on the Cheetah Circuit","Burney DA;","1982  ","","1KE;1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;human impact;Maasai Mara National Reserve;tourism;","IN FILE","50","59","Natural History","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burney_1982_Life_on_the_Cheetah_Circuit.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","4","Compact for the management of cheetah in Namibia","","","identical to RefID:5057","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;agreement;CCT;cct_ni;cheetah;conservation;hunting (by humans);land management;management;Namibia;policy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Windhoek","NAPHA","English","","","","","","","Compact between landowners and the Namibia Professional Hunting Organisation expressing the landowner's agreement to participate actively in cheetah conservation and management.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Compact_for_the_management_of_cheetah_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","5","Cougar Translocation in New Mexico","","1999  ","","3US;monitoring;New Mexico;Puma concolor;translocation;","IN FILE","1","2","Hornocker Wildlife Institute Newsletter","","","","1","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Cougar_Translocation_in_New_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","6","The view from here - permit hunting of snow leopards","Freeman HE;","1990  ","","conservation;hunting (by human);Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","2","3","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","","","","Winter","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Freeman_1990_Permin_hunting_of_snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","7","The kodkod (Oncifelis guigna) and the Patagonia Mountain Forest linking two conservation priorities","Lucherini M;","2001  ","","2AR;conservation;Los Alerces;Oncifelis guigna;Patagonia;trapping;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","GECM","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lucherini_2001_The_kodkod_and_the_Patagonia_Mountain_Forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","8","Andean mountain cat, Oreailurus jacobita: Morphological description and comparison with other felines from the Altiplano","Garcia-Perea R;","2002  ","links","Andes;morphology;Oncifelis colocolo;Oreailurus jacobitus;recent;survey;cat;Oreailurus jacobita;sighting;skin;specimen;skull;cats;tail;Andean mountain cat;description;","IN FILE","110","124","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","83","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Recent field surveys searching for the rare Andean mountain cat, Oreailurus jacobita , have had difficulty in identifying this species from sightings and skins. This is caused by the paucity of museum specimens (only 3 skulls available to date) and the lack of criteria to differentiate this species from other small sympatric felines (e.g., Lynchailurus pajeros). In a study to solve these problems, 3 new skulls of O. jacobita were identified and a total of 5 skulls and 41 skins examined. Skulls of O. jacobita average 12-14% larger than skulls of L. pajeros, showing a large anterior chamber in the bulla. Andean mountain cats have vertical series of yellowish-brown blotches on the sides, and a long, bushy tail with wide dark rings. Two keys to differentiate these felines, based on these and other characters, are offered.","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_2002_Morphology_of_the_Andean_Mountain_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","9","Concerning Chinese lynx and manul","Bangjie T;","1987  ","","4CN;fur trade;Lynx lynx;Otocolobus manul;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1987_Concerning_Chinese_lynx_and_manul.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","10","Focus on the Cheetah: Technical innovations in species conservation","Marker-Kraus L;","","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;captive population;conservation;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","Washington D.C.","NOAHS","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_-_Technical_innovations_in_species_conservation_focus_on_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","11","Summary Report - Health, genetics and reproductive physiology of Namibian cheetahs and the collection and storage of spermatozoa, blood and tissue","Wildt DE;Bush ME;Howard JG;Grisham J;Kramer LW;O'Brien SJ;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;physiology;spermatozoa;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1994_Health_genetics_and_reproductive_phisiology_of_Namibian_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","12","Individual animal summary reports - Health, genetics and reproductive physiology of Namibian cheetahs and the collection and storage of spermatozoa, blood and tissue","Wildt DE;Bush ME;Howard JG;Grisham J;Kramer LW;O'Brien SJ;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;physiology;report;spermatozoa;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","53","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1994_Health_and_genetics_of_Namibian_cheetah_individuals.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","13","Conservation of wild cats - Survey of Clouded Leopard in North-east Indiaa project proposal","Johnsingh AJT;","1995  ","","4IN;conservation;Neofelis nebulosa;project;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1995_Conservation_of_Wild_Cats_Project_Proposal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","14","Provisional - King cheetah: The case for the evolution of a new race","Bottriell LG;Bottriell P;","","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;evolution;phenotypic plasticity;","IN FILE","1","48","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In the 1920s, much excitement arose in zoological circles over the appearance of a number of boldly striped and blotched cheetahs in Rhodesia, the like of which had never before been recorded. They eventually came to be regarded as a new species of cheetah, Acinonyx rex (Pocock). They were later placed in the completely new genus Paracinonyx (Kretzoi). This latter, generic status still stands. But the original species classification was revoked in 1939 on the basis that the animal was little more than a freak aberrant of the common cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. Yet the appearance of spontaneous mutations in cheetah in the 5000 years man and cheetah have associated have been so rare, as to be virtually non-existent. Thus the King Cheetah's appearance, standard across thirty-five specimens recorded to date south of the Zambezi in a portion of southern Africa where the common spotted cheetah has been near exterminated, is unprecedented in such a felid species that was formerly so widely distributed throughout Africa and across south-west Asia to India.","","","","","","","","Bottriell_&_Bottriell_-_King_cheetah_the_case_for_the_evolution_of_a_new_race.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","15","Conservation strategy for the long-term survival of cheetah in Namibia","Marker-Kraus L;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;CCT;cct_ni;cheetah;conservation;human-carnivore conflict;livestock;public education;radio telemetry;survival;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","GT/27","","","","Windhoek; Namibia","Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF)","English","","","","","","","Project report of the Cheetah Conservation Fund on activities carried out from 1993-1994. Special emphasis is given to mitigating human-carnivore conflicts and raising public awareness.","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_1994_Conservation_strategy_for_cheetah_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","16","Cheetahs: A predator's role in the ecosystem Teacher's ressource guide","Sarri K;","","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;ecosystem;","IN FILE","1","129","","","","","","","Olson C;Amspaugh D;","","Windhoek","CCF","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sarri_-_Teachers_ressource_guide_on_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","17","Manual on the problem of depredation caused by jaguars and pumas on cattle ranches","Hoogesteijn R;","","English. Spanish version: RefID 1213","cattle;human-predator conflict;2SAm;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","35","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_-_Depredation_caused_by_jaguars_and_pumas_on_cattle_ranches.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","18","Disparate phylogeographic patterns of molecular genetic variation in four closely related South American small cat species","Johnson WE;Slattery JP;Eizirik E;Kim J;Raymond M;Bonacic C;Cambre R;Crawshaw PG;Nunes A;Seuanez HN;Moreira MA;Seymour KL;Simon F;Swanson W;O'Brien SJ;","1999  ","","2SAm;DNA analysis;genetic variation;Leopardus tigrinus;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Oncifelis guigna;","IN FILE","79","94","Molecular Ecology","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1999_Molecular_genetic_variation_in_four_South_American_small_cat_species.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","19","Homologous genetic variation in the Felidae","Robinson R;","1976  ","","Felidae;genetic variation;genetics;hybridization;mutations;","IN FILE","1","31","Genetica","","","","46","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1976_Homologous_genetic_variation_in_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","20","Captive Breeding of Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in Thailand5th World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity","Ratanakorn P;","1988  ","","4TH;breeding;captive breeding;captivity;Neofelis nebulosa;copyright;endangered species;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","88 Oct 9 ","","","","","Ratanakorn_1988_Captive_Breeding_of_Clouded_Leopard_in_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","21","Synthesis of need/problems pertaining to cheetah and lion conservation across delegates - Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","","1996  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;habitat;habitat protection;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","","","","","Otjiwarongo","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Needs_problems_pertaining_cheetah_and_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","22","Book review: Assessing demographic change for conservation purposes","Ascencio PFQ;","2002  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","566","568","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Modeling has become an important tool for guiding management and conservation planning. In particular, the use of computer programs to evaluate population viability has increased markedly in recent years. Several recent volumes on population viability analysis (PVA) demonstrate the demand for comprehensive reviews of this topic. An example of this effort is the outstanding volume resulting from the symposium 'The Use of Population Viability Analyses in Conservation Planning', organized by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish Biodiversity Centre in Stockholm in December 1997. This well-organized book reviews the structure, assumptions, and applications of the three main approaches to population viability analysis: spatially realistic occupancy models, age- or stage-structured models, and individual-based models.","","","","","","","","Ascencio_2002_Use_of_population_viability_analyses_in_conservation_planning.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","23","Project proposal: A survey of the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in north-eastern India","Johnsingh AJT;","1994  ","","4IN;camera trap;Neofelis nebulosa;project;survey;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1994_Clouded_Leopard_Project_Proposal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","24","Preserving genetic diversity","Flint T;","1990  ","","breeding;genetic diversity;genetic variation;genetics;inbreeding;method;Polymerase Chain Reaction;","IN FILE","12","13","Lifewatch","","Life Watch","","282","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The latest techniques of genetic fingerprinting will enable conservationists to maximise genetic diversity in the animals selected either as part of a breeding programme or for reintroduction to the wild.","","","","","","","","Flint_1990_Preserving_genetic_diversity.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","25","Project proposal: Field study Profelis caracal, Felis libyca and Felis nigripes","Leyhausen P;","1992  ","","1ZA;Caracal caracal;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;project;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_1992_Field_study_Caracal_Felis_lybica_Felis_nigripes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","26","Directions in Conservation Biology: Comments on Caughley","Hedrick PW;Lacy RC;Allendorf FW;Soulé ME;","1996  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;genetics;Population Viability Analysis;stochasticity;","IN FILE","1312","1320","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hedrick_et_al_1996_Directions_in_Conservation_Biology.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","27","Status of the rusty spotted cat","Bharucha EK;","1987  ","","4IN;distribution;Prionailurus rubiginosa;sighting;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bharucha_1987_Status_of_Rusty_spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","28","Introductory note to my ground survey of the southern, western and adjoining regions of the Hazaribag area in North Chotanagpur","Imam B;","1995  ","","construction project;corridor;mine;North Chotanagpur;Panthera tigris;survey;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1995_Ground_survey_in_North_Chotanagpur.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","29","Draft: World Conservation Monitoring Centre Threatened Species data/status report: Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1776)","","1991  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;CITES;conservation;endangered species;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Threatened_species_data_status_report_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","30","Nature is the culture of India","Imam B;","1995  ","","4IN;construction project;culture;forest;mine;tribe;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1995_Nature_is_the_culture_of_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","31","Appendix II: Scientific post mortem: a protocol for collection of data and specimens","Kitchener AC;McOrist S;Wayne RK;","","","biometrics;data;Felidae;measurement;protocol;sampling;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","There is a wide range of important biological information that can be obtained from a dead or tranquilized cat. This protocol is exhaustive, but can be adapted to the needs of any study. Whenever an opportunity presents itself, specimens should be preserved for taxonomic studies. Other information would add considerably to our knowledge of the basic biology of many species.","","","","","","","","Kitchener_et_al_-_Scientific_post_mortem_collection_of_data_and_specimens.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","32","An overview of small population biology","Ballou JD;","1995  ","","metapopulation;population;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","3","7","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ballou_1995_An_overview_of_small_population_biology.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","33","Cheetah distribution in Khorasan Province, Iran","Karami M;","1992  ","","5IR;Acinonyx jubatus;characteristic;distribution;","IN FILE","4","4","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","16","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karami_1992_Cheetah_distribution_in_Khorasan_Province_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","34","Developmental competence of domestic cat follicular oocytes after fertiization in vitro","Goodrowe KL;Wall RJ;O'Brien SJ;Schmidt PM;Wildt DE;","1988  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;reproduction technology;","IN FILE","355","372","Biology of Reproduction","","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodrowe_1988_Developmental_competence_of_domestic_cat_follicular_oocytes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","35","DNA variation of the mammalian major histocompability complex reflects genomic diversity and population history","Yuhki N;O'Brien SJ;","1990  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;genetic variation;Major Histocompatibility Complex;Panthera leo;population history;Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism;","IN FILE","836","840","","Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","","","87","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yuhki_&_OBrien_1990_DNA_variation_reflects_genomic_diversity_and_population_history.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","36","News from Laos - an informal summary of the January-June 1994 results","Evans T;Timmins R;","1994  ","","4LA;Catopuma temmincki;Elephas maximus;Nakai-Nam Theun;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Evans_&_Timmins_1994_News_from_Laos.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","37","How to differentiate Oreailurus jacobitus from Lynchailurus species","Garcia-Perea R;Nowell K;","1998  ","inklusive project proposel","Oncifelis colocolo;Oreailurus jacobitus;project;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_&_Nowell_1998_Differentiation_of_Oreailurus_jacobitus_from_Lynchailurus_species.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","38","Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: Carnivores and primates","Nash WG;O'Brien SJ;","1982  ","","chromosome analysis;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;isozyme variation;primates;","IN FILE","6631","6635","","Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","","","79","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nash_&_OBrien_1982_Conserved_regions_of_homologous_G-banded_chromosomes.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","39","The Sundarbans wildlife management plan: conservation in the Bangladesh coastal zone","Seidensticker J;Hai A;","1983  ","","4BD;action plan;Bengal tiger;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;ecosystem;habitat;habitat conservation;habitat management;local development;local people;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;protected area;status;Sundarban;threats;tiger;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","1","120","","","","","","","","","Gland, Switzerland","IUCN; WWF","English","","","","","","","The only remaining habitat of the tiger in Bangladesh's Bengal Basin is the 6000km2 coastal zone area, the Sundarbans Forest Division. In the Sundarbans, tigers, deer, forest, and men are linked inseparably. The tiger must be managed with all wildlife as an integral part of forest management that assures the sustainable production of forest products and maintains this coastal zone at the level of beset achievable ecosystem function to provide for the needs of the people of Bangladesh. The This plan was designed by the government of Bangladesh and the World Wildlife Fund, and outlines technical guidelines which assure the future survival needs of the Royal Bengal Tiger and all wildlife in the Sundarbans. It describes in detail the features of the Sundarbans ecosystem and the status of the tigers and addresses the common threats of overexploitation and habitat disruption. Management goals and objectives are formulated and indivual projects to achieve the objectives are presented, including a timeframe, and responsible authorities.","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_&_Hai_1983_Sundarbans_wildlife_management_plan.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","40","Lion","","1989  ","","hunting behavior;mating;Panthera leo;pride;social behavior;","IN FILE","28","35","","","","","","Encyclopaedia of mammals","MacDonald DW;Hyman C;","","London","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1989_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","41","Field study in Shey-Phoksundo National Park","Priemé A;Oksnebjerg B;","1992  ","","4NP;livestock;Shey-Phoksundo National Park;Uncia uncia;WWF;","IN FILE","1","60","","","","","","","","","","WWF","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prieme_&_Oksnebjerg_1992_Field_study_in_Shey-Phoksundo_national_park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","42","Endangered species: The decline of the Amur leopard in the Russian Far East","Pikunov DG;Aramilev VV;Fomenko PV;Miquelle DG;Abramov VK;Korkishko VG;Nikolaev IG;","2000  ","","7RU;distribution;endangered species;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;","IN FILE","19","21","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_et_al_2000_Decline_of_the_Amur_leopard_in_Russian_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","43","Divided we fall: Cooperation among lions","Packer C;Pusey AE;","1997  ","","1TZ;breeding behaviour;hunting behavior;Panthera leo;social behavior;","IN FILE","32","39","Scientific American","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_&_Pusey_1997_Cooperation_among_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","44","Saving the Far Eastern leopard","Moraleva N;","1998  ","","7RU;distribution;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;threat;","IN FILE","21","23","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moraleva_1998_Saving_the_Far_Eastern_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","45","Genetic manipulation","Moore P;","1993  ","","DNA;genetic therapy;genetics;","IN FILE","1","4","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moore_1993_Genetic_manipulation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","46","Genetic fingerprinting","Lowrie P;Wells S;","1991  ","","DNA analysis;DNA fingerprinting;Polymerase Chain Reaction;","IN FILE","1","4","New Scientist","","","","52","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lowrie_&_Wells_1991_Genetic_fingerprinting.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","47","A molecular genetic analysis of kinship and cooperation in African lions","Packer C;Gilbert DA;Pusey AE;O'Brien SJ;","1991  ","","genetic analysis;DNA fingerprinting;Panthera leo;social behavior;","IN FILE","562","565","Nature","","","","351","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_et_al_1991_Molecular_genetic_analysis_of_kinship_and_cooperation_in_African_lions.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","48","NOAHS Center - Leading the way","Kelly J;Dryman T;O'Brien SJ;Kraus D;Marker-Kraus L;","1990  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;NOAHS;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Washington D.C.","NOAHS","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kelly_et_al_1990_NOAHS_Center_Leading_the_way.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","49","Preprint: Conserving genetic ressources - Can we revive the vanishing animals from their genoms coserved","Veprintsev BN;Rott NN;","1978  ","","artificial breeding;conservation;genetics;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","Pushchino","Scientific center for biological research of USSR academy of sciences institute of biological physics","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Veprintsev_&_Rott_1978_Conserving_genetic_ressources.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","50","Snow leopard survey and conservation handbook (Second Edition)","Jackson R;Hunter DO;","1996  ","Second Edition","CCT;cct_meth;census;conservation;ecology;method;monitoring;prey;snow leopard;survey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","154","","","","","2","","","","","ISLT","English","","","","","","","The objectives of this handbook (Second Edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS).","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Hunter_1996_Snow_leopard_survey_and_conservation_handbook.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","51","Snow leopard in Nepal","WWF;","1999  ","","4NP;activity;breeding;distribution;home range;mortality;density;prey;nature reserve;status;threat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1999_Snow_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","52","The snow leopard conservation scheme","","1988  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;Himalaya;human impact;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_The_snow_leopard_conservation_scheme.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","53","The current biological and political status of the jaguar - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Teer JG;Swank WG;","1986  ","","2SAm;conservation;Panthera onca;project;status;","IN FILE","8","17","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Teer_&_Swank_1986_Current_biological_and_political_status_of_the_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","54","The management of threatened and endangered species for survival and use - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Swank WG;Teer JG;","1986  ","French abstract","3US;CITES;endangered species;management;status;survival;","IN FILE","18","23","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Swank_&_Teer_1986_Management_of_threatened_and_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","55","A survey and estimate of jaguar populations in some areas of Mato-Grosso - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","D'Andrada de Almelda AE;","1986  ","","2BR;conservation;Mato-Grosso;Panthera onca;population;survey;","IN FILE","80","89","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English","","","","","","","The jaguar population size and an appropriate sex ration were estimated in fife areas on the basis of tracks. The crucial factor was the width of the forefeet, which was measured from the edge of the outer to the edge of the inner toes. Different vegetation types were taken into account as habitat variables.","","","","","","","","D_Andrada_de_Almelda_1986_Survey_and_estimate_of_jaguar_population_in_Mato-Grosso.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","56","L'avenir de la conservation du jaguar au Bresil/ The prospects for jaguar conservation in Brazil - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Crawshaw PG;","1986  ","","2BR;conservation;hunting (by human);Panthera onca;poaching;","IN FILE","76","79","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","French/English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_1986_The_prospects_for_jaguar_conservation_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","57","Coal mines destroying important tiger areas","Imam B;","1998  ","","4IN;construction project;corridor;endangered species;mine;Panthera tigris;World Bank;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The destruction of existing corridors used by tigers and other big endangered animals like elephant and gaur poses a major threat, loss of connectivity between existing habitats, and would lead to extinction of the species in the wild.","","","","","","","","Imam_1998_Coal_mines_destroy_important_tiger_areas.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","58","Observationes sobre el estado de las poblationes y las medidas para la conservation del jaguar en Venezuela - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Hoogesteijn R;Mondolfi E;Michelangeli A;","1986  ","","2VE;conservation;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","30","74","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_et_al_1986_Observationes_sobre_el_estado_de_las_poblationes_y_las_medidas.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","59","Estado actual del jaguar en Costa Rica - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Lopez Pizarro E;","1986  ","","2CR;conservation;Panthera onca;Panthera onca centralis;status;","IN FILE","24","29","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez_Pizarro_1986_Estado_actual_del_jaguar_en_Costa_Rica.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","60","Programa caza de jaguar - Mexico - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Clers B;","1986  ","","2MX;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","90","90","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clers_1986_Programa_caza_de_jaguar_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","61","Resumen del taller de especialistas de alto nivel sobre manejo de fauna silvestre para el desarrollo rural - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Lopez Preciado G;","1986  ","","2SAm;conservation;fauna;","IN FILE","120","143","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez_Preciado_1986_Resumen_del_taller_de_especialistas_de_alto_nivel_sobre_manejo_de_fauna.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","62","Wildlife management in neotropical moist forest overviews and prospects - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Ojasti J;","1986  ","","2SAm;hunting (by human);management;neotropical rainforest;","IN FILE","96","119","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ojasti_1986_Wildlife_management_in_neotropical_moist_forest.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","63","Conclusions on the conservation status of jaguar/Conclusions sur le statut de conservation du jaguar - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Jackson P;Clers B;","1986  ","","2SAm;conservation;status;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","91","94","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English/French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Clers_1986_Conclusions_on_the_status_of_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","64","Vida silvestre y satisfaction de necesidades humanas basicas en El Salvador - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Benitez Arias M;","1986  ","","2SV;conservation;fauna;status;","IN FILE","144","167","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Benitez_Arias_1986_Vida_silvestre_y_satisfaction_de_necesidades_humanas_basicas_en_El_Salvador.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","65","Capybara raising in captivity: Possibilities for meat production and for programs to repopulate native areas and for game ranching - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Lavorenti A;","1986  ","","2SAm;captive breeding;domestication;Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris;","IN FILE","212","215","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English/French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lavorenti_1986_Capybara_raising_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","66","The Asian and African Elephants: Flagships for conservation","Imam B;","1998  ","6th World Wilderness Congress, Bangalore, 1998","conservation;construction project;corridor;Elephas maximus;mine;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The destruction of corridors for animals such as the elephant currently predicted could lead further to the extinction of the elephant in South Asia, and up to half the herds could be severely threatened over the next century due to loss of connectivity to maintain a viable population in the wild.","","","","","","","","Imam_1998_Coal_mines_destroy_wildlife_corridors.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","67","Resumen del estado de la concervacion y el manejo de la fauna silvestre en la amazonia del Peru - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Lopez Preciado G;","1986  ","","2PE;fauna;status;","IN FILE","194","211","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez_Preciado_1986_Resumen_del_estado_de_la_concervacion_y_el_manejo_de_la_fauna.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","68","Cano negro national wildlife refuge - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Lopez Pizarro E;","1986  ","","2CR;Cano Negro Park;fauna;","IN FILE","190","193","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez_Pizarro_1986_Cano_negro_national_wildlife_refuge(s).pdf","","","",""
"CONF","69","L'homme dans la nature, role potentiel des reserves de la biosphere du programme MAB de l'UNESCO dans l'amenagement de la faune - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Kabala D;","1986  ","","conservation;neotropical rainforest;nature reserve;","IN FILE","168","188","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kabala_1986_L_homme_dans_la_nature_role_potentiel_des_reserves_de_la_biosphere.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","70","Conclusions on wildlife management in neotropical moist forest - International Symposium 'Conservation status of the Jaguar'","Ojasti J;Lopez Pizarro E;Clers B;","1986  ","","2SAm;management;neotropical rainforest;status;","IN FILE","216","219","","","","","","","","","Paris","CIC","English and French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ojasti_et_al_1986_Conclusions_on_wildlife_management_in_neotropical_moist_forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","71","Appendix III - Special presentation: Maintaining genetic viability of small populations","Seal US;","1990  ","","conservation;population;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","52","58","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seal_1990_Maintaining_genetic_viability_of_small_populations.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","72","The SSP subspecies dilemma: A report of an exploratory meeting of the AAZPA Species Survival Plan Subcomittee(SSPC) of the Wildlife Management and Conservation Comittee","","1985  ","","management;Species Survival Plan;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","SSP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1985_The_SSP_subspecies_dilemma.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","73","Wild caracals","Thapar V;","1998  ","","Caracal caracal;copyright;Ranthambhore National Park;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thapar_1998_Wild_caracals.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","74","The Kodkod (Oncifelis guigna) in Argentina - An ecological survey in Los Alerces and Nahuel Huapi National Park","Lucherini M;","1998  ","","2AR;copyright;distribution;endangered species;Los Alerces;Nahuel Huapi National Park;Oncifelis guigna;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lucherini_1998_Kodkod_in_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","75","Conservation biology: A discipline with a time limit","Diamond JM;May RM;","1985  ","","conservation biology;extinction;habitat fragmentation;population;","IN FILE","111","112","Nature","","","","317","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Diamond_&_May_1985_Conservation_biology_A_discipline_with_a_time_limit.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","76","Feline virus infections","Bennett M;Gaskell RM;","","","Felidae;feline enteric coronavirus;feline immunodeficiency virus;feline leukemia virus;feline panleukopenia virus;feline spongiform encephalophathy;","IN FILE","50","59","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Brief introduction to viruses which may infect cats: Respiratory viurses (Feline herpesvirus type I and feline calicivirus, Feline reovirus), Enteric viruses (Feline panleukopenia virus, Feline coronavirus infection, Feline rotavirus and astrovirus, Feline torovirus), Retrovirus infections (Feline immunodeficiency virus, Feline leukaemia virus, Feline syncytium-forming virus), Rodent viruses (Feline cowpox, Hantavirus), some other feline virus infections, Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)","","","","","","","","Bennett_&_Gaskell_-_Feline_virus_infections.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","77","Proposed protected area under Biodiversity conservation Prioritization Project as suggested by Bulu Imam","Imam B;","1996  ","3 maps","4IN;Bengal;biodiversity;conservation;construction project;Hazaribagh;mine;project;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1996_Proposed_protected_area.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","78","Mines and elephant trails around Hazaribagh","Imam B;","1996  ","","4IN;construction project;corridor;Elephas maximus;Hazaribagh;mine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1996_Mines_and_elephant_trails_around_Hazaribagh.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","79","Map of the North Karanpura Coalfield Project - 24 proposed open Cast mines","Imam B;","1995  ","","4IN;construction project;corridor;Karanpura;mine;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1995_Wildlife_corridors_and_habitats.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","80","Coal mines and dams in India cause destruction of nature","Imam B;","1993  ","","4IN;construction project;copyright;corridor;Elephas maximus;Hazaribagh;mine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1993_Coal_mines_and_dams_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","81","A study of the crisis of the wildlife corridors and hatitats in the North Karanpura Valley of Hazaribagh as a result of the North Karanpura coalfield project","Imam B;","1996  ","","4IN;construction project;copyright;corridor;Elephas maximus;Hazaribagh;Karanpura;mine;Panthera tigris;project;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","21","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The coal mining in the Damodar Valley is not a new phenomenon. It has to be studied in the present context of mining the North Karanpura Valley, which is a forested and pristine habitat with tribal villages and agriculture, with relation to the developments and strategies used by governments in the past in the damming and mining of the Damodar river on which it forms the uppermost watershed. We have to see how this has affected both the tribals and forests. It has deprived them of indigenous and ancestral rights over their culture and life style, their religion and sacred sites, and the forests and waterways forming their environment. These mining operations, starting immediately to the south and east of the valley in South Karanpura and Ramgarh mining blocks, have destroyed areas of mega biodiversity and ancient migratory corridors, including those of elephants, in the quite recent past Tiger, gaur, leopard, and other threatened species have likewise been affected by destruction of habitat and forest corridors that in the past liked important stretches of jungle.","","","","","","","","Imam_1996_Crisis_of_wildlife_corridors_and_habitats.pdf","","","",""
"THES","82","Le chat forestier d'Europe - Exploitation des ressources et organisation spatiale","Stahl P;","1986  ","","78Eur;copyright;distribution;ecological requirement;Felis silvestris;prey;spatial organization;","IN FILE","311","314","","","","","","","","","","Université de Nancy","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stahl_1986_Le_chat_forestier_d_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","83","Project proposal: Research on black servals in the Aberdare National Park in Kenya","Matthews A;Urscheler A;","1993  ","","1KE;Aberdare National Park;Leptailurus serval;melanism;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Matthews_&_Urscheler_1993_Research_on_black_servals.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","84","Taxonomic considerations of feline species and subspecies","O'Brien SJ;","","","Felidae;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_-_Taxonomic_considerations_of_feline_species_and_subspecies.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","85","An Appeal for Wildcat Samples and project Description","Driscoll C;","","","Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris lybica;Felis silvestris ornata;Felis silvestris silvestris;phylogeny;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Driscoll_-_Wildcat_samples.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","86","Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: A cautionary tale","Caro TM;Laurenson K;","1994  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;genetic variation;population genetics;inbreeding;","IN FILE","485","486","Science","","","","263","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Caro_&_Laurenson_1994_Ecological_and_genetic_factors_in_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","87","Evolutionary Convergences of Primitive Sabertooth Carniomandibular Morphology: the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) and Paramachairodus ogygia Compared","Christiansen P;","2008  ","","clouded leopard;convergent evolution;evolution;morphology;Neofelis nebulosa;paramachairodus;saber-toothed cat;skull;skull morphology;","IN FILE","155","179","J Mammal Evol","","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The sabertoothed felids were among the most unusual predators in the late Tertiary ecosystems, and the sabertooth morphology is regarded as being absent from the modern ecosystems. In recent years, the primitive Paramachairodus has become well known and has yielded much valuable information on the primitive skull morphology among sabercats, providing the first evidence-based scenarios for the evolution of skull morphology in later sabercats. However, comparison of craniomandibular morphology of the extant clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa and Paramachairodus reveals numerous similarities and subsequent divergence from other extant great cats. In several key aspects, the clouded leopard has approached a primitive sabercat craniomandibular morphology and has diverged markedly from its sister group, the Panthera lineage. A primitive sabertooth condition arose six times in the Tertiary period, not five as is traditionally advocated. The clouded leopard appears to be a useful model for understanding primitive sabercat morphology and could shed important light on sabercat evolution. The unusual nature of the clouded leopard implies that increased efforts should be spent on insuring the continuing survival of this rare and endangered species.","","","","","","","","Christiansen_2008_Evolutionary_convergences_of_primitive_Sabertooth_craniomandibular_morphology.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","88","Rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic - species, subspecies and small cat survival","Mansard P;","","","captive breeding;Felidae;subspecies;survival;","IN FILE","5","8","International Zoo News","","","","38","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mansard_-_Species_subspecies_and_small_cat_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","89","Feature article: Update on livestock guarding dog project","Sartini B;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;guard dog;livestock;project;","IN FILE","5","7","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sartini_1994_Update_on_livestock_guarding_dog_project.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","90","Vanishing Cats of Rajasthan","Sharma VD;Sankhala KS;Vishnu S;Kailash S;","1984  ","CSG Workshop; bad quality","4IN;Cat Specialist Group IUCN;lesser cat;population trend;Rajasthan;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","84 Apr 9 ","","","","","Sharma_et_al_1984_Vanishing_Cats_of_Rajasthan.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","91","On the evolution of genome organization in mammals","O'Brien SJ;Seuanez HN;Womack JE;","1985  ","","Carnivora;DNA;evolution;Felidae;gene map;genetics;method;primates;","IN FILE","519","589","","","","","","Molecular Evolutionary Genetics","Maclotyre RJ;","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1985_Evolution_of_genome_organization_in_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","92","Domestic dogs as reservoirs of rabies and canine distemper in the Serengeti","Cleaveland S;","1996  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;Canis familiaris;rabies;Serengeti;","IN FILE","2","4","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","5","","","22","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cleaveland_1996_Domestic_dogs_rabies_and_CDV_in_Serengeti.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","93","The Iriomote Cat (Agenda Paper IUCN CSS 72/28)","Leyhausen P;","1972  ","PubDate unsecure","4JP;Iriomote;politics;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;cat;IUCN;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_1972_Iriomote_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","94","Canine distemper and rabies infection in wildlife in the Serengeti National Park. A response to S. Cleaveland's article in the VSG Newsletter, Autumn 1996 (with reference also to other related citations)","East ML;","","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;Lycaon pictus;rabies;Serengeti;vaccination;","IN FILE","2","6","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","East_-_Canine_distemper_and_rabies_in_wildlife_in_Serengeti_NP.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","95","Status of the Iriomote cat","Milliken T;","1983  ","","4JP;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Milliken_1983_Status_of_the_Iriomote_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","96","The social system of lions","Bertram BCR;","1975  ","","1TZ;Panthera leo;pride;reproduction;Serengeti;social system;","IN FILE","54","65","Scientific American","","","","232","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertram_1975_The_social_system_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","97","Why lions are not jealous lovers","","1983 Apr 28 ","","1TZ;male;Panthera leo;social behavior;","IN FILE","220","220","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Why_lions_are_not_jealous_lovers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","98","Foreign lion genes terrorise scientists","Jackson P;","1991  ","","1KE;gene flow;Panthera leo;reintroduction;Adamson G.;","IN FILE","793","793","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1991_Foreign_lion_genes_terrorise_scientists.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","99","Report on the survey on the Andean mountain cat in the proposed Aconquija Nationa Park, Argentina","Lucherini M;Birochio D;Sana D;","1998  ","","2AR;Oreailurus jacobitus;ecological requirement;survey;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lucherini_et_al_1998_Survey_on_the_Andean_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","100","What happened to Adamson's lions?","Patterson G;","","","1BW;1KE;Adamson G.;Panthera leo;translocation;","IN FILE","17","21","Zimbabwe Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patterson_1990_What_happened_to_Adamsons_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","101","Report on the wildlife trade in Cambodia, autumn 1997","Ware D;","1997  ","","4KH;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ware_1997_Report_on_wildlife_trade_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","102","Bobcat (Lynx rufus), lynx (lynx canadensis)","","1982  ","","Lynx rufus;CITES;IUCN;Lynx canadensis;politics;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","58th IUCN / SSC Meeting","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1982_CITES_Lynx_rufus_and_lynx_canadensis.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","103","Amendments to Appendices I and II of the convention - Transfer of Felis geoffroyi from Appendix II to Appendix I","","1991  ","","CITES;Oncifelis geoffroyi;politics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_CITES_Felis_geoffroyi.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","104","Predator versus predator - In the Yukon, when the going gets tough, the tough get eaten","O'Donoghue M;Hofer E;Doyle FI;","1995  ","","3CA;Canis latrans;intraguild predation;Lynx canadensis;predator;Vulpes vulpes;Yukon;","IN FILE","6","8","Natural History","","","","","","","3/95","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","ODonoghue_et_al_1995_Predator_versus_predator.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","105","The Siberian Tiger Park at Harbin, ChinaBrief Observation","Kirsten C;","2000  ","","4CN;captive breeding;observation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kirsten_2000_Siberian_Tiger_Park_at_Harbin.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","106","The size of lions and tigers","Yamaguchi N;","","","measurement;morphology;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamaguchi_-_Size_of_lions_and_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","107","Scenting a roaring success","Davies G;","1989  ","","8Eur;Cervus elaphus;Panthera leo;predator-prey;faeces;","IN FILE","150","150","Country Life","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The best methode to chase out deer from gardens or young tree populations is to spread lion dung found the zoological institute of London in a three-year study. This might be due to the long coevolutionary history that share deer and lion as prey and predator.","","","","","","","","Davies_1989_Scenting_a_roaring_success.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","108","Number of tiger (Panthera tigris) in Bhutan","Dorji DP;","1988  ","","4BT;population size;distribution;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dorji_1988_Tiger_census_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","109","The Bali Barat Reserve 1978","Seidensticker J;","1978  ","","4ID;Bali;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris balica;sighting;status;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1978_Bali_Barat_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","110","Retracing the history of the Ngorongoro lions","Packer C;Pusey AE;","1987  ","","1TZ;history;inbreeding;lion;Ngorongoro;Panthera leo;population;status;","IN FILE","30","31","Swara","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The present-day population of lions in the Ngorognoro Crater could all be descended from a group of only 6-15 lions. Anyone who has photos of lions taken in Ngorognoro during the 1960s might be able to help researchers establish if this is indeed the case – and consequently if the lions have been subject to the harmful effects of excessive inbreeding.","","","","","","","","Packer_&_Pusey_1987_Retracing_the_history_of_the_Ngorongoro_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","111","Pride under siege","Scott J;","2001  ","","1KE;Maasai Mara National Reserve;Panthera leo;pride;","IN FILE","43","48","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Scott_2001_Pride_under_siege.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","112","Der Luchs gewinnt an Boden","Wotschikowsky U;","1990  ","","8CH;8Eur;hunting behavior;kill rate;Lynx lynx;prey;reintroduction;","IN FILE","34","37","Wild und Hund","","","","19","","","","","","German","","","","","","","Wotschikowsky summarizes new worth knowing insights in lynx biology and reintroductions presented at a symposium held in Neuchâtel, Switzerland.","","","","","","","","Wotschikowsky_1990_Der_Luchs_gewinnt_an_Boden.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","113","Hunters set their sights on Norway's lynx","MacKenzie D;","1996  ","","8NO;hunting (by human);livestock damage;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","12","12","New Scientist","","","","","","","9 March 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","MacKenzie_1996_Hunters_set_their_sights_on_Norways_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","114","Biochemical genetic variation in geographic isolates of African and Asiatic lions","O'Brien SJ;Martenson JS;Packer C;Herbst L;de Vos V;Joslin P;Ott-Joslin J;Wildt DE;Bush ME;","1987  ","","1TZ;1ZA;4IN;distribution;electrophoresis;genetic variation;Gir;Kruger National Park;Ngorongoro;Panthera leo;population genetics;Serengeti;","IN FILE","114","124","National Geographic Research","","","","3","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1987_Genetic_variation_among_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","115","Genetic introgression within the Florida panther Felis concolor coryi","O'Brien SJ;Roelke ME;Yuhki N;Richards KW;Johnson WE;Franklin WL;Anderson AE;Bass OL jr.;Belden RC;Martenson J;","1990  ","","3US;Florida;genetic analysis;genetics;mitochondrial DNA;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","485","494","National Geographic Research","","","","6","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1990_Florida_panther_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","116","Tiger","Leyhausen P;","1987  ","Vol 4, Chapter Tiger; English version","Panthera tigris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","5","17","","","","","","Grzimek's Encyclopaedia","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_1987_Grzimek_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"THES","117","Ecology of the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)","Chellam R;","1993  ","","4IN;ecology;genetic variation;Gir;habitat use;home range;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population trend;predation;prey;social system;","IN FILE","1","170","","","","","","","","","","Department of Bioscenes, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India","English","","","","","","","The mayor objectives of my study were to assess the predation ecology, habitat use and the ranging patterns of the lions in the Gir forest. The ultimate and long-term goal of this research effort was to examine the feasibility of a translocation effort in an attempt to establish a free ranging population of lions away from the Gir forest. The ecological data generated would enable the assessment of prospective translocation sites and insights gained about lion behaviour would be invaluable in the planning and implementation of the translocation. A thorough understanding of the prey and space requirements of the lions is essential for their effective conservation and to attempt the establishment of a second free ranging population. Associated information on lion group size and social organisation was also collected. Wild ungulate populations were estimated. Data was collected on the ecology of leopard (Panthera pardus) and a record of the sightings of all the carnivores was maintained. This thesis is organised into seven chapters. Following the introduction, the study area chapter gives a brief conservation history of the Gir forest and details of the topography, vegetation, the Maldharis and the large mammals. The chapter on prey populations describes the census methods and gives the population estimates for various wild ungulates and the resident livestock population. The age and sex composition of the ungulates is also discussed. Chapter four, which is on the predation ecology of the lions, gives an assessment of the lion's diet based on the analysis of their scats as well as the kill remains of the prey killed and eaten by them. The predation ecology of the lion and the leopard is compared to ascertain, how the prey base is partitioned between these two large carnivores. In the next chapter, the social organisation of the lion is discussed and compared with the reported patterns for the African lions from the savanna of east Africa. The observed social organisation is explained on the basis of the lion's predation ecology in Gir. Chapter six, discusses the results of the radio-tracking studies and estimated the seasonal and annual home ranges for the radio-collared lions. Habitat selection by male and female lions through the various seasons is also discussed. The next chapter discusses the management actions that need to be taken to ensure the conservation of the Asiatic lions. A thesis summary containing the salient features fo this study and outlining the major findings is the last chapter.","","","","","","","","Chellam_1993_Ecology_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","118","Lions of northern Botswana - Dilemma of a population on the move","Joubert D;","","","1BW;Crocuta crocuta;Panthera leo;pride;Savuti;","IN FILE","20","23","Wildlife Watch","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joubert_-_Lions_of_northern_Botswana.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","119","Diverse genes sought to save cheetahs","","1985 Sep 19 ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;genetic uniformity;genetic variation;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1985_Genes_sought_to_save_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","120","Cheetahs teetered on brink of the ice age","de Smet K;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;extinction;genetic variation;minisatellite DNA;mutations;","IN FILE","16","16","","","(unknown)","","29 May 1993","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","De_Smet_1993_Cheetahs_teetered_on_brink_of_ice_age.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","121","A Report on the present conditions of Chinese Tigers","Bangjie T;","1986  ","","4CN;breeding;distribution;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;track;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1986_Present_Conditions_of_Chinese_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","122","Cheetah survival depends on Namibian ranchers","","1995  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;human-predator conflict;livestock damage prevention;survival;","IN FILE","3","3","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","April 1995","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Cheetah_survival_depends_on_Namibian_ranchers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","123","An update on the status and abundance of Paraguyan Felids","Brooks D;","1990  ","","2PY;Chaco;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus pardalis mitis;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Oncifelis guigna;Oncifelis guigna guigna;Panthera onca;Panthera onca palustris;density;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1990_Status_and_abundance_of_Paraguyan_Felids.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","124","Update on the status of the cats in Proyecto Tagua, Chaco, Paraguay","Brooks D;","1989  ","","2PY;Chaco;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Herpailurus yaguarondi eyra;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis colocolo crespoi;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Oncifelis geoffroyi paraguae;Panthera onca;Panthera onca palustris;Puma concolor;Puma concolor acrocodia;status;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1989_Status_of_cats_in_Proyecto_Tagua.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","125","Spreading of family cats (Felidae) in Georgia","Bukhnikashvil A;","","","7GE;distribution;Felidae;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bukhnikashvil_-_Spreading_of_Felidae_in_Georgia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","126","Biological survey of Nigeria. Final Report","Drolet CA;","1990  ","","1NG;biodiversity;conservation;endangered species;habitat;report;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Quebec City","Canadian Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Drolet_1990_Biological_survey_of_Nigeria.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","127","Tiger protection","Panwar HS;","","","4LK;Panthera tigris;poaching;sighting;tiger show;track;","IN FILE","2","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Panwar_-_Tiger_Protection.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","128","Mammals of USSR and adjacent countries - Carnivora (Fissipedia and Pinnipedia)","Ognev SI;","1962  ","Translated from Russian (Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran) originally published 1935 in Leningrad","7SU;7SW;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;ecology;Felidae;Felis chaus;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris ornata;Felis silvestris silvestris;Lynx lynx;Otocolobus manul;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","96","265","","","","","","","","3","Washington D.C.","Israel Program for Scientific Translations","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ognev_1962_Mammals_of_USSR_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","129","Oreailurus jacobita","Yensen E;Seymour KL;","2000  ","","2SAm;characteristic;status;distribution;ecology;genetics;Oreailurus jacobitus;skull;","IN FILE","1","6","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","644","","American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yensen_&_Seymour_2000_Oreailurus_jacobita_ms.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","130","Interim report: The distribution of tiger, leopard, elephant and wild cattle (gaur, banteng, buffalo, khting vor and kouprey) in Cambodia","Kimchhay H;Kimsan O;Masphal K;Polin S;Seiha U;","1998  ","","4KH;distribution;Elephas maximus;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;population size;report;","IN FILE","1","21","","","","","","","","","Phnom Penh","Cambodia Wildlife Protection","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kimchhay_et_al_1998_Distribution_of_tiger_leopard_elephant_and_cattle_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","131","First report on the multinational initiative to determine the status of the Andean mountain cat and priorities for its conservation","Walker S;Novaro AJ;","2001  ","Links","2SAm;Andean cat;Andes;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;Oreailurus jacobitus;poaching;status;survey;threats;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","Neuquen","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","In 1999 a group of researchers from several countries studying the Andean mountain cat formed the Committee for the Conservation of the Andean Cat (COCGA) and agreed to initiate a multinational project to 1) determine the status and current distribution of the Andean cat, 2) evaluate the protection it receives from the protected areas in each country of its distribution, 3) evaluate potential connectivity between isolated populations, 4) identify areas where further protection is necessary, and 5) develop local and regional strategies for its conservation. The project was initiated in June 2001 with funding from the Cat Action Treasury (CAT), and is being coordinated by Susan Walker and Andrés Novaro. In the first stage, which is described in this report, we developed an initial map of potential habitat, based on all area above 3500 m between 9 degrees and 35 degrees S, and all recent records of the Andean cat throughout its range.","","","","","","","","Walker_&_Novaro_2001_Status_of_Andean_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","132","Cheetah lure course at zoo New England","Knapp A;","2000  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;feeding;lure course;zoo;","IN FILE","5","5","Cheetah News","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Knapp_2000_Cheetah_lure_course_at_zoo_New_England.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","133","Zoo diet to blame for cheetahs' sterility","","1987  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;diet;infertility;zoo;","IN FILE","31","31","New Scientist","","","","","","","1 October 1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Zoo_diet_to_blame_for_cheetahs_sterility.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","134","Use of mirrors to stimulate cheetah breeding interest at the Baltimore zoo","Bartos C;","2000  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;breeding;zoo;","IN FILE","6","6","Cheetah News","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bartos_2000_Mirrors_to_stimulate_cheetah_breeding_interest.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","135","Estrus induction studies in captive cheetahs","Durrant BS;Millard-Davis S;","2000  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;oestrous cycle;veterinary;","IN FILE","8","8","Cheetah News","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durrant_&_Millard-Davis_2000_Estrus_induction_studies_in_captive_cheetas.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","136","Lions in winter","Ross I;","1994  ","","3US;breeding;ecology;Puma concolor;winter;","IN FILE","52","59","Natural History","","","","","","","12/94","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ross_1994_Lions_in_winter.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","137","Storm tossed survivor","","1993  ","","1KE;ecology;Maasai Mara National Reserve;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","76","77","Natural History","","","","","","","6/93","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Storm_tossed_survivor.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","138","The vervets' year of doom","Isbell LA;","1994  ","","1KE;monkey;Panthera pardus;predation;predator-prey;","IN FILE","48","54","Natural History","","","","","","","8/94","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Isbell_1994_Vervets_year_of_doom.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","139","The sabertooth's repeat performances","Janis C;","1994  ","","evolution;extinction;Neofelis nebulosa;nimravid;Smilodon;","IN FILE","78","83","Natural History","","","","","","","4/94","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Janis_1994_The_sabertooths_repeat_performances.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","140","Key to carnivores","Tedford RH;","1994  ","","Carnivora;evolution;teeth;","IN FILE","74","76","Natural History","","","","","","","4/94","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tedford_1994_Key_to_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","141","Trip to North Korea","Miquelle DG;","1998  ","","4KP;Panthera tigris;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_1998_Trip_to_North_Korea.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","142","Information about the population of the Amur Tiger","Dunishenko YM;","1992  ","Pub Date unsure","endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dunishenko_1992_Amur_tiger_population.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","143","Project proposal: Conservation status of the Andean cat (Oreailurus jacobita) in Argentina","Benaceci M;","1997  ","","2AR;conservation;endangered species;Oreailurus jacobitus;project;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Benaceci_1997_Conservation_status_of_the_Andean_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","144","The market for tiger products on Taiwan - A survey","Highley K;","1993  ","","4TW;conservation;endangered species;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris balica;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris sondaica;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Panthera tigris tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;population size;survey;trade;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","Earthtrust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Highley_1993_The_market_for_tiger_products_in_Taiwan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","145","Biological diversity assessment for Niger","Millington SJ;Tiega A;","","Only part of the report","1NE;Acinonyx jubatus;biotic zones;Panthera leo;nature reserve;report;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","","","","WWF Niger","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Millington_&_Tiega_1991_Biological_diversity_assessment_for_Niger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","146","Facts about Iriomote Island","Leyhausen P;","1977  ","Pub Date unsure","4JP;copyright;distribution;Iriomote;island;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","2","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_1977_Facts_about_Iriomote_Island.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","147","Coping with a lion killer","Packer C;","","","1TZ;African lion;canine distemper virus;Canis familiaris;lion;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","14","17","Natural History","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_1996_Coping_with_a_lion_killer.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","148","Social system of the Iriomote cat","Izawa M;Doi T;Ono Y;","","","4JP;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;social system;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Authors have been interested in the origin and evolution of the social systems of the small Felidae. The study on the home range utilization pattern and the social system of the Iriomote cat has been conducted by the means of the direct observation at the artificial feeding sites and the telemetrical method since 1983.","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_-_Social_system_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","149","Experience obtained from box trapping and handling wildcats in Slovenia","Potocnik H;Kljun F;Racnik J;Skrbinsek T;Adamic M;Kos I;","2002  ","","7SI;box trap;capture;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;handling;method;trapping;wild cat;","IN FILE","211","219","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","47","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Wildcats Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775 were captured for radio collaring as a part of a study of their spatial distribution and social organisation in southern Slovenia between 1999 and 2001. Double-door box traps, with a roof that bears easily break (bear permeable traps), have been used to capture individuals. The distances between traps were between 550 to 2200 m. They were set out on logging roads and narrow trails in the forest. Nine wildcats, one lynx Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) and one feral cat were caught as target species and 19 badgers Meles meles and one bear cub Ursus arctos as non-targets. The catching success was 1 wildcat/58 trap-days and seems to be in correlation with the lunar cycle. Overall, 7 males and 2 female wildcats were captured which might indicate sex biased trapping selection. Methodological improvements shortened the time of handling procedures. Improved field protocols as well as restraining and immobilisation procedures increased reliability and safety of drug administrations, decreased potential chances for injuries and reduced overall stress of captured animals.","","","","","","","","Potocnik_et_al_2002_Box_trapping_and_handling_wildcats_in_Slovenia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","150","A plans of training Siberian Tigers and living in the wild and release to their natural habitat","Liu CX;","","","4CN;captive breeding;conservation;habitat;Panthera tigris;reintroduction;release;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","The breeding center of Felidae Animals of Hengdohezi, China","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Liu_-_Captive_breeding_as_a_conservation_strategy.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","151","South China Tiger","Bangjie T;","1992  ","","4CN;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;sign;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1992_South_China_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","152","The classification and distribution of tigers in China","Bangjie T;","","","4CN;population size;conservation;distribution;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris tigris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_-_Classification_and_distribution_of_tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","153","Are jaguars really living in home on the range, the American southwest?","Rabinowitz A;","1997  ","","3US;Arizona;distribution;jaguar;Panthera onca;photo;","IN FILE","24","27","Wildlife International","","","","","","","September/October 1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1997_Jaguars_in_the_American_southwest.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","154","Tigers and men","Jackson P;","1973  ","","human-predator conflict;maneater;Panthera tigris;public attitude;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Tigers and Men have lived side by for thousand of years. Some of them have also killed each other deliberately. In the last 100 years Man has achieved the upper hand and is now capable of administering the coup de grace and consigning the Tiger to oblivion. While many people are convinced that the tiger should be saved from extinction and its future on this earth assured, others are worried that the tiger may still be a threat to human beings. So, how is the tiger? Let us hear the opinions of experts.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1973_Tigers_and_Men.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","155","A multi-national effort to save the tiger","Mountfort G;","1973  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;population trend;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mountfort_1973_Multi-national_effort_to_save_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","156","The Bengal tiger goes in the 'Red Book'","Mountfort G;","1970  ","","Bengal;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Red List;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mountfort_1970_Panthera_tigris_tigris_in_Red_Book.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","157","Natural history and landscape-use of guignas (Oncifelis guigna) on Isla Grande de Chloe, Chile","Sanderson JG;Sunquist ME;Iriarte AW;","2002  ","","2CL;conservation;corridor;forest;guigna;habitat use;kodkod;natural history;Oncifelis guigna;predation;radio collar;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","608","613","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","83","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","We studied the natural history and lanscape-use patterns of the guigna, Oncifelis guigna, a small forest cat, on Isla Grande de Chiloe, Chile. We put radiocollars on 7 adult (5 males, 2 females) guignas to assess the factors that affect persistence in a highly fragmented, human-dominated landscape and a contiguous forest with fewer human impacts. Conservation of guignas outside protected areas requires forested areas connected by corridors, containing free-ranging domestic fowl, and dispelling local myths that guignas are vampires.","","","","","","","","Sanderson_et_al_2002_Natural_history_of_landscape_use_of_guignas_in_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","158","Live baiting of tiger","Leyhausen P;","1975  ","","baiting;feeding behavior;Gir;management;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_1975_Live_baiting_of_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","159","Live baiting of tiger","Singh AN;","1975  ","","baiting;feeding behavior;management;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1975_Live_baiting_of_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","160","Tiger - Endangered","","1987  ","","conservation;distribution;ecology;measures;Panthera tigris;Red List;status;subspecies;threats;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Short summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for all tiger subspecies. Some conservation measures are proposed.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Tiger_-_Endangered.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","161","Molecular analysis of hybridisation between wild and domestic cats (Felis silvestris) in Portugal: implications for conservation","Oliveira R;Godinho R;Randi E;Ferrand N;Célio Alves P;","2007  ","","8PT;admixture analysis;Bayesian clustering;conservation genetics;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;hybridisation;microsatellites;wildcat;","IN FILE","","","Conservation Genetics","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The endangered European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) is represented, today, by fragmented and declining populations whose genetic integrity is considered to be seriously threatened by crossbreeding with widespread free-ranging domestic cats. Extensive and recent hybridisation has been described in Hungary and Scotland, in contrast with rare introgression of domestic alleles in Italy and Germany. In Portugal, the wildcat is now listed as VULNERABLE in the Red Book of Portuguese Vertebrates. Nevertheless, genetic diversity of populations and the eventual interbreeding with domestic cats remain poorly studied. We surveyed genetic variation at 12 autosomal microsatellites for 34 wild and 64 domestic cats collected across Portugal. Wild and domestic cats were significantly differentiated both at allele frequencies and sizes (FST=0.11, RST = 0.18, P < 0.001). Population structure and admixture analyses performed using Bayesian approaches also showed evidence of two discrete groups clustering wild and domestic populations. Results did not show significant genetic divergence among Northern, Central and Southern wildcats. Six morphologically identified wildcats were significantly assigned to the domestic cluster, revealing some discrepancy between phenotypic and genetic identifications. We detected four hybrids (approximately 14%) using a consensus analysis of different Bayesian model-based software. These hybrids were identified throughout all sampled areas, suggesting that hybridisation is of major concern for the appropriate implementation of wildcat conservation strategies in Portugal.","","","","","","","","Oliveira_et_al_2007_Hybridisation_between_wild_and_domestic_cat_in_Portugal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","162","Plant substances as alternatives for animal products used in Traditional Chines Medicine","Langley J;Lee H;","1997  ","Pub Date unsure","4CN;endangered species;Panthera tigris;pharmacy;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Langley_&_Lee_1997_Plant_substances_as_alternatives_for_animal_products.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","163","How Meihuashan South China Tiger Project came into Existence - Fight for the South China tiger","","2000  ","","4CN;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;project;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Fight_for_the_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","164","Threats to Russia's Wild East","Prynn D;","1992  ","","7RU;conservation;deforestation;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prynn_1992_Threats_to_Russias_Wild_East.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","165","Panthera tigris in Buthan - an overview of its status","Dorji DP;Wangchuk TR;","1994  ","","4BT;ecology;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dorji_&_Wangchuk_1994_Panthera_tigris_in_Buthan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","166","Facing extinction","Pikunov DG;","1995  ","","7RU;distribution;ecology;extinction;Panthera pardus orientalis;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","62","72","Aeroflot Magazine","","","","","","","May/July 1995","","","English and Russian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_1995_Facing_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","167","The Magic Figure of 300 or: What is a Viable Tiger Population?","Leyhausen P;","","","management;Population Viability Analysis;Panthera tigris;population;population dynamics;population genetics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_-_Viable_Tiger_Population.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","168","On preservation of tigers","Schaller GB;","1986  ","","captive breeding;conservation;Panthera tigris;population genetics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_1986_On_preservation_of_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","169","Population dynamics of tigers","Leyhausen P;","","","management;Panthera tigris;population;population dynamics;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_-_Population_dynamics_of_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","170","Discussion of Mammal Status within the Reserves","Melisch R;Noor YR;Giesen W;Rudyanto;Widjanarti EH;","1993  ","","4ID;conservation;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;","IN FILE","17","19","","","","","","An Assessment of the importance of Rawa Danau for nature conservation and an evaluation of ressource use","","6.1.3","","PHPA; AWB","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Melisch_et_al_1993_Mammal_Status_within_the_Reserves.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","171","Sumatran Tiger poaching in 1998 and 1999","","2000  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 2000 Sumatran Tiger poaching in 1998 and 1999.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","172","Status of the Amur leopard","","1993  ","","captive breeding;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;status;","IN FILE","15","15","CBSG News","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Status_of_the_Amur_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","173","Proposals to register the first commercial captive-breeding operation for Siberian Tiger","","1994  ","","captive breeding;conservation;marking method;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Commercial_captive-breeding_of_Siberian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","174","The great efforts made by China in the establishment of wildlife paradise and conservation of the world's endangered species","","1994  ","","4CN;captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Traditional Chinese Medicine;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Chinas_efforts_in_conservation_of_biodiversity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","175","The tiger in Gujarat - A status report","Rashid MA;","","presentation at cat news meeting","4IN;Cat Specialist Group IUCN;Gujarat;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_-_Tiger_in_Gujarat.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","176","Tiger hunting in India in the 1960s","Jackson P;","","","4IN;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;tiger;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In the years 1966-1969 in India, when hunting was permitted, 480 tigers were shot 386 tanned and dressed tiger and leopard skins were exported, according to official records. Undressed skins weighed 17,179 kg, equal to about 3,635 tigers and leopards. It is likely that many more tigers were actually shot, and others poisoned, but not recorded.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Tiger_hunting_in_India_in_the_1960s.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","177","The price of a tiger","Husain T;","","","4IN;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Husain_-_Price_of_a_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","178","Pulling stops to save spots","Jackson P;","1990  ","","7SW;captive breeding;conservation;extinction;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","765","765","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","November 1990","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1990_Pulling_stops_to_save_spots.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","179","The deerhunter","Shibnev Y;Knystautas A;","1989  ","","7RU;Amur leopard;description;ecology;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;picture;","IN FILE","528","534","BBC Wildlife","","","","7","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","In the remote Soviet Far East the endangered Amur leopard-never before photographed in the wild-is struggling to survive. Yuri Shibnev, with the help of his friend Algirdas Knystautus, tells the story of how one particular leopardess saw her family through last winter.","","","","","","","","Shibnev_&_Knystautas_1989_The_deerhunter.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","180","The Tiger in India in the 1990s","Jackson P;","","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The tiger has been in the forefront of wildlife conservation efforts in the 1990s. Although the threat of extinction became known to the world around 1970, the success of conservation measures in India in the Following two decades led to widespread complacency; the tiger appeared to be safe. The discovery in the early 1990s that poaching and illegal trade in tiger parts were quietly eroding the tiger population in India led to alarm and a renewal of attention to the need to save the tiger from disappearing from the wild.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Tiger_in_India_in_the_1990s.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","181","Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in fishing cat (Felis viverrina)","Prihirunkit K;Salakij C;Apibal S;Narkkong N;","2007  ","","blood cells;cytochemistry;Felis viverrina;fishing cat;hematology;ultrastructure;","IN FILE","163","168","","J Vet Sci ","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Hematological, cytochemical and ultrastructural features of blood cells in fishing cat (Felis viverrina) were evaluated using complete blood cell counts with routine and cytochemical blood stains, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. No statistically significant difference was found in different genders of this animal. Unique features of blood cells in this animal were identified in hematological, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. This study contributes to broaden hematological resources in wildlife animals and provides a guideline for identification of blood cells in the fishing cat.","","","","","","","","Prihirunkit_et_al_2007_Hematology_cytochemistry_and_ultrastructure_of_blood_cells_in_fishing_cats.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","182","The critical status of the South China Tiger - The Case for Urgent Conservation Action","Jackson P;","1988  ","","4CN;captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;poaching;status;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","Cat Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","The South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis is on the very brink of extinction, with fewer than 50 believed to survive. Tigers are reported to survive in some 2,000 km2 in the mountains along the borders of Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces, where habitat is little disturbed and prey populations are said to be plentiful. This area should be the center for conservation efforts in the wild. A specialist should undertake an intensive survey to confirm the existence of tigers and to recommend conservation action. Support should be given for a proposed captive breeding project based at Chongqing, where South China tigers have already bred successfully","","","","","","","","Jackson_1988_Critical_Status_of_the_South_China_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","183","Chinese Tiger Faces Extinction","Jackson P;","","","4BD;4ID;4IN;4MY;4NP;captive breeding;endangered species;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;poaching;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Of the eight recognized sub-species of tiger, three are already extinct. Now the Chinese tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis is on the brink. Chinese specialists attending an International Symposium on Global Survival Strategies for Tigers in April reported that steps were already being taken to establish a captive breeding programmed in Chinese zoos, and made a plea for international assistance. They also reported that the North-east China tiger, P.t. altaica (better know as the Siberian tiger) was also gravely threatened in China. At the symposium leading tiger scientists surveyed the status of tigers in other Asian countries and drew attention to management problems. Advances in captive breeding techniques were also discussed. Peter Jackson, Chairman of the Cat Specialist Group of IUCN's Species Survival Commission reports.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Chinese_Tiger_Faces_Extinction.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","184","The Amur Tiger Breeding Center","Bangjie T;","1992  ","","4CN;breeding;breeding centre;captive breeding;Hengdaohezi Tiger Breeding Center;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1992_Amur_Tiger_Breeding_Center.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","185","A job for the jaguar","Lewis D;","1992  ","","2VE;hunting (by human);Panthera onca;sustainable use;","IN FILE","64","65","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","11","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lewis_1992_A_job_for_the_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","186","Project proposal: Preserving Tigers in the Namcha Barwa Region, Southeastern Tibet - A Research Proposal Submitted to the World Wide Fund for Nature","Qiu M;","1999  ","","4CN;4IN;conservation;Namcha Barwa;Panthera tigris;project;research;Tibet;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Qiu_1999_Preserving_tigers_in_the_Namcha_Barwa_Region.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","187","Project proposal: Preserving tigers in southeast Tibet","Qiu M;","1996  ","","4CN;4IN;conservation;endangered species;habitat;Namcha Barwa;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;project;Tibet;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Qiu_1996_Preserving_tigers_in_southeast_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","188","Two-faced tactic makes tigers think twice","Jackson P;","1989  ","","4IN;conservation;human-predator conflict;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","472","472","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1989_Two-faced_tactic_makes_tigers_think_twice.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","189","The tigers in China - The Relationship between the Tiger and Man","Bangjie T;","1982  ","","4CN;conservation;distribution;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1982_Tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","190","Operation Tiger - Reports on India Bangladesh and Nepal","Mountfort G;","1972  ","","4BD;4BT;4IN;4NP;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mountfort_1972_Operation_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","191","Status and problems of captive tigers in China","Bangjie T;","","","4CN;captive breeding;endangered species;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris corbetti;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_-_Status_and_problems_of_captive_tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","192","The provision of live baits in the tiger reserves under project tiger","Sankhala KS;","1975  ","","4IN;live bait;nature reserve;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;project;Project Tiger;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sankhala_1975_Provision_of_live_baits_in_tiger_reserves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","193","Conservation of Sumatran Tiger (Panther tigris sumatrae) in Indonesia","Ramono WS;Santiapillai C;","1993  ","","4ID;conservation;distribution;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;nature reserve;","IN FILE","44","48","Tiger Paper","","","","20","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ramono_&_Santiapillai_1993_Conservation_of_Sumatran_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","194","Status and Conservation of the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrensis) - A survey of World Wildlife Fund International","Borner M;","1977  ","","4ID;conservation;distribution;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;status;survey;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","World Wildlife Fund International has carried out a two years survey on the Sumatran Tiger. About 1'000 animals of this endangered subspecies are still surviving, scattered over all the Island of Sumatra. The Tiger has found its last stronghold in the lowland forests of Central Sumatra, where selective timber cutting is creating an optimal habitat. Poaching is still frequent, but the Indonesian Nature Conservation Departement is making great efforts to save the Tiger from extinction. A 5'000 km2 large reserve is created in the Riau Province to assure the survival of the Sumatran Tiger.","","","","","","","","Borner_1977_Status_and_Conservation_of_the_Sumatran_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","195","Habitat availability and prospects for tigers in China","Houji L;","","","4CN;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Houji_-_Habitat_availability_and_prospects_for_tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","196","The Forms of the Tiger","Jackson P;","1972  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris balica;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Panthera tigris tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1972_Forms_of_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","197","The present status of Chinese tigers","Bangjie T;","1986  ","the Pub Date is unsure","4CN;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1986_Present_status_of_Chinese_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","198","Training course on the South China Tiger conservation, Yihuang, Jiangxi, PRC - A trip report","Zhang E;","2000  ","","4CN;conservation;Panthera tigris;Yihuang;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zhang_2000_Training_course_on_the_South_China_Tiger_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","199","Tiger's food in Kanha National Park","Panwar HS;","1990  ","","4IN;diet;feeding;hunting behavior;Kanha National Park;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","12","15","WII Newsletter","","","","5","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Panwar_1990_Tigers_food_in_Kanha_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"THES","200","In search of the Chinese Tiger","Elliman T;","1993  ","","4CN;captive breeding;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris tigris;status;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Elliman_1993_Search_of_the_Chinese_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","201","Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora - The tiger","","1996  ","","4KP;4KR;conservation;endangered species;fauna;flora;Panthera tigris;status;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_CITES_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","202","Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora","","1997  ","","4BD;4CN;4HK;4ID;4IN;4JP;4NP;4TH;6NZ;7RU;8BE;8GB;CITES;conservation;endangered species;fauna;flora;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Panthera tigris tigris;trade;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_CITES_tiger2.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","203","Report on conservation of and trade in tigers - Implementation of Resolution Conf.9.13","","1995  ","","4Asia;4CN;4IN;4TH;6NZ;7RU;CITES;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;status;trade;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Resolution Conf.9.13","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Conservation_of_and_trade_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","204","On the fierce tiger","Zhang J;","","","4CN;Panthera tigris;poem;Tang Dynastie;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zhang_-_On_the_fierce_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","205","Latest Information - Panthera tigris amoyensis and altaica","Liu Z;","1988  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","","","Chinese Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Liu_1988_Panthera_tigris_amoyensis_and_altaica.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","206","On the occurrence of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in Iraq","Corkill NL;","1929  ","","5IQ;Acinonyx jubatus;","IN FILE","700","702","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Corkill_1928_Occurrence_of_Cheetah_in_Iraq.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","207","A propos des orang-outans et du tigre","Gersi D;","1975  ","French","4ID;Borneo;public attitude;Kalimantan;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","79","82","","","","","","Dans la jungle de Borneo (Kalimantan)","","","Paris","Coup d'oeil sur le monde","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gersi_1975_A_propos_des_orang_outans_et_du_tigre.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","208","Proposal for the official endorsement of the 'International Studbook for the BLACK-FOOTED CAT, Felis nigripes BURCHELL, 1823'","Faust R;Dmoch R;","1988  ","","captive breeding;captive population;Felis nigripes;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Faust_&_Dmoch_1988_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","209","Wildlife and its conservation in Gujarat state","Rashid MA;","","","4IN;conservation;Gir;Gujarat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Forest Department, Gujarat state","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_-_Wildlife_and_its_conservation_in_Gujarat_state.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","210","Lions outgrow forest, eat neighbours","Jackson P;","1990  ","","4IN;corridor;forest;Gir;attack on human;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","838","838","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","12","","","English","","","","","","","First the good news: the only surviving Asiatic lion population, confined to the Gir forest in western India, has risen to 284 individuals, according to a census in May 1990. This represents a substantial increase in numbers since 1974, when only 180 were counted. The bad news is that the lions, renowned for their lack of aggression towards people, have been involved in about 90 attacks on local people in the last two years, resulting in at least 15 deaths. At the root of the problem lies the shrinkage in lion habitat.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1990_Lions_outgrow_forest_eat_neighbours.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","211","Improved prospects for Asia's last lions","Jackson P;","1982  ","","4IN;cattle;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;wildlife;","IN FILE","19","22","Zimbabwe Wildlife","","","","","","","February 1982","","","English","","","","","","","In 1955 massive over-grazing by domestic cattle was steadily destroying the Gir Forest in the Kathiawar peninsula of India, north of Bombay, the last refuge of the Asiatic lion. 'At present rate of attrition the Gir should only last another 20 years, during which there will be more and more contact and conflict between man and lions', wrote a young Californian ecologist who visited the forest at that reduction in livestock grazing and an urgent ecological study to determine the right balance between livestock, forest growth and wildlife. Only then, he declared, could positive management be implemented to ensure the future of lions.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1982_Improved_prospects_for_Asias_last_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","212","Testimony on H.R. 3113, the Reauthorization of the Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act of 1994 amd H.R. 2807, the Rhino and Tiger Product Labeling Act","Babbitt B;","1998  ","","3US;Act;CITES;conservation;Diceros bicornis;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Rhinoceros sp.;trade;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In summary, the Administration is strongly in favor of the adoption ofH.R. 2807, with some technical amendments. It will help to ensure that commercial trade in rhino and tiger medicines in the United States does not undermine the benefits to range countries from Congressional appropriations to the Rhino and Tiger Conservation Fund and compound the cost of conserving these species in the wild. Passage ofH.R. 2807 would complement and enhance our ongoing conservation efforts under the Rhino and Tiger Conservation Act, the Pelly Amendment, CITES, and other domestic and international measures. We believe that the Rhino and Tiger Product Labeling Act will help continue the global leadership role of the United States in rhino and tiger conservation.","","","","","","","","Babbitt_1998_Testimony_on_Rhino_and_Tiger_Conservation_Act.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","213","Project: Ecological Status and Conservation of Tigers in India - Annual Report (Feb 1995 to Jan 1996)","Karanth KU;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;ecology;Panthera tigris;project;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1996_Status_and_Conservation_of_Tigers_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","214","Sampling tiger ungulate prey by the distance method: lessons learned in Bardia National Park, Nepal","Wegge P;Storaas T;","2009  ","","4NP;census methods;chital;hog deer;line transects;Panthera tigris;tiger;transect;ungulate density;","IN FILE","78","84","Animal Conservation","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Because tiger Panthera tigris numbers are regulated by their prey base, prey abundance needs to monitored and estimated reliably. Recently, distance sampling has been adopted as the most appropriate method and is now becoming the standard monitoring protocol in all tiger range countries in south Asia. However, the accuracy of the density estimates generated by this method has not been assessed. From total counts within habitat blocks, we obtained accurate density estimates of ungulates within three main habitats in Bardia National Park, Nepal. We then applied the distance sampling method in the same habitats and compared the results. Distance sampling on foot in dense habitats (riverine forest and tallgrass floodplain) violated method assumptions, and sampling from vehicle along roads gave biased estimates. Sampling from elephant back worked well in all habitat types, but owing to their behaviour, the density of barking deer Muntiacus muntjak was underestimated. The accuracy of the estimates varied with sampling effort; for the very abundant chital deer Axis axis, estimates varied markedly at o200 animal observations, but converged at larger sample sizes to a similar point estimate as intensive block counts when approaching 300 observations. For the less abundant species, witho20 observations along 4100km of transect lines, the confidence intervals were quite high, and, hence, of limited value for detecting short-term populations trends. It is therefore difficult to obtain accurate density estimates of rare species by the distance method. In areas consisting of dense habitats, we recommend that the food base of tiger be estimated by distance sampling from elephant back, not on foot, directed at the main and most abundant prey species. For rare species, encounter rates obtained simultaneously may then serve as indices of relative abundances.","","","","","","","","Wegge_&_Storaas_2009_Sampling_tiger_ungulate_prey_by_the_distance_method.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","215","Karnataka Tiger Conservation Project","Karanth KU;","1998  ","","4IN;Bandipur;Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary;conservation;Karnataka;Kudremukh;Nagarahole;Panthera tigris;project;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1998_Karnataka_Tiger_Conservation_Project.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","216","Chinese Breeding Centre for Felidae","Jackson P;","1992  ","","4CN;breeding;breeding centre;captive breeding;Felidae;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The following summary has been condensed from the proposal for registration of a Breeding Centre for Felidae prepared by the Chinese authorities for the CITES Conference of the Parties in Japan in March 1992, and a paper on plans for future reintroduction in the wild by the director of the farm, Liu Xin Chen, delivered at a meeting of international and Chinese cat specialists in Beijing in August 1992.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1992_Chinese_Breeding_Center_for_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","217","An outline strategy for the conservation of the tiger (panthera tigris) in southern Indonesia","Ashby KR;Santiapillai C;","","","4ID;Bali;conservation;conservation strategy;Java;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ashby_&_Santiapillai_-_Conservation_strategy_for_tiger_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","218","First progress report: Operation tiger","Angst W;","1979  ","","4ID;Java;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Angst_1979_First_progress_report_Operation_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","219","Assessment of the need for and feasibility of reintroduction of tigers (panthera tigris ssp) to Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Myanmar","Christie S;","2001  ","","4BU;Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park;camera trap;Panthera tigris;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Christie_2001_Reintroduction_of_tigers_in_Myanmar.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","220","The status of tigers in Indonesia","MacKinnon J;","1983  ","","4ID;Bali;Java;Panthera tigris;status;Sumatra;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","MacKinnon_1983_Status_of_tigers_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","221","Protocol on the Conservation of the Tiger between The Government of the Republic of India and The Government of the People's Republic of China","","1995  ","","4CN;4IN;Act;agreement;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;legislation;Panthera tigris;poaching;tiger;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Agreement between India and China to conserve tiger populations in the wild and end illegal trade in tiger parts as well as captive breeding of tigers for consumption. This agreement was officially signed on March 2 in 1995.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Indo-Chinese_protocol_for_tiger_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","222","Fish and wildlife service implementation strategy for educational component of tiger/rhino plan","Frampton GT;Beattie M;","1995  ","","public attitude;legislation;Panthera tigris;public education;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frampton_&_Beattie_1995_Strategy_for_Educational_Component_of_Tiger-Rhino_plan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","223","All kinds of lions","Qingxi L;","1986  ","","4CN;culture;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","32","38","China Reconstructs","","","","","","","February 1986","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Qingxi_1986_All_kinds_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","224","Tigers! A front-end evaluation","Korn R;Ades S;","1995  ","","conservation;public attitude;Panthera tigris;questionnaire;","IN FILE","1","38","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Korn_&_Ades_1995_Tigers_-_Front-end_evaluation.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","225","A note on the status of tiger conservation in the year 1999","Jackson P;","1999  ","","conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1999_Note_on_the_status_of_tiger_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","226","Improbably, the Tiger Survives","Angier N;","","","conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Angier_-_Improbably_the_tiger_survives.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","227","Tiger's future","Jackson P;","1999  ","","Panthera tigris;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1999_Tigers_future.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","228","Saving the tiger","Raheja NM;","1997  ","Pub Date unsure","action plan;conservation;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Raheja_1997_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","229","In the Supreme Court of India: Tiger Conservation","Raheja NM;","1997  ","","4IN;conservation;legislation;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Raheja_1997_In_the_Supreme_Court_of_India_-_Tiger_Conservation.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","230","Tigers in Nepal and Bhutan","McDougal CW;","1997  ","","4BT;4NP;Panthera tigris;population size;status;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1997_Tigers_in_Nepal_and_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","231","A brief report on the tiger counts at Parsa Wildlife Reserve and Royal Bardia National Park","McDougal CW;","1996  ","","4NP;Bardia National Park;Panthera tigris;Parsa Wildlife Reserve;population size;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1996_Tiger_Counts_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","232","Tiger Count 1996 - Royal Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve","McDougal CW;Gurung S;Gurung R;","1997  ","","4NP;Panthera tigris;population size;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_et_al_1997_Tiger_Count_1996.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","233","Tiger, tiger burning bright?","Shoemaker AH;","1986  ","","4IN;captive breeding;copyright;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","377","383","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1986_Tiger_tiger_burning_bright.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","234","An informal report on tigers in Indian zoos","","1993  ","","4IN;albinism;captive breeding;copyright;Panthera tigris;zoo;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Tigers_in_Indian_zoos.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","235","Breeding of white tiger (Panthera tigris) at Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa","Patnaik SK;Acharjyo LN;","","","albinism;breeding;captive breeding;coloration;Nandankanan Biological Park;Orissa;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patnaik_&_Acharjyo_-_Breeding_of_white_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","236","Man-eaters - A geographical and historical perspective","McDougal CW;","1993  ","","45Asia;4IN;4NP;4TH;4VN;5IR;human-predator conflict;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","10","16","Hornbill","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1993_Man-eaters.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","237","Black tiger skin in Simlipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa","Menon V;","1997  ","","4IN;coat pattern;coloration;melanism;Orissa;Panthera tigris;skin;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Menon_1997_Black_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","238","Far from a cure: The tiger trade revisited","Nowell K;","","","extinction;Panthera tigris;survey;trade;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","TRAFFIC","English","","","","","TRAFFIC species in danger report","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_-_The_tiger_trade_revisited.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","239","A complete census of Siberian (Amur) tigers, in the Russian far east","Miquelle DG;Pikunov DG;Duishenko UF;Smirnov EN;Nikolaev IG;Salkina GP;Abramov VK;","","","7RU;population size;copyright;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_et_al_-_Census_of_Amur_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","240","Draining the gene pool - Animals that appear to be thriving may be facing genetic trouble","Wolkomir R;","1983  ","","extinction;genetic variation;genetics;population genetics;","IN FILE","25","28","National Wildlife","","","","21","","","October - November","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wolkomir_1983_Draining_the_gene_pool.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","241","Distribucion y estado actual del gato andino (Oreailurus jacobita) en Bolivia","Villalba L;Bernal N;","","","2BO;distribution;ecology;Oreailurus jacobitus;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","La Paz","Museo National de Historia Natural","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Villalba_&_Bernal_-_Distribution_y_estado_actual_del_gato_andino_en_Bolivia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","242","On the Colours, weakening of colours, lessening of stripes and brightening of colours in the tiger, Panthera tigris","Schroeter W;","1980  ","English translation (unpublished) of RefID 382","albinism;coat pattern;coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","1","7","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","29","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schroeter_1980_Coat_coloration_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","243","1996 Tiger's Information in Vietnam","Bao TQ;Tran QB;","1997  ","incl. map","4VN;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bao_&_Tran_1997_Tigers_information_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","244","Molecular and biochemical evolution of the Carnivora","Wayne RK;Benveniste RE;Janczewski DN;O'Brien SJ;","1989  ","","Canidae;Carnivora;evolution;Felidae;molecular method;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Carnivore Behavior, Ecology and Evolution","Gittleman JL;","17","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wayne_et_al_1989_Molecular_and_biochemical_evolution_of_the_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","245","Thailand's tiger economy","Banks D;Doherty F;","2001  ","","4TH;CITES;economy;Panthera tigris;trade;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","Currey D;","","","EIA","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Banks_&_Doherty_2001_Thailands_tiger_economy.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","246","Precision of population viability analysis","Ellner SP;Fieberg J;Ludwig D;Wilcox C;","2002  ","","extinction;model;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","258","261","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ellner_et_al_2002_Precision_of_population_viability_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","247","Proposal for field survey of the Chinese tiger together with Leopard and Clouded Leopard in Southern China","Houji L;","1989  ","","Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Houji_1989_Survey_of_the_Chinese_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","248","Proposal to Initiate Project Tiger - Thailand","Rabinowitz AR;","1991  ","","4TH;Panthera tigris;project;Project Tiger;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1991_Proposal_to_Initiate_Project_Tiger_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","249","Tiger stories","Mezentsev D;","","","Panthera tigris;story;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mezentsev_-_Tiger_stories.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","250","Securing a future for the world's wild tigers - Executive sumary - Year of the Tiger Conference","","2000  ","","conservation;future;human impact;management;maneater;Panthera tigris;research;year of the tiger;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","Tilson R;Nyhus P;Jackson P;Quigley HB;Hornocker MG;Ginsberg JR;Phemister D;Sherman N;Seidensticker J;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Exective_Summary_Year_of_the_Tiger_Conference.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","251","Effects of war and civil strife on wildlife and wildlife habitats","Dudley JP;Ginsberg JR;Plumptre AJ;Hart JA;Campos LC;","2002  ","","conservation;habitat;war;wildlife;human density;","IN FILE","319","329","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dudley_et_al_2002_Conservation_and_conflict.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","252","The status of tiger population, preybase and habitat in Manas Tiger Reserve","Singh SP;","1999  ","","4IN;habitat;livestock damage;Manas Tiger Reserve;maneater;Panthera tigris;population size;prey density;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1999_Manas_Tiger_Reserve_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","253","Tiger Notes from Nepal","Weirum BK;","1995  ","","4NP;Panthera tigris;poaching;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Weirum_1995_Tiger_notes_from_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","254","Gene-blues for the cheetah","","1985  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;extinction;genetic variation;Major Histocompatibility Complex;","IN FILE","21","21","New Scientist","","","","","","","16 May 1985","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1985_Gene-blues_for_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","255","The Burmese tiger","Tun Y;","1976  ","","4BU;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;status;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tun_1976_Burmese_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","256","Assessment of the status of tigers in The Kingdom of Nepal","McDougal CW;","1997  ","","4NP;Panthera tigris;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1997_Status_of_tigers_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","257","Status of the Tiger in Nepal at the close of 1993","McDougal CW;","1993  ","","4NP;habitat;Panthera tigris;poaching;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1993_Tiger_Status_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","258","More Tiger/Man conflict at Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park: An unusually aggressive tiger","McDougal CW;","","","4NP;Chitwan;conflict;human-predator conflict;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_-_Tiger-man_conflict_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","259","The socio-ecology of re-introduced lions in small reserves: comparisons with established populations and the implications for management in enclosed conservation areas - Preliminary project report","Hunter L;","1999  ","","1ZA;conservation;management;Panthera leo;population;project;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","Durban","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_1999_Socio-ecology_of_reinroduced_lions_in_small_reserves.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","260","Genetics for wildlife conservation","Cohn JP;","1990  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;chromosome analysis;conservation;genetic variation;genetics;mitochondrial DNA;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","167","171","BioScience","","","","40","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cohn_1990_Genetics_for_wildlife_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","261","Problems of Inbreeding in Tiger and Leopard Population in the Korea, Russia and China","Lim SN;","2000  ","Pub Date unsure; Quality not very good; name unsure (1 Author!)","4CN;4KR;7RU;inbreeding;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;population;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nam_2000_Inbreeding_in_tiger_and_leopard_population.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","262","Conservation of Africa's cats: problems and opportunities","Myers N;","1984  ","","1Afr;1KE;Acinonyx jubatus;cats;conservation;human dimension;livestock;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;prey;strategy;cat;biology;management;","IN FILE","437","446","","","","","","Cats of the World: Biology, Conservation, and Management","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington, D.C.","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","Africa's large cats, lion, leopard and cheetah, are losing numbers at accelerating rates. The attrition is due to 3 inter-related factors, i.e. loss of prey, loss of living space, and conflict with livestock raisers. The cheetah now features by far the lowest numbers (as has always been the  case), and its relict populations continue to decline at ever-faster rates. The lion is in the process of being eliminated from many wildlands outside parks and reserves and is quickly becoming reduced to isolated populations. The leopard fares best, though its total stocks and overall range have declined drastically and unnecessarily for the most part. Small cats run into far less conflict with human activities, and they tend to be more covert and nocturnal. In certain circumstances the may even benefit from man's presence. In light of these circumstances, we need to develop a realistic and systematic strategy for conservation of Africa's large cats. This will include a methodical appraisal of priorities i.e. conservation initiatives that are likely to yield the best return per conservation dollar invested; and increased commercialization of the wildlife resources represented by the 3 large cats, provided that expanded exploitation through sport hunting can be practiced in sustainable fashion and best serves the needs of conservation.","","","","","","","","Myers_1984_Conservation_of_Africas_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","263","A case of spongiform encephalopathy in a cheetah","","","","6AU;8GB;Acinonyx jubatus;spongiform encephalopathy;zoo;","IN FILE","8","9","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_A_case_of_SE_in_a_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","264","Tracking the snow cat of ice mountain","Maier F;","1998  ","","4KG;ecology;tracking;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","36","43","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","May/June 1998","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maier_1998_Tracking_the_snow_cat_of_ice_mountain.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","265","Asia - Project 669 tiger : study of the man-eater problem in the Sundarbans","Hendrichs H;","1972  ","","4IN;ecology;maneater;Panthera tigris;project;Sundarban;WWF;","IN FILE","109","115","","","","","","WWF Yearbook 1971 - 1972","Jackson P;","","","WWF","English","","","","","","","The objects of the survey were: 1. to obtain a general picture of the ecology of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, 2. to study the occurrence of mankilling by tigers and to analyse the problem, 3. to find a way to conserve the tiger in the area with the human utilisation of the forest.","","","","","","","","Hendrichs_1972_Study_of_the_maneater_problem_in_the_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","266","Man-eating. The deadly encounter between people and tigers/leopards in Indonesia, 1600 - 1950","Boomgaard P;","1994  ","","4ID;copyright;maneater;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boomgaard_1994_Man-eaters_in_Indonesia_1600_-_1950.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","267","Final Report: Management of Large Mammals","Griffiths M;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Rhinoceros sp.;","IN FILE","1","58","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Griffiths_1993_Management_of_Large_Mammals.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","268","Petition: Suggestions for Protection of Tigers from members of Steering Committee for urgent orders","Raheja NM;","2000  ","","conservation;legislation;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Raheja_2000_Suggestions_for_Protection_of_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","269","Analyzing camera trap data with PRESENCE","Meredith M;","2008  ","Camera trap data for Golden Cats","4MY;analysis;camera trap;camera-trapping;Catopuma temmincki;golden cat;occupancy;presence;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","From December 1997 to October 1999, a major camera trapping survey was carried out at 9 sites in Peninsular Malaysia. The main purpose of the survey was to ascertain the status of tigers, but of course the camera traps picked up many other species. In this unit we will look at the camera trap results for golden cats (Catopuma temminckii), and see if there is a difference in occupancy for different habitats.","","","","","","","","Meredith_2008_Analyzing_camera_trap_data_for_Golden_cats_with_PRESENCE.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","270","Estimates of Past World Tiger Populations","Jackson P;","","","Panthera tigris;population;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Estimates_of_past_world_tiger_populations.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","271","The Siberian tiger and Amur leopard: A research and conservation prospectusfor the Primorye Kray, Russia","Hornocker MG;Quigley HB;","1993  ","","7RU;Amur leopard;Amur tiger;conservation;ecology;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Primorye;research;status;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Project proposal for research on tiger and leopard ecology in Primorye Kray, submitted to the Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute. The objectives of the project are 1) obtain scientific information on tigers/leopards 2) compare this information to the data gathered in Sikhote-Alin Reserve 3) apply information to the creation of a conservation program for tigers/leopards in the wild.","","","","","","","","Hornocker_&_Quigley_1993_Amur_tiger_and_leopard_project_proposal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","272","Plan for research: Ecology and conservation of the Siberian Tiger","Hornocker MG;","1992  ","plan for research","conservation;ecology;monitoring;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;research;status;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornocker_1992_Ecology_and_conservation_of_the_Siberian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","273","Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaika) present situation and prespectives for preservation of its population in the Soviet far east","Pikunov DG;","1988  ","","7RU;conservation;distribution;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;population dynamics;population size;status;","IN FILE","175","184","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_1988_Present_situation_of_the_Amur_Tiger_1988.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","274","How poaching affects tiger populations","Jackson P;","","","Panthera tigris;poaching;population;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_How_poaching_affects_tiger_populations.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","275","Project proposal: Peaceful coexistence of tiger with man in Primorye","Salkina GP;","1999  ","","7RU;livestock damage;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;predator-human conflict;Primorye;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Salkina_1999_Peaceful_coexistence_of_tiger_and_man_in_Primorye.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","276","A Pilot Project for Management of Tiger Habitat in the Russian Far East","Miquelle DG;","1997  ","","7RU;habitat;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_1997_Pilot_Project_for_Management_of_Tiger_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","277","Conservation of Siberian Tiger and its habitat","Schwede G;Dinerstein E;Olson D;","1992  ","","conservation;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;project;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schwede_et_al_1992_Conservation_of_Siberian_Tiger_and_its_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","278","Report on a visit to Ru Yang Forestry Bureau and Ba Bao Shan Reserve, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, July 1987","Melville DS;","1988  ","","4CN;Ba Bao Shan Reserve;biodiversity;forest;Guangdong;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Melville_1988_Ba_Bao_Shan_Reserve_Guangdong.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","279","Final Project Report: Survey of remaining wild population of South China Tigers","Koehler GM;","1991 Feb 28 ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;population;project;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","WWF (Project 4515 / China)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koehler_1991_Remaining_wild_population_of_South_China_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","280","Camera trapping survey of Javan tiger and other wild animals in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1994  ","","4ID;camera trap;copyright;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;survey;trapping;","IN FILE","1","43","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1994_Camera_trapping_survey_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","281","Javan Tiger Survey - Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;monitoring;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1993_Javan_Tiger_Survey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","282","Work plan for Javan Tiger Project, Meru Beriti National Park, 1993","Griffiths M;Deschamps U;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Griffiths_&_Deschamps_1993_Work_plan_for_Javan_Tiger_Project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","283","Report on preliminary survey to Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1992  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;sighting;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1992_Preliminary_survey_to_Meru_Betiri_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","284","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1993_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park1.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","285","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1993_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","286","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1993_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park3.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","287","Photo Resulted During Javan Tiger Photo-trap Survey form March - December 1993 in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1993  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1993_Phototrap_survey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","288","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1994  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1994_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park4.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","289","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1994  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;sign;","IN FILE","","","","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1994_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park5.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","290","Javan tiger in Meru Betiri National Park","Rafiastanto A;","1994  ","","4ID;camera trap;Java;Meru Beriti National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","13","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rafiastanto_1994_Javan_tiger_in_Meru_Betiri_National_Park6.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","291","Sumatran Tiger: Population and habitat viability analysis workshop Padang, West Sumatra, 1992","Tilson RL;Soemarna K;Ramono WS;Lusli S;Traylor-Holzer K;Seal US;","1992  ","Full version available","4ID;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;population;Population Viability Analysis;Sumatra;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Indonesian Forest Protection and Nature Conservation PHPA & IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1992_Sumatran_tiger_PHVA_workshop_summary.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","292","A Research proposal: Conservation Biology of Wild Sumtran Tigers in South Sumatra","Tilson RL;","1994  ","","4ID;biology;conservation;monitoring;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;research;Sumatra;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_1994_Conservation_Biology_of_Sumatran_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","293","Summary report on Sumatran Tiger regional captive breeding workshop Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor, Java, 17 - 19 November 1992","Tilson RL;Brady G;","1992  ","","4ID;breeding;captive breeding;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_&_Brady_1992_Captive_breeding_workshop_Taman_Safari_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","294","Marbled cat - Current status","Ha DD;","1991  ","","4VN;Pardofelis marmorata;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duc_1991_Marbled_cat_-_Current_status.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","295","The Clouded leopard in Manipur and Nagaland, India","Choudhury A;","1997  ","Manuscript, later published, see 4916","4IN;habitat;Manipur;Nagaland;Neofelis nebulosa;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Choudhury_1997_Clouded_Leopard_in_Manipur_and_Nagaland_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","296","Sankosh Hydro-Electric Project - A preliminary report of its environmental impact","","1996  ","","4IN;construction project;corridor;environmental impact;project;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Sankosh_hydro-electric_Project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","297","Chromosome identification of the Flat-headed cat","Centerwall WR;Wurster-Hill DH;Maruska EJ;Theobald JA;","","","chromosome analysis;genetics;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","There are 38 recognized species of felines in the world. With successful chromosome analysis of the flat-headed cat (Felis planiceps or Prionailurus planiceps) from the secluded river banks and lower mountain slopes of the jungles of Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra, there remain only five rare and endangered species yet unstudied. Although some, including the flat-headed cat, have somewhat destinctive chromosome configurations, all cats thus far karyotyped, show 38-chromosome counts excepting five new world 'tropicals' which have 36. A pattern of probable feline mutations can be read from the chromosome variations in the different species.","","","","","","","","Centerwall_et_al_-_Chromosome_identification_of_the_flat-headed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","298","The Rusty-spotted cat in Gir wildlife sanctuary","Johnsingh AJT;Chellam R;","1990  ","","4IN;Gir;Prionailurus rubiginosa;telemetry;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Chellam_1990_Rusty-spotted_cat_in_Gir_Wildlife_Sanctuary.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","299","Update on the trade in tiger parts","WPSI;","1999  ","","4IN;4JP;anti-poaching;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WPSI_1999_Update_on_the_trade_in_tiger_parts.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","300","Bobcat (Felis rufus) - Current status","","1990  ","Pub Date unsure","2MX;3CA;3US;bobcat;conservation;distribution;ecology;feeding behavior;habitat;hunting;life history;Lynx rufus;mortality;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This document provides information about life history and ecology of the bobcat throughout its range and summarizes its status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken so far.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Bobcat_-_Current_status.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","301","Radiotracking on the wildcat in Switzerland","Liberek M;","1998  ","Pub Date unsure","8CH;Felis silvestris;habitat;telemetry;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Liberek_1998_Radiotracking_on_the_wildcat_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","302","The wild cat (Felis silvestris tristrami) in Israel","Mendelssohn H;","","","8IL;distribution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris tristrami;hybridization;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mendelssohn_-_Wild_Cat_in_Israel.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","303","Report on the pilot survey on the status and distribution of Fishing cat (Felis viverina) in the Howrah District of West Bengal","Bhattacharyya T;","1988  ","","4IN;Bengal;distribution;Prionailurus viverrina;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1988_Status_and_distribution_of_fishing_cat_in_West_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","304","A report on the short field survey on the status and distribution of Fishing cat in Howrah District of West Bengal","Bhattacharyya T;","1988  ","","4IN;Bengal;distribution;hunting behavior;Prionailurus viverrina;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1988_Survey_of_fishing_cat_in_West_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","305","The mysterious Jaguarundi","Vaughan C;","1991  ","","2CR;3BZ;endangered species;feeding behavior;habitat;Herpailurus yaguarondi;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vaughan_1991_Mysterious_Jaguarundi.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","306","Health Assessments of Wild Pallas' Cats in Mongolia: Implications for Species Conservation","Brown M;","","","4MN;captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brown_-_Wild_Pallas_cats_in_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","307","Feline panorama: The Afro-Malagasy Region","Kornegay FA;","","","1Afr;4MY;Acinonyx jubatus;endangered species;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","3","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kornegay_-_Feline_panorama_-_Afro-Malagasy_Region.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","308","Cat Vocalisations","Leyhausen P;Tonkin B;Peters G;","","","Felidae;vocalisation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_et_al_-_Cat_Vocalisations.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","309","Ocelot (Felis pardalis) - Current status, 1988","","1988  ","","distribution;Leopardus pardalis;population;status;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Ocelot_-_Current_status.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","310","Tiger poaching statistics of India - January 1994 to September 1996","WPSI;","1996  ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;poaching;statistic;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WPSI_1996_Tiger_poaching_statistics_of_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","311","The ecology of the Ocelot: The importance of incorporating life history traits into conservation plans","Sunquist ME;","1991  ","","2VE;conservation;ecology;habitat;history;home range;Leopardus pardalis;life history;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1991_Ecology_of_the_Ocelot.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","312","Report on four years of fieldresearch in Kimberley, South Africa","Sliwa A;","1997  ","","1ZA;blood chemistry;box trap;breeding;conservation;denning behavior;Felis nigripes;home range;hunting behavior;Kimberley;spatial use;status;trap;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1997_Fieldresearch_in_Kimberley_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","313","Advances in the wildlife sciences in India","Berwick S;","1990  ","","4IN;forest;harvest;history;maneater;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berwick_1990_Advances_in_the_wildlife_sciences_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","314","Livestock grazing in India's National Parks","Shankhala K;","","","4IN;cattle;grazing;livestock;National Park;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","41","46","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shankhala_-_Livestock_grazing_in_Indias_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","315","Felis manul Manul, Pallas's cat","","","","4Asia;distribution;ecology;habitat;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Pallas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","316","New Threat to Iriomote Cat","","1998  ","","4JP;endangered species;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_New_Threat_to_Iriomote_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","317","Felids in Israel","Mendelssohn H;","","","8IL;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;distribution;Felidae;Felis chaus;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mendelssohn_-_Felids_in_Israel.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","318","Ecology of diseases of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Great Britain","McOrist S;","","","8GB;disease;ecology;Felis silvestris;hybridization;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McOrist_-_Ecology_of_diseases_of_the_European_wildcat_in_GB.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","319","Current status in Vietnam, 1991","Duc HD;","1991  ","","4VN;Catopuma temmincki;distribution;Felis chaus;Neofelis nebulosa;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus viverrina;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duc_1991_Current_status_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","320","Current status of Oncifelis in Chile, 1991","Gonzales G;","1991  ","","2CL;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Oncifelis guigna;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gonzales_1991_Current_status_of_Oncifelis_in_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","321","Pampas cat","","1984  ","","2SAm;distribution;endangered species;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1984_Pampas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","322","Geoffroy's cat","","1984  ","","2SAm;captive breeding;distribution;habitat;Oncifelis geoffroyi;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1984_Geoffroys_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","323","The status and conservation of Wild cats","Jackson P;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;Felis silvestris;habitat;human-predator conflict;lesser cat;Panthera leo;Panthera onca;Panthera tigris;status;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The general priorities for conservation of the wild cats are clear: 1. Preservation of habitat and prey species, and 2. Strict control of trade in cat products. Our experience in preparing the Cat Action Plan has emphasized how little is known of the status of almost all wild cats. Their secretive nature makes them difficult to study. Nevertheless, much has been achieved in recent years, and we hope that the action plan will stimulate more fieldwork, because more knowledge of status, range and habitat requirements is vital to successful conservation. It has to be recognized that some big cats may become a problem in livestock areas. But better management of livestock would certainly reduce the toll. Our task is to persuade ranchers to take the necessary steps. Success in conserving the big cats means that biodiversity within their large ranges will also be preserved, because they are at the top of food chains, and their prey and associated species must survive in their natural habitat.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Status_and_conservation_of_Wild_cats.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","324","Cats - A description of the family Felidae with prticular reference to those species found at Brookfield Zoo","Joslin P;","","","Brookfield Zoo;Felidae;hunting behavior;status;zoo;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_-_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","325","Scaling of mammalian long bones: small and large mammals compared","Christiansen P;","1999  ","","adaptations;allometry;Artiodactyla;body mass;body size;bone;Carnivora;comparative;Felidae;locomotion;Mammalia;model;morphology;skeleton;","IN FILE","333","348","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","247","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Long bones from a taxonomically diverse assemblage of extant terrestrial mammals, spanning more than three orders of magnitude in body mass, have been measured in order to evaluate earlier models proposed for limb allometry as a means of physically coping with increased body size in large species. Linear regression models are unable to explain long bone scaling across a large size range of mammals, as differential scaling is present in large and small species and smaller species tend to approach geometric similarity to a considerably greater extent than larger species. Attempting to explain the morphology of the appendicular skeleton across the large size range of terrestrial Mammalia by means of a standard power function will probably inevitably lead to oversimpliÆcation, concealing underlying adaptations for coping with increased size. These include differences in limb posture, decrease in locomotory potential and greater duty factors during fast locomotion in large animals compared to anatomically similar smaller forms, and differential scaling of the appendicular skeleton in small and large mammals.","","","","","","","","Christiansen_1999_Scaling_of_mammalian_long_bones.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","326","Tiger numbers and habitat evaluation in Indonesia","Santiapillai C;Ramono WS;","","","4ID;habitat;habitat analysis;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;threat;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_&_Ramono_-_Tiger_numbers_and_habitat_evaluation_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","327","Ecology and conservation of large felids in Indiain: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Present Trends and Perspectives for the 21th Century","Johnsingh AJT;Panwar HS;Rodgers WA;","1990  ","","4IN;conservation;ecology;Felidae;home range;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Panthera tigris;population dynamics;nature reserve;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","160","165","","","","","","","Maruyama;et al.;","","","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_et_al_1990_Large_felids_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","328","Transfer of Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis bengalensis from Appendix 1 to Appendix 2","Johnsingh AJT;Rabinowitz AR;Quy V;Vo Q;","","","CITES;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;","IN FILE","79","80","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_et_al_-_CITES_Felis_bengalensis_bengalensis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","329","Tiger Trapping with Cameras in Sumatra","","1998  ","Pub Date unsure","4ID;camera trap;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Sumatra;trapping;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Tiger_trapping_with_cameras_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","330","An annual breeding events of the female Iriomote cats Felis iriomotensis","Izawa M;","1999  ","","4JP;breeding;Iriomote;monitoring;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Iriomote cat, Felis irimotensis, is small felid endemic to Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. Recently, some ecological aspects and an outline of social system on the species have been studied, however, the breeding habits of the female cat which were considered as fundamental and important constituents for elucidation of the mating system have little known both in captive and the field. The aims of this study are to make an estimation of breeding events of the female cat by the frequency of urine marking and breeding behavior of mother cat in the field study. Furthermore, we examined previous record related to breeding, and estimated delivery season from the age estimation of kitten by calculating an ideal growth curve based on by tooth eruption and body weight. A provisional breeding events of the female Iriomote cat is as follows. Most of females mate in March - April. After about 60 days of gestation period they deliver kitten in May - June. Maternal care go on by the independence of the kittens in age of four months. A remarkable feature of the breeding activity of the female Iriomote cat is that they do not show a narrow seasonality of breeding, although a small peak is recognized.","","","","","","","","Izawa_1999_Annual_breeding_events_of_the_female_Iriomote_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","331","When cheetahs are kings","Lindburg D;","1989  ","","1BW;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;coat pattern;melanism;mutations;pedigree analysis;","IN FILE","5","10","Zoonooz","","","","","","","March 1989","","San Diego Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lindburg_1989_When_cheetahs_are_kings.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","332","A coprological survey of parasites of wild neotropical Felidae","Patton S;Rabinowitz AR;Randolph S;Strawbridge-Johnson S;","1986  ","","copyright;Felidae;parasite;survey;","IN FILE","517","520","","","Journal of Parasitology","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patton_et_al_1986_Parasites_of_Neotropical_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","333","Big cat returns from the dead","Ingham J;","2000 Nov 5 ","","8TR;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;sign;","IN FILE","","","Daily Express","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","High in Turkey's Cudi Mountains could lie a secret which will stun scientists: the return from the dead of a lost species. Local hunters say they have seen Caspian tigers along the border with Iraq. Yet the species was supposed to have become extinct when the last one was shot in 1970. An expedition is to be launched next year to try find the tigers the world forgot.","","","","","","","","Ingham_2000_Big_cat_returns_from_the_dead.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","334","Jenny and Ducan end tiger hunt","Lewis C;","1988 Apr 27 ","","Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lewis_1988_Jenny_and_Ducan_end_tiger_hunt.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","335","Marksmen put on alert after tiger sightings","Rosser N;","1988 Apr 25 ","","Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rosser_1988_Marksmen_put_on_alert_after_tiger_sightings.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","336","Hunt is on for Tin Fu's tiger","Gullifer B;","1983 Mar 27 ","","4HK;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gullifer_1983_Hunt_is_on_for_Tin_Fus_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","337","Trans-Pacific tiger project","","1982 Sep 26 ","","4CN;captive breeding;genetic variation;Panthera tigris;project;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1982_Trans-Pacific_tiger_project.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","338","Poachers are killing off the Siberian tiger","Scott C;","1993 Jan 29 ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","Moscow Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Scott_1993_Poachers_are_killing_off_the_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","339","Open borders bring perial for rare tiger","Bernton H;","1993 Jan 3 ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Washington Post","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bernton_1993_Open_borders_bring_perial_for_rare_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","340","Unusual Sponsor for Rare Tigers","Dobson C;","1995 May 7 ","","4KP;7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dobson_1995_Unusual_Sponsor_for_Rare_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","341","Future bright for the tiger","Bone J;","1999 Oct 16 ","","distribution;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;","IN FILE","","","Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bone_1999_Future_bright_for_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","342","Tigers surge back from the brink","Robbins T;","1999 Oct 24 ","","distribution;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robbins_1999_Tigers_surge_back_from_the_brink.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","343","White tiger stalks the zoo","Keyser L;","","","captive breeding;Panthera tigris;white tiger;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Keyser_-_White_tiger_stalks_the_zoo.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","344","A brighter future for the tiger","Bertram BCR;","1986 Aug 7 ","","captive breeding;conservation;ecology;maneater;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","30","33","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertram_1986_A_brighter_future_for_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","345","Can Tigers Coexist with Humans? An interview by Peter Jackson with Dr. David Smith","Jackson P;","1983 Nov ","","public attitude;human-predator conflict;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","681","684","WWF Monthly Report","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The setting up of tiger reserves has been successful in stabilising and even increasing tiger numbers in India and Nepal. But where human settlements and cultivation are close to park borders, problems arise if young tigers in search of new territory move out of the reserves and begin cattle-lifting, or even man-eating. In an interview with Peter Jackson, Dr James L. David Smith, a wildlife biologist who has been studying tigers in Nepal (see WWF Monthly Report, May 1982), suggests ways in which conflict between tigers and humans can be minimized.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1983_Can_Tigers_Coexist_with_Humans.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","346","Life of a Tigress","Seidensticker J;","1988  Jan - Feb","","denning behavior;ecology;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Zoogoer","","","","","","","","Washington,D.C.","Friends of National Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1988_Live_of_a_Tigress.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","347","The territory marking behaviour of a tiger (Panthera tigris)","Tehsin RH;Nathawat JS;","1992  ","","behavior;Panthera tigris;territory marking;urine marking;","IN FILE","7","7","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tehsin_&_Nathawat_1992_Territory_marking_behaviour_of_a_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","348","Tiger kills","Rathore FS;Sankar K;","1992  ","","4IN;intraguild predation;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","6","6","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rathore_&_Sankar_1992_Tiger_kills.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","349","Summary of results obtained in the tiger research project","Brahmachary RL;Dutta J;Chakrabarty A;","1992  ","","4IN;behavior;marking behavior;Panthera tigris;project;research;urine marking;","IN FILE","13","13","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brahmachary_et_al_1992_Tiger_Research_Project.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","350","Making of a cattle-lifter - a Sunderban case","Rishi V;","1992  ","","4IN;livestock damage;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","14","17","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rishi_1992_Making_of_a_cattle_lifter.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","351","Saving the tiger","Seidensticker J;","1997  ","","4Asia;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","6","17","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","25","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1997_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","352","Community-based monitoring and conservation of tigers in Cambodia's most important tiger conservation unit","Nowell K;Weiler H;Omallis K;Kimsan O;Masphal K;Polin S;Seiha U;Smith JLD;","2001  ","","4KH;community involvement;conservation;monitoring;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","Cambodia Tiger Conservation Program","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_et_al_2001_Community-based_monitoring_and_conservation_of_tigers_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","353","Tigers in Danger","","","","7RU;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;public education;telemetry;status;trade;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","1","4","Esso","","","","","","","","London","Esso","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Esso_-_Tigers_in_Danger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","354","Tale of the tiger","McGhie J;","","","Exxon;public attitude;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","28","33","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McGhie_-_Tale_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","355","Tigers into kittens?","Kartomi M;","1976  ","","4ID;culture;kitten;music;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;","IN FILE","9","15","Hemisphere","","","","20","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kartomi_1976_Tigers_into_kittens.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","356","Tigers into kittens? Part 2","Kartomi M;","1976  ","","4ID;culture;kitten;music;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;","IN FILE","7","13","Hemisphere","","","","20","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kartomi_1976_Tigers_into_kittens2.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","357","Partnership for action","","1997  Feb","","captive breeding;conservation;Esso;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","8","9","Esso Newsline","","","","","","","","London","Esso","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Esso_1997_Partnership_for_action.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","358","Sight of a tiger","Mahapatra R;","1998 Feb 15 ","","coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","18","18","Down to Earth","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mahapatra_1998_Sight_of_a_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","359","Diet of puma (Puma concolor, Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal and Andean ranges of southern Chile","Rau JR;Jiménez JE;","2002  ","","2CL;Andes;diet;Lepus europaeus;Puma concolor;rainforest;","IN FILE","201","205","Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment","","","","37","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Between 1985 and 1999 we collected a total of 62 puma (Puma concolor) feces in two reserves located on the coastal range and on three national parks located in the Andean range, all in the Lake Region of southern Chile. The identification of 79 prey items showed that the puma diet in the southern rainforests was made up mainly of European hares (Lepus europaeus); an exotic species), ungulates (chiefly the pudu deer; Pudu puda), rodents, birds, marsupials, in that order of importance. Except for the lowland site San Martin, the trophic ecology did not differ substantially among sites. At San Martin, in addition to hares, pumas hunted Black-necked swand (Cygnus melancoryphus) and coypu (Myocastor coypus). Although pumas preyed upon the largest prey available, the mean prey weight was of only 7.7 kg, much smaller than on other previous studies. European hares due to their high abundance, have replaced pudus as the main prey of pumas in the forests of the Lake Region. In order to maintain viable populations of pumas in the biologically most interesting g coastal forests, it will be necessary to protect larger native forests that provide enough food and habitat for pumas.","","","","","","","","Rau_&_Jimenez_2002_Diet_of_pumas_in_southern_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","360","Sub: Black Tigers of Similipan Tiger Reserve, Orissa","Mishra CGH;","1996 Oct ","","4IN;coat pattern;coloration;melanism;Orissa;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","971","972","","","Indian Forester","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mishra_1996_Black_tigers_of_Similipan_Tiger_Reserve_Orissa.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","361","Worldwide Phylogeography of the Wildcat, Felis silvestris, Suggests a Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication","Driscoll CA;Menotti-Raymond M;Roca AL;Hupe K;Johnson WE;Geffen E;Harley E;Delibes M;Pontier D;Kitchener AC;Yamaguchi N;O'Brien SJ;Macdonald D;","2007  ","","domestic cat;Felis silvestris;Near East;origin;origin of cat domestication;phylogeography;wildcat;","IN FILE","39","40","","","","","","Felid Biology and Conservation","Hughes J;Mercer R;","","","The Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Oxford University","English","","","","","","","The domestic cat is the world's most popular pet numbering more than 600 million and is also an important medical model for genetic diseases, yet little is know with certainty of the cat's origin, early natural history or genetic background. To investigate the relationships between domestic cats and their indigenous wild congeners we typed 36 short tandem repeat loci and sequenced 2.6 kb of the mitochondrial genes ND5 and ND6 in ~1000 cats from wild and domestic settings, including representatives of registered-breed and random-bred pet cats from both feral and household environments. Additionally, six Felis bieti and twelve F. margarita, the closest relatives of F. silvestris, were included as comparative outgroups. Phylogenetic and clustering analyses identified five genetically distinctive wildcat populations, present in Europe (F.s. silvestris) , Southern Africa (F.s. caffra), Central Asia (F.s. ornata), the Near East (F.s. lybica) and China (F.s. bieti), here subsumed under F. silvestris. Domestic cats carried genetic signatures that differentiated them from all wildcats, including the critically endangered Scottish wildcat, except those from the Near East. Multiple genetic analyses produced concordant results tracing the origins of cat domestication to at least five maternal wildcat lines originating in the Near East.","","","2007 Sep ","","","","","Driscoll_et_al_2007_Worldwide_Phylogeography_of_Wildcat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","362","Conservation implications of black / melanistic tigers in Similipal Tiger Reserve","Srivastava SS;Singh LAK;","1998 Sep ","","4IN;coat pattern;coloration;conservation;melanism;Panthera tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","48","49","","","Zoo's Print","","13","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Conservation_implications_of_black_tigers_in_Similipal_Tiger_Reserve_Orissa.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","363","The white tiger and its status in captivity","Cousins D;","1977  Nov - Dez","","captive breeding;Panthera tigris;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","16","19","International Zoo News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cousins_1977_White_Tiger_and_its_status_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","364","Reactions of tigers to the scent of conspecifics","Whittle N;","1981  ","","behavior;marking behavior;Panthera tigris;urine marking;","IN FILE","263","265","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","194","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Whittle_1981_Reactions_of_tigers_to_the_scent_of_conspecifics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","365","The earliest record of a white tiger (Panthera tigris)","Divyabhanusinh;","1986  ","","coloration;history;Panthera tigris;record;white tiger;","IN FILE","163","165","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83 (Suppl.)","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1986_Record_of_a_White_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","366","A technique for capturing and immobilizing tigers","Smith JLD;Sunquist ME;Tamang KM;Rai PB;","1983  ","","baiting;Bubalus bubalis;capture;immobilization;live bait;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","255","259","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","47","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_et_al_1983_Capturing_and_immobilizing_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","367","The lonly tigress","Acharjyo LN;","1987  Oct-Dec","","captive breeding;Nandankanan Biological Park;Orissa;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","18","19","Hornbill","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Acharjyo_1987_Lonly_tigress.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","368","A tiger that climbed a tree","Smythies EA;","1987  ","","attack on human;climbing;Panthera tigris;story;","IN FILE","26","32","Hornbill","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smythies_1987_Tiger_that_climbed_a_tree.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","369","A battle royal between tigers and an elephant","Smythies EA;","1940  ","","4NP;attack on human;Elephas maximus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","18","20","Hornbill","","","","","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smythies_1940_Battle_royal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","370","Black tigers - reality or myth","Singh LAK;","1996 Oct ","","4IN;coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","5","5","Tiger Update","","","","1","","","4","New Dehli","WWF India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1996_Black_tigers_-_Reality_or_Myth.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","371","Osteology of Indian tiger","Pandit RV;","1994  ","","anatomy;copyright;osteology;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;","IN FILE","1","59","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Technical Bulletin No. 6","","","","","","","","","","Pandit_1994_Osteology_of_Indian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","372","White tigers in India - its past and present","Patnaik SK;Acharjyo LN;","1990  Jan - Mar","","4IN;coloration;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","8","10","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patnaik_&_Acharjyo_1990_White_tigers_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","373","White tiger records","Singh KS;","1982  Jan-Mar","","4IN;Hazaribagh;Panthera tigris;record;sighting;white tiger;","IN FILE","30","31","Hornbill","","","","","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1982_White_Tiger_Records.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","374","An additional skull of the Bali tiger, Panthera tigris balica (Schwarz) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum","Buzas B;Farkas B;","1997  ","","4ID;Bali;history;natural history;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris balica;","IN FILE","101","105","Miscellanea Zoologica Hungarica","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A Bali tiger skull from Tanjung or Gunung Gondol, northwestern Bali, Indonesia, in the Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum is described in detail. It is believed to be the ninth specimen of this now extinct subspecies preserved in a museum collection. Circumstances of its killing are also given on the basis of the collector's account.","","","","","","","","Buzas_&_Farkas_1997_Additional_skull_of_the_Bali_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","375","The decline and impending extinction of the South China tiger","Tilson RL;Traylor-Holzer K;Jiang QM;","1997  Oct","file security proteced","4CN;captive breeding;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;population trend;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","243","252","Oryx","","","","31","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1997_Impending_extinction_of_the_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","376","A melanistic bobcat from outside Florida","Tischendorf JW;McAlpine DF;","1995  ","","3NAm;Lynx rufus;coloration;Florida;melanism;","IN FILE","13","14","Florida Field Naturalist","","","","23","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_&_McAlpine_1995_Melanistic_bobcat_from_outside_Florida.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","377","Homologous coat color variation in Felis","Robinson R;","1978  ","","albinism;coat pattern;coloration;Felinae;genetics;hybridization;","IN FILE","68","71","Carnivore","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1978_Homologous_coat_color_variation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","378","The domestic trade in tiger parts in Sumatra - Extract: Tiger skeletal weight","Bowles D;","1996  ","manuscript send to Oryx","4ID;osteology;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;trade;","IN FILE","","","Oryx","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bowles_1996_Tiger_skeletal_weight.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","379","The tiger of the Terai with special reference to the Kheri Forests of Uttar Pradesh, IndiaEleventh technical meeting","Singh AN;","1970  ","","ecology;forest;IUCN;Kheri;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","55","57","","","","","No.18, Vol. 2","","","","Morges","IUCN / SSC","English","","","","","IUCN Publications new series","Holloway CW;","","","","","","","","","Singh_1970_Tiger_of_the_Terai.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","380","Tiger tracks","Brander AAD;","1929 Apr 17 ","","Panthera tigris;track;","IN FILE","972","972","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brander_1929_Tiger_tracks.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","381","The Phylogeny of the Tiger (Panthera tigris)","Hemmer H;","","","evolution;Panthera tigris;phylogeny;","IN FILE","28","35","","","","","","Tigers of the World","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_-_Phylogeny_of_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","382","Ueber Faerbung, Farbabweichungen, Streifenverminderungen und Farbaufhellungen beim Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linne, 1758)","Schroeter W;","1982  ","Volume unsure","albinism;coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","1","7","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","29","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schroeter_1982_Ueber_Faerbung_Farbabweichung_Streifenverminderung_und_Farbaufhellung_beim_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","383","Albinism and partial albinism in tigers","Gee EP;","1959  ","","albinism;coloration;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","581","587","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","56","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gee_1959_Albinism_and_partial_albinism_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","384","Sumatran tigers: From PHVA to Conservation Action","Tilson RL;","1999  ","","4ID;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;population size;Sumatra;","IN FILE","14","16","CBSG News","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_1999_Sumatran_tigers_-_Conservation_Action.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","385","Estimating the Indochinese tiger Panthera tigris corbetti population in Thailand","Rabinowitz AR;","1993  ","","4TH;density;habitat;human impact;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;population;population estimation;population size;protected area;tiger;","IN FILE","213","217","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","65","","","","","","English","","","","","","","From 1987 to 1991, tiger presence was investigated in 25 national parks and 13 wildlife sanctuaries, comprising 49% and 58% of Thailand's protected land area in these respective categories. Tigers were present in only 58% of the surveyed areas. Where tigers were present, an arbitrary density of 1 tiger/100km2 was modified according to the levels of threat to the tiger population, and used to estimate population size. Threats were defined as human-caused disturbances that threatened a population's basic need of natural waterways, large prey abundance, and vegetative cover. Using this approach, no more than an estimated 250 adult tigers are currently in Thailand. The healthiest remaining tiger populations are now in areas of forest complexes> 1500km2 protected before 1982. If tigers are to persist in Thailand, areas where they are found need to be better managed and maintained as large, cohesive forest units with minimized human-caused disturbances.","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1993_Estimating_Indochinese_tiger_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","386","Tigers and Leopards in Russia's Far East","Prynn D;","1990  Dec","","7RU;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;","IN FILE","496","503","Oryx","","","","15","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prynn_1980_Tigers_and_Leopard_in_Russias_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","387","Tiger Tales","Bragin AP;","1990 Jan ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;population size;","IN FILE","6","7","Tiger Beat","","","","3","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bragin_1990_Tiger_tales.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","388","Losses and Gains in Tiger Studies - by the Siberian Project Research Team","","1998  ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;project;research;","IN FILE","","","Tiger Tracks","","","","5","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Losses_and_Gains_in_Tiger_Studies.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","389","Saving the tiger in the wild","Kenney JS;Smith JLD;Starfield AM;McDougal CW;","1994 Jun 2 ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;Traditional Chinese Medicine;trade;","IN FILE","352","352","Nature","","","","369","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kenney_et_al_1994_Saving_the_tiger_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","390","The contribution of vatiance in lifetime reproduction to effective population size in tigers - Extract: Tigers Threatened by Inbreeding","Smith JLD;McDougal CW;","1991  ","Extract from Cons. Biol.","inbreeding;Panthera tigris;population;population dynamics;population size;reproduction;","IN FILE","484","490","Conservation Biology","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_&_McDougal_1991_Tiger_Threatened_by_Inbreeding.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","391","Association between animals (Reproduced notes)","Khan IA;Monteath J;","1936  ","","4IN;interspecific association;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Sus scrofa;","IN FILE","153","158","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_&_Monteath_1936_Association_between_Animals.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","392","An Encounter with an Amur Tiger - Extract from the Year of the Tiger","Troinin V;","1994  ","article review (publisher unknown) on Troinin 1994 The year of the tiger.pdf","7RU;attack on human;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;review;year of the tiger;Amur tiger;tiger;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Troinin_1994_Encounter_with_an_Amur_Tiger-_extract_from_the_year_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","393","Notes from the Oirental Sporting Magazine, new series, 1869 to 1879 / Capturing tigers with Bird-Lime","Burton RW;Bannerman WB;","1917  ","","capture;history;measurement;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","491","493 / 753","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","25","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burton_&_Bannerman_1917_Tiger_Data.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","394","Future trends of tiger population in Similipal Tiger Reserve","Srivastava SS;Singh LAK;","1997 Oct ","","4IN;future;Orissa;Panthera tigris;population size;population trend;Similipal Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","902","909","","","Indian Forester","","123","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1997_Future_trends_of_tiger_population_in_Similipal_Tiger_Reserve_Orissa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","395","Tigers","Pocock RI;","1929  ","","coloration;distribution;history;measurement;Panthera tigris;subspecies;","IN FILE","505","541","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pocock_1929_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","396","Sorting out tigers (Panthera tigris): mitochondrial sequences, nuclear inserts, systematics, and conservation genetics","Cracraft J;Feinstein J;Vaughn J;Helm-Bychowski K;","1998  ","","conservation;cytochrome b;genetics;microsatellite;mtDNA;Panthera tigris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","139","150","Animal Conservation","","","","","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Sequences from complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of 34 tigers support the hypothesis that Sumatran tigers are diagnostically distinct from mainland populations. None of the latter, including Bengals, Siberians, or Indochinese tigers, were found to have fixed diagnostic characters. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirms these results. Within the framework of a phylogenetic species concept, current evidence thus supports the recognition of two distinct taxa, and within the context of this definition they could be ranked at the species level. This paper also documents a previously unrecognized nuclear insert of mitochondrial DNA that includes, minimally, mitochondrial homologues of a control region that lacks the feline mitochondrial repeat sequences, a complete cytochrome b gene, and complete tRNAThr and tRNAPro genes. In a phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear cytochrome b-like sequences and various feline mitochondrial sequences, the nuclear insert clusters with lion mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, which suggests the insert is at least as old as the split between lions and tigers. The results of this study emphasize the importance of doing more to conserve Sumatran tigers. Because they are underrepresented in zoos relative to Bengals and Siberians, an effort should be made to increase captive breeding stocks of Sumatrans. That Sumatrans are a distinct taxonomic entity relative to mainland populations can be used in educational programs to increase conservation efforts within Indonesia.","","","","","","","","Cracraft_et_al_1998_Tigers_and_conservation_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","397","Mammalia: Historical record of a Tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758), in Iraq","Kock D;","1990  ","","5IQ;5IR;history;Mammalia;migration;Panthera tigris;record;","IN FILE","11","15","","","","","","Zoology in the Middle East 4","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kock_1990_Historical_record_of_a_Tiger_in_Iraq.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","398","The AfriCat Foundation - Annual Report 2001","","2001  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;AfriCat Foundation;conflict;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;public education;report;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","","","","","Otjiwarongo, Namibia","The AfriCat Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_The_AfriCat_Foundation_Annual_Report.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","399","Ecology of the clouded leopard in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand","Austin SC;Tewes ME;","1999  ","","4TH;activity;camera trap;capture;ecology;home range;Khao Yai National Park;movement pattern;Neofelis nebulosa;telemetry;spatial use;","IN FILE","","","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","Jackson P;","31","","","English","","","","","","","This study is focusing on the ecology of sympatric carnivores in Khao Yai National Park, a large (2,168 km²) protected area in central Thailand, with a particular emphasis on wild felids. There ist a consistent history of clouded leopard presence in the study area, with park staff and visitors noting regular sightings. During the study, we have captured and radio-collared two adult clouded leopards. The following information is a preliminary summary of trapping, telemetry and camera-trap findings.","","","","","","","","Austin_&_Tewes_1999_Ecology_of_the_clouded_leopard_in_Khao_Yai_NP.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","400","Tiger and Large Mammal Restoration in Asia: Ecological Theory and Sociological Reality","Tilson RL;Nyhus P;Franklin N;Sriyanto;Bastoni;Yunus M;","1999  ","Manuscript","4Asia;conservation;Mammalia;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","Maehr DS;et al.;","","","Island Press, Inc.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1999_Tiger_and_Large_Mammal_Restoration_in_Asia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","401","International Cooperative Efforts to Save the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)","Tilson RL;Siswomartono D;Manansang J;Brady G;Armstrong D;Traylor-Holzer K;Byers A;Christie P;Salfifi A;Tumbelaka L;Christie S;Richardson D;Reddy S;Franklin N;Nyhus P;","1996  ","manuscript","conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;population trend;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","International Zoo Yearbook, Vol. 35","","","London","Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1996_International_Efforts_to_Save_the_Sumatran_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","402","Developing management strategies for Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) utilizing GIS to estimate distribution and numbers","Faust T;Tilson RL;","","Manuscript","4ID;distribution;habitat fragmentation;home range;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;population size;protected area;Sumatra;tiger;viability;","IN FILE","1","31","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Human-caused factors have resulted in a decline of the Sumatran tiger. It has been suggested that the five national parks offer the best chance of saving Sumatran tigers. Tiger numbers of these protected areas were estimated using GIS to map potential habitat. Vegetation types were assigned one of three home range estimates based on their suitability as tiger habitat. Our results indicate that if Sumatran tigers are confined to national parks they may require intensive management, regardless of the accuracy of the population estimates. Management efforts should focus on improving the understanding of the biology of Sumatran tigers and on maintaining tracts of forest that will harbor populations larger than 100 individuals. These forest tracts can be maintained by reducing the fragmentation of the parks due to roads, and by incorporating adjacent areas of lesser conservation status into the tiger management plans of the five national parks.","","","","","","","","Faust_&_Tilson_-_Management_strategies_for_Sumatran_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","403","On the status of the tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae Pocock, 1829) in Sumatra","Santiapillai C;Ramono WS;","1985  ","Partially published in the Tigerpaper","4ID;ecology;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;status;Sumatra;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","12","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_&_Ramono_1985_Status_of_the_tiger_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","404","Subspecies and the Conservation of Panthera tigris: Preserving Genetic Heterogeneity","Herrington SJ;","","","conservation;genetic variation;Panthera tigris;subspecies;","IN FILE","51","61","","","","","","Tigers of the world","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Herrington_-_Preserving_Genetic_Heterogeneity_in_Tiger_Conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","405","Sariska wild Life Sanctuary, Rajasthan - Pre-conference study tours report 2Eleventh technical meeting","Coleman JRB;Grimwood IR;Leyhausen P;Harroy J;Prakash M;","1971  ","","4IN;conservation;IUCN;Rajasthan;Sariska Tiger Reserve;status;","IN FILE","88","101","","","","","No.19, Vol. 3","","","","Morges","IUCN / SSC","English","","","","","IUCN Publications new series","Packard FM;Elliott HFI;","","","","","","","","","Coleman_et_al_1971_Sariska_wild_Life_Sanctuary_Rajasthan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","406","The Vanishing Indian Tiger (Mammals 1 c)Eleventh technical meeting","Sankhala KS;","1970  ","","4IN;distribution;habitat;IUCN;Panthera tigris;population trend;","IN FILE","34","45","","","","","No.18, Vol. 3","","Holloway CW;","","Morges","IUCN / SSC","English","","","","","IUCN Publications new series","Holloway CW;","","","","","","","","","Sankhala_1970_Vanishing_Indian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","407","Saving Siberia's Tigers","Quigley HB;","1993 Jul ","","7RU;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;telemetry;Siberia;track;","IN FILE","38","47","National Geographic","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","National Geographic Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Quigley_1993_Saving_Siberias_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","408","Should Tigers Be a Cash Crop?","Gibney F;","1995 Feb 6 ","","4TH;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","14","14","Time","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gibney_1995_Should_tigers_be_a_Cash_Crop.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","409","The Breeding Centre for Siberian Tigers in China","Martin EB;Chen LX;Lin CK;","","","4CN;breeding;breeding centre;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","11","14","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_et_al_-_Breeding_centre_for_Siberian_tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","410","Status of larger wildlife species - cheetah, leopard and lion","","","","1MZ;Acinonyx jubatus;cheetah;conservation;distribution;leopard;lion;local people;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;poaching;protected area;status;threats;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","There are three large predators in Mocambique: The lion, the leopard, and the cheetah. Cheetah have become extremely rare in the 1980s, mainly due to heavy poaching and habitat destruction by wildfires. Leopards are still abundant and well distributed in Mocambique, even though poaching by rural people occurs. Lions are not endangered as a species in Mocambique and there is no organized poaching. However, their status varies regionally and there are some provinces where they are extinct. Poaching and illegal killing to protect lifestock and people occurs. This report also provides distribution maps for all three species.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Status_of_cheetah_leopard_and_lion_in_Mocambique.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","411","The droppings of Iriomote cats - from my data that are yet printed","Jackson P;","","","4JP;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;faeces;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Droppings_of_Iriomote_cats.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","412","Proyecto Guigna progress report","Sanderson JG;","1997 Nov 23 ","","2CL;Oncifelis guigna;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_1997_Proyecto_Guigna_Progres_Report.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","413","Notes on the distribution and natural history of the pampas cat, Felis colocolo, in Brazil","Silveira L;","1994  ","Manuscript, published in 1995, see Reference 1044","2BR;distribution;history;natural history;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Silveira_1994_Distribution_and_natural_history_of_the_pampas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","414","Pampas cats: How many species?","Garcia-Perea R;","","","morphology;Oncifelis colocolo;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_-_Pampas_cat_-_how_many_species.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","415","Leopard cat - Felis bengalensis","","","Manuscript","45Asia;distribution;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","416","Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis)","","","Manuscript","4TW;distribution;ecology;habitat;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Leopard_cat_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","417","The status and fluctuation of the leopard cat in China","Houji L;Helin S;","1982  ","PubDate unsure","4CN;distribution;Prionailurus bengalensis;population trend;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Houji_&_Helin_1982_Status_and_fluctuation_of_the_leopard_cat_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","418","A Field Study of the Biology and Ecology of Three Felid Species, Caracal (Profelis caracal), African Wild Cat (Felis libyca) and Black-footed Cat (Felis nigripes), in the Agtersneeuberg Nature Reserve","Pfleiderer M;","1999  ","","biology;Caracal caracal;ecology;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pfleiderer_1999_Caracal_African_wild_cat_and_Black-footed_cat_in_the_Agtersneeuberg_Nature_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","419","The bay cat Catopuma badia, a widely spread, but rare, species in Borneo","Meijaard E;","1997  or after","Manuscript","4ID;Borneo;Catopuma badia;distribution;sighting;status;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Meijaard_1997_Bay_cat_in_Borneo.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","420","Comments on Nigeria - Extract: Felis aurata, Felis caracal, Felis serval","Gadsby EL;","1991  ","","1NG;Caracal caracal;Leptailurus serval;Profelis aurata;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gadsby_1991_Felis_aurata_Felis_caracal_Felis_serval.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","421","The evidence for the presence of large exotic cats in the Bodmin area and their possible impact on livestock","","1995  ","PubDate unsure","8GB;copyright;Cornwall;Felidae;non-native animals;livestock;livestock damage;","IN FILE","2","16","","","","","","","","","","ADAS","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Large_exotic_cats_in_the_Bodmin_area_UK.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","422","Can India's Wildlife Survive?","","","Manuscript","4IN;conservation;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Can_Indias_Wildlife_Survive.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","423","Sankosh multipurpose project","Sen PK;","1998  ","not for publication","4IN;construction project;copyright;corridor;Panthera tigris;project;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sen_1998_Sankosh_multipurpose_project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","424","Wildlife Protection Society of India - Annual Report September 1997 to September 1998","Wright B;","1998 Oct 1 ","","4IN;conservation;copyright;livestock damage;Panthera tigris;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wright_1998_Wildlife_Protection_Society_of_India_-_Annual_Report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","425","India - Conservation of Biological Diversity","","1989 Jul ","draft version","4IN;biodiversity;conservation;copyright;","IN FILE","1","54","","","","","","","","","Cambridge","World Conservation Monitoring Center (IUCN, WWF, UNEP)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1989_India_-_Conservation_of_Biological_Diversity.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","426","Bobcat management in the United States","Johnson KA;","1993  ","Rouhg draft, Pub Date unsure","3US;Lynx rufus;conservation;habitat;management;monitoring;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_1993_Bobcat_management_in_the_United_States.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","427","Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 - Wildkatze","Hemmer H;","","Manuscript","ecological requirement;Felis silvestris;measurement;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","","","","","",""," German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_-_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","428","Use and Abuse - The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972","Thapar V;","1999  ","Draft - Confidential","4IN;Act;conservation;legislation;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","66","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thapar_1999_Use_and_Abuse_-_The_Wildlife_Protection_Act_1972.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","429","Wildcat threatened as projects encroach on last wilderness","Gilhooly R;","2000 Jul 19 ","","4JP;ecology;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;project;telemetry;","IN FILE","","","","","Japan Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gilhooly_2000_Wildcat_threatened_as_projects_encroach_on_last_wilderness.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","430","Carnivores - Amur tigerBrief outline on the Ecology of the Main Animal Species in the Samarga and Edinka River Watersheds","Panachev AM;","1998  ","","7RU;ecology;future;public attitude;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;","IN FILE","91","","","","","","","Samarga: past, present, future","","","Vladivostok","DVO RAN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Panachev_1998_Amur_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","431","Poaching ist the new growth industry of Russia's economic crisis","Banerjee N;","1999 Feb 13 ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","","","Sydney Morning Herald","","","","","","","","Sydney, Australia","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Banerjee_1999_Poaching_is_the_new_growth_industry_of_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","432","Hope still burning bright for the tiger","Sautner S;Delaney J;","1999 Sep 24 ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sautner_1999_Hope_still_Burning_Bright_for_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","433","Management of Large Mammals - Project progress report","Griffiths M;","1992  ","","4ID;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;project;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Griffiths_1992_Management_of_large_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","434","Siberian Tigers","Wharton D;","1983  April-May","","captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;","IN FILE","2","","Animaline","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wharton_1983_Endangered_Siberian_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","435","Siberian tigers","Jivotchenko VI;","1994  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;","IN FILE","29","","Naturopa","","","","75","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jivotchenko_1994_Siberian_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","436","The Militia Earns Its Stripes","Glick D;","1993 Jan 18 ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Newsweek","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Glick_1993_The_Militia_earns_its_stripes.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","437","Siberian tiger - once marked as an official pest in China, but now lauded as a national monument","Prynn D;","","","4CN;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;","IN FILE","398","402","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prynn_-_Siberian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","438","The tiger irony","Zhivotchenko V;Trofimenko S;","1985 May ","","7RU;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","229","230","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zhivotchenko_&_Trofimenko_1985_Tiger_irony.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","439","The ultimate cat","Walker S;","1983 Oct ","","captive breeding;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Friends of Mysore Zoo","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1983_Ultimate_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","440","South China Tiger Biomedical Workshop","Traylor-Holzer K;","1999  ","","4CN;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","21","","CBSG News","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Traylor-Holzer_1999_South_China_Tiger_Biomedical_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","441","Forensic Medical Assessment of the Causes of Human Casualties as a Result of Encountering the Siberian Tiger","Tupikov A;","1997  ","","maneater;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tupikov_1997_Medical_antipoaching.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","442","Catalogue of the mammals of Ethiopia","Yalden DW;Largen MJ;Kock D;","1980  ","","1ET;Caracal caracal;Leptailurus serval;","IN FILE","210","213","Italian Journal of Zoology","","","","13","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yalden_et_al_1980_Mammals_of_Ethiopia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","443","Simultaneously census of the far eastern leopard - 1998","Aramilev VV;Fomenko PV;Miquelle DG;","1998  ","","7RU;population size;method;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Primorskii Krai;ungulate;","IN FILE","18","23","Zov Taigi","","","","","","","5/6 (40/41)","","","English","","","","","","","To determine what immediate measures are necessary to conserve a population of the Far Eastern leopard in the wild, up to date information on its habitat, on its numbers and on its age/sex composition must be gathered. In addition, it is essential to gather information on the Amur tiger, the other large cat living in the very same habitat. Information on leopard and tiger habitat and prey is also an essential element in drawing a complete picture of the population's condition. Most of our attention was given to conducting a simultaneous census in southwest Primorskii Krai, in Khasanskii Raion, the western portion of Nadezhdinskii Raionn and the western portion of Ussuriiskii Raion.","","","","","","","","Aramilev_et_al_1998_Simultaneously_census_of_the_far_eastern_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","444","Bale Mountains National Park","","1988  ","","1ET;Bale Mountains National Park;Caracal caracal;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Bale_Mountains_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","445","The distribution and status of large mammals in Benin","Sayer JA;Green AA;","1984  ","","1BJ;Caracal caracal;distribution;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;Profelis aurata;status;","IN FILE","37","50","","Mammal Review","","","14","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sayer_&_Green_1984_Distribution_and_status_of_large_mammals_in_Benin.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","446","The Carnivora of Arabia","Gasperetti J;Harrison DL;Buettiker W;","1985  ","","5SA;Carnivora;conservation;distribution;ecology;Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","397","461","Fauna of Saudi Arabia","","","","7","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gasperetti_et_al_1985_Carnivora_of_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","447","Cat Family (Felidae)","Emmons LH;","","","Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;home range;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;neotropical rainforest;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;status;vocalisation;","IN FILE","148","153","","","","","","Neotropical Rainforest Mammals","","","","The University of Chicago Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Emmons_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","448","Family Felidae (Cats)","Grubb P;Jones TS;Davies AG;Edberg E;Starin ED;Hill JE;","","","1GH;1GM;1SL;Caracal caracal;Felidae;Felis silvestris;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;Profelis aurata;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Mammals of Ghana, Sierra Leone and the Gambia","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grubb_et_al_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","449","Elusive Kings of the Wild","Cohn JP;","1984  ","","2SAm;distribution;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Américas","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cohn_1984_Elusive_Kings_of_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","450","Guia de los mamiferos silvestres de Chiapas","Aranda MJ;March I;","1987  ","","2MX;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","106","115","","","","","1","Guia de los mamiferos silvestres de Chiapas","","","","Istituto nacional de investigaciones sobre recursos bioticos","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Aranda_&_March_1987_Woodland_mammals_of_Chiapas.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","451","Family Felidae / Cats","Banfield AWF;","1974  ","","3CA;behavior;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;habitat;Lynx lynx;Lynx rufus;Puma concolor;reproduction;status;","IN FILE","346","354","","","","","","The Mammals of Canada","","","Toronto","University of Toronto Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Banfield_1974_Felidae_of_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","452","North America's Cats In The Wild - Can They Be Saved?","Maggitti P;","1991  ","","3NAm;attack on human;endangered species;Lynx canadensis;Lynx rufus;poaching;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Cats Magazine","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maggitti_1991_North_Americas_Cats_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","453","Family Felidae - Cats","Yasuma S;Alikodra HS;","1990  ","","4ID;Bukit Soeharto Protection Forest;conservation;Felidae;forest;Neofelis nebulosa;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","63","66","","","","","","Mammals of Bukit Soeharto Protection Forest","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_&_Alikodra_1990_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","454","Cats, Family Felidae","Medway L;","1969  ","","4MY;4SG;behavior;Catopuma temmincki;distribution;Felidae;island;Malaya;Neofelis nebulosa;offshore island;ontogenesis;Panthera tigris;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;vocalisation;","IN FILE","96","101","","","","","","The wild mammals of Malaya and offshore islands including Singapore","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Medway_1969_Cats_of_Malaya_and_Singapore_1st_ed.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","455","Family Felidae - Cats and Allies","Hall ER;Kelson KR;","1959  ","","3NAm;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;Lynx canadensis;Lynx rufus;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","950","972","","","","","2","The Mammals of North America","","","","The Ronald Press Company","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hall_&_Kelson_1959_Family_Felidae_-_Cats_and_Allies.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","456","Movement patterns and food habits of four sympatric carnivore species in Belize, Central America","Konecny MJ;","1989  ","","3BZ;Eira barbara;feeding behavior;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;movement pattern;","IN FILE","243","264","Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Konecny_1989_Movement_patterns_and_food_habits.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","457","Evaluating how many lions a small reserve can sustain","Power RJ;","2003  ","","1ZA;carrying capacity;lion;Mabula Game Reserve;Panthera leo;predator;prey;protected area;","IN FILE","3","11","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","33","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","A pride of lions (Panthera leo) was studied on a 15 km2 reserve using radio-telemetry. Kills were recorded from direct observations, as well as reserve management records. The prey base was enumerated by an aerial and road count and the standing biomass crop was calculated. The daily food intake per lioness was calculated to range from 4.1 +/- 1.3 (S.E.) to 4.6 +/- 2.4 (S.E.) kg/day. Two approaches for determining the sustainability of lions were evaluated: a) Large Herbivore Biomass (LHB) and b) Maximum Sustained Yield (MSY) of the main prey. The term Lion Feeding Unit (LFU) was introduced to depict the feeding requirements of an adult lioness. It was calculated that the LHB could support 185 LFUs/100km2, which was clearly not sustainable in the context of prey declines at an LFU density of 50 LFUs/100 km2. The MSY of prey could sustain 6.7 LFUs/100 km2, which would reverse prey declines if prey populations were initially maintained at 1/2 K. This capacity was recommended for savannas receiving between 500 and 700 mm rainfall per annum, and where no other carnivores were present. This capacity was, however, too low for small reserves (<20 km2) where a large group of lions is needed for aesthetic and economic purposes. A trade-off is suggested where a normal pride size (4-10) is prescribed, but with the understanding that prey declines are inevitable and that prey will need to be replenished on an annual basis.","","","","","","","","Power_2003_How_many_lions_in_a_small_reserve.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","458","On mammals from the People's Democratic Republic of Laos, mainly from Sekong Province and Hongsa Special Zone","Bergmans W;","1995  ","","4LA;Hongsa Special Zone;Mammalia;Sekong Province;","IN FILE","286","306","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","60","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Mammal data and material were collected during a short stay in the People's Democratic Republic of Laos in the winter of 1993 - 1994. Most data are from the southern Sekong Province and the northwestern Hongsa Special Zone, from where practically nothing has been previously reported. Many localities are new, and add to our knowledge of species distributions. Of particular interest are Megaerops niphanae and Taphozous saccolaimus, which are reported from Laos for the first time: some new localities for Pygathrix nemaeus; two new records of Prionodon pardicolor, reports on Panthera tigris and Nemorhaedus sumatraensis; and records of Leopoldamys edwardsi and L. sabanus, Maxomys moi, Berylmys bowersii which is new for the Sekong Province region, and Niviventer cf. tenaster which is new for Laos.","","","","","","","","Bergmans_1995_Mammals_from_Lao_PDR.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","459","Protected Area System Planning and Management in Lao PDR","Berkmueller K;Phanthavong B;Vongphet V;","1993  ","","4LA;distribution;management;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","64","","","","","","","","","","Lao-Swedish Forestry Cooperation Programme, Forest Resources Conservation Sub-programme (IUCN)","English","","","","","","","This report describes progress made in protected area system planning since the first status report was issued in mid 1991. The planning process entailed an assessment of habitat condition and presence of key wildlife species conducted in areas previously recommended and in other promising sites. This systematic search for the larges contiguous and least disturbed forest areas in about 80 % complete. All of the 17 recommended sites have been formally declared by decree so that conservation management of Lao P.D.R.'s forest resources stands on a firm base.","","","","","","","","Berkmueller_et_al_1993_Protected_Area_System_Planning_and_Management_in_Lao_PDR.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","460","Wild cats","Davies G;Payne J;","","","4MY;density;distribution;ecology;Felidae;Sabah;survey;","IN FILE","153","156","","","","","","A faunal survey of Sabah","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Davies_&_Payne_-_Wild_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","461","Wild mammals of Myanmar","Yin UT;","","","4BU;behavior;breeding;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;habitat;home range;","IN FILE","132","169","","","","","","Wild mammals of Myanmar","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yin_-_Mammals_of_Myanmar_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","462","Endangered Animals of Thailand","Humphrey SR;Bain JR;","1990  ","","4TH;conservation;distribution;endangered species;habitat;population dynamics;population size;threat;","IN FILE","332","375","","","","","","Endangered species of Thailand","","","","Sandhill Crane Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Humphrey_&_Bain_1990_Endangered_Animals_of_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","463","Cats in Mozambique","","","","1MZ;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","86","90","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Cats_in_Mozambique.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","464","Threatened mammals in Europe","Smit CJ;van Wijngaarden A;","1976  ","","78Eur;characteristic;distribution;Felis silvestris;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","86","102","","","","","","Threatened mammals in Europe","","","","Council of Europe","English","","","","","","","Information on the distribution, characteristics, biology, status per country, threats and conservation measures of Felis silvestris, Lynx lynx, Lynx pardina, Panthera pardus, and Panthera tigris.","","","","","","","","Smit_&_Van_Wijngaarden_1976_Threatened_mammals_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","465","Order Carnivora","Harrison DL;","1968  ","","5SA;Carnivora;characteristic;craniometry;dentition;Felidae;","IN FILE","279","286","","","","","2","The Mammals of Arabia","","","","Ernest Benn Limited","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Harrison_1968_Mammals_of_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"JFULL","466","Notes on the mammalian carnivores of the Cape Province, South Africa","Stuart CT;","1981  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;copyright;diet;distribution;Felidae;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Panthera leo;reproduction;status;","IN FILE","1","58","Bontebok","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1981_Mammalian_carnivores_of_the_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","467","The small cats","Visser J;","1977  ","","1Afr;1ZA;distribution;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Leptailurus serval;lesser cat;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","26","28","African Wildlife","","","","31","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Visser_1977_Small_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","468","History, Current Status and Conservation of Large Mammalian Predators in Cape Province, Republic of South Africa","Stuart CT;MacDonald IAW;Mills MGL;","1985  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;Cape Province;conservation;Crocuta crocuta;history;Hyaena brunnea;Panthera pardus;predator;status;","IN FILE","7","19","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","31","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_et_al_1985_Large_predators_in_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","469","To save the Siberian tiger","Witherspoon R;","1993  ","","7RU;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;taiga;","IN FILE","24","29","","","Lamp","","75","","","1","","Exxon corporation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Witherspoon_1993_To_save_the_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","470","Saving the tiger - In the farmyards of the night","","1992  ","","breeding centre;captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","101","101","Economist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","471","Planned breeding for Bengal tigers in Indian zoos","","1995  ","","4IN;Bengal;breeding;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;zoo;","IN FILE","11","14","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Bengal_tiger_breeding_in_Indian_zoos.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","472","Notes on the distribution and habits of some small carnivores in the Etosha National Park","Stander PE;","1991  ","Manuscript; Pub Date unsure","1NA;behavior;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;distribution;Etosha;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;habitat;","IN FILE","","","Madoqua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1991_Small_carnivores_in_Etosha.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","473","The Sumatran Plan","Christie S;","1993  ","","captive breeding;endangered species;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;trade;","IN FILE","14","15","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Christie_1993_Sumatran_Plan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","474","La présence du vrai tigre, Panthera tigris (Linné 1758) en Turquie","Baytop T;","1974  ","French","8TR;hunting (by human);Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","255","256","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","22","","","3","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Baytop_1974_La_presence_du_vrai_tigre_en_Turquie.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","475","A plan for survival","Christie S;","","","captive breeding;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;reintroduction;","IN FILE","14","14","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Christie_-_Plan_for_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","476","Once there was a tiger","Vuosola E;","1976  ","Volume unsure","5IR;Caspian Sea;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;sign;","IN FILE","126","129","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vuosalo_1976_Once_there_was_a_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","477","Saving the Tiger","Mountfort G;","","","4IN;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","22","23","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mountfort_-_Saving_the_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","478","The white predator","Divyabhanusinh;","1986  ","","4IN;Abul Fazl;history;Panthera tigris;predator;white tiger;","IN FILE","20","27","","","India magazine","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1986_White_predator.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","479","Albinism in Big Cats","Johnston B;","1989  ","","4IN;albinism;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus pardus;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","11","12","","","Zooculturist","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnston_1989_Albinism_in_Big_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","480","The white tigers of Rewa","Mountfort G;","","","4IN;genetics;Panthera tigris;Rewa;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mountfort_-_White_tigers_of_Rewa.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","481","A Visitor's Experience in Primorye","Falser N;","","","7RU;baiting;Lazovsky Reserve;poaching;Primorye;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Falser_-_Visitors_experience_in_Primorye.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","482","Tiger protection","Salkina GP;","1994  ","speaking notes","conservation;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Salkina_1994_Tiger_protection.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","483","Tales of might and bravery","Chiew M;","","","hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chiew_-_Tales_of_might_and_bravery.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","484","Résultats de l'inventaire faunique au niveau national et propositions de modifications à la loi sur la chasse","Limoges B;","1989  ","French. English version: Limoges_1989_National_wildlife_inventory_and_hunting_law.pdf.","1GW;Caracal caracal;distribution;fauna;Leptailurus serval;Leptailurus serval pococki;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo senegalensis;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus leopardus;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","IUCN, CEEI and Canadian Embassy","French and English translation (separate file)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Limoges_1989_Resultats_de_l_inventaire_faunique.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","485","Family Felidae - Cats","Skinner JD;Smithers RHN;","1990  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;copyright;distribution;Felidae;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","391","423","","","","","2","The mammals of the Southern African Subregion","","","","University of Pretoria","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Skinner_&_Smithers_1990_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","486","Don't shoot at the tigers!; The 'tiger' department - four years old; We are people with a mission; Issues surrounding the conservation of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in Primorskii Krai; The final entrenchment for a tiger  - A village storage shed; If you are going to shoot, then shoot!","Stamotyuk E;Litvinov B;Fomenko PV;Salkin V;Pikunov DG;","1998  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;year of the tiger;","IN FILE","","","Zov Taigi","","","","36","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stamotyuk_et_al_1998_Tiger_stories.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","487","Cats - Family Felidae","Estes RD;","1991  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;Caracal caracal;Felidae;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","349","382","","","","","","Behaviour Guide to African Mammals","","21","","University of California Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Estes_1991_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","488","Tigers go wild","Karanth KU;","2000  ","","conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","31","33","Royal Wings","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_2000_Tigers_go_wild.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","489","Counting tigers in the Russian Far East: 'How Many are There?' Versus 'Is There a Change?'","Miquelle DG;","2000  ","","7RU;distribution;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","26","27","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","","","","23","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_2000_Counting_tigers_in_the_Russian_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","490","The Amur Tiger Makes a Surprise Reappearance","Kirilyuk V;Puzansky VN;","2000  ","","Chita Oblast;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","22","23","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","","","","23","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kirilyuk_&_Puzansky_2000_Amur_tiger_makes_a_surprise_reappearance.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","491","In the Russian Far East, Fewer Ungulates Ominous Sign for Siberian Tiger","Salkina GP;","2000  ","","7RU;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;sign;ungulate;","IN FILE","24","25","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","","","","23","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Salkina_2000_Fewer_ungulates_ominous_sight_for_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","492","Keeping Tiger Habitats Will Help Save Big Cats","Wilkinson G;","1999  ","","4TH;conservation;distribution;habitat;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Usenet News","","","","","","","","","InterPress Third World News Agency","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilkinson_1990_Keeping_tiger_habitats_will_help_save_big_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","493","Family Felidae (Cats)","Ansell WFH;","1978  ","","1ZM;Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","45","47","","","","","","The Mammals of Zambia","","","","The National Parks & Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ansell_1978_Cats_of_Zambia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","494","Siberian Tiger in the 21st Century","Prynn D;","","","distribution;home range;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","8","9","Marvell Zoo News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prynn_-_Siberian_tigers_in_the_21th_century.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","495","Tiger Tracks - The Fate of Nadia","Goodrich J;","1999  ","","Panthera tigris;poaching;telemetry;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","6","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodrich_1999_Fate_of_Nadia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","496","Tiger tracks - Do More Tigers Mean Less Meat on the Table?","","1999  ","","Panthera tigris;predator-prey;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","6","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Equilibrium_in_tiger_and_ungulates.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","497","Tiger tracks - Working Locally - Thinking Tigerly (Protection for Tigers)","","1999  ","","conservation;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","6","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Protection_for_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","498","Tiger Tracks - Threats to Tigers","","2000  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;threat;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","6","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Threats_to_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","499","Tiger Tracks - The value of long - term research","","2000  ","","method;Panthera tigris;research;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","7","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Value_of_long-term_research.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","500","Tiger Tracks - Establishing and Training a Siberian Tiger Response Team","","2000  ","","method;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;track;","IN FILE","1","4","Newsletter of the Siberian Tiger Project","","","","8","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Siberian_tiger_response_team.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","501","A survey of tigers and leopards in eastern Jilin Province, China, Winter 1998","Shihe Y;Jinsong J;Zhigang W;Xiaodong H;Xingjia Y;Tong L;Miquelle DG;Pikunov DG;Dunishenko YM;Nikolaev IG;","1998  ","identical to RefID:502","4CN;7RU;Amur leopard;Amur tiger;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;interview;Jilin Province;leopard;local people;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;prey;protected area;recovery;status;survey;threats;tiger;","IN FILE","1","42","","","","","","","","","","WCS; UNDP","English","","","","","","","Status report of Siberian tigers and Far Eastern leopards in the Sino-Russian boundary area, eastern Jilin Province, China, using interviews of local people. In the second section, recommendations for conservation of tigers and leopards in the Sino-Russian boundary area are given.","","","","","","","","Shihe_et_al_1998_A_survey_of_tigers_and_leopards_in_Jilin_Province.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","502","Report on the Sino-Russian joint survey of Far Eastern Leopards ans Siberian Tigers and their habitat in the Sino-Russian boundary area, Eastern Jilin Province, China, Winter 1998","Shihe Y;Jinsong J;Zhigang W;Tong L;Xingjia Y;Xiaodong H;Miquelle DG;Pikunov DG;Dunishenko YM;Nikolaev IG;","1998  ","document is identical to RefID:501","4CN;7RU;Amur leopard;Amur tiger;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;interview;Jilin Province;leopard;local people;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;prey;protected area;recovery;status;survey;threats;tiger;","IN FILE","1","42","","","","","","","","","","WCS; UNDP","English","","","","","","","Status report of Siberian tigers and Far Eastern leopards in the Sino-Russian boundary area, eastern Jilin Province, China, using interviews of local people. In the second section, recommendations for conservation of tigers and leopards in the Sino-Russian boundary area are given.","","","","","","","","Shihe_et_al_1998_Sino-Russian_joint_survey_of_Far_Eastern_leopards_and_Siberian_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","503","Leopard killers of Mahale","Byrne RW;Byrne JM;","1988  ","","1TZ;chimpanzee;Internet;leopard;Mahale NP;Pan troglodytes;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","22","26","Natural History","","","","3/88","","","","","Muesum of Natural History","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Byrne_&_Byrne_1988_Leopard_killers_of_Mahale.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","504","Conserving the Amur tiger","","1999  ","","7RU;Amur tiger;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation needs;forestry;habitat;habitat conservation;human-carnivore conflict;monitoring;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;protected area;public awareness;public education;smuggling;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","International Working Meeting Implementation of the federal target program","","","Vladivostok, Russia","Global Survival Network","English","","","","","","","This document contains the proceedings of the 'International Working Meeting: Implementing the Federal Target Program 'Conserving the Amur Tiger'' organized by the Federal Environment Protection Committee of Russian Federation, GSN and WWF- Russia. 65 representatives of the Russian Federal Government, territorial governments, biodiversity organizations, and external funding agencies met in Vladivostok 1999 to consider the implementation of the Federal Target Program for Conservation of the Amur tiger. The areas of primary concern were: 1) development of a system of protected ares 2) habitat protection through forestry and human resources management 3) anti-poaching and anti-smuggling programs 4) managing human-tiger conflict 5) monitoring tiger and prey populations 6) improving environmental education and awareness.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Conserving_the_Amur_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","505","1999 Survey of Amur tigers and Far Eastern Leopards in Eastern Heilongjiang Province, China and recommendations for their conservation","Baogang S;Miquelle DG;Xiaochen Y;Zhang E;Hiyai S;Goshen G;Pikunov DG;Dunishenko YM;Nikolaev IG;Daming L;","1999  ","","4CN;7RU;Amur leopard;Amur tiger;captive breeding;CCT;cct_cs;cct_sr;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;Heilongjiang Province;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;protected area;status;survey;threats;tiger;","IN FILE","1","67","","","","","","","","","","WCS","English","","","","","","","This report represents a final stage in a series of surveys that have been conducted across the Sino-Russian transboundary region to better define the status and distribution of the Amur tiger and the Far Eastern leopard at the end of the 20th century. There has been a long tradition of surveying wildlife in the Russian Far East, beginning with Kaplanov's (1948) now classic work to estimate the number of tigers in 'Ussuriland.' A series of surveys in both Jilin and Heilongjiang (reviewed below) have also attempted to track changes in tiger and leopard numbers on the Chinese side of the border. But starting in 1996, when a full-range survey of tigers took place in the Russian Far East, there has been an international effort to define the status of leopards and tigers across their entire range, irrespective of international boundaries. These efforts began in China in 1998, with the UNDP and WCS-sponsored survey of leopards and tigers in eastern Jilin Province. At the same time, a series of surveys have monitored the status of leopards and tigers along the border regions on the Russian side. The results of this Heilongjiang survey are the culmination of this process. In the final section, we have outlined a bold action plan to save tigers and leopards that is entirely dependent on cooperative efforts between Russia and China. It is clear that if the Amur tiger is to survive in China, and if the Far Eastern leopard is to survive at all, cooperative management of these two species will be essential. It is our hope that these surveys, conducted by multi-national parties, will act as the catalyst for such cooperative management of the rich natural ecosystems of these international boundary regions.","","","","","","","","Baogang_et_al_1999_Survey_of_Amur_tigers_and_Far_Eastern_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","506","Plan de developpement de la Reserve de Dulombi","Paris B;","1991  ","","1GW;Caracal caracal;Felis silvestris;Mammalia;nature reserve;Panthera leo;Panthera leo senegalensis;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus leopardus;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Paris_1991_Developpement_of_Dulombi_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","507","Felidae","Harrison DL;Bates PJJ;","1991  ","","5Asia;Acinonyx jubatus;characteristic;craniometry;dentition;distribution;Felidae;Felis chaus;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;","IN FILE","156","172","","","","","2","The mammals of Arabia","","","Sevenoaks, UK","Harrison Zoological Museum","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Harrison_&_Bates_1991_Cats_of_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","508","Problem of the Amur tiger","Bragin AP;Gaponov VV;","1989  ","","population size;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;perestroika;population;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bragin_&_Gaponov_1989_Problem_of_the_Amur_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","509","King of the Cats - Siberian tiger","Stegmann J;","1993  ","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","61","69","Overview Aeroflot Inflight Magazine","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stegmann_1993_King_of_the_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","510","Save the Siberian Tiger","Stegmann J;","1994  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","28","30","Overview Aeroflot Inflight Magazine","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stegmann_1994_Save_the_Siberian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","511","U.S. supports Rhino, Tiger conservation at home and abroad","Fisher P;","1998  ","","3US;conservation;Panthera tigris;Rhinoceros sp.;","IN FILE","1","5","Endangered Species","","","","","","","","","Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fisher_1998_US_supports_Rhino_and_Tiger_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","512","Tiger - Melanistic and other Colour AberrationsA compilation of publications from Simpilipal Tiger Reserve)","Srivastava SS;Singh LAK;","1998  ","Ref ID 513 to 520 are parts of this document","4IN;coat pattern;coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","513","Letter to the editor","Sagar SR;Singh LAK;","1989  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;Panthera tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;white tiger;","IN FILE","277","278","","","Indian Forester","","115","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","514","Melanistic tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) from Simipal Tiger Reserve","Prusty BC;Singh LAK;","1996  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","4IN;coat pattern;coloration;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;white tiger;","IN FILE","29","31","Tiger Paper","","","","23","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","515","Biological Implications of Melanism","Prusty BC;Singh LAK;","1996  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","Tiger Paper","","","","23","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","516","Letter to the Editor","Mishra CGH;","1996  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID 512","coat pattern;coloration;genetics;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","971","972","","","Indian Forester","","122","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","517","Colour variation in tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)","Prusty BC;Singh LAK;","1996  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;genetics;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","20","22","","","Zoo's Print","","11","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","518","Black on white or white on black...","Prusty BC;Singh LAK;","2001  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;genetics;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","35","36","","","Zoo's Print","","23","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","519","Black on white or white on black - rejoinder","Ashraf NVK;","1997  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;genetics;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","35","36","","","Zoo's Print","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","520","Colour variation in tiger - Preliminary insight into evolution and genetics","Singh LAK;","1997  ","Part of Doc. with Ref ID512","coat pattern;coloration;evolution;genetics;measurement;melanism;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Similipal Tiger Reserve;status;white tiger;","IN FILE","9","11","","","Zoo's Print","","12","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastava_&_Singh_1998_Tiger_-_Melanistic_and_other_Colour_Aberrations.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","521","Report on the Flat-headed Cat Reproductive Projects initially funded from support from the Institute of Museum Services, Special Conservation Project","Schaffer N;Rosenthal M;","","","behavior;captive breeding;conservation;Prionailurus planiceps;genetics;project;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaffer_&_Rosenthal_-_Flat-headed_cat_reproductive_projects.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","522","Statut et conservation du chat sauvage (Felis silvestris) en Europe et sur le pourtour de la mer mediterranée","Stahl P;Artois M;","1991  ","","1Afr;8Eur;conservation;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Felis silvestris silvestris;status;","IN FILE","1","36","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Artois_1991_Statut_et_conservation_du_chat_sauvage_en_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"THES","523","On the tiger in Indonesia with special reference to its status and its conservation","Treep L;","1973  ","","4ID;behavior;conservation;copyright;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;poaching;status;","IN FILE","1","71","","","","","","","","","","Department of Nature Conservation and Nature Management Agricultural University, Netherlands","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Treep_1973_Tiger_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","524","Exxon and Tigers - An Idea for an Enhanced Public Affairs Policy","Schmalz DH;","1992  ","","advertisment;conservation;copyright;Exxon;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Exxon, Amsterdam","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schmalz_1992_Exxon_and_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","525","Fact sheet tigers","WWF;","1995  ","","conservation;copyright;Panthera tigris;status;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Fact Sheet WWF","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1995_Fact_sheet_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","526","Melanistic and other colour aberrrations in tiger and its implications","Singh LAK;","1998  ","","albinism;coloration;copyright;evolution;genetics;melanism;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","1","48","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1998_Colour_aberrations_in_tiger_and_its_implications.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","527","Sumatran Tiger Being Driven Towards Extinction","WWF;","1975  ","","4ID;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;poaching;status;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1975_Sumatran_Tiger_Being_Driven_Towards_Extinction.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","528","Die Endphase der Tollwut in der Schweiz","Breitenmoser U;Müller UM;Kappeler A;Zanoni RG;","2000  ","","8CH;epidemics;epizootic;oral immunisation;population dynamics;rabies;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","447","454","","Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde","","","142","","","8","","","German","","","","","","","Since summer 1989, rabies in Switzerland has been restricted to the Jura Mountains in the north-west of the country. Even there, the last endemic focus disappeared in 1990, but a re-infection in the same year caused a new flare-up of the epizootic. Until 1994, the number of rabies cases increased again to 225. Control measures were intensified with doubled vaccination campaigns, increased bait densities, and additional vaccination campaigns to immunize young foxes at the den. As a consequence, the number of cases dropped to 25 in 1995 and to 6 in 1996. On December 21, 1996, the last endemic case of rabies in Switzerland was registered. After two years of continuing vaccination campaigns and surveillance, Switzerland became officially rabies-free at the beginning of 1999. In the present paper, we analyse the final stage of the epizootic. The re-infection in 1990 was caused by infected foxes immigrating from France, but as the immunization of the fox population in Switzerland was insufficient, the disease became again endemic immediately. The lacking herd immunity was partly a consequence of problems related to the vaccination system and even more of the rapid increase of the fox population.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_2000_Die_Endphase_der_Tollwut_in_der_Schweiz.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","529","Elephants and Tigers: their distribution and depredation in the northern part of Bengkulu province in Sumatra","Santiapillai C;Suprahman H;","1985  ","","distribution;Elephas maximus;livestock damage;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;prevention;Sumatra;","IN FILE","1","47","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_&_Suprahman_1985_Elephants_and_Tigers_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","530","The Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis) in China: Ecology and Management for Sustainable Utilization","Johnson KA;Jinping Y;Yu J;Yingxiang W;Wang Y;Wang S;Sung W;Fuller TK;","1993  ","","4CN;conservation;copyright;ecology;Prionailurus bengalensis;management;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","42","","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1993_Leopard_cat_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","531","Fauna of the Great Indian Desert","Roonwal ML;","1982  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;desert;ecology;fauna;Felis chaus;Felis chaus kutas;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;","IN FILE","1","86","","","","","","Desert resources and technology","Singh AN;","1","","Scientific Publisher; Geotech-Academia","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roonwal_1982_Fauna_of_the_Great_Indian_Desert.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","532","Vanishing tigers","Sehgal B;","1994  ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","9","9","","","Pioneer","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sehgal_1994_Vanishing_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","533","Selling our Sanctuaries","Sehgal B;","1994  ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;nature reserve;tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sehgal_1994_Selling_our_sanctuaries.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","534","Sanctuaries have lost their special status - Review","Sahgal B;","1994  ","","4IN;Elephas maximus;endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;nature reserve;smuggling;status;","IN FILE","","","","","Sunday Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_1994_Sanctuaries_have_lost_their_special_status.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","535","Jumbos are on the right track","Nath L;","1994  ","","conservation;Elephas maximus;Panthera tigris;poaching;nature reserve;tourism;track;","IN FILE","8","8","Economic Times New Dehli","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nath_1994_Jumbos_are_on_the_right_track.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","536","Arclights, tourists and the star tiger","Jaremovic R;","1994  ","","4IN;poaching;tiger show;tourism;","IN FILE","5","5","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jaremovic_1994_Tourists_and_the_star_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","537","Does ecotourism encourage poaching?","Jaremovic R;","1994  ","","4IN;ecotourism;Panthera tigris;poaching;tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jaremovic_1994_Does_ecotourism_encourage_poaching.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","538","Ban robs Madhya Pradesh of its tiger's share of tourists","Rai U;","1994  ","","4IN;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","Indian Express","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rai_1994_Tigers_share_of_tourists.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","539","Records of the South China Tiger by a Hunan Warden","","2001  ","","4CN;Hunan Province;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;record;","IN FILE","","","Xinhua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_South_China_tiger_record.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","540","Wild Tigers Spotted in East China","","2001  ","Pub Date unsure","4CN;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;sign;","IN FILE","","","Xinhua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Wild_tigers_spotted_in_East_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","541","The Decline and Impending Extinction of the South China Tiger","Tilson RL;Traylor-Holzer K;Jiang QM;","","evt. published in Oryx","4CN;captive population;endangered species;extinction;history;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_-_Decline_and_impending_extinction_of_the_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","542","The almost-missing Lynx - Spain's Donana National Park shelters one of the world's most endangered cats","Bergman C;","1998  ","","8ES;conservation;Donana;endangered species;Lynx pardinus;status;","IN FILE","37","45","Natural History","","","","","","","10/98","","","English","","","","","","","Spain's Doñana National Park shelters one of the world's most endangered cats. As recently as a century ago, the Iberian lynx ranged throughout Spain and Portugal, but relentless hunting has brought its present population down to about five or six hundred.","","","","","","","","Bergman_1998_The_almost-missing_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","543","A Preliminary Survey of Amur Tiger and Leopard Habitat in Heilongjiang Province, China","Korkishko VG;Pikunov DG;Nikolaev IG;","","","4CN;habitat;Heilongjiang Province;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Korkishko_et_al_-_Preliminary_survey_of_Amur_tiger_and_leopard_habitat_China.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","544","Tiger Work in China","Quan L;Li Q;","","","4CN;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Li_-_Tiger_work_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","545","Tiger - Panthera tigris","","1994  ","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Endangered Species","","","","","","","","","Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Panthera_tigris.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","546","The vanishing Indian tiger","Sankhala KS;","1970  ","","4IN;habitat;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","2","","Holloway CW;","","","UNESCO","English","","","","","","","","","","1969  ","","","","","Sankhala_1970_Vanishing_tiger_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","547","Siberian Tiger Museum Project - Panthera tigris altaica","","","","7RU;museum survey;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","1","47","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Siberian_tiger_museum_project.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","548","Comparative endocrinology of domestic and non-domestic felids (Endocrinología comparada de felinos domésticos y silvestres)","Brown JL;","2009  ","Incl. Spanish abstract","endocrinology;fecal hormoes;felids;gonadal steroids;non-invasive monitoring;reproduction;","IN FILE","327","339","","","","","","Iberian Lynx Ex Situ Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Conservación Ex Situ del Lince Ibérico: Un Enfoque Multidisciplinar)","Vargas A;Breitenmoser-Würsten C;Breitenmoser U;","","Madrid","Fundación Biodiversidad in collaboration with: IUCN Cat Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","The ability to track gonadal and adrenal activity via hormones is key to optimizing health and reproduction. Through decades of study, a great deal has been learned about the biology of female domestic cats, including endocrine function. More recently, comparative endocrine studies have greatly expanded our knowledge base of non-domestic felids as well. The latter has been possible largely through the development of non-invasive fecal steroid metabolite analysis techniques, which currently is the method of choice for monitoring endocrine function in wildlife species, including felids. It now is well-recognized that a range in endocrine patterns exists among Felidae, with many traits and mechanisms being uncommon, if not unique. There is a high degree of variability in the type of ovulation (spontaneous vs. induced) expressed across the taxon. Even within species, some individuals exhibit ovulation that is only induced, whereas others ovulate spontaneously as well. Steroid metabolism also differs in that metabolites are excreted almost exclusively in feces, with very little steroid found in urine. Across species there are marked differences in seasonal and social influences on reproduction, adrenal responses to husbandry practices, and ovarian responses to assisted reproductive procedures. This means that developing strategies to improve health and reproduction of felids must be done on a species by species basis. This presentation summarizes current knowledge on the reproductive endocrinology of female domestic and non-domestic cats, and describes how the rapidly growing endocrine database is aiding ex situ management efforts.","","","","","","","","Brown_2009_Comparative_endocrinology_of_domestic_and_non-domestic_felids.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","549","Logging Threat to Wildlife Habitat in Eastern Siberia","Korkishko VG;","","","habitat;hunting (by human);logging;Panthera tigris;threat;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Korkishko_-_Logging_threat_to_wildlife_habitat_in_Eastern_Siberia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","550","The challenge of the Siberian tiger","Kolesnikov VS;Mezentsev D;Salkina GP;","","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kolesnikov_et_al_-_Challenge_of_the_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","551","Resolution of the International Symposium - 'The Amur Tiger: Problems Concerning Preservation of the Population'","","1993  ","","7RU;conservation;endangered species;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;smuggling;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","International Symposium - 'The Amur Tiger: Problems Concerning Preservation of the Population'","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Amur_tiger_conservation_problems.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","552","The problem of tiger protection in the Russian Far East","Pikunov DG;","","","7RU;conservation;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_-_Problem_of_tiger_protection_in_the_Russian_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","553","Project 1015 - Operation Tiger, Indonesia - Meru Betiri Wildlife Reserve, Java","Seidensticker J;","","","4ID;distribution;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;project;reproduction;wildlife;","IN FILE","120","126","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_-_Operation_tiger_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","554","The pact with the tiger - Preceptions of man-eating animals in Kerinci, Sumatra (Summary)","Bakels HE;","","","Kerinci;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Sumatra;","IN FILE","375","378","","","","","","CNWS Publications","Effert RAHD;Forrer M;Huesken F;Jongeling K;Maier H;Silva P;Walraven B;","","","Research School CNWS","English","","","","","","","This dissertation is an exploration of the place of the tiger in the imagination of the people of Kerinci, a peasant society with tribal traits in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the questions addressed here is whether a peasant society such as the Kerinci considers the forest, and the most dangerous forest creature, the tiger, as inimical, or whether they maintain a more balanced view. The former attitude has been postulated by Bird-David, who draws a sharp distinction between hunters and gatherers (living in harmony with wild nature) as opposed to farmers (contending with the wilderness as a foe). Having tested this hypothesis, the results of this research lead to a different conclusion.","","","","","","","","Bakels_-_Pact_with_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","555","Bearing Witness: Observations on the Extinction of Panthera tigris balica and Panthera tigris sondaica","Seidensticker J;","","","4IN;extinction;observation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris balica;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_-_Extinction_of_Panthera_tigris_balica_and_Panthera_tigris_sondaica.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","556","Some extraordinary events","Singh KS;","1965  ","","4IN;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;story;","IN FILE","238","243","","","","","","Hints on tiger shooting","","","","Jaico Publishing House","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1965_Some_extraordinary_events.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","557","Shikar Anecdotes","Singh KS;","1965  ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;story;","IN FILE","276","277","","","","","","Hints on tiger shooting","","","","Jaico Publishing House","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1965_Shikar_Anecdotes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","558","Factors affecting lynx predation on sheep in the French Jura","Stahl P;Vandel J;Ruette S;Coat L;Coat Y;Balestra L;","2002  ","","8FR;conflict;Jura;kill rate;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;problem animal;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","204","216","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. In regions where sheep are kept in fenced pastures and do not graze unattended in carnivore habitats, sheep losses vary greatly between sites and livestock farms. To assess the factors that may predispose farms to lynx predation in the French Jura, we compared sheep availability and environmental characteristics between pastures with and without attacks in a 1800-km2 study area. Nine lynx were radio-tracked in the same area for a total of 21 lynx years to estimate individual killing rates on sheep and to identify possible habitual livestock killers.2. Depending on individual and year, lynx predation rate on sheep within lynx home ranges varied between 0 and 12·4 attacks 100 days-1. Predation rate on sheep was not related to sheep abundance nor sheep dispersion in lynx home ranges. Two individuals became habitual sheep killers during, respectively, their third and fourth year of monitoring. Other lynx that had access to the same flocks were only occasional sheep killers. No obvious causal factor (e.g. sex, reproductive status, physical debilitation) explained the differential individual propensity for lynx to kill livestock.3. We found no difference in sheep availability between pastures with and without attacks, but strong differences in their environmental characteristics. In only 5·1% of 98 pastures > 250 m from a forest were sheep attacked by lynx. In 228 pastures adjacent or connected to forests by cover, 39·1% sustained attacks on sheep by lynx (P < 0·01). For these latter pastures, logistic regression showed a positive effect of their proximity to major forested areas (P < 0·01), absence of human dwellings (P < 0·01), local abundance of roe deer (P = 0·01) and the presence of attacked pastures in their vicinity (P = 0·03).4. These results suggests that lynx damage locally can be explained by a predictable set of habitat features that expose sheep on some pastures to risk, and by an unpredictable event, i.e. an individual developing regular predation on sheep.5. In grazing systems like the Jura, where unattended sheep are distributed patchily and individual problem lynx may appear, removing lynx or lowering density without differentiating individuals will be insufficient to limit conflicts. Selective removals could temporarily reduce predation but the site effect implies that durable management can arise only through improved shepherding. This might include guard dogs in the few local sites at risk and providing shelter for sheep at night when attacks are on the increase.","","","","","","","","Stahl_et_al_2002_Lynx_predation_on_sheep_in_the_French_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","559","Animal breeding systems, hunter selectivity, and consumptive use in wildlife conservation","Greene C;Umbanhowar J;Mangel M;Caro TM;","1998  ","","behavior;breeding;conservation;conservation biology;ecology;life history;mating behavior;modelling;population dynamics;social system;wildlife;","IN FILE","271","305","","","","","","Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology","Caro TM;","11","New York","Oxford University Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Greene_et_al_1998_Breeding_systems_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","560","Tiger, Lion, Leopard and Bear - Distinguishing characteristics of skeletal bones","Huirong L;Lin H;Shaoji C;Chen S;","1988  ","","characteristic;morphology;osteology;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","146","147","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Huirong_et_al_1988_Osteology_of_lion_tiger_leopard_and_bear.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","561","Cry Havoc","Singh AN;","1986  ","","extinction;public attitude;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1986_Cry_Havoc.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","562","White tiger in captivity","","1919  ","Pub Date unsure","4IN;captive breeding;white tiger;","IN FILE","932","933","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1919_White_tiger_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","563","Second Note on the Melanotic Variety of the South-African Leopard","Guenther A;","1886  ","","melanism;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","203","205","","","","","","Dr. Günther on a variety of Felis leopardus","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Guenther_1886_Melanotic_variety_of_the_South-African_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","564","Felidae","Sclater WL;","1900  ","","behavior;coat pattern;coloration;fauna;Felidae;","IN FILE","336","37","","","","","1","The Fauna of South Africa","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sclater_1900_Panthera_pardus.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","565","On a remarkable Variety of the Leopard (Felis pardus) obtained in the East of the Cape Colony","Trimen FRS;","1883  ","","coat pattern;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","535","535","","","","","","Mr. R. Trimen on a variety of the leopard","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Trimen_1883_Remarkable_variety_of_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","566","Records of the tiger hunting in India and Nepal","Sankhala KS;","1978  ","","4IN;4NP;hunting (by human);record;story;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Tiger! The Story of the Indian Tiger","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sankhala_1978_Tiger_hunting_in_India_and_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","567","Gangoli","","1886  ","","4IN;history;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","230","231","","","","","3","Himalayan Gazeteer","","1","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1886 Maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","568","Himalayan tiger","","","","45Asia;diet;Himalaya;intraspecific killing;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","13","13","","","","","2","Himalayan Gazeteer","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Himalayan_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","569","Tiger Research - The Ecology of Tiger in Panna Tiger Reserve","Chundawat RS;","1997  ","TigerLink Meeting","4IN;ecology;Panna Tiger Reserve;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","18","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1997  ","","","","","Chundawat_1997_Ecology_of_tiger_in_Panna_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","570","The Role of Science in Saving the Tiger","Karanth KU;","1997  ","TigerLink Meeting","conservation;public attitude;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","19","19","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1997  ","","","","","Karanth_1997_Role_of_Science_in_Saving_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","571","Tigress sighted in Bharatpur","Singh D;","2000  ","","4IN;Bharatpur;copyright;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_2000_Tigress_sighted_in_Bharatpur.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","572","Family Felidae (Cats)","Ansell WFH;Dowsett RJ;","1988  ","","1MZ;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","65","69","","","","","","Mammals of Malawi","","","Cornwall","Trendline Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ansell_&_Dowsett_1988_Felidae_of_Malawi.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","573","Notes on the biology and status of the small wild cats / International Cat Symposium","Mondolfi E;","1982 Oct ","","2VE;behavior;biology;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;lesser cat;status;","IN FILE","1","45","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mondolfi_1982_Small_cats_in_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","574","Rare and endangered mammals of Chile","Taber RD;Miller S;Rottman J;","1974  ","","2CL;endangered species;Mammalia;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Oncifelis guigna;Oreailurus jacobitus;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Taber_et_al_1974_Endangered_mammals_of_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","575","What will become of Iriomote wildlife?","Horne L;","1984 Feb 25 ","","4JP;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Horne_1984_Iriomote_wildlife.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","576","Mammals and their biomass on a Brazilian ranch","Schaller GB;","1983  ","","2BR;biomass;diet;Panthera onca;predation;predator-prey;prey;","IN FILE","1","3 /22-24","Arquivos Zoologia","","","","31","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_1983_Jaguar_and_prey.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","577","Diversity and conservation of carnivorous mammals in India","Johnsingh AJT;","1986 Nov ","","4IN;biodiversity;Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;Felidae;nature reserve;status;","IN FILE","73","89","","","","","Suppl. 11.1986","Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.(Anim.Sci./ Plant Sci.)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1986_Diversity_and_conservation_of_carnivores_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","578","Felidae","Veevers-Carter W;","1979  ","","4ID;Felidae;Mammalia;Panthera tigris;Prionailurus viverrina;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Land mammals of Indonesia","","","Jakarta","PT Intermasa","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Veevers-Carter_1979_Cats_of_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","579","Conservation of wildlife","Rahimi NM;","1974 Apr 2 ","","5AF;conservation;hunting (by human);legislation;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Kabul Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rahimi_1974_Conservation_of_wildlife.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","580","Lion King","Cater B;","1987  ","","culture;history;human dimension;Panthera leo;public attitude;","IN FILE","513","515","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","October 1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cater_1987_Lion_King.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","581","Formosa and the Clouded Leopard","Nowell K;","1990 Jul 13 ","","4TW;Neofelis nebulosa;trade;","IN FILE","","","CN","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_1990_Formosa_and_the_Clouded_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","582","Clouded Leopard Reports","","1992  ","","distribution;Neofelis nebulosa;sighting;","IN FILE","","","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Clouded_leopard_reports.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","583","Distribución y Estado de Conservación del Gato Andino (Oreailurus jacobita) en Bolivia","Villalba L;Bernal N;","1999  ","","2BO;conservation;distribution;Oreailurus jacobitus;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Villalba_&_Bernal_1999_Distribution_y_estado_de_conservacion_del_gato_Andino_en_Bolivia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","584","Clouded Leopards in Nepal","","1990 Jul 3 ","","4NP;Neofelis nebulosa;status;","IN FILE","","","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Clouded_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","585","Family Felidae","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4ID;Borneo;Felidae;Kalimantan;Neofelis nebulosa;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","176","180","","","","","","An Invitation to the Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","","","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No. 3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","586","Vegetation of some cat habitats in India","Banerjee LK;","1984  ","","4IN;botany;Cat Specialist Group IUCN;Felidae;habitat;vegetation;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","Meeting of Cat Specialist Group IUCN, Kanha - April 1984","","","Kanha","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Banerjee_1984_Vegetation_of_cat_habitats_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","587","Comparative feeding ecology of felids in a neotropical rainforest","Emmons LH;","1987  ","","2PE;diet;ecology;feeding;Felidae;Leopardus pardalis;neotropical rainforest;Panthera onca;prey;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","271","283","Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","","","","20","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Emmons_1987_Feeding_ecology_of_felids_in_a_neotropical_rainforest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","588","Observations of flat-headed cat in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo","Hearn AJ;Ross J;Goossens B;Ancrenaz M;Ambu L;","2010  ","","4MY;Borneo;camera traps;cat;felid;Flat-headed cat;Prionailurus planiceps;Sabah;","IN FILE","15","16","Cat News","","","","52","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Despite being one of only six wild cat species currently classified by the IUCN as Endangered, the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps has received relatively little conservation attention and is arguably the least known of all the world's wild cats. Camera traps are increasingly being used (Fig. 1.) throughout the historical range of this species (Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra), yet it is infrequently recorded, raising concern as to its status (Wilting et al. 2010). Here we provide details of three recent observations of flat-headed cats in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), a protected, but highly fragmented and degraded collection of forest patches along the Kinabatangan river, in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.","1027-2992","","","","","","","Hearn_et_al_2010_Observations_of_flat-headed_cat_in_Borneo.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","589","Conservation in Bhutan - An Overview","Palden J;et al.;","1996 Jul ","includes RefIDs 590-592","4BT;conservation;legislation;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera tigris;Prionailurus bengalensis;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","IUCN Species Survival Commission","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Palden_et_al_1996_Conservation_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","590","Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, 1995","","1995  ","in 'Conservation in Bhutan - An Overview' by Palden 1996 / RefID 589","4BT;Act;conservation;forest;legislation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Palden_et_al_1996_Conservation_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","591","Jigme Dorji Natinal Park - Conservation Management Plan,  1996-97 to 2000-01Draft","","1996  ","in 'Conservation in Bhutan - An Overview' by Palden 1996 / RefID 589","4BT;conservation;Jigme Dorje National Park;management;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Palden_et_al_1996_Conservation_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","592","Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan: Conservation Management Plan,  1995 to 2000","","1995  ","in 'Conservation in Bhutan - An Overview' by Palden 1996 / RefID 589","4BT;conservation;management;Royal Manas National Park;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Palden_et_al_1996_Conservation_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","593","The Tiger in Uttar Pradesh","Singh VB;","1969  ","","4IN;distribution;home range;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;population dynamics;population size;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","106","113","Cheetal","","","","","","","11/69","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1969_Tiger_in_Uttar_Pradesh.pdf","","","",""
"ART","594","The tyger (Poem)","Blake W;","","","Panthera tigris;poem;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","Blake_-_The_tyger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","595","Medical, Reproductive and Management Evaluation of South China Tigers in China","Tilson RL;Armstrong D;Miller E;Byers A;Traylor-Holzer K;Brady G;Menghu W;Zhong X;","1996  ","","captive breeding;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","88","","","","","","","","","Apple Valley, MN","Minnesota Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1996_Medical_Reproduction_and_Management_Evaluation_of_South_China_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","596","The Future of the Tiger","Stracey LPD;","1967 Oct ","","4IN;future;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","2","7","Cheetal","","","","36","","","3-4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stracey_1967_Future_of_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","597","The Year of the Tiger","Troinin V;","1994  ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;year of the tiger;","IN FILE","113","124","Manoa","","","","6","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Troinin_1994_Year_of_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","598","The white tiger","Desai JH;","1970 Dec ","","4IN;albinism;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","551","551","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","67","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Desai_1970_White_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","599","Birth of white tiger (Panthera tigris) Cubs to normal coloured tigers in captivity","Mishra CGH;Acharjyo LN;Choudhury LN;","1982  ","","4IN;albinism;captive breeding;captivity;cub;genealogy;Panthera tigris;pedigree;white tiger;","IN FILE","404","407","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","79","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mishra_et_al_1982_Birth_of_white_tiger_cubs_to_normal_coloured_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","600","Mammals of Honduras - Felidae","Goodwin GG;","1942 May 29 ","","2HN;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus pardalis pardalis;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis colocolo pajeros;Panthera onca;Panthera onca centralis;","IN FILE","184","186","Bulletin American Museum of Natural History","","","","79","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodwin_1942_Cats_of_Honduras.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","601","The wild dog (Cuon alpinus (Pallas)) and the tiger (Panthera tigris (Linn.))","Khajuria H;","1963  ","","4IN;Cuon alpinus;intraguild predation;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","448","449","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","60","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khajuria_1963_Wild_dog_and_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","602","An interesting way of a tiger treating its wound","Parihar AS;","1988  ","","4IN;behavior;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","235","236","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","86","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Parihar_1988_Tiger_treating_its_wound.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","603","On a hunting pair of snow leopards in western Nepal","Shah KB;","1989  ","","4NP;behavior;hunting behavior;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","236","237","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","86","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shah_1989_Hunting_pair_of_snow_leopard_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","604","Caracal (Felis caracal Sohrober) sighted in Panna Forests","Parihar AS;","1989  ","","4IN;Caracal caracal;forest;Madhya Pradesh;sighting;","IN FILE","237","237","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","86","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Parihar_1989_Caracal_sighted_in_Panna_Forests.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","605","Interaction between a male tiger Panthera tigris and his cubs in Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh","Tyabji HN;","1989  ","","4IN;Bandhavgarh National Park;behavior;cub;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;social system;","IN FILE","107","107","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","88","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyabji_1989_Interaction_between_a_male_tiger_and_his_cubs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","606","Sighting of the rusty spotted cat Felis rubiginosa (Geoffroy) in Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary, Gujarat","Chavan SA;Patel CD;Pawar SV;Gogate NS;Pandya NP;","1991  ","","4IN;Gujarat;Prionailurus rubiginosa;nature reserve;sighting;","IN FILE","107","108","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","88","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chavan_et_al_1991_Rusty_spotted_cat_sighting.pdf","","","",""
"THES","607","Mapping Conservation Areas for Carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains - (Part 1: p.1-100)","Salvatori V;","2004  ","Part 2 see ID 609","7PL;7RO;7SK;7UA;activity;area;biodiversity;carnivore;carnivores;Carpathian Mountains;comparison;conflict;conservation;damage prevention;development;distribution;ecological needs;exploitation;grazing;habitat model;human;human activity;husbandry;land cover;large carnivores;livestock;lynx;management;map;mapping;measures;model;modelling;mountains;practice;prevention;protected area;protected areas;protection;range;region;species;summer;Ukraine;value;vegetation;wolf;","IN FILE","1","100 (of 232)","","","","","","","","","","University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering, Sciences & Mathematics, School of Geography","English","","","","","","","The present study is an effort towards the international and multidisciplinary approach to conservation of European biodiversity. The main aim was to map the distribution of suitable areas for the conservation of bears, lynx and wolves in the Carpathian Mountains. It was done applying a distance classifier, the Mahalanobis distance, over a set of environmental variables representing the region. The results suggested that 41, 58 and 65% of the Carpathian Ecoregion is highly suitable for bear, lynx and wolf, respectively. Considering the three carnivores at once, 20% of the area is highly suitable. Suitable areas are fragmented, but interspersed with areas of less suitability value, without being isolated, and spatially distributed all along the Mountain range. The results were validated with an independent data set and results suggest that the model produced an acceptable estimate of the areas effectively occupied by the carnivores. The comparison between suitability maps obtained with the two independent data sets showed that they were consistent, always reaching values of K-Statistics > 0.5. A comparison was made using input data at three spatial resolutions (1km, 250m and 30m). The results obtained were highly dependent on the details provided by the baseline data, although the general trends were consistent. This may depend on the type of input data and the portion of subjective input in the land cover classification data. The latter aspect was further explored through the testing of whether the use of unclassified satellite images, in the form of vegetation index, could replace the land cover maps. It appeared that such a replacement may be conditional to the area considered and the amount of human activities, as well as the ecological needs of the species. In the present study, the results obtained with unclassified images were poorer than those obtained with land cover maps. The development of human activities over the land poses problems of how to integrate land exploitation and biodiversity conservation. The outputs of the environmental modelling exercise were used for estimating the distribution of potential conflicts between the presence of carnivores and livestock husbandry practices. Results suggested an effective management would avoid the summer grazing of livestock in carnivore areas and the use of damage prevention measures. The actual effect of currently protected areas in the region was assessed and the need of an increased portion of protected land, particularly in Romania and Ukraine emerged after analysing the proportion of highly suitable areas for large carnivores under any kind of legal protection.","","","","Degree of Doctor of Philosophy","","","","Salvatori_2004_Conservation_Areas_for_Large_Carnivores_in_the_Carpathians_p1-100.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","608","Observations on predators and prey at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala","Rice CG;","1986  ","","4IN;anti-predator behavior;behavior;Bos gaurus;Canis aureus;Cervus unicolor;Cuon alpinus;Eravikulam National Park;Hemitragus hylocrius;Kerala;observation;Panthera tigris;predation;predator;predator-prey;Presbytis johni;prey;prey selection;","IN FILE","283","305","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Antipredator strategies of Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius), sambar (Cervus unicolor), gaur (Bos gaurus), and Nilgiri langur (Presbytis johni) are described. Habitat use, hunting and killing methods, and prey selection are presented for tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (P. pardus), Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus), jackal (Canis aureus), and humans. Observations and evidence from droppings indicated that tiger, leopard, and wild dog all preyed most frequently on sambar. Leopard and wild dog also preyed on Nilgiri tahr. Observations from Eravikulam National Park are used as a basis for the discussion of some general concepts of antipredator behavior.","","","","","","","","Rice_1986_Predator_and_prey_Kerala.pdf","","","",""
"THES","609","Mapping Conservation Areas for Carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains - (Part 2: p.101-232)","Salvatori V;","2004  ","Part 1 see ID 307","7PL;7RO;7SK;7UA;activity;area;biodiversity;carnivore;carnivores;Carpathian Mountains;comparison;conflict;conservation;damage prevention;development;distribution;ecological needs;exploitation;grazing;habitat model;human;human activity;husbandry;land cover;large carnivores;livestock;lynx;management;map;mapping;measures;model;modelling;mountains;practice;prevention;protected area;protected areas;protection;range;region;species;summer;Ukraine;value;vegetation;wolf;","IN FILE","131","232","","","","","","","","","","University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering, Sciences & Mathematics, School of Geography","English","","","","","","","The present study is an effort towards the international and multidisciplinary approach to conservation of European biodiversity. The main aim was to map the distribution of suitable areas for the conservation of bears, lynx and wolves in the Carpathian Mountains. It was done applying a distance classifier, the Mahalanobis distance, over a set of environmental variables representing the region. The results suggested that 41, 58 and 65% of the Carpathian Ecoregion is highly suitable for bear, lynx and wolf, respectively. Considering the three carnivores at once, 20% of the area is highly suitable. Suitable areas are fragmented, but interspersed with areas of less suitability value, without being isolated, and spatially distributed all along the Mountain range. The results were validated with an independent data set and results suggest that the model produced an acceptable estimate of the areas effectively occupied by the carnivores. The comparison between suitability maps obtained with the two independent data sets showed that they were consistent, always reaching values of K-Statistics > 0.5. A comparison was made using input data at three spatial resolutions (1km, 250m and 30m). The results obtained were highly dependent on the details provided by the baseline data, although the general trends were consistent. This may depend on the type of input data and the portion of subjective input in the land cover classification data. The latter aspect was further explored through the testing of whether the use of unclassified satellite images, in the form of vegetation index, could replace the land cover maps. It appeared that such a replacement may be conditional to the area considered and the amount of human activities, as well as the ecological needs of the species. In the present study, the results obtained with unclassified images were poorer than those obtained with land cover maps. The development of human activities over the land poses problems of how to integrate land exploitation and biodiversity conservation. The outputs of the environmental modelling exercise were used for estimating the distribution of potential conflicts between the presence of carnivores and livestock husbandry practices. Results suggested an effective management would avoid the summer grazing of livestock in carnivore areas and the use of damage prevention measures. The actual effect of currently protected areas in the region was assessed and the need of an increased portion of protected land, particularly in Romania and Ukraine emerged after analysing the proportion of highly suitable areas for large carnivores under any kind of legal protection.","","","","Degree of Doctor of Philosophy","","","","Salvatori_2004_Conservation_Areas_for_Large_Carnivores_in_the_Carpathians_p101-232.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","610","Black Panthers - an inquiry","Pocock RI;","1929  ","","4IN;melanism;","IN FILE","693","694","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pocock_1929_Black_panthers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","611","How far can a tiger swim?","Garga DP;","1947  ","","4IN;behavior;Panthera tigris;swimming;","IN FILE","545","546","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","47","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Garga_1947_How_far_can_a_tiger_swim.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","612","On the methods of measuring tigers","Shillingford JL;et al.;","1920  ","Pub Date unsure","history;measurement;method;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","391","394","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shillingford_1920_Methods_of_measuring_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","613","Tigers in trees","Burton RG;","1920  ","","behavior;climbing;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","383","385","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burton_1920_Tigers_in_trees.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","614","On the occurrence of tigers on the islands of Bombay and Salsette","Prater SH;","1929  ","","4IN;Bombay;island;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","973","974","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prater_1929_Tigers_on_the_islands_of_Bombay_and_Salsette.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","615","... but the cheetah's future is rosier","","1987 Apr 9 ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus raineyi;future;genetics;isozyme variation;status;threat;","IN FILE","","","New Scientist","","","","","","","9.4.1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_But_the_cheetahs_future_is_rosier.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","616","An Experience with a Tigress","Hanhart S;","1929  ","","4IN;behavior;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","976","977","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hanhart_1929_Experience_with_a_Tigress.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","617","Sense of smell in the lion","Olivier HD;","1929  ","","Panthera leo;smell;","IN FILE","977","977","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivier_1929_Sense_of_smell_in_the_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","618","Wounded panther returning to kill","Morris RC;","1929  ","","behavior;live bait;","IN FILE","977","978","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morris_1929_Wounded_panther_returning_to_kill.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","619","Panther Climbing up to a Machan","Burton RW;","1929  ","","behavior;climbing;","IN FILE","978","979","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burton_1929_Panther_climbing_up_to_a_Machan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","620","World's biggest tiger","Ma Y;","1980 Dec ","","measurement;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","62","63","China Reconstructs","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ma_1980_Worlds_biggest_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","621","The sense of smell in Indian Felidae","Morris RC;","1929  ","","4IN;Felidae;smell;","IN FILE","695","695","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morris_1929_Sense_of_smell_in_Indian_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","622","PCR identification of black caviar","DeSalle R;Birstein VJ;","1996  ","","Acipenseridae;fish;genetics;identification;method;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Polydontidae;","IN FILE","197","198","Nature","","","","381","","","16. May 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","DeSalle_&_Birstein_1996_PCR_identification_of_black_caviar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","623","Decoying tiger by sound","Vernay AS;","1929  ","","4IN;behavior;Panthera tigris;vocalisation;","IN FILE","698","699","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vernay_1929_Decoying_tiger_by_sound.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","624","Critiques of PVA ask the wrong questions: throwing the heuristic baby out with the numerical bath water","Brook BW;Burgman MA;Akcakaya HR;O'Grady JJ;Frankham R;","2002  ","","extinction risk;method;Population Viability Analysis;PVA;","IN FILE","262","263","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The analyses of Ellner et al. (2002 [this issue]), like those of Ludwig (1999) and Fieberg and Ellner (2000), suggest that although the predictions of population viability analyses (PVA) may be unbiased, the estimates of extinction risk are usually too imprecise to be worthwhile. Ellner et al. correctly reconcile the superficial discrepancies between Ludwig (1999) and Brook et al. (2000). But they then allude to the recent review by Coulson et al. (2001) that restates the widely held view (see also Harcourt 1995; Beissinger & Westphal 1998) that in circumstances where data are sparse or of low quality (commonly the case for threatened species), PVAs have little useful predictive value and should be dispensed with in favor of 'alternative methods.' The trouble is that none of these authors have specified why these alternatives would be superior to PVA. It is our view that even when PVAs perform poorly against some vaguely defined absolute standard, they still perform better than alternatives that are even more vague, are less able to deal with uncertainty, are considerably less transparent in their reliability, and do not use all the available information.","","","","","","","","Brook_et_al_2002_Critiques_of_PVA_ask_wrong_questions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","625","Vitality of a panther","Vernay AS;","1929  ","","4IN;behavior;","IN FILE","698","699","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vernay_1929_Vitality_of_a_panther.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","626","A record panther","Limouzin E;","1929  ","","4IN;measurement;record;","IN FILE","699","700","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Limouzin_1929_Record_panther.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","627","Optimal design of nature reserves: consequences of genetic drift","Boecklen WJ;","1986  ","","conservation;genetic drift;genetics;nature reserve;nature reserve design;simulation;","IN FILE","323","338","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Computer simulations were used to compare rates of genetic drift and allele fixation in intact populations with those in subdivided populations with the same total numbers of individuals. Subdivided populations with occasional inter-subpopulation migrations typically preserve more heterozygotes over the long term and preserve alleles longer than do corresponding intact populations. Intact populations typically exhibit a short-term (50 generations) advantage over subdivided populations in maintaining heterozygosity. Rates of genetic drift are influenced by population size, intersubpopulation migration rate, and degree of population subdivision. Archipelagos of refuges with occasional inter-refuge migration appear to be the optimal design strategy for genetic conservation.","","","","","","","","Boecklen_1986_Optimal_design_of_nature_reserves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","628","Tiger netting in Mysore","Fraser SM;","1902  ","","culture;Mysore;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","388","391","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","14","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fraser_1902_Tiger_netting_in_Mysore.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","629","Tyger! Tyger!","Krishnan M;","1973 Apr 8 ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","4","9","Sunday Hindusthan Standart Colour Magazine","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Krishnan_1973_Tyger_Tyger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","630","Tiger tracks","Champion FW;","1929  ","","Panthera tigris;track;","IN FILE","284","287","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Champion_1929_Tiger_tracks.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","631","Amur tigers are counted again","","2000 Jan 27 ","","7RU;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population size;","IN FILE","","","Novye Izwestiya","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Amur_tigers_are_counted_again.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","632","Nachweis der Sandkatze (Felis margarita harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb und Groves, 1976) in Jordanien","Hemmer H;","1978  ","","5JO;craniometry;Felis margarita;Felis margarita harrisoni;","IN FILE","62","64","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","43","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1978_Nachweis_der_Sandkatze_in_Jordanien.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","633","Survival at stake","Waghray P;Waghray R;","1997  ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","","","Frontline","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Waghray_&_Waghray_1997_Survival_at_stake.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","634","Big cats on a short leashMany new owners are quickly overwhelmed by their exotic pets, and then, a cycle of mistreatment often follows","Holmstrom D;","2000 Aug 3 ","","3US;captive breeding;cycling population;Felidae;public attitude;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","Christian Science Monitor","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Holmstrom_2000_Big_cats_on_a_short_leash.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","635","Studbooks - Felidae","","","","Felidae;","IN FILE","518","520","","","","","","Studbooks","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","636","Little wild ones","Sorter A;","1998 Feb ","","captive breeding;Felidae;lesser cat;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","56","58","Cats Magazine","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sorter_1998_Little_wild_ones.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","637","Why Cats are Cats and Dogs are Dogs","Sunquist F;","1985  ","","behavior;Canidae;Felidae;","IN FILE","21","26","International Wildlife","","","","15","","","5","","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1985_Why_cats_are_cats_and_dogs_are_dogs.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","638","Bonsai Kitten","","2001  ","","bonsai;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;kitten;public attitude;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Bonsai_kitten.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","639","Husbandry Guidelines for the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)","Fletchall NB;","2000  ","","captive breeding;conservation;history;husbandry;Neofelis nebulosa;reproduction;social system;","IN FILE","1","69","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fletchall_2000_Husbandry_Guidelines_for_the_Clouded_Leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","640","Survey of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in north-eastern India","Athreya VR;Johnsingh AJT;","1995 Nov ","","4IN;camera trap;captive breeding;diet;Neofelis nebulosa;faecal analysis;survey;","IN FILE","1","41","","","","","","","","","Dehradun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","India and Nepal constitute the western limit of the clouded leopard's distribution. Within India, it is reported from the north-eastern states of Sikkim, northern West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura. Little information exists, however on this species within the Indian subcontinent besides what was obtained from two surveys conducted in the states of Assam, Mizoram and Sikkim. This survey was carried out between October 1994 and April 1995, in two protected areas located in Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. The objectives of this survey were: 1. To collect information on the habits, prey species selection and identify threats faced by the clouded leopard in the areas surveyed. 2. To assess abundance of potential prey species of the clouded leopard. 3. To suggest methods which may be useful for future research on this species.","","","","","","","","Athreya_&_Johnsingh_1995_Clouded_Leopard_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","641","LiFeline Project - Proposal","Mansard P;","2000  ","","3BZ;camera trap;conservation;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;project;telemetry;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","The Ridgeway Trust For Endangered Cats","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mansard_2000_LiFeline_Project_Proposal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","642","Feline Facts","Bumstead P;Russel S;Knapik D;Fitch W;","1999  ","","distribution;Felidae;habitat;morphology;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Canada","The International Society for Endangered Cats Canada Inc","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bumstead_et_al_1999_Feline_Facts.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","643","Status and Conservation of Oncifelis guigna (guigna) on Isla Grande de Chilé, Chilé","Sanderson JG;","1998  ","","2CL;conservation;Oncifelis guigna;telemetry;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_1998_Status_and_Conservation_of_Oncifelis_guigna_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","644","Carnivora - Felidae","Allen GM;","1938  ","","4CN;4MN;behavior;Carnivora;distribution;Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","445","489","","","","","","The Mammals of China and Mongolia","Grangers W;","","New York","The American Museum of Natural History","English","","","","","Central Asiatic Expeditions","Andrews RC;","","","","","","","","","Allen_1938_Cats_of_China_and_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","645","Family Felidae","Pocock RI;","1939  ","","4IN;behavior;distribution;fauna;Felidae;habitat;osteology;","IN FILE","190","331","","","","","","Fauna of British India (Mammals)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pocock_1939_Felidae_of_British_India.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","646","Proposal: Transfer of Felis pardalis from Appendix II to Appendix I","","","","CITES;distribution;Leopardus pardalis;politics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_CITES_Felis_pardalis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","647","Black-footed cat in situBenfontein Game Farm","Sliwa A;","1998  ","Pubdate unsure","1ZA;Felis nigripes;box trap;home range;in situ;radio collar;telemetry;trap;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1998_Black-footed_cat_in_situ.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","648","Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) - Population and Habitat Viability Assessment","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt D;Seal US;","1995  ","English and Chinese / includes RefIDs 649 - 657","4TW;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;clouded leopard;conservation;habitat;habitat conservation;model;Neofelis nebulosa;PHVA;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;public awareness;status;viability;workshop;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","As a result of habitat destruction and exploitation, the clouded leopard population in Taiwan has decreased in numbers and may be extinct. Only three sightings of clouded leopards have been recorded in the past 40 years. The Council of Agriculture wants to avoid complete extinction of clouded leopard. As a first step in developing a unified approach for evaluating the status and developing possible scenarios for a restoration program on Taiwan, the Taipei Municipal Zoo held a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis Workshop October 12-15, 1995. During the first day, the current status of the Formosan clouded leopard and other related research were presented to provide background for subsequent discussion. Five working groups were formed to deal with the following issues: 1. Policies and strategies and international cooperation, 2. Habitat conservation and restoration, 3. Captive breeding and management, 4. Public education, 5. Population biology and simulation modeling. The VORTEX model was presented in plenary session; captive clouded leopard data were incorporated into the model to make preliminary runs of risk analysis. A synopsis of those results is presented in the chapters of this report.","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","649","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Status of clouded leopard and role in aboriginal traditions on Taiwan","Nowell K;Jackson P;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648)","4TW;captive breeding;CCT;cct_sr;clouded leopard;culture;distribution;habitat;measures;Neofelis nebulosa;population;status;threats;value;","IN FILE","25","30","","","","","","","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo","English","","","","","","","This section of the Clouded Leopard PHVA (Wang et al. 1995) contains a review of the distribution, status, habitat requirements, and threats of the clouded leopard in Taiwan. Current conservation measures and captive breeding efforts are listed. Its role in the traditions of the aboriginal Lukai tribe is described.","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","650","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Policy and strategies","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;conservation;conservation strategy;Neofelis nebulosa;politics;status;","IN FILE","31","46","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","651","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Habitat Conservation and Restoration","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat conservation;habitat restoration;Neofelis nebulosa;","IN FILE","47","56","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","652","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Public Education","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;conservation;public attitude;Neofelis nebulosa;public education;","IN FILE","57","66","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","653","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Captive Population and Husbandry","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;captive breeding;captive population;conservation;Neofelis nebulosa;population;","IN FILE","67","76","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","654","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Population Biology and Modeling","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;biology;conservation;modelling;Neofelis nebulosa;population;population dynamics;reintroduction;VORTEX;","IN FILE","77","120","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","655","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Materials on Translocation, Molecular genetics, Reproductive Biology and Captive Husbandry","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;biology;captive breeding;conservation;genetics;Neofelis nebulosa;reproduction;translocation;","IN FILE","121","158","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","656","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: Status and Literature","Nowell K;Jackson P;","1995  ","in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;Neofelis nebulosa;conservation;distribution;status;","IN FILE","159","182","","","","","","","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo","English/Chinese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","657","Clouded Leopard -Taiwan: IUCN Policy Statements","","1987  ","Appendix III in: Clouded leopard PHVA (Ref ID 648) / English and Chinese","4TW;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;clouded leopard;conservation;IUCN;Neofelis nebulosa;policy;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;status;","IN FILE","183","","","","","","","","Wang Y;Chu S;Wildt DE;Seal US;","","Taipei, Taiwan","Taipei Zoo","English","","","","","","","This section contains the IUCN Policy Statements on captive breeding and research on endangered species. According to the CBSG policy, habitat protection alone is not sufficient if the expressed goal of the World Conservation Strategy, the maintenance of biotic diversity, is to be achieved. Establishment of self-sustaining captive populations and other supportive intervention will be needed to avoid the loss of many species, especially those at high risk in greatly reduced, highly fragmented, and disturbed habitats. Captive breeding programmes need to be coordinated internationally according to sound biological principles, with a view to the maintaining or reestablishment of viable populations in the wild. This documents further contains draft guidelines for reintroduction programmes and the disposal of confiscated animals.","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1995_Clouded_Leopard_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","658","A Preliminary Survey of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in Mizoram and Sikkim, India","Rai ND;Johnsingh AJT;","1993  ","PubDate unsure","4IN;camera trap;Neofelis nebulosa;Sikkim;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rai_&_Johnsingh_1993_Clouded_Leopard_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","659","Indian cold desert: A status report on biodiversity","Chundawat RS;Rawat GS;","1994 May ","","4IN;biodiversity;desert;Himalaya;Lynx lynx;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","37","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chundawat_&_Rawat_1994_Indian_cold_desert_biodiversity.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","660","Nansei Shoto Expedition Japan - Expedition Report","Barber G;Horne L;Mason M;Perkins S;","1984  ","","4JP;Iriomote;Nansei Shoto;Pentalagus furnessi;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;Sus scrofa;Sus scrofa riukiuanus;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Barber_et_al_1984_Nansei_Shoto_Expedition.pdf","","","",""
"THES","661","Ecological aspects and social system of the Iriomote cat Felis iriomotensis (Carnivora; Felidae)","Sakaguchi N;","1993  ","Pub Date unsure","4JP;Carnivora;Felidae;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;social system;","IN FILE","1","67","","","","","","","","","","Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University Fukuoka","English","","","","","","","","","","","","Thesis","","","Sakaguchi_1993_Ecology_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","662","Transfer of Felis wiedii from Appendix II to Appendix I","","","","CITES;distribution;Leopardus wiedi;politics;status;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_CITES_Felis_wiedii.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","663","Continuation of Ten Year Review - Status of Lesser Latin-American Spotted Cats","","1989  ","Meeting in Montevideo, Uruguay","CITES;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","2nd Meeting of CITES Animals Committee","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1989 Apr 4 ","","","","","CITES_1989_Status_of_Lesser_Latin-American_Spotted_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","664","Amendment to Appendix II of the CITESProposal from the United States of America: Remove Lynx rufus from Appendix II","","","","3US;CITES;distribution;Lynx rufus;politics;status;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Remove_lynx_rufus_from_App_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","665","Deletion of the Canadian population of the bobcat, Lynx rufus from Appendix IIAmendment to Appendix II of CITES - Proposal from Canada","","1981  ","PubDate unsure","3CA;CITES;Lynx rufus;politics;status;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1981_Deletion_Canadian_bobcat_from_App_2.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","666","Conservation, not exploitation","Sankhala KS;","1970  ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","27","31","Span","","","","11","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sankhala_1970_Conservation_not_exploitation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","667","'Wild Heritage' (and other articles)","Hutcherson A;","1996  June-July","","captive breeding;conservation;Felis catus;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;hybridization;Leptailurus serval;Lynx rufus;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","","","TICA Trend - The Official Magazine of The International Cat Association","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hutcherson_1996_Wild_Heritage.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","668","Genetic management considerations for threatened species with a detailed analysis of the Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi)","","1991  ","","3US;captive breeding;Florida;genetics;management;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;translocation;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","","Genetic augmentation workshop sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in cooperation with the Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC/IUCN","","","Washington, D.C.","USFWS Grant Agreement","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Genetic_management_of_threatened_species.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","669","Family Felidae","Vereshchagin NK;","1959  ","Translation from Russian","4AZ;7RU;Caucasus;evolution;fauna;Felidae;history;","IN FILE","266","279","","","","","","The mammals of the Caucasus - A History of the Evolution of the Fauna","Strelkov AA;","","Moskva - Leningrad","Izdatel'stovo Akademii Nauk SSSR","English","","","","","","Pavlovskii EN;","","","","","","","","","Vereshchagin_1959_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","670","Rare and endangered mammals of Saudi ArabiaProceedings of the First Symposium Wildlife Conservation and Development in Saudi Arabia","Nader IA;","1989  ","","5SA;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;conservation;Felis margarita;Mammalia;Panthera leo;wildlife;","IN FILE","220","233","","","","","3","","Abu-Zinada AH;Goriup PD;Nader IA;","","Riyadh","National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development","English/Arabic","","","","","","","","","","1987 Feb ","","","","","Nader_1989_Rare_and_endangered_mammals_of_Saudi_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","671","Review of the nature conservation system, national parks and protected areas","MacKinnon J;","1990 Jul 8 ","","4VN;conservation;conservation strategy;copyright;National Park;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Hanoi","Ministry of Forestry","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","MacKinnon_1990_Review_of_the_conservation_system_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","672","High-rise syndrome in cats","Whitney WO;Mehlhaff CJ;","1987  ","","disease;Felidae;high-rise syndrome;thoracic trauma;","IN FILE","1399","1403","Journal of the American Verterinary Medical Association","","","","191","","","11","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Whitney_&_Mehlhaff_1987_High-rise_syndrome_in_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","673","The Inscrutable Cat Giving Up Its Secrets to Human Scrutiny","Stevens WK;","1989  ","","domestic cat;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;instinct;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stevens_1989_Inscrutable_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","674","Small Wild Felids: Not Just Pussycats","Foreman GE;","","","endangered species;Felidae;habitat;small cats;video trap;","IN FILE","2","7","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Foreman_-_Small_wild_Felids.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","675","Chat chanceux","","1991  ","","domestic cat;falling;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Lucky_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","676","Smaller felid species","","1970  ","","conservation;endangered species;Felidae;","IN FILE","","","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","14","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1970_Smaller_felid_species.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","677","Quelques donnees nouvelles concernant le chat dore d'Afrique, Profelis aurata (Temminck,1827) en Cote d'Ivoire","Bellier L;van Bree PJH;Vissault J;","1972  ","","1Afr;1CI;Profelis aurata;Profelis aurata celidogaster;","IN FILE","","","Biologia Gabonica","","","","8","","","2","","","French","","","","","","","Some new data concerning the African Golden Cat in the Ivory Coast.","","","","","","","","Bellier_et_al_1972_Quelques_donnees_nouvelles_concernant_le_chat_dore_dAfrique_en_Cote_dIvoire.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","678","Pallas' cat (F. manul) - Captive propagation and Research","Bangjie T;","1996  ","","cannibalism;captive breeding;Otocolobus manul;reproduction;research;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1996_Pallas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","679","Bengal cats","Johnston R;","1997  ","","Bengal;Bengal cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;hybridisation;","IN FILE","","","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnston_1997_Bengal_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","680","Rare Jungle Cat Photographed in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra","","1996  ","","4ID;endangered species;Pardofelis marmorata;Sumatra;Way Kambas National Park;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Rare_Jungle_cat_photographed_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","681","Israel's elusive Feline: Sand cats","Abbadi M;","","","8IL;capture;Felis margarita;habitat;trapping;","IN FILE","111","115","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Abbadi_-_Israels_elusive_Feline_-_Sand_cats.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","682","Ecology and Behaviour of Pallas' cat in Mongolia","Brown M;Munkhtsog B;","","","4MN;ecology;habitat;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brown_&_Munkhtsog_-_Ecology_and_behaviour_of_Pallas_cat_in_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","683","Felid hybrids: What is behind the fascination?","Guerrero D;","1997  ","","captive breeding;copyright;Felidae;hybridization;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Guerrero_1997_Felid_hybrids.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","684","Meet your new neighbor","Grossman E;","2001  ","","3US;behavior;conservation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","18","19","Amicus Journal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grossman_2001_Meet_your_new_neighbor.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","685","Stranded","Sahgal B;Scarlott J;","2001  ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","12","17","Amicus Journal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_&_Scarlott_2001_Stranded.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","686","Cats","Hornocker MG;","2001  ","","conservation;Felidae;history;","IN FILE","10","11","Amicus Journal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornocker_2001_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","687","New look at cats","Sunquist F;Sunquist ME;","2000  ","","behavior;Catopuma badia;conservation;Felidae;history;status;","IN FILE","14","23","International Wildlife","","","","","","","","","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_&_Sunquist_2000_New_look_at_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","688","La Chine veille avec un soin jaloux sur ses précieux tigres mandchous","","1978  ","","4CN;captive population;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","Tribune di Genève","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Panthera_tigris_altaica_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","689","Snow, Dogs, Permit, Courage Needed to Catch Soviet Tigers","Wren CS;","1975  ","","7SU;7SW;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Herold Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wren_1975_Catch_Soviet_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","690","Growls silenced the sceptics","","1977  ","","4CN;4IN;attack on human;Panthera tigris;Sai Kung;sighting;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1977_Growls_silenced_the_sceptics.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","691","The cats - Family Felidae","Palmer RS;","","","3NAm;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;Lynx canadensis;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","139","147","","","","","","The Mammal Guide","","","New York","Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City","English","","","","","Doubleday Nature Guides Series","","","","","","","","","","Palmer_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","692","Just like lions","Kitchener AC;","1989  ","","behavior;cats;Felidae;social system;","IN FILE","29","35","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_1989_Just_like_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","693","All along the watchtower","Bryant R;","2001  ","","2MX;3US;conservation;Leopardus pardalis;","IN FILE","20","25","Amicus Journal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bryant_2001_All_along_the_watchtower.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","695","Fewer tigers in Guangdong","Yi Z;Zheng Y;","1990  ","","4CN;endangered species;Guangdong;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","","","China Environment News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zheng_1990_Fewer_tigers_in_Guangdong.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","696","Helping tigers survive","Zheng M;","1989  ","","4CN;captive population;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","6","","China daily","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zheng_1989_Helping_tigers_survive.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","697","Illegal hunt is wiping out rare tigers","Xu Y;Yuanchao X;","1987  ","","4CN;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","","","China daily","","","","","","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Xu_1987_Illegal_hunt_is_wiping_out_rare_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","698","Sumatra Tigers - Cool to Mating","","1980  ","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;reproduction;Sumatra;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1980_Sumatra_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","699","Rewa may be without a White tiger soon","","1976  ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;Rewa;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1976_Rewa_may_be_without_a_white_tiger_soon.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","700","2 white tigresses sent to Texas","","1988  ","","3NAm;Texas;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindu","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Two_white_tigresses_sent_to_Texas.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","701","A black tiger","","1889  ","","4IN;melanism;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1889_Black_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","702","Loss of rare tigers arouses serious concern","","1995  ","","4VN;endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","Vietnam News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Loss_of_rare_tigers_arouses_serious_concern.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","703","Thailand's big cats in desperate plight","Ulrich W;","1991  ","","4TH;conservation;endangered species;habitat;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Bangkok Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ulrich_1991_Thailands_big_cats_in_desperate_pflight.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","704","How to thrill your cat this Christmas","Cherfas J;","1987  ","","behavior;Felidae;Felis catus;smell;","IN FILE","42","44","New Scientist","","","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cherfas_1987_How_to_thrill_your_cat_this_Christmas.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","705","Catalogue of cats","Major A;","","","culture;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;history;language;","IN FILE","","","Verbatim","","","","22","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Major_-_Catalogue_of_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","706","Feeding time at zoo terrifies children","","2000  ","","feeding;live-feeding;zoo;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Feeding_time_at_zoo_terrifies_children.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","707","Chinese Government announces new regulations to end abuses in wildlife","","1999  ","","4CN;copyright;live-feeding;Panthera tigris;wildlife;zoo;","IN FILE","","","PR Newswire","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Wildlife_act_China.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","708","Barbarous sanctuary: Killing time at cruelty park","Bennett C;","1999  ","","4CN;copyright;live-feeding;Panthera tigris;nature reserve;tourism;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bennett_1999_Killing_time_at_cruelty_park.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","709","World's Largest Tiger Breeding Base In China","","1999  ","","4CN;breeding;copyright;endangered species;Panthera tigris;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","Xinhua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Worlds_largest_tiger_breeding_base_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","710","From Snake Trapper to Wildlife Protector","","1999  ","","4CN;breeding centre;copyright;Panthera tigris;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Xinhua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_From_Snake_Trapper_to_Wildlife_Protector.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","711","Tigers kill bus driver in Chinese safari park","","1999  ","","4CN;attack on human;safari park;","IN FILE","","","Foxnews","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Tigers_kill_bus_driver_in_Chinese_safari_park.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","712","Devoted guardian saves tigers","Zhongquan T;Tang Z;","1998  ","","4CN;breeding centre;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","China Environment News","","","","104","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zhongquan_1998_Devoted_guardian_saves_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","713","Endangered rarity - 60 Felis tigris altaica are reared in Xiao Hingan Ling","Po WKY;Wah KYP;","1992  ","","breeding centre;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","Harbin Daily","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wah_1992_Endangered_rarity.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","714","Subspecies and captive breeding of Felidae","Leyhausen P;","","","captive breeding;Felidae;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_-_Subspecies_and_captive_breeding_of_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","715","Hunt on For Prowling Tigers","","1981  ","","4MY;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Malay Mail","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1981_Hunt_on_for_prowling_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","716","Tigers in Indonesia","","1982  ","","4ID;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1982_Tigers_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","717","A tigresse is a girl's best friend","Bose A;","1975  ","","public attitude;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Statesman Weekly","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bose_1975_Tigresse_is_a_girls_best_friend.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","718","A Tigress with seven cubs","","1975  ","","Panthera tigris;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1975_Tigress_with_seven_cubs.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","719","Burning blight","Laidler K;","1987  ","","4CN;endangered species;fire;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","","","Guardian","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laidler_1987_Burning_blight.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","720","Imminent extinction","Bangjie T;","1983  ","","4CN;endangered species;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;poaching;","IN FILE","","","China daily","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1983_Imminent_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","721","3 species of tigers in danger of dying out","Bangjie T;","1980  ","","4CN;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1980_Three_species_of_tigers_in_danger_of_dying_out.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","722","Have Dung, Will Travel","","1981  ","","4CN;anti-predator behavior;fleeing behavior;faeces;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1981_Have_dung_will_travel.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","723","Relating middle-ear acoustic performance to body size in the cat family: measurements and models","Huang GT;Rosowski JJ;Peake WT;","2000  ","","biometrics;Felidae;hearing;measurement;middle ear;senses;","IN FILE","447","465","J Comp Physiol A","","","","186","","","2000","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Huang_et_al_2000_Relating_middle-ear_acoustic_performance_to_body_size_in_cat_family.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","724","Big cats in Cornwall","Boyd A;","2001  ","","8GB;Cornwall;non-native animals;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","96","96","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boyd_2001_Big_cats_in_Cornwall.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","725","The Cats of the Baskervilles","Taylor K;","1993  ","","8GB;Felis chaus;non-native animals;Prionailurus bengalensis;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","23","26","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Taylor_1993_Cats_of_the_Baskervilles.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","726","Small Felids and Clouded Leopards","","","","behavior;Felidae;lesser cat;morphology;Neofelis nebulosa;","IN FILE","281","289","","","","","","Grzymek's Animal Life Encyclopaedia","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Small_felids_and_clouded_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","727","Saving the wild cats","","","","conservation;Felidae;habitat;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Saving_the_wild_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","728","Cat Kin","Neff NA;","1996  ","","copyright;Felidae;history;paleontology;","IN FILE","","","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Neff_1996_Cat_kin.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","729","Cat cameos","Sunquist F;","1996  ","","characteristic;Felidae;habitat;lesser cat;reproduction;","IN FILE","18","29","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1996_Cat_cameos.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","730","Spirit of the Jaguar","Rabinowitz AR;","1996  ","","2SAm;characteristic;copyright;habitat;Panthera onca;poaching;","IN FILE","32","35","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1996_Spirit_of_the_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","731","Who rules the Park?","Packer C;","1996  ","","1Afr;breeding;copyright;habitat fragmentation;National Park;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","36","39","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_1996_Who_rules_the_park.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","732","Lions of the Gir Forest","Chellam R;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;copyright;endangered species;forest;Gir;habitat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","40","43","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_1996_Lions_of_the_Gir_Forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","733","Social organization of mountain lions: does a land-tenure system reuglate population size?","Pierce BM;Bleich VC;Bowyer RT;","2000  ","","3US;distribution;land-tenure system;mountain lion;mule deer;Odocoileus hemionus;population;population size;Puma concolor;regulation;social organization;","IN FILE","1533","1543","Ecology","","","","81","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are thought to regulate their populations via social behavior. The proposed mechanism is a land-tenure system that results in exclusion of individuals from the population through territoriality and temporal avoidance. In the absence of mortality from intraspecific aggression, social behavior can regulate a population only by limiting reproduction. Successful reproduction among large mammals is related to the availability of food. Four states of nature must hold if a population is regulated by social behavior via a land-tenure system in mountain lions: (1) individuals should not be distributed randomly, but each should have its own distinct distribution, and those individuals should maintain regions of exclusivity; (2) use of food within the distribution of an individual should not be random, but should be clumped as individuals try to exclude each other from access to prey; (3) those clumps of prey must not be simply the result of prey distribution, but of social interactions among lions; and (4) social interactions and defense of food should occur in regions where distributions of individuals overlap; therefore, prey use by individual lions in areas of overlap should be less than expected based on the distribution of prey. We tested hypotheses regarding social regulation for a population of mountain lions that co-occurred on a winter range with a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, from 1991 to 1997. Individual mountain lions (n = 10) exhibited distinct distributions, and deer killed by individuals (n = 112) were not distributed randomly within the distribution of the lion that did the killing. Furthermore, the nonrandom distribution of lion-killed deer could be explained by the distribution of live deer alone, but that result was marginally not significant (P = 0.06) and indicated that something else affected the locations of kills made by lions. Results from tests of whether the presence of another mountain lion affected where individuals chose to kill prey indicated that social interactions had no effect. The distribution of deer killed by individual mountain lions in areas of exclusive use and areas of overlap was identical to that expected based on the distribution of live deer alone. That outcome indicated social behavior was not regulating the population of mountain lions via partitioning of prey, and temporal differences in use of space could not explain the distribution of mountain lions we observed. A system of land-tenure and mutual avoidance did not limit the population of mountain lions in Round Valley via partitioning of prey. Our results are concordant with other studies of large mammalian carnivores, which reported that populations were not limited primarily by territoriality but by the supply of food.","","","","","","","","Pierce_et_al_2000_Social_organization_of_mountain_lions_and_land-tenure_system.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","734","The case of the eastern Cougar","Bolgiano C;","1996  ","","3US;copyright;Puma concolor;distribution;endangered species;Florida;","IN FILE","48","51","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bolgiano_1996_Case_of_the_eastern_cougar.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","735","The adaptable leopard","Seidensticker J;Lumpkin S;","1996  ","","4NP;distribution;endangered species;hunting behavior;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","52","55","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_&_Lumpkin_1996_Adabtable_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","736","Tiger Pause","Sunquist ME;","1996  ","","4Asia;Chitwan;conservation;copyright;endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;radio collar;","IN FILE","","","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1996_Tiger_pause.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","737","Can Cats Survive?","Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","conservation;endangered species;Felidae;poaching;","IN FILE","64","65","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","May/June","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornocker_1996_Can_cats_survive.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","738","Cat-saving Science","Amato G;","1996  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;copyright;endangered species;Felidae;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","14/66","67","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","May/June","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Amato_1996_Cat-saving_science.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","739","Alien Big Cats in the UK","Spencer N;","2000  ","","8GB;8IE;non-native animals;livestock damage;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Website","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_2000_Aline_big_cats_in_the_UK.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","740","Beast of Bodmin is just a pussy cat","Alderson A;","1995  ","","8GB;Cornwall;non-native animals;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","9","","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Alderson_1995_Beast_of_Bodmin_is_just_a_pussy_cat.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","741","The Big Cat Flap","Bamping DM;","2000  ","","8GB;copyright;non-native animals;Lynx lynx;population size;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bamping_2000_Big_cat_flap.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","742","The tame and the wild - another Just-So Story?","Leyhausen P;","","","behavior;biology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;social system;story;","IN FILE","57","66","","","","","","The domestic cat: the biology of its behaviour","Turner DC;Bateson P;","5","","Cambridge University Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_-_The_tame_and_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","743","Big cats on the prowl in the British countryside","","2000  ","","8GB;8IE;non-native animals;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Big_cats_in_the_British_countryside.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","744","Island riddle of the sabre-toothed tabby","Neale G;","1994  ","","8GB;non-native animals;island;Leptailurus serval;","IN FILE","28","28","Sunday Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Neale_1994_Island_riddle_of_the_sabre-toothed_tabby.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","745","Skull evidence of Beast of Bodmin","","1995  ","","8GB;Cornwall;non-native animals;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","EDP","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Skull_of_Beast_of_Bodmin.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","746","Carnivora","","","","Carnivora;characteristic;Felidae;history;","IN FILE","926","944","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","747","Cat Family - Felidae","Estes RD;","1993  ","Book Title unsure","behavior;diet;ecology;Felidae;reproduction;social system;","IN FILE","300","326","","","","","","The Safari Companion","","26","","Chelsea Green Publishing Company","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Estes_1993_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","748","Dentition","","","","dentition;Mammalia;","IN FILE","64","64","","","","","","Mammal evolution","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Dentition.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","749","Carnivores","","","","anatomy;Carnivora;measurement;physiology;","IN FILE","74","75","","","","","","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","750","Social organisation and living space","","","","Acinonyx jubatus;Canidae;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris lybica;Hyaenidae;Lynx lynx;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;Puma concolor;social system;","IN FILE","250","292","","","","","","The Carnivores","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Social_organisation_and_living_space.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","751","On the African golden cat, Profelis aurata (Temminck, 1827)","van Mensch PJA;van Bree PJH;","1969  ","","behavior;characteristic;coat pattern;distribution;habitat;history;Profelis aurata;","IN FILE","235","269","Biologia Gabonica","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Mensch_&_Van_Bree_1969_Profelis_aurata.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","752","Featured Feline: African Golden Cat","","1996  ","","characteristic;coloration;diet;habitat;Profelis aurata;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_African_Golden_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"THES","753","Zur Distanzimmobilisation des Eurasischen Luchses (Lynx lynx) - Auswirkungen einer Medetomidin/Ketamin-Kombination auf Anaesthesietiefe, Atem-, Kreislauf- und Stoffwechselfunktionen","Schoene J;","2001  ","","capture;Eurasian lynx;handling;immobilization;Lynx lynx;method;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","112","","","","","","","","","","Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schoene_2001_Zur_Distanzimmobilisation_des_Eurasischen_Luchses.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","754","Carnivores (Felidae)","Anstey S;","1991  ","","1LR;distribution;Felidae;Profelis aurata;Profelis aurata aurata;","IN FILE","65","67","","","","","","Large Mammal Distribution in Liberia","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anstey_1991_Felidae_in_Liberia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","755","Fossa - Night stalker","Hawkins C;","2001  ","","1MG;behavior;Cryptoprocta ferox;Fossa;taxonomy;","IN FILE","55","60","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Evolution took a different tangent in Madagascar and produced a carnivore like nothing else on Earth. A tough one to classify, the fossa proved as hard to meet as you'd expect for an animal about which so little is known.","","","","","","","","Hawkins_2001_Fossa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","756","The Anatomy of a cat","","","","anatomy;Felidae;osteology;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Anatomy_of_a_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","757","Order Carnivora - General Notes","Dollinger P;","1985  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;evolution;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1985_Order_Carnivora_-_General_Notes.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","758","Cat Facts","Kitchener AC;Sunquist F;Simas D;Smythe RH;","","","behavior;eye;Felidae;social system;vision;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_et_al_-_Cat_Facts.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","759","The European endangered breeding program for the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)","Winkler A;","","","breeding;captive breeding;conservation;Cryptoprocta ferox;Fossa;","IN FILE","1","2","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Winkler_-_Breeding_programm_for_the_Fossa.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","760","Seeing red","Smith S;Kitchener AC;","1989  ","","eye;Felidae;senses;vision;","IN FILE","","","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_&_Kitchener_1989_Seeing_red.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","761","The eye of the cat","Smythe RH;","1975  ","","eye;Felidae;senses;vision;","IN FILE","75","79","","","","","","Vision in the animal world","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smythe_1975_Eye_of_the_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","762","Golden cat in the Aberdare National Park","Hardy IW;","1979  ","","1KE;Aberdare National Park;golden cat;Profelis aurata;sighting;","IN FILE","","","EAWLS Bulltin","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","On 14th July 1979 at about 1500 hrs, while driving to The Ark in the Aberdare National Park, Kenya, I was lucky enough to see three Golden Cats, Felis aurata. As far as I can ascertain, this is the first published record of Golden Cat in the Aberdare National Park.","","","","","","","","Hardy_1979_Golden_Cat_in_the_Aberdare_national_park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","763","African golden cat (Felis aurata)","","","not complete, pages missing","1Afr;1AO;1BI;1CF;1CG;1CI;1CM;1GA;1GH;1GM;1GN;1GW;1RW;1SL;1TZ;1UG;1ZR;African golden cat;captive breeding;conservation;distribution;legislation;measure;measures;Profelis aurata;public education;range;status;threat;threats;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Short summary of distribution, status, threats, legislation, and conservation measures taken for the species in each range country.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_African_golden_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","764","Now you see it...","Taylor K;","1998  ","","4MY;Bornean bay cat;Borneo;Catopuma badia;habitat;history;","IN FILE","42","42","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Taylor_1998_Bornean_bay_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","765","The bay cat Catopuma badia, a widely spread, but rare species in Borneo","Meijaard E;","","","4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;distribution;history;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Meijaard_-_Bornean_bay_cat_-_a_widely_spread_but_rare_species.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","766","In your Face","Sunquist F;","1993  ","","Felidae;Mammalia;senses;whisker;","IN FILE","5","10","International Wildlife","","","","","","","","","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1993_In_your_face.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","767","Amur leopard conservation 2002","Hoette M;","2002  ","","7RU;conservation;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;threat;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","Amsterdam, The Netherlands","TIGRIS Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoette_2002_Amur_leopard_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","768","The lynx in the Italian south-eastern Alps","Molinari P;","1998  ","","8IT;Alps;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;diet;distribution;Eurasian lynx;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;SCALP;status;Tarvisiano;","IN FILE","55","64","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","From 1986 to May 1995 I collected records of signs of lynx presence in the region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. A series of regularly checked trail transects, explorative excursions, and the collection of second hand observations led to a total of 150 records. They confirm lynx presence and allow an assessment of the situation. The first lynx are believed to have immigrated to the northern part of the study area from Austria. An increase and the distribution in the signs of presence show a south-westerly expansion. The trend in the Julian Alps and Pre-Alps is also increasing. Some interpretations of the status of this new population are made. The study area is in the far south-eastern Alps. This area is important as a corridor between the Alps and the Balkans, where a re-introduced lynx population exists which would be able to support the Alpine lynx population through dispersing lynx.","","","-32676  ","","","","","Molinari_1998_Lynx_in_the_Italian_south-eastern_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","769","Foraging by lynx and its role in ungulate mortality: the local (Bialowieza Forest) and the Palaearctic viewpoints","Jedrzejewski W;Schmidt K;Milkowski L;Jedrzejewska B;Okarma H;","1993  ","","7PL;Canis lupus;diet;feeding behavior;forest;Lynx lynx;mortality;predator-prey;prey selection;ungulate;","IN FILE","385","403","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","38","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jedrezejewski_et_al_1993_Foraging_by_lynx_and_ungulate_mortality.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","770","The first Sight of Bornean Bay Cat (Catopuma badia) in alive","","1998  ","","4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;sighting;","IN FILE","","","Sinra","","","","59","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_First_sight_of_Bornean_bay_cat_in_alive.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","771","Rediscovery of the Bornean bay cat","Sunquist ME;Leh C;Sunquist F;Hills DM;Rajaratnam R;","1994  ","","4MY;Bornean bay cat;Borneo;captivity;Catopuma badia;characteristic;sighting;taxonomy;","IN FILE","67","70","Oryx","","","","28","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The bay cat Catopuma badia has been rediscovered in Borneo, where it is endemic and where there have been no confirmed sightings since 1928. In November 1992 an adult female, which had been captured by native trappers on the Sarawak-Indonesian border and kept in captivity for same months, was brought into the Sarawak Museum on the point of death. It was only the seventh known specimen and the first of a whole animal. In appearance it bears a striking resemblance to Temminck's cat C. temminckii, although it is much smaller. Genetic analysis of blood and tissue samples will assist in clarifying its taxonomic status.","","","","","","","","Sunquist_et_al_1994_Rediscovery_of_the_Bornean_bay_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","772","First public sightings: Finally captured on film, the phantom-like Bornean Bay Cat","","","","4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;history;sighting;","IN FILE","","","Sinra","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_First_public_sightings_of_Bornean_bay_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","773","Roaring and screaming","","1987  ","","Felidae;roaring;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;vocalisation;","IN FILE","","","NS","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Roaring_and_screaming.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","774","The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats","Hast MH;","1989  ","","Felidae;morphology;roaring;vocalisation;","IN FILE","117","121","Journal of Anatomy","","","","163","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Dissections were made of the larynges of 14 species of the cat family, with representative specimens from all genera. It was found that the vocal folds of the larynx of genus Panthera (with the exception of the snow leopard) from the basic structure of a sound generator well-designed to produce a high acoustical energy. Combined with an efficient sound radiator (vocal tract) that can be adjusted in length, a Panthera can use its vocal instrument literally to blow its own horn with a 'roar'. Also, it is proposed that laryngeal morphology can be used as an anatomical character in mammalian taxonomy.","","","","","","","","Hast_1989_Larynx_of_roaring_and_non-roaring_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","775","The Bornean bay cat","Sunquist ME;","1994  ","","4MY;Bornean bay cat;Borneo;Catopuma badia;characteristic;","IN FILE","","","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1994_Bornean_bay_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","776","Featured Feline: Bay Cat (Felis badia)","","1999  ","","4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;characteristic;coloration;habitat;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1999 Bay cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","777","Bornean bay cat (Felis badia)","","","","4ID;4MY;Bornean bay cat;Borneo;cat;Catopuma badia;conservation;distribution;habitat;measure;measures;population;status;threat;threats;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Rough summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for the Bornean bay cat.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Bornean_bay_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","778","Bay Cat - Felis badia: Distribution map","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;distribution;habitat;Kalimantan;","IN FILE","369","369","","","","","","Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","Indonesia","Japan Int. Coop. Agency and Dir. Gen. of Higher Education","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No. 3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Bay_cat_-_map.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","779","Experimental Application of Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) to Large Carnivores","Forthmand DL;","","","Conditioned Taste Aversion;field experiment;prevention;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Forthmand_-_Conditioned_Taste_Aversion_to_large_Carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","780","Coyote Control and Taste Aversion","Forthmand DL;Gustavson SR;Rusiniak KW;","1985  ","","captive experiments;Conditioned Taste Aversion;","IN FILE","253","264","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Forthmand_et_al_1985_Coyote_control_and_Taste_Aversion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","781","Research on Forms of Conditioned Avoidance in Coyotes","Lehner PN;Horn SW;","1985  ","","Canis latrans;Conditioned Taste Aversion;research;","IN FILE","265","267","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lehner_&_Horn_1985_Research_on_forms_of_conditioned_aviodance_in_Coyotes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","782","Brief Comments on 'Coyote Control and Taste Aversion'","Wade DA;","1985  ","","Conditioned Taste Aversion;","IN FILE","268","271","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wade_1985_Comments_on_Coyote_Control_and_Taste_Aversion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","783","Coyote Control and Taste Aversion: A Predation Problem or a People Problem?","Ellins SR;","1985  ","","Canis latrans;Conditioned Taste Aversion;coyote;livestock depredation;method;predation;","IN FILE","272","275","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Failures to suppress coyote predation on domestic livestock using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm may be due to such factors as poor livestock management procedures and overestimated coyote predation data. in addition to theoretical and methodological problems as indicated by Forthman Quick, Gustavson and Rusiniak.","","","","","","","","Ellins_1985_Coyote_control_and_Taste_Aversion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","784","A Comment on 'Coyote Control and Taste Aversion'","Burns RJ;Connolly GE;","1985  ","","Canis latrans;copyright;Conditioned Taste Aversion;","IN FILE","276","281","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The application of aversive conditioning (AC) to coyote (Canis latrans) management was first proposed by Gustavson, Garcia, Hankins & Rusiniak (1974). This publication stimulated a flurry of research until about 1980, when most workers had abandoned the concept as ineffective or impractical. In 'Coyote control and taste aversion', Forthman Quick, Gustavson & Rusiniak (1985) seek to resurrect AC, and their particular paradigm, as a practical method for reducing coyote predation on domestic animals. However, they offer no new scientific information. Instead, they argue that persons who found LiCI baiting not to deter coyote predation either misunderstood or misapplied the concept-an argument we believe inadequate to explain recent contrary results. Lithium chloride-induced AC is one of the few innovative predation management concepts to surface in recent years, and we believe that Gustavson et al. (1974) deserve credit for first testing the concept. Unfortunately, many researchers subsequently were unsuccessful in using LiCI-treated baits to control coyote predation. OnIy part of this literature is cited by Forthman Quick et al. (1985). They omitted several recent papers that contradict their point of view (Conover, Francik & Miller, 1979; Conover, 1982; Boume & Dorrance, 1982; Bums, 1980 and 1983 a, b; Horn, 1983). In spite of the assertions of Forthman Quick et al. (1985), both theoretical and practical questions need resolving before AC could become a practical predator management technique. Some of the more important questions are identified here.","","","","","","","","Burns_&_Connolly_1985_Comments_on_Coyote_Control_and_Taste_Aversion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","785","Commentary on 'Coyote Control and Taste Aversion': Editor's Report","Booth DA;","1985  ","","Canis latrans;copyright;Conditioned Taste Aversion;","IN FILE","282","283","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Booth_1985_Commentary_on_Coyote_Control_and_Taste_Aversion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","786","Coyotes and Taste Aversion: The Authors' Reply","Forthmand DL;Gustavson SR;Rusiniak KW;","1985  ","","baiting;Canis latrans;Conditioned Taste Aversion;coyote;method;","IN FILE","284","290","Appetite","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We have carefully considered the responses to our paper contributed by Bums & Connolly, Ellins, Lehner & Horn and Wade, and have tried as far as is possible to address the remarks in each of their commentaries. However. we are of the opinion that a number of their points had already been treated adequately in the original paper, and so did not require further discussion. Rather than providing a single response to similar statements from more than one author, we have considered each commentary separately. We are grateful to the Editor of Appetite for having provided a forum for the presentation of our different points of view on this subject.","","","","","","","","Forthmand_et_al_1985_Coyotes_and_taste_aversion_-_the_authors_reply.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","787","How cats purr","Frazer Sissom DE;Rice DA;Peters G;","1991  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;age;cat;cats;cheetah;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;measurement;morphology;muscle;puma;Puma concolor;purring;vocalisation;","IN FILE","67","78","","J Zool , Lond ","","","223","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We measured purring in unrestrained intact pumas, cheetahs and domestic cats. Domestic cats, Felis silvestris f. catus, purr at a frequency of 26.3 ±  1.95 (S.D.) Hz. The frequency at midexpiration exceeds that at mid-inspiration by 2.4 ± 1.3 Hz. Purring frequency for individuals does not change with age. Purring can occur simultaneously with other vocalization. Two-channel acoustic measurements confirm that the primary mechanism for sound and vibration production is a centrally driven laryngeal modulation of respiratory flow. The diaphragm and other muscles appear to be unnecessary for purring other than to drive respiration.","","","","","","","","Frazer_Sissom_et_al_1991_How_cats_purr.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","788","Application of Aversion Techniques for the reduction of losses to Beehives by Black bears in Northeastern Saskatchewan","Polson JE;","1983  ","","3CA;Ursus americanus;Conditioned Taste Aversion;Saskatchewan;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Polson_1983_Application_of_Aversion_Techniques.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","789","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - General Notes","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;evolution;Felidae;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_General_Notes.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","790","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Identification Aid to Felidae Species","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;Felidae;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Identification_Aid.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","791","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis aurata","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Profelis aurata;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_aurata.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","792","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis bengalensis","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_bengalensis.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","793","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis bieti","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Felis bieti;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_bieti.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","794","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis caracal","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Caracal caracal;Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","795","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis chaus","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Felis chaus;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_chaus.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","796","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis colocolo","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_colocolo.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","797","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis concolor","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_concolor.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","798","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis geoffroyi","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Oncifelis geoffroyi;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_geoffroyi.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","799","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis guigna","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Oncifelis guigna;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_guigna.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","800","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis jacobita","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Oreailurus jacobitus;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_jacobita.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","801","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis lynx","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Lynx canadensis;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Lynx rufus;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","802","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis manul","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_manul.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","803","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis margarita","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Felis margarita;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_margarita.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","804","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis marmorata","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Pardofelis marmorata;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_marmorata.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","805","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis nigripes","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Felis nigripes;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_nigripes.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","806","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis pardalis","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Leopardus pardalis;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_pardalis.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","807","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis planiceps","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_planiceps.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","808","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis rubiginosa","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Prionailurus rubiginosa;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_rubiginosa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","809","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis rufa","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Lynx rufus;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_rufa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","810","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis serval","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Leptailurus serval;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_serval.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","811","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis silvestris","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","812","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis temmincki","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;Catopuma temmincki;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_temmincki.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","813","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis tigrina","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Leopardus tigrinus;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_tigrina.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","814","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis viverrina","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Prionailurus viverrina;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_viverrina.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","815","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis wiedii","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Leopardus wiedi;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_wiedii.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","816","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Felis yagouarundi","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Felis_yagouarundi.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","817","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Panthera leo","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Panthera_leo.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","818","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Panthera onca","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Panthera_onca.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","819","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Panthera pardus","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Panthera_pardus.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","820","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Panthera tigris","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Panthera_tigris.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","821","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Panthera uncia","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Panthera_uncia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","822","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Neofelis nebulosa","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;Neofelis nebulosa;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Neofelis_nebulosa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","823","Order Carnivora - Family Felidae - Acinonyx jubatus","Dollinger P;","1982  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;morphology;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dollinger_1982_Felidae_-_Acinonyx_jubatus.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","824","Tsushima Cat","Conrad K;","2000  ","","4JP;habitat;population size;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus;Tsushima;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Conrad_2000_Tsushima_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","825","The Studies on Rational Utilization and Scientific Management of Leopard Cat in ChinaSSC Meeting China, Beijing","Wang Y;Jiang X;Feng Q;Chen Z;","1996  ","","4CN;distribution;habitat;hunting (by human);Prionailurus bengalensis;management;SSC;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1996 Jun 23 ","","","","","Wang_et_al_1996_Leopard_cat_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","826","Leopard Cat in Philipines","Sanderson JG;","2000 Dec 4 ","","4PH;distribution;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_2000_Leopard_cat_in_Philippines.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","827","Leopard Cat: Distribution map","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4ID;distribution;Kalimantan;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","371","371","","","","","","Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","Indonesia","Japan Int. Coop. Agency and Dir. Gen. of Higher Education","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No. 3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Leopard_cat_-_map.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","828","Featured Feline: Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)","","2001 Apr ","","characteristic;conservation;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","829","Prionailurus bengalensis","Yu J;Wozencraft WC;","1991 Nov 25 ","","behavior;characteristic;distribution;ecology;genetics;Prionailurus bengalensis;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","","","","The American Society of Mammologists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yu_&_Wozencraft_1991_Prionailurus_bengalensis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","830","Research Propsal: The Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis) in China - Ecology and Management for Sustainable Utilization","Johnson KA;Yingxiang W;Fuller TK;","1993 Jan 20 ","","4CN;distribution;ecology;habitat;Prionailurus bengalensis;management;project;research;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1993_Felis_bengalensis_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","831","Project proposal: Investigation of Southern China TigerRhinocersos and tiger conservation Fund","Jin K;","1997 Sep 29 ","","4CN;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;project;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harbin, China","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jin_1997_Investigation_of_Southern_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","832","The private life of the caracal, Felis caracal","Stuart CT;","1984  ","","1Afr;behavior;Caracal caracal;diet;distribution;ecology;osteology;","IN FILE","28","36","","","Naturalist","","28","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1984_Private_life_of_the_Caracal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","833","Home-range use, activity, and density of caracal in relation to prey density","Avenant NL;Nel JAJ;","1998  ","","activity;Caracal caracal;density;diet;home range;prey;prey density;","IN FILE","347","359","African Journal of Ecology","","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Two male and three female caracal Felis caracal were radio-tracked over a 1-year period in arid shrub on the west coast of South Africa, by day and night over at least 130 days for each caracal, and uninterrupted for up to 120 h at a time. These results, on short-term use of space, were related to concurrent availability of prey. The use by caracal of specific plant communities showed a significant positive correlation to prey biomass of rodents. Males had much larger home-ranges (26.9±0.75 km²) than females (7.39±1.68 km²). Male home-ranges overlapped completely with those of females, whereas female ranges overlapped between 0 and 19 %. Caracal were active by night and day; onset of activity was affected more by ambient temperature (TA) than photoperiod. Caracal were active significantly longer on nights colder than 20°C. Females ceased activity at TA > 20° C, males at TA > 22° C. Males foraged faster than females (667 vs. 312 m h-1) and moved more than twice the distance of females during an active period. Calculated density of caracal was between 0.23 and 0.47 km-2.","","","","","","","","Avenant_&_Nel_1998_Caracal_density.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","834","Le caracal","Schauenberg P;","","","Caracal caracal;characteristic;coloration;ecology;","IN FILE","37","46","","","","","","Guide des Félines","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schauenberg_-_Caracal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","835","Assessing the suitability of central European landscape for the reintroduction of Eurasian lynx","Schadt S;Revilla E;Wiegand T;Knauer F;Kaczensky P;Breitenmoser U;Bufka L;Cerveny J;Koubek P;Huber T;Stanisa C;Trepl L;","2002  ","","8DE;connectivity;Geographic Information System;habitat fragmentation;habitat model;large-scale;logistic regression;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;spatial model;","IN FILE","189","203","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. After an absence of almost 100 years, the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx is slowly recovering in Germany along the German-Czech border. Additionally, many reintroduction schemes have been discussed, albeit controversially, for various locations. We present a habitat suitability model for lynx in Germany as a basis for further management and conservation efforts aimed at recolonization and population development.2. We developed a statistical habitat model using logistic regression to quantify the factors that describe lynx home ranges in a fragmented landscape. As no data were available for lynx distribution in Germany, we used data from the Swiss Jura Mountains for model development and validated the habitat model with telemetry data from the Czech Republic and Slovenia. We derived several variables describing land use and fragmentation, also introducing variables that described the connectivity of forested and non-forested semi-natural areas on a larger scale than the map resolution.3. We obtained a model with only one significant variable that described the connectivity of forested and non-forested semi-natural areas on a scale of about 80 km2. This result is biologically meaningful, reflecting the absence of intensive human land use on the scale of an average female lynx home range. Model testing at a cut-off level of P > 0·5 correctly classified more than 80% of the Czech and Slovenian telemetry location data of resident lynx. Application of the model to Germany showed that the most suitable habitats for lynx were large-forested low mountain ranges and the large forests in east Germany.4. Our approach illustrates how information on habitat fragmentation on a large scale can be linked with local data to the potential benefit of lynx conservation in central Europe. Spatially explicit models like ours can form the basis for further assessing the population viability of species of conservation concern in suitable patches.","","","","","","","","Schadt_et_al_2002_Lynx_habitat_suitability.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","836","Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis)","","","","4BD;4BT;4BU;4CN;4ID;4IN;4KH;4MY;4NP;4TH;4TW;5PK;conservation;distribution;habitat;leopard cat;measures;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for the leopard cat throughout its range.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Leopard_cat_3.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","837","Notes on the Behavior and Movements of Leopard Cats, Felis bengalensis, in a Dry Tropical Forest Mosaic in Thailand","Rabinowitz AR;","1990  ","","4TH;activity;behavior;forest;home range;leopard cat;Prionailurus bengalensis;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","397","403","Biotropica","","","","22","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Three males and one female leopard cat were radio-collared and followed for periods of 1-13 months in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. The cats had overall home ranges from 1.5-7.5 km2 with core areas of 0.7-2 km2. A female leopard cat utilized an area of 6.6 km2 over 13 months while a male leopard cat, who shifted ranges, used 7.5 km2 over 3.5 months. Cars followed for longer periods of time generally showed larger overall ranges. The cats were active 50 percent of the time and displayed arrhythmic activity patterns. Leopard cats followed for at least several months showed seasonal variation in movement and ranging patterns. Fourteen prey items were identified in the feces of leopard cats, with small mammals, particularly Maxomys surifer, dominating the prey. Leopard cats preferred resting and moving on the ground, utilizing dry deciduous dipterocarp forest proportionally less than dry evergreen or mixed deciduous forest. Annual fires that help maintain the dry deciduous dipterocarp forest in the study area may affect both short and long term survival of leopard cats.","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1990_Behaviour_and_Movements_of_Leopard_cats_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","838","Felis bengalensis - The status of Asian Leopard Cat - Populations and Trade","","","","Prionailurus bengalensis;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","International Wildlife Coalition","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_bengalensis_status.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","839","Leopard cat - Felis bengalensis","","1991  ","Draft","conservation;distribution;habitat;Prionailurus bengalensis;subspecies;threat;trade;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","840","Caracal Relocation to South Africa","","1999  ","on: www.wildlink.org.uk/press2.htm","1ZA;Caracal caracal;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","Website","","","","","","","","","Wildlink","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Caracal_relocation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","841","Habitat use in sympatric small carnivores in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India","","1994  ","Pub Date unsure","4IN;Canis aureus;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;Felis chaus;habitat use;interspecific competition;Rajasthan;Sariska Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mukherjee_1994_Habitat_use_of_small_carnivores_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","842","Range size and habitat use of an adult male caracal in northern Saudi Arabia","van Heezik YM;Seddon PJ;","1998  ","","5SA;Caracal caracal;habitat;habitat use;home range;","IN FILE","109","112","Journal of Arid Environments","","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Heezik_&_Seddon_1998_Caracal_home_range_Saudi_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","843","Field investigations on the ecology of three felid species, the African wild cat (Felis libyca), blackfooted cat (Felis negripes) and caracal (Profelis caracal) in the mountain Zebra National Park","Leyhausen P;Pfleiderer M;","1994  ","","1ZA;baiting;behavior;Caracal caracal;copyright;ecology;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;home range;Zebra National Park;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_&_Pfleiderer_1994_Ecology_of_Felis_lybica_Felis_nigripes_and_Profelis_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","844","The Tsavo Leopard Project","Hamilton PH;","1974  ","","cage trap;capture;method;Panthera pardus;project;radio collar;telemetry;trap;","IN FILE","2","6","AWLF News","","","","9","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hamilton_1974_Tsavo_Leopard_Project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","845","Behavioural ecology of caracal (Felis caracal Schmitzi) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, Western IndiaProposal for Approval by the RAC of the Wildlife Institute of India","Goyal SP;Johnsingh AJT;","","","4IN;Caracal caracal;ecology;telemetry;Rajasthan;Sariska Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goyal_&_Johnsingh_-_Behavioural_ecology_of_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","846","Family Felidae","Gibson SC;","","","1ZW;Caracal caracal;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;status;","IN FILE","60","61","","","","","","The status and distribution of small carnivores in Zimbabwe","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gibson_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","847","Consideration of Proposals for Amendment of Appendices I and IITransfer from Appendix I to Appendix II of Felis bengalensis bengalensis","","","","CITES;politics;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_CITES_Felis_bengalensis_bengalensis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","848","Vietnam - Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis)","Ha DD;","1991  ","","4VN;habitat;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duc_1991_Leopard_cat_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","849","Felis bieti (Desert cat)","Yanfa L;","","","4CN;characteristic;desert;distribution;Felis bieti;Felis bieti chutuchta;Felis bieti vellerosa;habitat;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yanfa_-_Felis_bieti.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","850","Chinese Desert Cat","Bangjie T;","1991  ","","4CN;conservation;desert;Felis bieti;habitat;status;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1991_Chinese_Desert_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","851","Chinese Mountain Cat","","1998  July","","4CN;coloration;Felis bieti;habitat;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Chinese_Mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","852","Convention on international trade in endangeres species of wild fauna and floraSummary report of the Committee I Meeting","Gabel R;Inskipp TP;","1994  ","","CITES;endangered species;fauna;flora;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;trade;","IN FILE","4","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gabel_&_Inskipp_1994_International_trade_in_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","853","Chinese mountain cat (Felis bieti)","Groves CP;","1980  ","","characteristic;evolution;Felis bieti;habitat;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","35","41","","","","","","Carnivore 3 (3)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Groves_1980_Chinese_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","854","Leopard cat","Bangjie T;","1991 May 11 ","","4CN;conservation;habitat;Prionailurus bengalensis;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1991_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","855","Evolution of lynx population in Turkey","Serez M;","1990  ","","8TR;Caracal caracal;conservation;distribution;evolution;habitat;Lynx lynx;population;status;","IN FILE","26","29","","","","","","","","","Strasbourg","Council of Europe","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Serez_1990_Evolution_of_lynx_population_in_Turkey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","856","Caracal (Felis caracal): Current status","","","","1Afr;Caracal caracal;conservation;distribution;measures;status;subspecies;threats;","IN FILE","1","33","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for the Caracal.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Caracal_current_status.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","857","Turkmenian caracal lynx","","1978  ","PubDate unsure","7RU;7SU;Caracal caracal;Caracal caracal michaelis;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Turkmenian_Caracal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","858","Sexual dimorphism of caracal Felis caracal in Cape Province","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","1992  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;sexual dimorphism;","IN FILE","537","538","Journal of African Zoology","","","","106","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_Sexual_dimorphism_of_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","859","The sex ratio of caracal (Felis caracal) collected in Cape Province, South Africa","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","","Manuscript","1ZA;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;population dynamics;sex ratio;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_Sex_ratio_of_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"THES","860","The biology and ecology of the caracal (Felis caracal) in the Aravah Valley of Israel","Weisbein Y;Mendelssohn H;","1989  ","summary of thesis","8IL;activity;biology;Caracal caracal;ecology;home range;population dynamics;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Weisbein_&_Mendelssohn_1989_Biology_and_ecology_of_the_caracal_in_Israel.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","861","There's a trick to catching a caracal","Moolman LC;","1994  ","","1ZA;capture;Caracal caracal;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","","","Custos - Natuurbewaringstydskrif","","","","13","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moolman_1994_Theres_a_trick_to_catching_a_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","862","Reproduction of the caracal Felis caracal from the Cape Province of South Africa","Bernard RTF;Stuart CT;","1987  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;mating;reproduction;","IN FILE","177","182","","South African Journal of Zoology","","","22","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Reproduction of the caracal was studied using captive animals, field observations and gross and histological examination of male and female reproductive organs. Mating behaviour was similar to that previously reported for the felids and the mean gestation length was 79 days. The mean litter size was 2,2 for captive animals and wild killed pregnant females carried between one and three foetuses. Age at puberty for males and females was between seven and ten months, and first successful copulations occurred at between 12 and 14 months. Births occurred throughout the year with a pronounced peak summer. Spermatogenesis was aseasonal with a reduction in reproductive activity in winter.","","","","","","","","Bernard_&_Stuart_1987_Reproduction_of_the_caracal_from_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","863","Radio tracking of leopards and caracals in the Stellenbosch area, Cape Province","Norton PM;Lawson AB;","1985  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;home range;movement pattern;Panthera pardus;telemetry;tracking;","IN FILE","17","24","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","15","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Norton_&_Lawson_1985_Radio_tracking_of_leopards_and_caracals.pdf","","","",""
"THES","864","Aspects of the biology of the caracal (Felis caracal) in the Cape Province, South Africa:A synthesis of the state of current knowledge of Felis caracal Biology and management implications","","1982  ","","1ZA;biology;breeding;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;diet;home range;management;movement pattern;status;","IN FILE","188","203","","","","","","","","","","University Natal, Pietermaritzburg","English","","","","","","","","","","","MSc","","","","Anonymous_1982_Caracal_biology_and_management_implications.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","865","The distribution and status of Felis caracal Schreber, 1776","Stuart CT;","1984  ","","1Afr;Caracal caracal;distribution;status;","IN FILE","197","203","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","31","","","2/3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1984_Distribution_and_status_of_Caracal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","866","A Story is compiled","Stuart CT;","1984  ","","1ZA;Caracal caracal;story;track;","IN FILE","38","41","","","Naturalist","","28","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1984_Story_is_compiled.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","867","The conservation status of biological resources in the Philippines","Cox R;","1988 Jan ","Draft / not full","4PH;biodiversity;conservation;endangered species;forest;nature reserve;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre","English","","","","","","","This report discusses the conservation status of the biological resources of the Philippine archipelago. These include a wide variety of tropical moist forest formations, a rich and diverse assemblage of faunal species many of which are endemic, and several important marine and coastal ecotypes. Tropical forests originally covered most of the Philippines but human population density is very high on all the major islands (with the exception of Palawan) and much of the natural vegetation has now been destroyed or modified by slash-and-burn cultivators. This form of forest clearance is not controlled in any way and is mostly illegal. Estimates of the rate of habitat destruction vary but official figures indicate that in 1981 there were only 2.2 million ha of undisturbed virgin rain forest in the Philippines and that these were being felled at a rate of approximately 170,000 ha per annum. Where native vegetation survives it consists mainly of mixed dipterocarp, tropical montane, mossy (subalpine), molave and pine forest formations. The forests of the Philippines support a fauna that is characterized by an unusually high percentage of species endemism. Of approximately 89 species of indigenous non-volant land mammals identified from the archipelago at least 70 (or 78.7 %) are found nowhere else in the world.","","","","","","","","Cox_1988_Biological_resources_in_the_Philippines.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","868","Status of the leopard, clouded leopard, and smaller felids in Nepal","McDougal CW;","1992  ","","4NP;Felis chaus;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera pardus;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus viverrina;status;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1992_Status_of_Leopard_Clouded_leopard_and_smaller_felids_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","869","Leopard cat Felis bengalensis","","1992  ","","4CN;CITES;endangered species;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;trade;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","870","Felidae","","","","Felidae;Felis chaus;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus rubiginosa;","IN FILE","297","298","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felidae_2.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","871","Spotted grey wild cat","","1986 Nov 4 ","","4IN;attack on human;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;Rishra;","IN FILE","16","16","","Statesman","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Spotted_grey_wild_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","872","A wounded sambhur seized by a tiger","Morris CWG;","1929  ","","4IN;attack on human;behavior;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","695","696","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morris_1929_Wounded_sambhur_seized_by_a_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","873","Red Date Book of the Republic of KoreaPart 1 and 2 Mammals and Birds","Won P;","1981  ","","4KR;endangered species;Mammalia;Red List;","IN FILE","272","273","","","","","","Red Date Book of the Republic of Korea","","","Repub.Korea","Korean Association for conservation of Nature","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Won_1981_Red_Data_-_Mammals_and_Birds_Korea.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","874","Report on visit to Protected Areas in Iran / Postgraduate Programmes in Wildlife Biology in the College of Natural Resources, Karaj / Teaching during consultancy period","Groves CP;","","","5IR;biology;conservation;Felidae;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","United Nations Development Programme","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Groves_-_Conservation_in_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","875","What the cat brought in","Woods M;","2001  February","","behavior;domestic cat;ecological impact;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;hunting behavior;predation;prey;","IN FILE","30","32","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Woods_2001_What_the_cat_brought_in.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","876","The cat","Hemmer H;","1990  ","","domestication;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","45","49","","","","","","Domestication - the decline of environmental appreciation","","","Cambridge","Cambridge University Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1990_Cat_domestication.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","877","Leopard cat - Kucing Congkok","Soeharto B;","1990  ","","4ID;behavior;Kalimantan;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","65","65","","","","","","Kalimantan","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Soeharto_1990_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","878","Amur Leopard Conservation 2002 (PowerPoint Presentation)","Hoette M;","2002  ","","7RU;conservation;distribution;Geographic Information System;habitat;livestock damage;monitoring;Panthera pardus;public education;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoette_2002_Amur_leopard_conservation_ppt.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","879","Report on the field survey of wild population of South China tiger","","2001  ","","4CN;camera trap;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;status;subspecies;survey;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","The Central Group of South China Tiger Survey, Wildlife Research & Development Center (WRDC), State Forestry Administration of P.R. China (SFA)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CGSCT_2001_South_China_tiger_survey.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","880","Answer for the questionnaire on the leopard cat","Yu J;","","","Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis;questionnaire;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yu_-_Leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","881","Felis minuta Temminck","Sanborn CC;","1952  ","","4PH;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","139","139","","","","","","Philippine Zoological Expedition : Mammals","","","Chicago","Chicago Natural History Museum","English","","","","","Fieldiana: Zoology, Vol. 33, No. 2","","","","","","","","","","Sanborn_1952_Felis_minuta_Philippines.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","882","Domestic cat (Felis catus)","Jewes C;","","","distribution;domestic cat;domestication;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;status;","IN FILE","84","91","","","","","","NATURALIZED MAMMALS OF THE WORLD","","","New York","Longman","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jewes_-_Domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","883","Cat","Compton;","1974  ","","anatomy;behavior;breeding;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","151","155","","","","","","Compton's Encyclopedia","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Compton_1974_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","884","A Crusade to Wipe Out a Voracious Interloper","Mydans S;","1997 Jan 29 ","","Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;non-native animals;","IN FILE","2","2","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mydans_1997_A_cresade_to_wipe_out_a_voracious_interloper.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","885","Cats as cats can","","1987 Apr 2 ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;population size;","IN FILE","","","NS","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Cats_as_cats_can.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","886","Cat - Origin and history, cats as pets, general features and special adaptations, biology","","","","domestication;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;history;","IN FILE","996","1000","","","","","","Encyclopaedia?","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_silvestris_catus.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","887","Pussy cat, pussy cat, where have you been?","Lloyd AT;","1986  ","","coloration;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genealogy;genetics;history;","IN FILE","4652","","Natural History","","","","","","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lloyd_1986_Pussy_cat_where_have_you_been.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","888","An ethogram for behavioural studies of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus L.)","Bradshaw JWS;Brown SL;Cook SE;Durman KJ;Feldman HN;Kerby G;MacDonald DW;McCune S;Mendl M;Passanisi WC;Robinson I;Smith DFE;","1995  ","","behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;research;","IN FILE","","","","","","","8","","","","Hertfordshire England","University Federation for Animal Welfare","English","","","","","UFAW Animal Welfare Research Report","","This document arose from the co-operative efforts of ethologists from three British universities, all of whom wished to provide a standard set of descriptions of domestic cat behaviour for their own use, and for those who might study this species in the future. The primary focus of many, but not all, of those ethologists was the recording of social behaviour, and this is undoubtedly reflected in the degree of 'splitting' and 'lumping' of behaviour categories of different kinds. Many of the descriptions are extremely broad, and some could even form the basis for ethograms of their own, for example those concerned with play and with feeding behaviour. None of the group who drew up this document is likely to use it without modification, nor should any future user feel that the categories cannot be moulded to suit the objectives of a particular study. The list is intended only to be a common starting point, but as such should help to alleviate the problems that can be caused by research workers using the same words to indicate different behaviour, and vice versa. The task of categorisation is, of course, left to the individual researcher. However, we have subdivided the full list of behaviour into either 'SOLITARY', where the behaviour does not generally involve another cat, or 'SOCIAL', where the behavioural act involves at least two individuals being present at the same time, or is observed only in a 'social' context.","","","","","","","","Bradshaw_et_al_1995_Behavioural_studies_of_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","889","Evolution of the Domestic Cat","Robinson R;","1982  ","","evolution;Felis silvestris catus;genealogy;history;Felis catus;domestic cat;","IN FILE","4","13","Carnivore","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1982_Evolution_of_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","890","The makings of feline friendliness / How to tell when a cat's in a flap","Mestel R;","1993 Aug 7 ","","behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","9","9","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mestel_1993_Cat_behavior.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","891","Predation by domestic cats in an English village","Churcher PB;Lawton JH;","1987  ","","8GB;diet;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;predation;prey;","IN FILE","439","455","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","212","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We studied predation by approximately 70 domestic cats (Felis catus L.) in the Bedfordshire village of Felmersham over a one-year period. All the prey items brought home by virtually all the cats in the village were recorded and, where possible, identified. A total of 1090 prey items (535 mammals, 297 birds and 258 unidentified animals) were taken, an average of about 14 per cat per year. Twenty-two species of birds and 15 species of mammals were identified. The most important items were woodmice (17 %), house sparrows (16 %) and bank voles (14 %). Old cats of both sexes caught fewer prey over the year than young cats. Female cats on the edge of the village also caught more prey than female cats in intermediate or central areas of the village; male cats showed no such effect. The type of prey caught also varied with position in the village; 'core' cats caught proportionately more birds than 'edge' cats. There was some indication in the data that cats caught fewer prey in areas where cat density was highest, but this effect was impossible to disentangle from position in the village. Weather apparently influenced hunting success. Temperature had no direct influence, but fewer prey were caught in winter; cats also caught less on wet days and windy days. Estimates of the number of house sparrows in the village at the start of the breeding season, and the number of sparrows known to have been caught by the cats, suggest that at least 30 % of the sparrow deaths in the village were due to cats. Domestic cats would appear to be major predators in this typical English village.","","","","","","","","Churcher_&_Lawton_1987_Predation_by_domestic_cats_in_an_English_village.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","892","The pride of the farmyard","MacDonald DW;","1991 Nov ","","behavior;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;pride;social system;","IN FILE","782","789","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","MacDonald_1991_Pride_of_the_farmyard.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","893","A l'écoute des Félines","","1992 Jul 20 ","","behavior;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;public attitude;social system;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Listenings_to_the_Felids.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","894","Individual variation in maternal behaviour: Communal care in the domestic cat","Feldman HN;","1989  ","Poster for 5th ITC, Rome","behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;maternal care;social system;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Feldman_1989_Maternal_behaviour_in_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","895","Genetic mapping in mammals: Chromosome map of domestic cat","O'Brien SJ;Nash WG;","1982  ","","chromosome analysis;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;primates;","IN FILE","257","265","Science","","","","216","","","4543","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_&_Nash_1982_Chromosome_map_of_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","896","Chromosomal mapping of beta-globin and albino loci in the domestic cat","O'Brien SJ;Haskins ME;Winkler CA;Nash WG;Patterson DF;","1986  ","","albinism;chromosome analysis;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;","IN FILE","374","378","","","Journal of Heredity","","77","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1986_Chromosomal_map_of_beta-globin_in_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","897","Molecular genetics in the domestic cat and its relatives","O'Brien SJ;","1986  May","","chromosome analysis;domestic cat;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;Major Histocompatibility Complex;","IN FILE","137","142","TIG","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1986_Genetics_of_feral_cat_and_relatives.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","898","The nutritional and metabolic impact of gamma-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 6) on cats deprived of animal lipid","Frankel TL;Rivers JPW;","1978  ","","diet;disease;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;metabolism;","IN FILE","227","231","British Journal of Nutrition","","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frankel_&_Rivers_1978_Impact_of_gamma-linolenic_acid_on_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","899","Parallels of Genomic Organization and of Endogenous Retrovirus Organization in Cat an Man","O'Brien SJ;Reeves RH;Simonson JM;Eichelberger MA;Nash WG;","1984  ","","chromosome analysis;domestic cat;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;","IN FILE","341","354","Developmental genetics","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1984_Genomic_and_endogenous_retrovirus_organization_in_cat_and_man.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","900","Felis (Chaus) chaus","","","","craniometry;Felis chaus;measurement;morphology;","IN FILE","241","244","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_chaus.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","901","Felinos de Mexico - Taller de conservacion analysis y manejo planificado","","1995  ","","2MX;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation needs;Felidae;Leopardus pardalis;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","Conservacion y analisis y manejo planificado para los felinos de Mexico, Hotel Aristos en Puebla, Mexico, del 27 de febrero al 1 de marzo de 1995","","","Mexico","","Spanish","","","","","","","This document is the result of the workshop 'Conservation, analisis y manejo planificado para los felinos de Mexico' held at the Hotel Aristos en Puebla, Mexico, in 1995. A group of 19 specialists from Mexico and the United States revised the available information on 6 Mexican felid species and discussed the situation of wild, as well as captive populations. Recommendations on research priorities and conservation needs are formulated in this report.","","","1995 Feb 27 ","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Felinos_de_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","902","La reproduction du Chat des marais Felis chaus (Güldenstädt, 1776)","Schauenberg P;","1979  ","","captive breeding;Felis chaus;reproduction;","IN FILE","215","223","Mammalia","","","","43","","","2","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schauenberg_1979_Reproduction_of_the_jungle_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","903","A hunting technique of the jungle cat Felis chaus","Tyabji HN;","1990  ","","4IN;4NP;behavior;Felis chaus;hunting behavior;jungle cat;predation;","IN FILE","134","134","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","87","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyabji_1990_Hunting_technique_of_the_jungle_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","904","Jungle cat Felis chaus and grey junglefowl Gallus sonneratii","Tehsin R;Tehsin F;","1989  ","","4IN;Felis chaus;Gallus sonneratii;predation;Rajasthan;sighting;","IN FILE","144","144","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","87","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tehsin_&_Tehsin_1989_Jungle_cat_and_grey_junglefowl.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","905","Induced emesis by jungle cat (Felis chaus)","Tehsin RH;","1997  ","","4IN;emesis;Felis chaus;Rajasthan;sighting;","IN FILE","144","144","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","94","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tehsin_1997_Induced_emesis_by_jungle_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","906","Home range size and habitat selection of the Tsushima Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura) in the Tsushima Islands, Japan","Tajiri H;Doi T;Tatara M;","1996  ","","4JP;habitat;habitat selection;home range;island;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus;Tsushima;","IN FILE","31","38","","","","","14","Islands Studies in Okinawa","","","","","Japanese","","","","","","","Home range size and habitat selection of the Tsushima leopard cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura) were studied in the north-western part of the Tsushima Islands of Japan. tram October to December 1995. Location and activity type of an adult female were investigated by radio-tracking. Home range size of the Tsushima leopard cat was estimated to be about 100 ha tram this and previous studies. This cat selectively utilized same particular habitat types, especially bamboo thickets, within its home range.","","","","","","","","Tajiri_et_al_1996_Home_range_size_and_habitat_selection_of_Tsushima_leopard_cat_Japan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","907","Jungle cat (Felis chaus)","Ha DD;","1991  ","","4VN;distribution;Felis chaus;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duc_1991_Jungle_cat_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","908","Jungle cat (Felis chaus)","","","","4BD;4BU;4CN;4IN;4KH;4LA;4LK;4NP;4TH;5PK;8IL;conservation;distribution;Felis chaus;habitat;jungle cat;measures;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for the jungle cat throughout its range.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Jungle_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","909","Rhinoceros & Tiger conservation Act","","1998  ","","4ID;4IN;4VN;Act;conservation;copyright;Panthera tigris;poaching;Rhinoceros sp.;trade;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","","","","U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Rhinoceros_and_tiger_conservation_act.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","910","Tigers endangered by poachers in India","Jackson P;","1995  ","","4IN;4MY;4VN;conservation;endangered species;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The tiger will be virtually extinct in the wild by 1999 unless India and the other range states declare open war on poachers and illegal traders and throw all the resources required into the battle. Some scattered individuals will remain and produce some young for a decade or two in the 21st century, but, in fact, we shall have seen the end of the tiger. A review of the situation in India and south-east Asia shows that poaching is accelerating, with well-organized illegal trade networks operating, sometimes with the connivance of officials. Actual seizures indicate that hundreds of tigers are being poached every year in India alone, primarily for traditional Chinese medicine.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1995_Tigers_endangered_by_poachers_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","911","The Subspecies of the Tiger","","","","genetics;Panthera tigris;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Subspecies_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","913","Utilisation et preception de la faune et du milieu naturel en Guiné-Bissau","","1989  ","not complete","1GW;fauna;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","Robillard M;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1989_Fauna_in_Guine-Bissau.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","914","Family Felidae (Cats)","Harrison DL;","","","5SA;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;Felidae;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;","IN FILE","52","55","","","","","","Mammals of The Arabian Gulf","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Harrison_-_Felidae_of_the_Arabian_Gulf.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","915","Dispersal of three radiotagged leopards","Sunquist ME;","1983  ","","dispersal;life history;movement pattern;Panthera pardus;telemetry;","IN FILE","337","341","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","64","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1983_Dispersal_of_three_radiotagged_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","916","Felidae","Lay DM;","1967  ","","5IR;distribution;Felidae;habitat;home range;taxonomy;","IN FILE","214","221","","","","","54","A study of the Mammals of Iran","","","","Field Museum of Natural History","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lay_1967_Felidae_of_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","917","Feeding behaviour of Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus iriomotensis Imaizumi 1967)","Yasuma S;","1981  ","with English summary and legends","4JP;behavior;diet;feeding behavior;hunting behavior;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","81","140","Bulletin of the Tokyo Forests","","","","70","","","","","","Japanese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1981_Feeding_behaviour_of_Iriomote_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","918","Felis iriomotensis","Sakaguchi N;Izawa M;","1992  ","","4JP;diet;Iriomote;Iriomote cat;mortality;population trend;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;stomach analysis;traffic accident;","IN FILE","25","35","Island Studies in Okinawa","","","","10","","","","","","Chinese","","","","","","","The nine records of deaths of Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, reported from April 1989 to mid-February 1992 were reviewed. Furthermore, stomach contents were analyzed on the five cats among them. Mortalities of these nine cats were composed of four by traffic accidents, one by drowning in crab trap, two by diseases and two by unknown causes. Mortalities by traffic accidents showed common characteristics; mainly males were killed in winter. These tendency agreed with the report by Sakaguchi et al. (1989). Males were considered to be in their rut and moved largely in theis season, which might be related to their high mortality by traffic accidents. The oriental pond frog, Rana limnocharis limnocharis and the camel cricket, Diestrammena sp. could be identified from the stomach contents of them.","","","","","","","","Sakaguchi_&_Izawa_1992_Felis_iriomotensis.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","919","Zambia - National Parks and Vegetation","","1973  ","","1ZM;National Park;vegetation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Survey Departement Zambia","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1973_Zambia_-_National_parks_and_Vegetation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","920","Felidae of Iran","Misonne X;","1959  ","","5IR;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;habitat;","IN FILE","32","35","","","","","59","Analyse zoogéographique des Mammifères de l'Iran","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Misonne_1959_Felidae_of_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","921","Felidae of Iraq","Hatt RT;","1959  ","","5IQ;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;measurement;","IN FILE","46","52","","","","","","The Mammals of Iraq","","","Michigan","Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hatt_1959_Felidae_of_Iraq.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","922","History, Distribution and Conservation of large Mammals and their Habitats in Jordan","Hatough-Bouran A;Disi AM;","1991  ","","5JO;conservation;distribution;habitat;history;Mammalia;","IN FILE","19","44","Environmental Conservation","","","","18","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The present paper gives information about the history and past occurrence of large mammalian species and their populations in Jordan, while also focusing on the present status of large mammalian species, and gives the reasons for extinctions and the preventive measures that are being taken to conserve the populations remaining. In addition, this study gives a future prospective outlook for habitat and mammalian conservation, and the reintroducing programme that is being implemented in Jordan.","","","","","","","","Hatough-Bouran_&_Disi_1991_Large_Mammals_in_Jordan.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","923","The species and their categories","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Red List;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_Species_and_their_cathegories.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","924","African wild cat","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;habitat;population trend;Red List;threat;","IN FILE","77","79","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_African_wild_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","925","Leopard","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;breeding;conservation;distribution;habitat;Panthera pardus;panthera pardus melanotica;Red List;","IN FILE","140","143","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_Leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","926","Small spotted cat","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;distribution;Felis nigripes;Felis nigripes nigripes;habitat;population trend;Red List;","IN FILE","138","139","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_Small_spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","927","Serval","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;diet;distribution;habitat;Leptailurus serval;Leptailurus serval serval;Red List;","IN FILE","135","137","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_Serval.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","928","Cheetah","Smithers RHN;","1986  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus jubatus;captive breeding;distribution;Red List;status;","IN FILE","162","165","","","","","","South African Red Data Book - Terrestrial Mammals (Report No.125)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1986_Cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","929","Felidae of Lebanon","Serhal A;","","Translation hand-written","5LB;breeding;Caracal caracal;characteristic;diet;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Wild Mammals of Lebanon","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Serhal_-_Felidae_of_Lebanon.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","930","Family Felidae","Roberts TJ;","1977  ","","5PK;characteristic;distribution;ecology;Felidae;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","138","158","","","","","","The Mammals of Pakistan","","","London","Ernest Benn Limited","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roberts_1977_Felidae_of_Pakistan.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","931","Cats","","1983  ","","5PK;endangered species;Felidae;","IN FILE","17","17","","","","","","Tigerpaper","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Cats.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","932","Felidae","","1978  ","","7SU;7SW;Felidae;Red List;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Red Book of USSR","","","Moscow","Lesnaya Promyshlennost Publishers","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1978 Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","933","Turkey's extinct and scarce big game","Uestay AH;","1990  ","","8TR;Caracal caracal;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","144","147","","","","","","Hunting in Turkey","","","Istanbul","BBA","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Uestay_1990_Turkeys_extinct_and_scarce_big_game.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","934","Felidae in Vietnam","","1992  ","","4VN;characteristic;Felidae;Red List;","IN FILE","65","77","","","","","1","Red Data Book of Vietnam","","","Hanoi","Science and Technics Publishing House","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Felidae_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","935","Desert mammals","","","","7SU;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;desert;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Otocolobus manul;","IN FILE","187","187","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Desert_mammals_in_USSR.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","936","Cats (Felidae)","","1987  ","","8TR;conservation;endangered species;Felidae;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Biological diversity in Turkey","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Cats_in_Turkey.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","937","Felidae in Egypt","Wassif K;","1995  ","","1EG;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;civilisation;Felidae;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Guide to Mammals of Natural Protectorates in Egypt","","","Kairo","Department of Natural Protectorates","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wassif_1995_Felidae_in_Egypt.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","939","An outline of the status of the Somali fauna and of its conservation and management problems","Simonetta AM;Simonetta J;","1983  ","","1SO;conservation;fauna;management;Panthera leo;poaching;nature reserve;status;","IN FILE","458","493","Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale","","","","77","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Simonetta_&_Simonetta_1983_Status_of_the_Somali_fauna_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","940","Some remarks on the mammals of Somalia","Agnelli P;Azzaroli ML;Simonetta AM;","1988  ","","1SO;distribution;fauna;habitat;Mammalia;","IN FILE","499","513","Biogeographia","","","","14","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The authors give a brief analysis of the known mammalian fauna of Somalia, discussing the ecological and geographical distribution of the different endemisms. The evidence is interpreted as pointing to the more or less long isolation of at least three areas of speciation. The still unsatisfactory situation of our information on the Somali Mammals is emphasized.","","","","","","","","Agnelli_et_al_1988_Remarks_on_the_mammals_of_Somalia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","941","Notes on early maternal behavior of the leopard","Seidensticker J;","1977  ","","4NP;behavior;maternal care;Panthera pardus;telemetry;","IN FILE","111","113","Mammalia","","","","41","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1977_Early_maternal_behavior_in_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","942","Le Guépard saharien, un Félin égaré en enfer","Dragesco-Joffé A;","1993  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;characteristic;distribution;observation;Sahara;","IN FILE","119","126","","","","","","La Vie Sauvage du Sahara","","","Lausanne","Delachaux et Niestlé","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dragesco-Joffe_1993_Saharian_Cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","943","Le Chat sauvage d'Afrique, souche du Chat domesique","","","","1Afr;distribution;Felis silvestris;history;Sahara;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_silvestris_in_Afrique.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","944","Le Lynx caracal, une bete superbe et sècrete","","","","1Afr;Caracal caracal;characteristic;observation;Sahara;threat;","IN FILE","127","128","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Caracal_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","945","Le chat des sables, un redoutable chasseur de serpents","","","","1Afr;characteristic;Felis margarita;observation;Sahara;threat;","IN FILE","130","134","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_margarita.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","946","Reserve resource inventory and analysis","","","","climate;fauna;geology;nature reserve;topography;vegetation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Reserve_resource_inventory_and_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","947","The cats of Southern Africa","Stuart CT;Wilson VJ;","1988  ","","1NA;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;Caracal caracal;diet;distribution;ecology;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;habitat;Leptailurus serval;Panthera leo;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","","","Bulawayo","Chipangali Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Wilson_1988_Cats_of_Southern_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","948","Bases para la conservcion de félidos en Bolivia","Pacheco LF;Salazar JA;","1996  ","","2BO;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;","IN FILE","71","92","","","","","26","Ecologia en Bolivia","","","La Paz","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pacheco_&_Salazar_1996_Cats_in_Bolivia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","949","Ficha tecnica","","","","2AR;coloration;Felidae;osteology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","29","31","","","","","","Fauna Argentinia","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Cats_in_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","950","Control of feral cats on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, Indian Ocean","Bloomer JP;Bester MN;","1992  ","","competition;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;island;Marion Island;non-native animals;","IN FILE","211","219","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","60","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Since their introduction in 1949, feral cats have caused extensive damage to seabird populations on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, Indian Ocean. This paper reports on the first four years of an eradication programme launched in 1986. Eight hundred and seventy-two cats were shot dead and 80 trapped during 14'725 hours of hunting. Cats sighted per hour of night hunting and kills per hour decreased dramatically. Hunting success (cats killed as a proportion of those seen) decreased. The only reliable indication of the decrease in density as a result of hunting was the decrease in the number of cats seen per hour of night hunting. By the end of the third season it was apparent that hunting alone was no longer removing sufficient animals to maintain the population decline, and trapping was incorporated into the eradication programme.","","","","","","","","Bloomer_&_Bester_1992_Feral_cats_on_Marion_Island.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","951","Genetic analysis in the Domestic cat as an animal model for inborn errors, cancer and evolution","O'Brien SJ;Nash WG;Winkler CA;Reeves RH;","1982  ","","cancer;disease;domestic cat;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetic analysis;genetics;","IN FILE","67","90","","","","","","Animal Models of Inherited Metabolic Diseases","","","New York","Alan R. Liss","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1982_Genetic_Analysis_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","952","Cats emploied by British Rail","","1993  ","","Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;predation;public attitude;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Cats_emploied_by_British_Rail.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","953","Stray cat's attacks have fur flying in Washington town","","1992  ","","attack on human;behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","","","Chicago Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1992 Cat's attacks.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","954","Home range size, overlap and exploitation in Domestic farm cats (Felis catus)","Turner DC;Mertens C;","1986  ","Pub Date unsure","8CH;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;home range;telemetry;","IN FILE","22","45","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Turner_&_Mertens_1986_Domestic_farm_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","955","Biochemical genetic variation in eight endangered or threatened Felid species","Newman A;Bush ME;Wildt DE;van Dam D;Frankenhuis MT;Simmons L;Phillips LG;O'Brien SJ;","1985  ","","Caracal caracal;Felidae;genetic variation;genetics;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;Leptailurus serval;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;polymorphism;","IN FILE","256","267","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","66","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Newman_et_al_1985_Biochemical_genetic_variation_in_Felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","956","A molecular phylogeny of the Felidae: Immunological distance","Collier GE;O'Brien SJ;","1985  ","","albumin immunological distances;evolution;Felidae;phylogeny;","IN FILE","473","487","Evolution","","","","39","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The phylogenetic distances between 34 of the 37 extant species of Felidae were estimated using albumin immunological distances (AID). Albumins from ten cat species were used to prepare antisera in rabbits. A consensus phylogeny was constructed from a matrix of reciprocal AID measurements using four distinct phylogenetic algorithms. A series of one-way measurements using the ten index antisera and those 24 species for which albumins were available (but antisera were not), permitted addition of these 'species' limbs' to the previously derived phylogenetic trees. The major conclusions of the derived topology were: 1) the earliest branch of the feline radiation occurred approximately 12 million years B.P. and led to the small South American cats (ocelot, margay, Geoffroy's cat, etc.); 2) the second branching occurred 8-10 million years B.P. and included the close relatives of the domestic cat (wildcats, jungle cat, sand cat, and black-footed cat) plus Pallas's cat; 3) the third lineage which began to radiate 4-6 million years B.P. was the pantherine lineage, which included several early branches (cheetah, serval, clouded leopard, golden cats, and puma) and a very recent (2 million years B.P.) split between the lynxes and the modern great cats (Panthera). The topology of the Felidae derived from albumin immunological distance is highly consistent with the karyological disposition of these species, as well as with the fossil record of this family. Because of the recent divergence of this group, the presented data set and the derived topology contain certain unresolved phylogenetic relationships which are so indicated.","","","","","","","","Collier_&_OBrien_1985_Phylogeny_of_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","957","Family Felidae","","","","2UY;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis geoffroyi;","IN FILE","47","50","","","","","","Mamiferos del Uruguay","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felidae_of_Uruguay.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","958","Lista de Vertebrados Argentinos Amenazados de Extincion","Bertonatti C;Gonzales F;","1993  ","","2AR;Felidae;Mammalia;Red List;","IN FILE","32","35","","","","","2","Boletin Tecnico","","","","Fundacion vida silvestre Argentina","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertonatti_&_Gonzales_1993_Red_List_of_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","959","Familia Felidae","Mendez E;","1970  ","","2PA;Felidae;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","204","224","","","","","","Los principales Mamiferos silvestres de Panama","","","Panama","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mendez_1970_Felidae_of_Panama.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","960","Lista tentativa de mamiferos amenazados de extincion de la Republica Argentina","Bertonatti C;","1993  ","","2AR;endangered species;Felidae;Mammalia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertonatti_1993_Endangered_Mammals_of_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","961","The Mammals of Chile","","1943  ","","2CL;characteristic;distribution;history;home range;Mammalia;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis guigna;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","75","88","","","","","","Field Museum of Natural History","","","Chicago","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1943_Mammals_of_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","962","Felidae of Guatemala","Ibarra JA;","1959  ","","2GT;distribution;Felidae;habitat;Leopardus pardalis;Panthera onca;Panthera tigris;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","133","157","","","","","","Mamiferos de Guatemala","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ibarra_1959_Felidae_of_Guatemala.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","963","Family Felidae (Cats)","Burt WH;Stirton RA;","1961  ","","2SV;characteristic;distribution;Felidae;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;measurement;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","49","50","","","","","","The Mammals of El Salvador","","","Michigan","Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burt_&_Stirton_1961_Felidae_of_El_Salvador.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","964","Familia Felidae","Ximénez A;Langguth A;Praderi R;","1972  ","","2UY;Felidae;Leopardus wiedi;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","17","18","","","","","7","Lista sistematica de los Mamiferos del Uruguay","","","Montevideo","Museo Nacional de Historia Natura","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_et_al_1972_Felidae_of_Uruguay.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","965","Family Felidae (Cats)","Eisenberg JF;","1989  ","","characteristic;distribution;Felidae;history;home range;Neotropics;","IN FILE","279","289","","","","","1","Mammals of the NeotropicsThe Northern NeotropicsVolume 1: Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana","","","Chicago","University of Chicago Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Eisenberg_1989_Felidae_of_the_Neotropics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","966","Recommendation No. 89 (2001) adopted on 30 November 2001 on the conservation of the European lynx in the Alps","","2001  ","","78Eur;Alps;Bern Convention;conservation;conservation strategy;lynx;Lynx lynx;strategy;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","Appendix 7","","","","","Standing Committee, Bern Convention","English","","","","","","","In this recommendation, the Standing Committee of the Convention of the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats recommends contracting parties to the convention from the Alpine Region to reinforce lynx conservation in the Alps, taking account, in that context of the Pan-Alpine Conservation Strategy for the lynx (PACS).","","","","","","","","Bern_Convention_2001_Recommendation_on_the_conservation_of_the_lynx_in_the_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","967","Food habits of some neotropical carnivores in Venezuela (Mammalia, Carnivora)","Bisbal FJ;","1986  ","","2VE;Carnivora;feeding behavior;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Mammalia;Neotropics;","IN FILE","329","339","Mammalia","","","","50","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Food habits of seven neotropical carnivores were determined by analysis of stomach contents. The species include the kinkajou (Potos flavus, N = 20), raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus, N = 9), coati (Nasua nasua, N = 3), tayra (Eira barbara, N = 7), grison (Galictis vittata, N = 2), ocelot (Felis pardalis, N = 10) and yaguarundi (Felis yagouaroundi, N = 10). Food items were identified and divided into 11 chief groups. The amount of each item was measured by the volumetric method. Aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates were the major source of food for racoons. Coatis consumed great quantities of forest floor invertebrates and kinkajous were essentially frugivorous. Fruits and small mammals were the most important groups in the diet of Eira barbara. The two stomachs of Galictis contained only small vertebrates. Small mammals were most heavily used by ocelots. but birds and reptiles were the groups most frequently found in the diet of yaguarundis. We can conclude that these carnivores are opportunistic feeders with a particular prey preference.","","","","","","","","Bisbal_1986_Food_habits_of_neotropical_carnivores_in_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","968","Les chats, une menace pour la faune? Toute dramatisation serait abusive","Olivieri G;","1995  ","","competition;domestic cat;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;population trend;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_1995_Cats_-_danger_for_the_fauna.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","969","Funds to fight feral cat problem","","1993  ","","competition;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;non-native animals;","IN FILE","19","19","Oryx","","","","27","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Funds_to_fight_feral_cat_problem.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","970","The isle and the pussycat","Leader-Williams N;Walton D;","1989  ","","competition;domestic cat;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;island;non-native animals;","IN FILE","48","51","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leader-Williams_&_Walton_1989_Isle_and_Pussycat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","971","Feral cats threaten island fauna","Seabrook W;","1990  ","","Aldabra;competition;distribution;ecology;fauna;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;island;non-native animals;WWF;","IN FILE","8","9","WWF Reports","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seabrook_1990_Feral_cats_threaten_island_fauna.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","972","Daily Activities of the Feral Cat Felis Catus LINN","Izawa M;","1983  ","","4JP;activity;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;telemetry;","IN FILE","219","228","Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan","","","","9","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Izawa_1983_Daily_activities_of_the_feral_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","973","Mother-offspring Relationship in the Feral Cat Population","Izawa M;Ono Y;","1986  ","","4JP;feeding behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;maternal care;population;social system;","IN FILE","27","34","Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan","","","","11","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Izawa_&_Ono_1986_Mother-offspring_Relationship_in_the_Feral_Cat_Population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","974","Grouping patterns of Feral cats (Felis catus) living on a small Island in Japan","Izawa M;Doi T;Ono Y;","1982  ","","4JP;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;home range;island;social system;spatial use;","IN FILE","373","382","Japan Journal for Ecology","","","","32","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Range utilization and social relationship of feral cats (Felis catus) were investigated by direct observation and radio-tracking. The range structure of the feral cat in this study also resembled the path network systems described by HEDIGER. The range of cat was composed of three characteristic components such as a feeding site, resting site and paths. Each cat used only one feeding site and did not switch it seasonally. The cats utilizing the same feeding site organized 'feeding group'. Synchronization of feeding activity and overlapping ranges of the members of the same feeding group were observed. These features of feeding group show the amicable relationship among the members. It was considered to result in the adaptation to clumped distribution of abundant food resource.","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_1982_Grouping_patterns_of_Feral_cats_on_a_small_Island.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","975","Ecology of the Feral Cat, Felis catus (L.), (Carnivora: Felidae) on Macquarie Island","Jones E;","1977  ","","6AU;Carnivora;competition;ecology;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;habitat;island;Macquarie Island;non-native animals;population trend;","IN FILE","249","262","Australian Wildlife Research","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jones_1977_Ecology_of_the_Feral_cat_on_Macquarie_Island.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","976","Ecology of the Feral Cat, Felis catus (L.), in South-Eastern Australia - 1. Diet","Jones E;Coman BJ;","1981  ","","6AU;diet;ecology;feeding behavior;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;predation;","IN FILE","537","547","Australian Wildlife Research","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jones_&_Coman_1981_Diet_of_the_Feral_cat_in_Australia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","977","Ecology of the Feral Cat, Felis catus (L.), in South-Eastern Australia - 2. Reproduction","Jones E;Coman BJ;","1982  ","","6AU;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;reproduction;","IN FILE","111","119","Australian Wildlife Research","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jones_&_Coman_1982_Reproduction_of_the_Feral_cat_in_Australia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","978","Ecology of the Feral Cat, Felis catus (L.), in South-Eastern Australia - 3. Home Ranges and Population Ecology in Semiarid North-West Victoria","Jones E;Coman BJ;","1982  ","","6AU;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;home range;mortality;population;population trend;telemetry;","IN FILE","409","420","Australian Wildlife Research","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jones_&_Coman_1982_Population_of_the_Feral_Cat_in_Australia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","979","Mammals of Cox's Bazar forest division (south) Bangladesh, with notes on their status and distribution","Rashid SMA;Anizuzzaman K;Khan A;Ali Reza Khan M;","1990  ","","4BD;Cox's Bazar forest Division;distribution;forest;habitat;observation;status;","IN FILE","62","67","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","87","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_et_al_1990_Mammals_of_Coxs_Bazar_forest_division_Bangladesh.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","980","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaCover, Contents, References and Appendices","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","includes RefIDs 981-985","3US;Lynx rufus;method;Pennsylvania;questionnaire;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","981","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaSection I: Introduction","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","in RefID 980","3US;distribution;Lynx rufus;morphology;Pennsylvania;population history;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania_-_Introduction.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","982","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaSection II: Bobcat Behavior","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","in RefID 980","3US;behavior;habitat;habitat selection;home range;Lynx rufus;Pennsylvania;spatial use;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania_-_Behavior.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","983","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaSection III: Bobcat demographics","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","in RefID 980","3US;Lynx rufus;mortality;Pennsylvania;population dynamics;population structure;reproduction;status;survival;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania_-_Demographics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","984","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaSection IV: Bobcat Management","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","in RefID 980","3US;harvest;hunting (by human);Lynx rufus;management;modelling;Pennsylvania;population dynamics;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania_-_Management.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","985","Status and managment of bobcat (Lynx rufus) in PennsylvaniaSection V: Recreational significance","Lovallo MJ;","1999  ","in RefID 980","3US;economy;Lynx rufus;management;Pennsylvania;public attitude;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Harrisburg, PA","Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lovallo_1999_Status_and_management_of_bobcat_in_Pennsylvania_-_Recreational_significance.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","986","Enquiries made of Forest Staff, private individuals etc. of North Bengal area regarding availability of different species of Lesser cats","","","","4IN;Bengal;forest;forest management;lesser cat;observation;questionnaire;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Lesser_cats_of_North_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","987","GIS-generated, expert-based models for identifying wildlife habitat linkages and planning mitigation passages","Clevenger AP;Wierzchowski J;Chruszcz B;Gunson K;","2002  ","","construction project;corridor;Geographic Information System;habitat;habitat fragmentation;model;wildlife;","IN FILE","503","514","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","We developed three black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat models in the context of a geographic information system to identify linkage areas across a major transportation corridor. One model was based on empirical habitat data, and the other two (opinion- and literature-based) were based on expert information developed in a multicriteria decision-making process. We validated the performance of the models with an independent data set. Four classes of highway linkage zones were generated. Class 3 linkages were the most accurate for mapping cross-highway movement. Our tests showed that the model based on expert literature most closely approximated the empirical model, both in the results of statistical tests and the description of the class 3 linkages. In addition, the expert literature-based model was consistently more similar to the empirical model than either of two seasonal, expert opinion-based models. Among the expert models, the literature-based model had the strongest correlation with the empirical model. Expert-opinion models were less in agreement with the empirical model. The poor performance of the expert-opinion model may be explained by an overestimation of the importance of riparian habitat by experts compared with the literature. A small portion of the empirical data to test the models was from the pre-berry season and may have affected how well the model predicted linkage areas. Our empirical and expert models represent useful tools for resource and transportation planners charged with determining the location of mitigation passages for wildlife when baseline information is lacking and when time constraints do not allow for data collection before construction.","","","","","","","","Clevenger_et_al_2002_GIS_models_for_planning_crossing_structures.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","988","Biodiversity of Hwange National Park - Part I: Large Mammals and CarnivoresPreliminary analysis report","Wilson VJ;","1997  ","","1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;biodiversity;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;diet;distribution;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Hwange National Park;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Panthera leo;social system;","IN FILE","1","233","","","","","","","","","","Chipangali Wildlife Trust & Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife management","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilson_1997_Biodiversity_of_Hwange_National_Park_Zimbabwe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","989","Deleterious effects of restricted gene flow in fragmented popualtions","Couvet D;","2002  ","","gene flow;genetics;habitat fragmentation;population genetics;","IN FILE","369","376","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","I examined the expected detrimental effects of restricted gene flow, a consequence of population fragmentation, through a population genetics model. The model predicts the frequency of deleterious mutations and the viability of the individuals in a set of populations, depending on the number of migrants per generation per population. When the number of migrants is lower than one per generation, a large increase in the viability of the individuals along with the number of migrants is expected. With one migrant per generation, detrimental genetic effects on population survival are expected for low population size or low population growth rate. Finally, the negative effects of restricted gene flow depend not only on the number of migrants entering the population considered but also on the number of migrants entering the populations where the migrants came from.","","","","","","","","Couvet_2002_Deleterious_effects_of_restricted_gene_flow.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","990","Cheetah Hunting","Dharmakumarsinhji SRS;","1992  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;culture;public attitude;hunting (by human);","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Reminiscences of Indian Wildlife","Kumari of Gondal MK;","5","Newbury, Berkshire, UK","The Nature Conservation Bureau Ltd.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dharmakumarsinhji_1992_Cheetah_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","991","Large mammal distribution in Liberia","Anstey S;","1991  ","","1LR;distribution;Mammalia;Profelis aurata;Profelis aurata aurata;","IN FILE","1","81","","","","","","","","","","WWF / FDA Wildlife Survey","English","","","","","","","This report presents the results of a preliminary national survey of the distribution of large mammals in Liberia carried out between 1989 and 1990 by the WWF/FDA Wildlife Survey. Some records of small mammals, reptiles and birds are also presented.","","","","","","","","Anstey_1991_Large_mammal_distribution_in_Liberia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","992","Managing the South China tiger in captivity","Miller E;","1998  ","","captive breeding;captivity;genetics;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","","167","International Zoo News","","","","45","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","168","","","","","","","","Miller_1998_Managing_the_South_China_tiger_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","993","The Bobcat Cycle","Duke T;","1984  ","","3CA;cycling population;Lynx rufus;Nova Scotia;population dynamics;predator-prey;","IN FILE","","","Conservation Nova Scotia","","","","8","","","4","","Departement of nature research","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duke_1984_The_Bobcat_Cycle.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","994","On trapping, training, treatment of and hunting with cheetahs","Divyabhanusinh;","1995  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;handling;hunting (by human);trapping;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","The end of a trail - the cheetah in India","","7","New Dehli","Bayan Books","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1995_On_trapping_training_treatment_of_and_hunting_with_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","995","Action plan for the renewal of nature conservation programs in Liberia, West Africa","Peal A;","1993 Dec ","","1LR;action plan;conservation;management;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","Washington","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Peal_1993_Action_plan_for_nature_conservation_in_Liberia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","996","Notas sistematicas, ecologicas, ethologicas y biogeograficas sobre el gato andino Felis jacobita Cornalia (Felidae, Carnivora)","Scrocchi GJ;Halloy YSP;","1986  ","English summary - English translation in RefID 1080","biogeography;Carnivora;characteristic;ecology;ethology;Felidae;Oreailurus jacobitus;taxonomy;","IN FILE","157","170","Acta Zoologica Lilloana","","","","38","","","2","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Scrocchi_&_Halloy_1986_Notas_sistematicas_ecologicas_ethologicas_y_biogeograficas_sobre_el_gato_andino.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","997","Evaluation du statut du chat des Andes (Oreailurus jaobita) par interviews des populations locales dans les Andes Centrales","Chapron G;","1999  ","","2BO;2CL;Oreailurus jacobitus;population;population size;questionnaire;status;","IN FILE","119","125","Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire","","","","175","","","3/4","","","French","","","","","","","We studied the status of the Andean mountain cat (Oreailurus jacobita) in several protected areas in Chile and Bolivia. With local population interviews, we show that this cat, previously considered as very rare, should be present in northern Chilean national parks. More research is needed to establish its status in Southwestern Bolivia and to understand better its ecology.","","","","","","","","Chapron_1999_Evaluation_du_statut_du_chat_des_Andes_par_interviews_des_populations_locales.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","998","Tracking the Evolution of the Elusive Andean Mountain Cat (Oreailurus jacobita) From Mitochondrial DNA","Johnson WE;Culver M;Iriarte JA;Eizirik E;Seymour KL;O'Brien SJ;","1998  ","","Oreailurus jacobitus;DNA;evolution;mtDNA;phylogeny;tracking;","IN FILE","227","232","","","Journal of Heredity","","89","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1998_Andean_Mountain_Cat_Phylogenetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","999","Food habits of the Andean fox (Pseudalopex culpaeus) and notes on the mountain cat (Felis colocolo) and puma (Felis concolor) in the Río Abiseo National Park, Perú","Romo MC;","1995  ","","2PE;diet;faecal analysis;feeding behavior;Oreailurus jacobitus;Pseudalopex culpaeus;Puma concolor;Rio Abiseo National Park;","IN FILE","335","343","Mammalia","","","","59","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Romo_1995_Habits_of_the_Andean_fox_the_mountain_cat_and_puma.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1000","China action plan for saving the South China tiger - Draft Outline","","1995  ","","4CN;action plan;capacity building;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;conservation strategy;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;recovery;status;tiger;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","State Forestry Administration, P.R. China","English","","","","","","","The South China tiger suffered from continuous large-scale hunting, deforestation of habitats for timbers, reclaiming of agricultural lands, and limitation of prey due to uncontrolled hunting. This resulted in a rapid decline in the number of South China tigers as well as environmental deterioration of the habitats. The Ministry of Forestry of P. R. China included the project for saving South China tigers as a priority action in the 'Forestry Action Plan For China's Agenda 21' in 1995. A draft outline of the 'China Action Plan For Saving the South China Tiger' was completed in 1995 and implementation began. The plan contains a review of the status of wild and captive populations, existing implementation, threats, and formulates goals and time-bound objectives for tiger protection. A captive breeding programme and specific priority projects are presented, including responsible authorities, time frames and budget.","","","","","","","","China_Forestry_Admin_1995_SCT_Action_Plan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1001","Souvenir d'un chat des Andes -An Encounter with an Andean Cat","Ziesler G;","1992  July - Aug","Publication of Animan in French, only English translation digital","Lagidium perunum;Oreailurus jacobitus;sighting;","IN FILE","71","79","Animan","","","","50","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ziesler_1992_An_encounter_with_an_Andean_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1002","Gato Andino","Bertonatti C;Biloni JS;Chebez JC;Balboa CF;Iniguez M;Waller T;","1994  ","","2AR;characteristic;copyright;distribution;habitat;","IN FILE","","","Revista Vida Silvestre","","","","","30 Especies Argentinas Amenazadas de Extinctión","","26","","Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertonatti_et_al_1994_Gato_Andino.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1003","Andean or Mountain Cat Felis jacobita","","","","2AR;2BO;2CL;2PE;Andean cat;captive breeding;conservation;distribution;measure;measures;Oreailurus jacobitus;status;threat;threats;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","WCMC","English","","","","","","","Rough summary of status, distribution, threats, and conservation measures taken for the Andean Cat.","","","","","","","","WCMC_-_Andean_or_Mountain_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1004","The Iriomote cat (Prionailurus iriomotensis Imaizumi, 1967) and the subspecies of the Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792)","Leyhausen P;Pfleiderer M;","","","4JP;craniometry;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;subspecies;","IN FILE","","","Bonner zoologische Beitraege","Bonn zool Beitr ","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_&_Pfleiderer_-_Iriomote_cat_taxonomy.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1005","Koreas' DMZ Conceals A Haven vor Leopards, Tigers and Bears - Peace Threatens Rare Species That Thrived Amid the Tension","Schuman M;","2000 Aug 24 ","","4KP;4KR;distribution;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","","","Wall Street Journal Europe","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schuman_2000_Koreas_DMZ_conceals_a_haven_for_leopards_tigers_and_bears.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1006","Captured - tiger that fed off livestock","","2001 Mar 19 ","","capture;Gua Musang;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","New Straits Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Captured_-_tiger_that_fed_off_livestock.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1007","Malaysia's Tigers","Loh D;","2000 Oct 6 ","","4MY;attack on human;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","New Straits Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loh_2000_Malaysias_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1008","Gato montes Andino en Chile: Estado de conservation y distribucion geografica","Iriarte AW;","1998  ","English translation see ID 1049","2CL;Andean mountain cat;conservation;distribution;Oreailurus jacobitus;status;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","Santiago, Chile","Servicio Agricola y Ganadero","Spanish","","","","","","","The local population of ethnic Aymara which has lived permanently in the zone for over eight thousand years can identify separately the species of altiplano mountain cats. The Aymara inhabitants call the Andean mountain cat 'titi' and the colocolo cat 'abatire' giving more importance to the first species. Pelts or mummified are used in ritual dances that are held in the month of February in order to have better harvests and higher fecundity of Llamas and alpacas, An ancient Aymara tradition exists that the capture of a mountain cat brings good luck for one year to the person who captures it. At the same time, failure to capture it in the hunt could mean a year of bad luck. In almost all of the family groups in the Chilean altiplano it is possible to find a skin or mummified body of a mountain cat. Each June 24 in the city of Putre (3500m elevation) a festival called 'Fiesta del Titi' is held in homage to the Andean mountain cat. It seems that Andean mountain cats regularly capture aquatic birds, especially if one considers that the latter's populations have increased considerably owing to the protection from hunting that exists in almost all wetlands in the altiplano zone. The principal differences between Andean mountain cats and the colocolo are their larger size (30% greater) and its long and dense tail, and the easily appreciated 7 to 9 regular rings on the tail. The growing entrance of evangelical churches (non-Catholic) into the region has started a loss of the ancestral customs of using skins of wildlife and domestic animals, including the use of mountain cats. According to the information gathered herein, it is possible to conclude that the species does not live regularly at elevations below 3500m elevation. The Andean mountain cat utilizes preferentially areas of low human use, the presence of cliffs with rocky talus slopes, and bofedales that serve as a feeding area for viscachas and other rodents and aquatic birds. No evidence was detected on the possible commerce in pelts in the area of its distribution in Chile. Owing to its extreme rarity, it is very improbable that a market for pelts exists in the zone. One of the possible causes of local extinction of the species in the southern portion of its distribution in Chile (Regions IV, V, and Metropolitan) is the massive extinction of one of its favorite prey, the long-tailed chinchilla (or lanigera) toward the end of the last century.","","","","","","","","Iriarte_1998_Gato_montes_Andino_en_Chile_Estado_de_conservation_y _distribucion_geografica.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1009","Cheetahs exported to Chinese horror park","Macleod F;","1999 Dec 10 ","","1ZA;4CN;Acinonyx jubatus;live bait;Panthera tigris;safari park;tourism;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Mail & Guardian","","","","","","Johannesburg","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Macleod_1999_Cheetahs_exported_to_Chinese_horror_park.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1010","Chinese breeding Siberian Tigers","Reuters;","1995 Feb 22 ","","4CN;breeding;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Reuters_1995_Chinese_breeding_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1011","Activists try to prevent U.S. dealer from exporting tigers to China - Grisly zoo feedings raise protest","Goldston L;","1999 Dec 14 ","","3US;4CN;breeding centre;endangered species;feeding;live bait;Panthera tigris;trade;zoo;","IN FILE","","","San Jose Mercury News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goldston_1999_Activists_try_to_prevent_US_dealer_from_exporting_tigers_to_China.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1012","Can the market save endangeres species?","Sahgal B;","2000 Oct 17 ","","conservation;endangered species;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Economic Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_2000_Can_the_market_save_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1013","Animal farming could be the answer","Gupta S;","2000 Oct 17 ","","captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Economic Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gupta_2000_Animal_farming_could_be_the_answer.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1014","WHAT might the worth of a tiger be?","Madhusudan MD;","2000 Oct 17 ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Economic Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Madhusudan_2000_What_might_the_worth_of_a_tiger_be.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1015","More hope for Indochinese tigers in Year of The Tiger","Tinh T;","1998 Jan 18 ","","conservation;endangered species;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;year of the tiger;","IN FILE","","","Vietnam News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tinh_1998_More_hope_for_Indochinese_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1016","Genetics : Why white tigers are white","","1978  ","","albinism;genetics;Panthera tigris;Rewa;white tiger;","IN FILE","","","Nature Times News Service","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Why_white_tigers_are_white.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1017","Status and distribution of large mammals in eastern CambodiaResults of the first foot surveys in Mondulkiri and Rattanakiri provinces","Desai A;Vuthy L;","1996  ","","4KH;conservation;distribution;Mammalia;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;survey;trade;","IN FILE","1","54","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Protection Office, Department of Forestry, and Department of Nature Protection and Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia","English","","","","","Large Mammal Conservation in Cambodia","","","","","","","","","","Desai_&_Vuthy_1996_Status_and_distribution_of_large_mammals_in_eastern_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1018","Wildlife in Lao PDR. A status report","Salter RE;","1993  ","","4LA;biodiversity;CITES;conservation;IUCN;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","106","","","","","","","","","Vientiane, Lao PDR","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Salter_1993_Wildlife_in_Lao_PDR.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1019","National Parks and Wildlife Management Afghanistan - A Contribution to a Conservation StrategyVol. 1: Text and Vol. 2: Appendices","Sayer JA;van der Zon APM;","1981  ","pages 20-34 (Vol 1) and 19-20 (Vol 2)","5AF;climate;conservation;conservation strategy;geography;geology;Mammalia;management;National Park;vegetation;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","1","","","","Rome","United Nations Development Programme - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","English","","","","","Technical Report","","","","","","","","","","Sayer_&_Van_der_Zon_1981_National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Management_Afghanistan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1020","The Mammals of Afghanistan - Their Distribution and Status (Chapter 'Felids')","Habibi K;","1977 Aug ","","5AF;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;distribution;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Lynx lynx;Otocolobus manul;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;Prionailurus bengalensis;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","8","19","","","","","","","","","Kabul","United Nations Development Programme - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Dept. of Forest and Range, Ministry of Agriculture","English","","","","","Field Working Document","","","","","","","","","","Habibi_1977_Mammals_of_Afghanistan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1021","Planning a wildlife protected area network in Indiavolume I - THE REPORT(Extract: Lesser cats and tiger)","Rodgers WA;Panwar HS;","1988  ","Extract","4IN;conservation;Gangetic plain;lesser cat;Panthera tigris;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","9","","","","Dehra Dun","Establishment of the Wildlife Institute of India / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","English","","","","","Field Document","","","","","","","","","","Rodgers_&_Panwar_1988_Planning_a_wildlife_protected_area_network_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1022","Biology of Iriomote wild cat (Mayailurus iriomotensis) 1. Present distribution, 'Nihon zaru (Japanese Macaqwue)'","Yasuma S;","1976  ","English summary p.68-69","4JP;biology;distribution;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;","IN FILE","51","69","Japan Wildlife Research Center","","","","","","","2","","","Japanese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1976_Distribution_of_Iriomote_wild_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1023","Distribution map of Iriomote cat and Feral cat","Yasuma S;","1982  ","","4JP;distribution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;Iriomote;island;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","123","123","","","","","","Ryukyu Island Chain","","","Tokyo","Tokai University Press","Japanese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1982_Distribution_of_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1024","South China tiger worth saving","Chen B;","1995 Mar 16 ","","4CN;conservation;endangered species;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;poaching;","IN FILE","","","China daily","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chen_1995_South_China_tiger_worth_saving.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1025","Tigers roar back in the jungles of Cambodia","Sheridan M;Fawthrop T;","1999 Apr 25 ","","4KH;habitat;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;tourism;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sheridan_&_Fawthrop_1999_Tigers_roar_back_in_the_jungels_of_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1026","Cambodia's tiger population second highest in world... ... but for how long?","Kyne P;","1999 Apr ","","4KH;conservation;habitat;military;Panthera tigris;poaching;population;population size;trade;","IN FILE","7","7","Phnom Penh Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kyne_1999_Tigers_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1027","Survey of jungle finds poaching threatens wildlife","","1999 Jul 19 ","","4KH;camera trap;conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Canoe","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Poaching_threatens_wildlife.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1028","Just a slim chance of saving the tiger","Tilson RL;","1990 Feb 25 ","","captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Newsday","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_1990_Just_a_slim_chance_of_saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1029","Tiger may become extinct in MP, cautions NGO","","1999 Jun 15 ","","4IN;conservation;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Tiger_may_become_extinct_in_Madhya_Pradesh.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1030","Pact with China on tiger species assailed","Zaidi A;","1995 Mar 5 ","","4CN;4IN;captive breeding;conservation;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","Sunday Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zaidi_1995_Pact_with_China_on_tiger_species_assailed.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1031","No to Show Business","Singh NK;","1995 Mar 15 ","","4IN;attack on human;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;tiger show;tourism;","IN FILE","159","159","India Today","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1995_Not_to_show_Business.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1032","Four poachers held, tiger skin, deer horns recovered","","2001 Mar 20 ","","4IN;deer;Panthera tigris;poaching;smuggling;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Tiger_poachers_recovered.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1033","The tiger's chances burning bright","Jackson P;","1978 Apr 4 ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;status;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Guardian","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1978_Tigers_chances_burning_bright.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1034","Project Tiger: Paperwork and job in the field","Seth SK;","1978 May 19 ","","4IN;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;project;Project Tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","Guardian","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seth_1978_Project_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1035","Project Tiger","Jackson P;","1978 Jul 9 ","","conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;population trend;project;Project Tiger;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1978_Project_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1036","Banded chromosome study of the Iriomote cat","Wurster-Hill DH;Izawa M;Doi T;Ono Y;","1987  March / April","","4JP;chromosome analysis;genetics;Iriomote;Iriomote cat;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;taxonomy;","IN FILE","105","107","","","Journal of Heredity","","78","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The G-banded karyotype of the Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, was found to be indistinguishable from that of F. bengalensis, F. viverrinus, and F. concolor. The karyotype of these four cats is, however, distinguishable from karyotypes of all other species of cats whose chromosomes have been studied. Silver-staining showed nucleolar organizing regions on the satellited stalks of the E 1 chromosomes. Based on morphological and cytogenetic parameters F. iriomotensis is probably most closely related to F. bengalensis, the only other wild felid native to Japan.","","","","","","","","Wurster-Hill_et_al_1987_Banded_chromosome_study_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1037","Protected areas and nature conservation on and near Iriomote Island, Japan","Tisdell CA;Takahashi S;","1992  Oct - Dec","","4JP;conservation;Iriomote;island;National Park;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","7","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tisdell_&_Takahashi_1992_Conservation_on_Iriomote_Island.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1038","Le chat d'Iriomote tient bon! (Mais il a du mérite...)","Akuzawa M;","1986 Dec ","","4JP;disease;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;veterinary;","IN FILE","","","Arvicola","","","","3","","","2","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Akuzawa_1986_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1039","Patterns of growth of the mandibular corpus in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and cougars (Puma concolor)","Biknevicius AR;Leigh SR;","1997  ","","morphology;adult;ontogeny;development;growth;bone;skeleton;teeth;Crocuta crocuta;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","139","161","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","","","","128","","","","","","English","","","","","","","DiVerences in jaw morphology among adult carnivorans are well established, but the ontogenetic mechanisms by which these diVerences arise are largely unexplored. Mandibular ontogeny in Crocuta crocuta and Puma concolor is analysed biomechanically using principles of beam theory. In each species, the development of cross-sectional properties of the mandibular corpus associated with rigidity under loading follows a biphasic pattern of growth. In early postnatal growth, deposition of cortical bone appears to be constrained by the overall weaker tissue with which juvenile skeletons are constructed and by the need to volumetrically accommodate the developing teeth within their bony crypts. Thus, this stage of growth is characterized by a net periosteal deposition of bone and a swelling of the medullary cavity. In late postnatal growth, the constraints on endosteal deposition of bone are relieved as the permanent teeth erupt; thus, cortical thicknesses increase sharply by periosteal expansion as well as medullary contraction. Finally, it is noted that basic diVerences in jaw construction between Crocuta and Puma appear to develop prenatally as they are largely in place at birth. Hence, postnatal development enhances, but does not soley contribute to, the biomechanical diVerences in the jaws of these species.","","","","","","","","Biknevicius_1997_Growth_patterns_of_the_mandibular_corpus_in_spotted_hyenas_and_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1040","Conservation Issues in Japan - The Nansei Shoto Region","Obara H;","1983  ","Pers. Comm. included","4JP;conservation;Iriomote;Nansei Shoto;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Obara_1983_Nansei_Shoto_Region.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1041","The Pampas Cat Group (Genus Lynchailurus Servertzov, 1858) (Carnivora, Felidae), a Systematic and Biogeographic Review","Garcia-Perea R;","1994  ","","2AR;2BO;2BR;2CL;2EC;2PY;2SAm;2UY;Carnivora;coat pattern;craniometry;Felidae;Lynchailurus;Oncifelis colocolo;pampas cat;subspecies;systematics;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","36","American Museum Novitates","","","","","","","3096","","","English","","","","","","","A systematic study of 86 specimens of South American cats formerly known as Felis colocolo reveals three species, in addition to a new subspecies described herein. The three species are grouped in the genus Lynchailurus on the basis of shared character states. Lynchailurus pajeros occurs on high-elevation steppes from Ecuador to Bolivia and Argentina (eastern slope of the Andes), and farther south in Argentina into lowland steppe, shrubland, and dry forest habitats. Its southern limit is Patagonia (Argentinean and Chilean). Lynchailurus braccatus is found in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, where it occupies humid and warmer grassland and forested areas, at moderate elevations. Lynchailurus colocolo occurs in subtropical forests at middle elevations in central Chile, and in high-elevation steppes in northern Chile on the western slope of the Andes. The latter species may be endangered, because its distribution is limited. Assigned subspecies are as follows: L. pajeros budini and L. p. crespoi, in northwestern Argentina; L. p. crucinus, in southern Argentina and Chile; L. p. garleppi, in Peru; L. p. pajeros, in central Argentina; L. p. steinbachi, in Bolivia; L. p. thomasi, from Ecuador; L. braccatus braccatus, in southwestern Brazil and Paraguay; L. b. munoai, in Uruguay and southern Brazil; L. colocolo colocolo, in central Chile; and L. c. wolffsohni (new subspecies), in northern Chile.","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_1994_Pampas_cat_group.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1042","Dholkand and Tiger Conservation","Johnsingh AJT;","1995  July-Dec","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;sighting;","IN FILE","25","28","WII Newsletter","","","","2","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1995_Dholkand_and_Tiger_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1043","Feature Feline - Pampas Cat","","1997 Jan ","","behavior;characteristic;distribution;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Pampas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1044","Notes on the distribution and natural history of the pampas cat, Felis colocolo, in Brazil","Silveira L;","1995  ","","2BR;distribution;history;measurement;natural history;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","284","288","Mammalia","","","","59","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Silveira_1995_Distribuion_and_natural_history_of_tha_Pampas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1045","Notas sobre Felidos Neotropicales, I.Felis Colocola braccata y sus relaciones con Felis colocola munoai y felis colocola pajeros","Ximénez A;","1970  ","","Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis colocolo braccatus;Oncifelis colocolo munoai;Oncifelis colocolo pajeros;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","4","Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo","","","","10","","","130","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_1970_Oncifelis_colocolo_subspecies_relations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1046","Nueva Subespecie del Gato Pajero en el Uruguay","Ximénez A;","1961  ","Spanish","2UY;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis colocolo munoai;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","8","Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo","","","","5","","","8","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_1961_Nueva_subespecie_del_gato_pajero_en_el_Uruguay.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1047","Feature Feline - Geoffroys Cat, Geoffroys Ocelot, Bush Cat, Salt Cat","","1996 Jul ","","characteristic;coloration;distribution;Oncifelis geoffroyi;status;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Geoffroys_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1048","Unique Safari cats aid WSU cancer research","","1990 Dec 16 ","","cancer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;hybridization;Oncifelis geoffroyi;","IN FILE","","","","","Bellingham Herald","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Unique_Safari_cats_aid_WSU_cancer_research.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1049","Andean mountain cat in Chile: Status and geographical distribution","Iriarte AW;","1998  ","(English translation; Spanish original see ID 1008)","2CL;Andean mountain cat;conservation;distribution;Oreailurus jacobitus;status;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","Santiago, Chile","Servicio Agricola y Ganadero","English","","","","","","","The local population of ethnic Aymara which has lived permanently in the zone for over eight thousand years can identify separately the species of altiplano mountain cats. The Aymara inhabitants call the Andean mountain cat 'titi' and the colocolo cat 'abatire' giving more importance to the first species. Pelts or mummified are used in ritual dances that are held in the month of February in order to have better harvests and higher fecundity of Llamas and alpacas, An ancient Aymara tradition exists that the capture of a mountain cat brings good luck for one year to the person who captures it. At the same time, failure to capture it in the hunt could mean a year of bad luck. In almost all of the family groups in the Chilean altiplano it is possible to find a skin or mummified body of a mountain cat. Each June 24 in the city of Putre (3500m elevation) a festival called 'Fiesta del Titi' is held in homage to the Andean mountain cat. It seems that Andean mountain cats regularly capture aquatic birds, especially if one considers that the latter's populations have increased considerably owing to the protection from hunting that exists in almost all wetlands in the altiplano zone. The principal differences between Andean mountain cats and the colocolo are their larger size (30% greater) and its long and dense tail, and the easily appreciated 7 to 9 regular rings on the tail. The growing entrance of evangelical churches (non-Catholic) into the region has started a loss of the ancestral customs of using skins of wildlife and domestic animals, including the use of mountain cats. According to the information gathered herein, it is possible to conclude that the species does not live regularly at elevations below 3500m elevation. The Andean mountain cat utilizes preferentially areas of low human use, the presence of cliffs with rocky talus slopes, and bofedales that serve as a feeding area for viscachas and other rodents and aquatic birds. No evidence was detected on the possible commerce in pelts in the area of its distribution in Chile. Owing to its extreme rarity, it is very improbable that a market for pelts exists in the zone. One of the possible causes of local extinction of the species in the southern portion of its distribution in Chile (Regions IV, V, and Metropolitan) is the massive extinction of one of its favorite prey, the long-tailed chinchilla (or lanigera) toward the end of the last century.","","","","","","","","Iriarte_1998_Andean_mountain_cat_in_Chile_-_Status_and_geographical_distribution.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1050","A Note from the Field","Jennings A;","2000 Apr ","","2CL;behavior;capture;method;Oncifelis guigna;poaching;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","6","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jennings_2000_Note_from_the_field.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1051","The subspecies question","Jackson P;","1991  ","","CITES;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","17","18","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","15 (July 1991)","","","English","","","","","","","Concern about the problem of defining felid subspecies and genetic differences between populations has recently arisen from several quarters. There is controversy over the introduction of Kenya lions to a private reserve in Botswana: Florida panthers have been found to have genes from other puma subspecies; priorities are needed for conservation of threatened wild populations; the captive breeding community is discussing the matter in the light of its future programmes: and the issue is of importance for implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Here are some informal comments received from leading taxonomists.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1991_The_subspecies_question.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1052","Relationship of effective to census size in fluctuating populations","Kalinowski ST;Waples RS;","2002  ","","population size;cycling population;effective population size;population genetics;","IN FILE","129","136","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kalinowski_&_Waples_2002_Defining_effective_to_fluctuating_population_size.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1054","Notas sovre la caceria y la conservation de los felidos en la amazonia ecuatoriana","Paz y Mino G;","1988 Sep ","","2EC;conservation;Felidae;trade;","IN FILE","2","14","Boletin Cientifico Fundacion 'Simon Bolivar'","","","","2","","","3","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Paz_y_Mino_1988_Felidae_of_Ecuador.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1055","A report on dense forest habitat for endangered wildlife species in Costa Rica","Vaughan C;","1983 Feb ","Extract","2CR;distribution;forest;habitat;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus wiedi;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vaughan_1983_Dense_forest_habitat_for_endangeres_species_Costa_Rica.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1056","A Tiger Shoot in Independent India","Jackson-Farrell A;","1951 Mar 20 ","","4IN;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;tiger show;tourism;","IN FILE","","","Reuters","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","India is becoming a hunter's paradise for Americans who want to shoot tigers. Government officials here estimate that between 500 and 1,000 tigers could be killed in the country each year without seriously affecting the general tiger population. And they have found that for foreign visitors the word 'tiger-shoot' has more glamour than even the Taj Mahal.","","","","","","","","Jackson-Farrell_1951_Tiger_Shoot_in_Independent_India.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1058","Conservation and hunting: their compativility in Afghanistan","Petocz RG;","1972 May 1 ","","5AF;conservation;hunting (by human);tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Petocz_1972_Conservation_and_hunting_-_their_compativility_in_Afghanistan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1059","Jinxed lynx ? Some very difficult questions with few simple answers","Bekoff M;","1999  ","","3US;Colorado;Lynx canadensis;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","","","Endangered Species UPDATE","","","","","","","3-4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bekoff_1999_Jinxed_Lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1060","Controversial cheetahs?","Laurenson MK;Caro TM;Gros PM;Wielebnowski N;","1995  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;genetic uniformity;genetics;","IN FILE","392","392","Nature","","","","377","","","5.October 1995","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_et_al_1995_Controversial_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1061","Genes that control genes","Day S;","1990  ","","genetics;master gene;ontogenesis;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","4","New Scientist","","","","40","","","3. November 1990","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Day_1990_Genes_that_control_genes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1062","In vitro maturation and fertilization of domestic cat follicular oocytes","Johnston LA;O'Brien SJ;Wildt DE;","1989  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;oocyte;reproduction technology;","IN FILE","343","356","Gamete Research","","","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnston_et_al_1989_In_vitro_oocyte_maturation_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1063","Gato huina","Bertonatti C;","1994  Sep - Oct","Manuscript included; Spanish","2AR;behavior;distribution;habitat;Oncifelis guigna;","IN FILE","21","22","Revista Vida Silvestre","","","","39","30 Especies Argentinas Amenazadas de Extinctión","","","","Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertonatti_1994_Oncifelis_guigna.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1064","Annual reproductive cycle of the Iriomote cat Felis iriomotensis","Okamura M;Doi T;Sakaguchi N;Izawa M;","2000  ","","4JP;breeding;breeding season;Iriomote;Iriomote cat;marking behavior;maternal care;mating season;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;reproduction;urine marking;","IN FILE","75","85","Mammal Study","","","","25","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, is a small felid endemic to Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. Little is known of its breeding ecology in either captivity or the wild. In this study we investigated the reproductive cycle from observations of the frequency of male urine marking, reproductive conditions and behaviors of females with young in the field, and with reference to previous reports related to breeding. Breeding of female Iriomote cats may not be seasonally restricted, although a mating peak was recognized between February and April. Females delivered litters between April and June, and maternal care continued until kittens reached four to 4.5 month of age.","","","","","","","","Okamura_et_al_2000_Reproduction_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1065","A new genus and species of cat from Iriomote, Ryukyu Islands","Imaizumi Y;","1967  ","","Iriomote;island;measurement;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;taxonomy;","IN FILE","74","105","","Jour Mammal Soc Jap ","","","3","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","No wild species of Carnivora had been known from Iriomote till Mr. Yukio Togawa, a famous naturalist in Japan, obtained two raw skins and the skull of a curious wild cat while visiting this island in the winter of 1965. After that the skin and a nearly complete skeleton of an adult male, the skull of another adult of unknown sex, and an immature skull were collected by him during his second expedition to the island in June and July 1963. In 1966, two more skulls were collected by a Tokyo University of Agriculture expedition. The author had an opportunity to study all of these specimens at the same time. They have a combination of several distinct characters in common by which they are easily distinguished from the known species and genera of Felidae. Therefore they seem to establish a new genus and species as follows","","","","","","","","Imaizumi_1967_New_species_of_cat_from_Iriomote.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1066","Phylogenetic relationship between the Iriomote cat and the leopard cat, Felis bengalensis, based on the ribosomal DNA","Suzuki H;Hosoda T;Sakurai S;Tsuchiya T;Munechika I;Korablev VP;","1994  ","","DNA;genetics;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;phylogeny;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;rDNA;Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism;","IN FILE","397","406","","Jpn J Genet ","","","69","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Suzuki_et_al_1994_RFLPs_of_spacer_of_rDNA_in_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1067","Two Japanese Wildcats, the Tsushima Cat and the Iriomote Cat, Show the Same Mitochondrial DNA Lineage as the Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis","Masuda R;Yoshida MC;","1995  ","","DNA;genetics;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;mtDNA;phylogeny;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;taxonomy;Tsushima;","IN FILE","655","659","Zoological Science","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_&_Yoshida_1995_Phylogeny_of_Tsushima_and_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1068","Molecular phylogenetic status of the Iriomote cat Felis iriomotensis, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis","Masuda R;Yoshida MC;Shinyashiki F;Bando G;","1994  ","","DNA;genetics;Iriomote;mtDNA;phylogeny;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;","IN FILE","597","604","Zoological Science","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_et_al_1994_mtDNA_Sequence_Phylogeny_of_Iriomote_Cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1069","The systematic status of the Iriomote cat (Prionailurus iriomotensis Imaizumi 1967) and the subspecies of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr 1792)","Leyhausen P;Pfleiderer M;","1999  ","","Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;status;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","121","131","","J Zool Syst Evol Research","","","37","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_&_Pfleiderer_1999_Systematic_status_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1070","Mane variation in African lions and its social correlates","Kays RW;Patterson BD;","2002  ","","1KE;coat pattern;intraspecific variation;mane;Panthera leo;social system;Tsavo National Park;","IN FILE","471","478","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","80","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kays_et_al_2002_Mane_variation_in_African_lions_and_its_social_correlates.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1071","The busy researchers of Tanzania","Packer C;","2000  ","","1TZ;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","4","5","","A L W G News","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_2000_Busy_researchers_of_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1072","Project life lion","Cleaveland S;","2000  ","","1TZ;Panthera leo;project;Serengeti;","IN FILE","5","5","","A L W G News","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cleaveland_2000_Project_life_lion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1073","Lions and livestock in northern Botswana","Rutina L;","2000  ","","1BW;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","8","8","","A L W G News","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rutina_2000_Lions_and_livestock_in_northern_Botswana.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1074","The mammals of Laos and the hunting practices","Chazee L;","1990 Apr ","","4LA;conservation;hunting (by human);Mammalia;status;","IN FILE","1","81","","","","","","","","","Vientiane","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chazee_1990_Mammals_of_Laos.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1075","The Distribution and Present Day Status of the Felids of Zimbabwe","Wilson VJ;","1984 Mar ","","1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;caracal;Caracal caracal;cheetah;distribution;Felidae;Felis caracal;Felis silvestris lybica;leopard;Leptailurus serval;lion;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;serval;status;wild cat;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","Bulawayo","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilson_1984_Distribution_and_Status_of_the_Felids_of_Zimbabwe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1077","The status of cats in the wild","Jackson P;","1997  ","","habitat;lesser cat;nature reserve;population trend;status;trade;","IN FILE","17","27","International Zoo Yearbook","","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1997_Status_of_cats_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1078","Cross-breeding of Wild and Domestic Cats","Bumstead P;Quillen P;","1997  ","","endangered species;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;hybridization;","IN FILE","4","4","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bumstead_&_Quillen_1997_Cross-breeding_of_wild_and_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1079","Profelis: The National Centre for Wild Feline Rescue","","1996  ","","2CR;conservation;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;observation;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;sighting;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","3","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","24","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_National_Centre_for_wild_feline_rescue.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1080","Systematic, Ecological, Ethological and Biogeographic Notes on the Andean cat","Scrocchi GJ;Halloy YSP;","1986  ","english translation of a originally Spanish article (RefID 996)","biogeography;Carnivora;characteristic;distribution;ecology;ethology;Felidae;habitat;Oreailurus jacobitus;taxonomy;","IN FILE","157","170","Acta Zoologica Lilloana","","","","38","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Scrocchi_&_Halloy_1986_Systematics_ecology_ethology_and_biogeography_of_Andean_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1081","A morphological key to differentiate Andean mountain cats, Oreailurus jacobita, from Pampas cat, Genus Lynchailurus","Garcia-Perea R;","1999  ","","Oreailurus jacobitus;coat pattern;morphology;Oncifelis colocolo;osteology;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_1999_Morphological_key_to_differentiate_Andean_mountain_and_Pampas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1082","Co-existence of Andean Mountain cat and Pampas cat in northern Chile","Sanderson JG;","","","2CL;Oreailurus jacobitus;coexistence;conservation;Oncifelis colocolo;religion;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_-_Coexistence_of_Andean_mountain_cat_and_Pampas_cat_in_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1083","Iriomote Island - Test Case for Japanese Policy on Biological Diversity","","1992  ","","4JP;conservation;endangered species;habitat;Iriomote;island;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;Pteropus dasymallus;threat;","IN FILE","6","9","Japan Environment Monitor","","","","","","","","Kofu","Rick Davis","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Iriomote_Island_and_Japanese_policy.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1084","Andean mountain cat in Chile: Status and geographical distribution","Iriarte AW;","1998  ","","2CL;Andean mountain cat;behavior;conservation;distribution;habitat;Oreailurus jacobitus;poaching;status;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The local Aimara people who work in the field can identify both wildcat species. The Aimaras name the Andean Mountain cat TITI and the Pampas cat ABATIRE. Stuffed animals are used in ritual festivities in the middle of each February for to have better crops and more livestock fecundity. When an Aimara herdsman saw a wildcat they have to kill them or they will have a bad year. In almost every home in the Chilean Altiplano is possible to find stuffed wildcats or skins. Each June 24, in the town of Putre (3,500m) the local farmers participate in a festivity called 'Fiesta del Titi' (Andean Mountain cat party). Park guards saw in November 1997 an O. jacobita in a salt lagoon trying to hunt some aquatic birds. The Andean Mountain cat body is 20% larger than Pampas cat's and the tails 40% larger. The entrance of a new belief in the region (Protestant Christian Church) that reject the use of stuffed wildcats in festivities is helping to protect both wildcat species. The Andean Mountain cats are found almost exclusively in areas above 3,500m in the Chilean Altiplano. The Andean Mountain cats prefer the next ecosystem-type: remote zones+wet meadows+rocky areas with cliffs+viscacha colonies. There is no evidences of commercial use of the wildcats in the Chilean Altiplano. One of the reason because the Andean Mountain cat disappear from the southern portion of its range in Central Chile it was for the widespread extinction of chinchilla colonies during the last century.","","","","","","","","Iriarte_1998_Andean_mountain_cat_in_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1085","A record on a breeding site of the Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis","Okamura M;Sakaguchi N;Izawa M;Doi T;","1995  ","","breeding;Iriomote;observation;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;record;","IN FILE","1","6","Island Studies in Okinawa","","","","13","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Okamura_et_al_1995_Record_on_a_breeding_site_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1086","On tracks of the Iriomote cat","Imaizumi Y;","1977  ","","behavior;conservation;endangered species;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;track;wildlife;","IN FILE","48","53","","","","","","Wildlife '77: The World Conservation Yearbook","","","","Danbury Press, U.S.","English","","","","","","","A new species of wild cat was discovered in 1964 on Iriomotejima Island in the Ryukyu group. The new cat appeared to be the most primitive member of the cat family. But how many of them were there? There could not have been very many because their island home only measures some nineteen by thirteen miles.","","","","","","","","Imaizumi_1977_On_tracks_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1087","Molecular Phylogeny and Genetic Variety of Two Japanese Wildcats, the Iriomote Cat and the Tsushima CatThe 2nd International Symposium on Coexistence of large carnivores with man","Masuda R;","","","4JP;genetics;Iriomote;phylogeny;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;Tsushima;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_-_Iriomote_cat_and_Tsushima_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1088","Records of deaths and clinical pathological examinations of the Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, in 1995","Akuzawa M;Yasuda N;Sakaguchi N;Murata S;Itani G;Okamura M;Doi T;","1996  ","","clinical pathological examination;Iriomote;mortality;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;record;","IN FILE","23","29","Island Studies in Okinawa","","","","14","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Four dead and one injured Iriomote cats (Felis iriomotensis) were found in 1995. The injured cat died soon after the capture for medical treatments. Of the five individuals, three were killed in traffic accidents, one was killed by domestic dogs, whereas the cause of death was not specified for the other one. Pathological postmortem examinations were conducted on four of those cats.","","","","","","","","Akuzawa_et_al_1996_Pathological_examinations_of_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1089","Pallas' Cat, Manul","","1988  ","","CITES;IUCN;Otocolobus manul;Red List;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","106","111","","","","","","Significant trade in wildlife: A review of selected species in CITES Appendix IIVolume 1: Mammals","Broad S;Luxmoore R;Jerkins M;","","Cambridge","IUCN Conservation Monitoring Center","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Pallas_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1090","Felis margarita scheffeli, eine neue Sandkatzen-Unterart aus der Nushki-Wüste, Pakistan (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae)","Hemmer H;","1974  ","with English summary","Carnivora;craniometry;Felidae;Felis margarita;Felis margarita scheffeli;Mammalia;taxonomy;","IN FILE","29","34","","Senckenbergiana biol ","","","55","","","1","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1974_Felis_margarita_scheffeli.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1091","Breeding the fossa at Suffolk Wildlife Park","Hornsey T;","1999  ","","1MG;breeding;captive breeding;Cryptoprocta ferox;Fossa;parturition;reproduction;wildlife;","IN FILE","407","417","International Zoo News","","","","46","","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornsey_1999_Breeding_the_fossa_at_Suffolk_Wildlife_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1092","Zur Haltung und Zucht der Sandkatze (Felis margarita Loche 1858)","Scheffel W;Hemmer H;","1974  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captivity;Felis margarita;handling;kitten;ontogenesis;sand cat;","IN FILE","338","348","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","44","","","","","","German","","","","","","","There are given some dates on keeping and breeding sand cats (Felis margarita) in captivity. The postnatal development of 2 litters of 4 resp. 8 kittens born in April and September after gestation periods of 59-63 days is described. The possible reasons for the failure in rearing one of these litters are discussed.","","","","","","","","Scheffel_&_Hemmer_1974_Felis_margarita.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1093","Racoon Dog Scent Marking by Scats and its Significance in Socail Behaviour","Ikeda H;","1984  ","","4JP;behavior;marking behavior;Nyctereutes procyonoides;Nyctereutes procyonoides veverrinus;faeces;scent marking;","IN FILE","77","84","Journal of Ethology","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Utilization pattern of latrines by raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, was studies on a small island in western Kyushu, Japan. Seventy-eight latrines were spread over the study areas, these were formed on the flat surface in woody areas. Although the site and number of latrines were fairly stable throughout the year, distribution of the utilized latrines and number of scats per latrine were changed seasonally. Latrines were grouped into several clusters and communal utilization of latrines by several animals was observed within the cluster. Seasonal changes of utilization pattern observed in communal utilization rate and cluster formation was assumed to be caused by the changing of the social unit of raccoon dogs. Familiarization within the home range and information site to conspecifics may be concluded as the function of latrines.","","","","","","","","Ikeda_1984_Racoon_dog_scent_marking_by_scats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1094","The Barbary lion and the Cape lion: their phylogenetic places and conservation","Yamaguchi N;","2000  ","","1Afr;conservation;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;Panthera leo melanochaita;phylogeny;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","9","11","","A L W G News","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamaguchi_2000_Barbary_and_Cape_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1095","Nucleotide Sequence Variation of Cytochrome b Genes in Three Species of Weasels Mustela itatsi, Mustela sibirica, and Mustela nivalis, Detected by Improved PCR Product-direct Sequencing Technique","Masuda R;Yoshida MC;","1994  ","","cytochrome b;genetics;mtDNA;Mustela itatsi;Mustela nivalis;Mustela sibirica;Polymerase Chain Reaction;phylogeny;","IN FILE","33","43","","Jour Mammal Soc Jap ","","","19","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_&_Yoshida_1994_Nucleotide_Sequence_Variation_of_Cytochrome_b.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1096","Sighting records of the Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, on Iriomote Island 2","Izawa M;Sakaguchi N;Murata S;Okamura M;","1994  ","","4JP;behavior;Iriomote;island;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;record;sighting;","IN FILE","37","52","Island Studies in Okinawa","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A total 189 sighting records of the Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, were collected from 1989 to 1993. 72,5% of sighting points were concentrated along the northern paved road. The records of the behaviors of observed cats suggested that the Iriomote cats utilized this road not only for crossing from the mountainous interior to the coastal area, but also as a foraging area and defecating site. The highest sighting frequency was recorded from December to March, and it seemed to be caused by some behavioural changes in the mating season. The Iriomote cats were most frequently encountered from 19:00 to 21. This pattern seemed to correspond to the daily activity pattern of the Iriomote cat reported in previous studies. The sighting records within the human residential area constituted 16.9% of the total.","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_1994_Sighting_records_of_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1097","Records of deaths of Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis 2","Izawa M;Sakaguchi N;Okamura M;Yasuda N;Akuzawa M;Mochizuki M;","1993  ","","Iriomote;mortality;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;record;","IN FILE","107","112","Island Studies in Okinawa","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Three cases of deaths of Iriomote cat, Felis iriomotensis, occurred from February to April, 1993. Pathological post-morten examinations were conducted on the three carcasses as well as another one which died in February 1992. The four specimens, all adult males, included two very old and one relatively young individuals. Results of investigations indicate that these animals were killed by injuries and fractures from some external forces, and serious infection of parasites.","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_1993_Records_of_deaths_of_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1098","Iriomote cat (Mayailurus iriomotensis)","","1994  ","","4JP;endangered species;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","","","Asahi Newspaper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1099","A Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Mustelidae (Mammalia, Carnivora), Based on Comparison of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Nucleotide Sequences","Masuda R;Michihiro YC;","1994  ","","Carnivora;cytochrome b;genetics;Mammalia;Mustelidae;Polymerase Chain Reaction;phylogeny;","IN FILE","605","612","Zoological Science","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_&_Michihiro_1994_Molecular_phylogeny_of_the_Family_Mustelidae.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1100","Lion working group report","","1999  ","","1ZA;conservation;conservation strategy;keystone species;Panthera leo;report;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","CBSG Annual Meeting, Warmbaths, South Africa, 15-17 October 1999","","","","CBSG","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Lion_working_group_report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1101","Common dynamic structure of Canada lynx populations within three climatic regions","Stenseth NC;Chan K;Tong H;Boonstra R;Boutin S;Krebs CJ;Post E;O'Donoghue M;Yoccoz NG;Forchhammer MC;Hurrell JW;","1999  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;cycling population;density;dynamics;habitat;Lynx canadensis;population cycle;population density;population dynamics;population fluctuation;","IN FILE","1071","1073","Science","","","","285","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Across the boreal forest of Canada, lynx populations undergo regular density cycles. Analysis of 21 time series from 1821 onward demonstrated structural similarity in these cycles within large regions of Canada. The observed population dynamics are consistent with a regional structure caused by climatic features, resulting in a grouping of lynx population dynamics into three types (corresponding to three climatic-based geographic regions): Pacific-maritime, Continental, and Atlantic-maritime. A possible link with the North Atlantic Oscillation is suggested.","","","","","","","","Stenseth_et_al_1999_Common_dynamic_structure_of_Canada_lynx_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1102","Detecting wildlife poaching: identfying the origin of individuals with Bayesian assignment test and multilocus genotypes","Manel S;Berthier P;Luikart G;","2002  ","","Bayesian analysis;DNA analysis;genetic analysis;genetics;microsatellite;origin;poaching;wildlife;","IN FILE","650","659","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Illegal harvesting is a serious threat to the persistence of many plant and animal taxa. The combination of highly polymorphic DNA markers and new statistical methods called 'assignment tests' can potentially help detect and thereby reduce poaching. Assignment tests can identify the population of origin of individuals if populations are genetically differentiated. We evaluated the usefulness of two assignment tests to wildlife forensics by applying them to large empirical (microsatellite DNA) data sets from 10 species. We also conducted computer simulations to assess the influence of genetic polymorphism (heterozygosity) and population differentiation (FST) on the performance of the tests. The fully Bayesian assignment test of Pritchard et al. (2000) performed better than the partially Bayesian exclusion test of Cornuet et al. (1999), but the fully Bayesian method requires the assumption that the true population of origin was sampled. The median percentage of individuals correctly assigned for the 10 empirical data sets was 61% and 36% for the assignment and exclusion tests, respectively. Both the empirical and simulated data sets suggest that nearly all individuals can be assigned with high statistical certainty (99.9%) for two highly differentiated populations (FST0.15-0.2) when 10 loci (H=0.6) and samples of 30-50 individuals are used per population. We recommend using both tests when the true population of origin might not have been sampled in the data set.","","","","","","","","Manel_et_al_2002_Assignment_test_for_detecting_wildlife_poaching.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1103","Breeding","","1996  ","","Bengal cat;breeding;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;hybridization;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","","","Website","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Bengal_Toy_Leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1104","Book review: Issues and priorities for mammal conservation","Dudley JP;","2002  ","","conservation;","IN FILE","1169","1171","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dudley_2002_Issues_and_priorities_for_mammal_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1105","Morphological characteristics and affinities of the Chinese mountain cat, Felis bieti (Preliminary Report)","Garcia-Perea R;","2000  ","","biometrics;characteristic;Felis bieti;morphology;skull;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","Madrid, Spain","Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_2000_Morphological_characteristics_and_affinities_of_the_Chinese_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1106","Black Footed Cat","","1998  ","","behavior;coloration;distribution;Felis nigripes;status;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Black_footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1107","Freezing time at the zoo","Seymour J;","1994  ","","artificial breeding;captive breeding;reproduction technology;zoo;","IN FILE","21","23","New Scientist","","","","","","","29. January 1994","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seymour_1994_Freezing_time_at_the_zoo.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1108","Marriage to a cousin 'improves the genome'","Pain S;","1993  ","","genetics;Homo sapiens;inbreeding;","IN FILE","9","9","New Scientist","","","","","","","27. February 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pain_1993_Marriage_to_a_cousin_improves_the_genome.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1109","The application of artificial insemination to, and the DNA analysis of the lions at the Lion Safari Park","Friedmann Y;Bartels P;","2000  ","","1ZA;artificial insemination;DNA analysis;Panthera leo;reproduction technology;safari park;","IN FILE","6","7","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Friedmann_&_Bartels_2000_Artificial_insemination_and_DNA_analysis_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1110","Reproductive Parameters of Clouded Leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)","Yamada JK;Durrant BS;","1989  ","","Neofelis nebulosa;oestrous cycle;reproduction;seasonality;sexual maturity;","IN FILE","223","231","Zoo Biology","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamada_&_Durrant_1989_Reproductive_Parameters_of_Clouded_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1111","A note on the record of Clouded leopards in Nepal","Mehta JN;Dhewaju RG;","1990  ","","4NP;measurement;Neofelis nebulosa;record;sighting;status;","IN FILE","21","22","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mehta_&_Dhewaju_1990_Clouded_leopards_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1112","The status and conservation of  the Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa diardi) in Sumatra","Santiapillai C;","1986  ","","4ID;Neofelis nebulosa;conservation;distribution;habitat;Neofelis nebulosa diardi;status;Sumatra;threat;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","27","","","","Bogor","WWF","English","","","","","WWF/IUCN","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_1986_Status_and_conservation_of_the_Clouded_leopard_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1113","Clouded leopard: Distribution map","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4ID;Neofelis nebulosa;distribution;Kalimantan;","IN FILE","367","367","","","","","","Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","Indonesia","Japan Int. Coop. Agency; Dir. Gen. of Higher Education","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No.3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Clouded_leopard_-_map.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1114","Mate killing in Clouded leopards: A hypothesis","Kitchener AC;","1999  ","","behavior;captive breeding;mating;Neofelis nebulosa;social system;","IN FILE","221","224","International Zoo News","","","","46","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_1999_Mate_killing_in_Clouded_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1115","Clouded Leopard","","","","behavior;biology;coloration;distribution;Neofelis nebulosa;","IN FILE","1","2","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Clouded_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1116","The Clouded leopard in Malaysian Borneo","Rabinowitz AR;Andau P;Chai PPK;","1987  ","","4MY;Borneo;Neofelis nebulosa;conservation;status;","IN FILE","107","111","Oryx","","","","21","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_et_al_1987_Clouded_leopard_in_Malaysian_Borneo.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1117","The Clouded leopard in Taiwan","Rabinowitz AR;","1988  ","","4TW;clouded leopard;distribution;Neofelis nebulosa;status;survey;","IN FILE","46","47","Oryx","","","","22","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","There has never been a thorough survey of Taiwan's clouded leopard population, and some believe it may no longer survive there. The author conducted a preliminary survey in 1986 and discovered that the last reported sighting of the species was in 1983.","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1988_Clouded_leopard_in_Taiwan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1118","The Clouded leopard in Nepal","Dinerstein E;Mehta JN;","1989  ","","4NP;distribution;Neofelis nebulosa;record;status;","IN FILE","199","201","Oryx","","","","23","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Clouded leopards were believed to be extinct in Nepal, the last published record being from 1863, but in 1987-1988 four individuals were found in the country These findings extend the known range of the species westward and suggest that clouded leopards are able to survive and breed in degraded woodlands and scrub previously supporting moist subtropical semi-deciduous forest. One of the clouded leopards was radio-collared, the first free-ranging individual to be so, and tracked for several days after its release in Royal Chitwan National Park. The translocation was unsuccessful - the leopard rapidly travelled towards the site from which it was captured.","","","","","","","","Dinerstein_&_Mehta_1989_Clouded_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1119","The Clouded leopard in Sumatra","Santiapillai C;Ashby KR;","1988  ","","4ID;Neofelis nebulosa;distribution;status;Sumatra;","IN FILE","44","45","Oryx","","","","22","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Few people see the clouded leopard, and its elusiveness makes it a difficult subject for scientific study. In Sumatra, there has been no serious research on the species, and the authors present the scanty information on its distribution there and stress the urgent need for a survey to establish the whereabouts of viable populations.","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_&_Ashby_1988_Clouded_leopard_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1120","The Clouded leopard in Assam","Choudhury A;","1993  ","","4IN;Assam;distribution;Neofelis nebulosa;status;","IN FILE","51","53","Oryx","","","","27","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The elusive and nocturnal clouded leopard is seldom seen but information collected in the course of a 6-year primate survey revealed that it still occurs in the forests of the state of Assam in India. The species has not been recorded in any of the state's protected areas, however, and it is threatened by deforestation.","","","","","","","","Choudhury_1993_Clouded_leopard_in_Assam.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1121","Letters to the Editor","Marx N;","1999  ","","behavior;captive breeding;mating;Neofelis nebulosa;social system;","IN FILE","357","358","International Zoo News","","","","46","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marx_1999_Mate_killing_in_Clouded_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1122","Marbled Cat: Distribution map","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4ID;distribution;Kalimantan;Pardofelis marmorata;","IN FILE","368","368","","","","","","Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","Indonesia","Japan Int. Coop. Agency and Dir. Gen. of Higher Education","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No.3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Marbled_cat_-_map.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1123","Marbled cat","","1997  ","","coloration;distribution;Pardofelis marmorata;status;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Marbled_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1124","Small cat conservation","Charter R;","1995  ","","captive breeding;conservation;Felis margarita;","IN FILE","","","Lifewatch","","Life Watch","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Charter_1995_Small_cat_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1125","Notes on the Sand Cat, Felis margarita Loche, 1958","Hemmer H;Grubb P;Groves CP;","1975  ","","Felis margarita;habitat;measurement;morphology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","286","303","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","41","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_et_al_1975_Notes_on_the_Sand_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1126","Diet and Feeding Behaviour of the Black-footed Cat (Felis nigripes Burchell, 1924) in the Kimberley Region, South Africa","Sliwa A;","1994  ","","1ZA;Felis nigripes;diet;feeding;feeding behavior;Kimberley;","IN FILE","83","96","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","64","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1994_Diet_and_feeding_behaviour_of_the_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1127","Pleasures and Worries of a Black-Footed Cat Field Study in South Africa","Sliwa A;","1996  ","","1ZA;Felis nigripes;reproduction;status;","IN FILE","1","3","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","23","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1996_Black-footed_cat_field_study_in_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1128","Conservation of lions and other large carnivores in the Kunene Region, Namibia","Stander P;","2000  ","","1NA;Carnivora;conservation;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","8","9","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_2000_Conservation_of_lions_and_other_large_carnivores_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1129","Marsh Owl Associating with Black-footed Cat","Sliwa A;","1994  ","","Asio capensis;Felis nigripes;hunting behavior;interspecific association;","IN FILE","23","24","Gabar","","","","9","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1994_Marsh_owl_associating_with_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1130","Tsavo lions became man eaters because of tooth aches??","Jackson P;","2000  ","","1KE;maneater;Panthera leo;Tsavo National Park;","IN FILE","9","9","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_2000_Tsavo_lions_became_man_eaters_because_of_tooth_aches.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1131","Small spotted hunting machines","Sliwa A;","1993  ","","1ZA;activity;behavior;feeding behavior;Felis nigripes;hunting behavior;telemetry;","IN FILE","5","6","Griqua Gnus","","","","","","","223","","Wildlife Society of Southern Africa","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1993_Small-spotted_hunting_machines.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1132","Black-footed cat (Felis nigripes)","Sliwa A;","1993  ","","1ZA;behavior;Felis nigripes;ecology;habitat;Studbook;","IN FILE","6","14","","","","","","International Studbook for the Black-footed cat","Albright G;","","","Zoologischer Garten Wuppertal","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1993_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1133","The distribution of the Small-spotted cat, Felis nigripes","Stuart CT;","1982  ","","1BW;1NA;1ZA;Cape Province;distribution;Felis nigripes;","IN FILE","8","9","","","Naturalist","","26","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1982_Distribution_of_the_Small-spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1134","Molecular genetic identification of a Mexican Onza specimen as a Puma (Puma concolor)","Dratch PA;Roslund W;Martenson JS;Culver M;O'Brien SJ;","1996  ","","genetics;Mexican onza;mtDNA;Puma concolor;Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism;","IN FILE","42","49","Interdisciplinary Journal of the International Society of Cryptozoology","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dratch_et_al_1996_Molecular_genetic_identification_of_a_Mexican_onza_as_a_Puma.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1135","Coordinated survey of the lion population in the Okavango Delta","Sechele ML;","2000  ","","1BW;aerial survey;population size;Okavango Delta;Panthera leo;survey;","IN FILE","11","12","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sechele_2000_Coordinated_survey_of_the_lion_population_in_the_Okavango_Delta.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1136","The breeding of Spotted and Black Leopards","Robinson R;","1970  ","","breeding;genetics;heredity;Panthera pardus;polymorphism;reproduction;","IN FILE","423","429","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","66","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1970_Breeding_of_Spotted_and_Black_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1137","Inheritance of the black form of the leopard Panthera pardus","Robinson R;","1970  ","","genetics;heredity;melanism;Panthera pardus;reproduction;","IN FILE","190","197","Genetica","","","","41","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1970_Inheritance_of_the_black_form_of_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1138","Sustaining felid populations in human-dominated landscapes","Litvaitis JA;Bertran JF;Delibes M;Moreno S;Villafuerte R;","1996  ","","3NAm;8ES;corridor;Felidae;Felis silvestris;habitat fragmentation;landscape;population;prey;prey density;","IN FILE","292","296","Journal of Wildlife Research","","","","1","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Worldwide, populations of wild cats have been reduced and fragmented by exploitation and contemporary land uses. Although many of these populations are now protected from legal exploitation. they continue to decline as human-related factors (e.g., habitat degradation, poaching, and vehicle coIlisions) and stochastic events limit survival and reproduction. Local efforts to protect endangered populations of felids will likely fail because of the area requirements of these wide-ranging carnivores. Previous research has demonstrated the imponance of rnaintaining demographic connections (via habitat corridors) to ensure long-term viability of these populations. However, such management efforts may require decades to implement and small populations may perish before such effons are completed. Therefore, we suggest that conservationists consider a multi-scaled approach in space (local, landscape, regional, and international) and time (immediate action, interim steps, and long-term goals) to restoring and maintaining these populations. The advantages and limitations of such an approach are examined with information on bobcats (L rufus) in the northeastem United States and lberian Iynx (Lynx pardina) in southem Spain, Persistence of disjunct populations of felids in human-dominated habitats will likely be dependent on management efforts at several spatial and temporal scales.","","","","","","","","Litvaitis_et_al_1996_Felid_in_human-dominated_landscapes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1139","Locomotor Activity of Terrestrial Predators and Its Consequences","Goszczynski J;","1986  ","","activity;Canidae;diet;Felidae;home range;measurement;movement distance;Mustelidae;predator;","IN FILE","79","95","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","31","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goszczynski_1986_Locomotor_activity_of_terrestrial_predators.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1140","Cycle of movements and forces exerted by mammalian limbs","Gray J;","","","cycling population;limb;locomotion;Mammalia;","IN FILE","225","282","","","","","","Animal Locomotion","Carrington R;","","London","Weidenfeld and Nicolson","English","","","","","The World Naturalist","","","","","","","","","","Gray_-_Cycle_of_movements_and_forces_exerted_by_mammalian_limbs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1141","Onza specimen obtained - Identity being studied","","1986  ","","2MX;measurement;Mexican onza;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","6","ISC Newsletter","","","","5","","","1","","International Societ of Cryptozoology","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Onza_specimen_obtained.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1142","Onza identity still unresolved","","1988  ","","2MX;genetics;Mexican onza;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","5","6","ISC Newsletter","","","","7","","","4","International Societ of Cryptozoology","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Onza_identity_still_unresolved.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1143","Two new Onza skulls found","","1985  ","","2MX;Acinonyx trumani;craniometry;genetics;Mexican onza;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","6","7","ISC Newsletter","","","","4","","","4","","International Societ of Cryptozoology","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1985_Two_new_Onza_skulls_found.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1144","Follow up: The Barbary Lion Project: its feasibility and potential","Yamaguchi N;","2000  ","","feasibility study;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;Panthera leo melanochaita;project;","IN FILE","12","13","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamaguchi_2000_The_Barbary_Lion_Project.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1145","Experts wild about onza","","1986  ","","2MX;Mexican onza;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","Observer","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Experts_wild_about_onza.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1146","Phylogeographic Patterns and Evolution of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in Two Neotropical Cats (Mammalia, Felidae)","Eizirik E;Bonatto SL;Johnson WE;Crawshaw PG;Vie JC;Brousset DM;O'Brien SJ;Salzano FM;","1998  ","","2SAm;DNA;evolution;Felidae;genetic diversity;genetics;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;Mammalia;margay;mtDNA;ocelot;phylogeny;population genetics;","IN FILE","613","624","Journal of Molecular Evolution","","","","47","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and margay (L. wiedii) are sister-species of Neotropical cats which evolved from a lineage that migrated into South America during the formation of the Panamanian land bridge 3-5 million years ago. Patterns of population genetic divergence of each species were studied by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences in individuals sampled across the distribution of these taxa. Abundant genetic diversity and remarkably concordant phylogeographic partitions for both species were observed, identifying parallel geographic regions which likely reflect historical faunal barriers. Inferred aspects of phylogeography, population genetic structure, and demographic history were used to formulate conservation recommendations for these species. In addition, observed patterns of sequence variation provided insight into the molecular evolution of the mtDNA control region in closely related felids.","","","","","","","","Eizirik_et_al_1998_Phylogeny_of_mtDNA_in_ozelot_and_margay.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1147","Notas sobre felidos neotropicales - Felis (Leopardus) pardalis mitis F. Cuvier, 1820 en el Uruguay","Ximénez A;","1988  ","","2UY;distribution;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus pardalis mitis;record;","IN FILE","1","7","Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo","","","","12","","","168","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_1988_Notes_about_neotropical_felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1148","Ecology and Behavior of Ocelots in Venezuela","Ludlow ME;Sunquist ME;","1987  ","","2VE;behavior;ecology;home range;Leopardus pardalis;movement pattern;telemetry;","IN FILE","447","461","National Geographic Research","","","","3","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ludlow_&_Sunquist_1987_Ecology_and_Behavior_of_Ocelots_in_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1149","Leopardus pardalis","","1982  ","","2UY;distribution;Leopardus pardalis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1982_Leopardus_pardalis.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1150","The lions of Queen Elizabeth National Park - Uganda - their demographic and health status and relationships with people","Dricuru M;Katabarwa D;Kisolo D;Lutaaya B;Pomeroy D;Tushabe H;","2000  ","","1UG;Panthera leo;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;status;veterinary;","IN FILE","14","15","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dricuru_et_al_2000_The_lions_of_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1151","Notes on Ocelot Movement and Activity in the Pantanal Region, Brazil","Crawshaw PG;Quigley HB;","1989  ","","2BR;activity;home range;Leopardus pardalis;movement pattern;Pantanal;telemetry;","IN FILE","377","379","Biotropica","","","","21","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_&_Quigley_1989_Ocelot_movement_and_activity_in_the_Pantanal_Region.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1152","Study of the endangered ocelot occurring in Texas; Distribution, status, and ecology of the ocelot and jaguarundi in Texas","Everett DD;","1983  ","","3US;behavior;distribution;ecology;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;status;Texas;","IN FILE","22","24","","","","","","","","","Texas","Wildlife Research Institute, College of Agriculture Texas A&I University","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Everett_1983_Ocelot_and_jaguarundi_in_Texas.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1153","The socio-ecology of re-introduced lions in small reserves: comparisons with established popuations and the implications for management in enclosed conservation areas","Hunter L;Slotow R;","2000  ","","1ZA;conservation;management;Panthera leo;reintroduction;social behavior;","IN FILE","17","20","African Lion News - The newsletter of the AFRICAN lion working group","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_&_Slotow_2000_Socio-ecology_of_reintroduced_lions_in_small_reserves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1154","The tooth of perfection: functional and spatial constraints on mammalian tooth shape","Evans AR;Sanson GD;","2003  ","","teeth;morphology;model;conservation;size;food;","IN FILE","173","191","Biological Journal of the Linean Society","","","","78","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This paper addresses the question of how close mammalian teeth are to ideal functional forms. An 'ideal' form is a morphology predicted to be the best functional shape according to information of the relationships between shape and function. Deviations from an ideal form are likely to indicate the presence of developmental or genetic constraints on form. Model tools were constructed to conform to functional principles from engineering and dental studies. The final model shapes are very similar to several mammalian tooth forms (carnassial teeth and tribospheniclike cusps), suggesting that these tooth forms very closely approach ideal functional forms. Further evidence that these tooth forms are close to ideal comes from the conservation over 140 million years, the independent derivation and/or the occurrence over a size range of several orders of magnitude of these basic tooth forms. One of the main functional shapes derived here is the 'protoconoid', a fundamental design for double-bladed tools that fits a large number of functional parameters. This shape occurs in tooth forms such as tribosphenic, dilambdodont and zalambdodont. This study extends our understanding of constraints on tooth shape in terms of geometry (how space influences tooth shape) and function (how teeth divide food).","","","","","","","","Evans_&_Sanson_2003_Functional_and_spatial_constraints_on_mammalian_tooth_shape.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1155","Sand trapped","","1997  ","Author unknown, Photographs by Dragesco-Joffe","1NG;Felis margarita;photograph;","IN FILE","78","79","Natural History","","","","","","","7-8/1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Sand_trapped.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1156","Scientific detectives take up the search for an infamous 'lions' den, lost for one hundred years","Peterhans JCK;Kusimba CM;Gnoske TP;Andanje S;Patterson BD;","1998  ","","1KE;den site;maneater;Panthera leo;Tsavo National Park;","IN FILE","12","14","Natural History","","","","","","","11/1998","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Peterhans_1998_Search_for_an_infamous_lions_den.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1157","Felis serval","Smithers RHN;","1989  ","","behavior;characteristic;craniometry;diet;distribution;habitat;Leptailurus serval;reproduction;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","394","397","","","","","","The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion","","253","","University of Pretoria","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1989_Leptailurus_serval.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1158","The status of Two Endangered Carnivores Occuring in The Cape Province, South Africa, Felis serval and Lutra maculicollis","Stuart CT;","1985  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;distribution;endangered species;Leptailurus serval;Lutra maculicollis;status;","IN FILE","375","382","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","32","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1985_Endangered_carnivores_in_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1159","Rare and endangered mammals of the Cape Province","Stuart CT;","1981  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;endangered species;Mammalia;","IN FILE","4","8","","","Naturalist","","25","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1981_Rare_and_endangered_mammals_of_the_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1160","The evidence for the presence of large exotic cats in the Bodmin area and their possible impact on livestock","Baker SJ;Wilson CJ;","1995  ","","8GB;footprint;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;Puma concolor;sighting;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food","English","","","","","","","This is a report on the investigation into the possible presence, and potential impact on livestock, of „big cats' in the Bodmin Moor of Cornwall. The study was carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF) between 12 January and 1 July 1995. The investigation could not prove that a 'big cat' is not present. However, the investigation received no verifiable evidence for the presence of a 'big cat'. Only four cases of possible predation were reported in six months and there was no evidence for 'big cats' being involved in these. There is no significant threat to livestock in the Bodmin area.","","","","","","","","Baker_&_Wilson_1995_Evidence_of_large_exotic_cats_in_the_Bodmin_area.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1161","Impressions and observation on serval behaviour in Tanzania, East Africa","Geertsema A;","1976  ","","1TZ;feeding behavior;hunting behavior;Leptailurus serval;observation;territorial behaviour;","IN FILE","13","19","Mammalia","","","","40","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Geertsema_1976_Serval_behaviour_in_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1162","Aspects of the ecology of the Serval Leptailurus serval in the Ngorongoro crater, Tanzania","Geertsema A;","1985  ","","1TZ;activity;behavior;diet;distribution;ecology;habitat;home range;hunting behavior;Leptailurus serval;marking method;Ngorongoro;sighting;","IN FILE","527","610","Netherlands Journal of Zoology","","","","35","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Geertsema_1985_Ecology_of_the_Serval_in_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1163","El lince se nos va","Ruiz R;","2001 Jul 22 ","","8ES;conservation;endangered species;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","54","63","El Pais","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","The joy of the Iberian fauna, the lynx, is on the edge of extinction. Only a few hundreds are left. The days of the big spotted cat are numbered. Urgent measures are needed.","","","","","","","","Ruiz_2001_El_lince_se_nos_va.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1164","Endangered species benefit from research","Taylor F;","1990  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;endangered species;genetic variation;research;","IN FILE","5","8","News & Features","","","","","","","June 1990","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Taylor_1990_Endangered_species_benefit_from_research.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1165","Aspects of Serval ecology in Natal","Bowland J;","1993  ","","1Afr;diet;ecology;habitat;Leptailurus serval;Natal;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bowland_1993_Aspects_of_serval_ecology_in_Natal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1166","The Serval","","1995  ","","activity;characteristic;Leptailurus serval;social system;threat;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","18","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Serval.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1167","Interactive influence of infectuous disease and genetic diversity in natural populations","O'Brien SJ;Evermann JF;","1988  ","","bottleneck;disease;genetic variation;genetics;immune system;population;virus;","IN FILE","254","259","Trends in Ecology and Evolution","","","","3","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_&_Evermann_1988_Infectuous_disease_and_genetic_diversity_in_natural_populations.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1168","European Wildcat (Felis silvestris)","Stahl P;Artois M;","","not complete","8Eur;conservation;distribution;Felis silvestris;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Artois_-_European_wildcat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1169","Wildcat (Felis silvestris)","","","","coloration;Felis silvestris;habitat;home range;measurement;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1170","Preserving the snow leopard and its habitat","","1996  ","","4NP;conservation;habitat;radio collar;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","3","The Rolex Awards for Enterprise Journal","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Preserving_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1171","The Asiatic lion","Rashid MA;David R;","1992  ","","4IN;distribution;mapping;origin;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","44","45","","","","","","","","","","Dept of Environment","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_&_David_1992_The_asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1172","The desert cat Felis lybica in Panna National Park","Yoganand K;","1998  ","","4IN;characteristic;desert;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Panna Tiger Reserve;cat;National Park;","IN FILE","130","130","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","96","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yoganand_1998_Desert_cat_in_Panna_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1173","The south China tiger - Felis tigris amoyensis Hilzheimer","Allen GM;","1940  ","","4CN;distribution;ecology;measurement;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;natural history;history;","IN FILE","480","486","","","","","","Natural History of Central Asia","","213","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Allen_1940_The_south_china_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1174","Felis silvestris (European wild cat)","","","","4CN;distribution;Felis silvestris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chinese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Felis_silvestris_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1175","Camera trapping for jaguar (Panthera onca) in the Tuichi valley, Bolivia","Wallace RB;Gomez H;Ayala G;Espinoza F;","2003  ","","2BO;camera trap;jaguar;method;Panthera onca;population estimate;trapping;techniques;statistic;tiger;population;population density;density;abundance;human;disturbance;","IN FILE","133","139","","J Neotrop Mammal ","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Camera trapping techniques, in combination with robust mark-recapture statistics, have been used extensively in Asia to provide tiger population density estimates and relative abundance information. Here we present the results of a first attempt to use these methodologies to determine jaguar abundance. Results suggest a relatively low jaguar population density. Nevertheless, it is hypothesized that previous human disturbance at the site may be responsible for this situation, thereby underlining the need for further studies of this nature.","","","","","","","","Wallace_et_al_2003_Camera_trapping_for_jaguar_in_Bolivia.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1176","Untersuchung der Ernährungsweise und der Populationsdichte des Leoparden (Panthera pardus) im Lope Reservat, Gabun, Zentralafrika","Henschel P;","2001  ","","1GA;ecology;Panthera pardus;density;prey;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","41","","","","","","","","","","Zentrum für Naturschutz an der Biologischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität zu Götingen","German","","","","","","","","","","","Diploma thesis","","","","Henschel_2001_Diet_and_population_density_of_leopards_in_Gabun.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1177","Analysis of the regional and global captive populations of Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)","Taylor K;","1999  ","","captive population;genetic variation;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;status;","IN FILE","1","62","","","","","","","","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Taylor_1999_Captive_populations_of_Sumatran_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1178","Felis silvestris","","1995  ","","8CH;distribution;Felis silvestris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Felis_silvestris_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1179","The role of captive breeding in the conservation of species (Guest Essay)","Flesness NR;Foose TJ;","1990  ","","breeding;captive breeding;conservation;conservation strategy;IUCN;Red List;","IN FILE","XI","XV","","","","","","1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals","","","Cambridge, U.K.","World Cosnervation Monitoring Centre, IUCN Species Survival Commission, International Council for Bird Preservation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Flesness_&_Foose_1990_Role_of_captive_breeding_in_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1180","Chats sauvages contre campagnols","","1983  ","","8CH;8FR;Felis silvestris;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1181","The wild beast is a real pussycat","Wilkes A;","1993  ","","8GB;behavior;Felis silvestris;genetic analysis;","IN FILE","68","68","","","Independent","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilkes_1993_Wild_beast_is_a_real_pussycat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1182","Is survival of European wildcats Felis silvestris in Britain threatened by interbreeding with domestic cats?","Hubbard AL;McOrist S;Jones TW;Boid R;Scott R;Easterbee N;","1992  ","","8GB;conservation;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;genetic analysis;hybridization;","IN FILE","203","208","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hubbard_et_al_1992_Survival_of_wild_cats_in_Britain.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1183","The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland","Kitchener AC;Easterbee N;","1992  ","","8GB;characteristic;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;measurement;Scotland;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","342","346","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","227","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_&_Easterbee_1992_Taxonomic_status_of_black_wild_felids_in_Scotland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1184","The decline and impending extinction of the South China tiger","Tilson R;Taylor K;Jiang QM;","1997  ","","4CN;captive population;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;population trend;status;","IN FILE","243","252","Oryx","","","","31","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis is the rarest of the five living tiger subspecies, the most critically threatened, and the closest to extinction. No wild South China tigers have been seen by officials for 25 years and one was last brought into captivity 27 years ago. There are 19 reserves listed by the Chinese Ministry of Forestry within the presumed range of the tiger, but they are spatially fragmented and most are too small to support viable tiger populations. Over the last 40 years, wild populations have declined from thousands to a scattered few. Despite its plight and occasional anecdotal reports of sightings by local people, no intensive field study has been conducted on this tiger subspecies and its habitat. The captive population of about 50 tigers, derived from six wild-caught founders, is genetically impoverished with low reproductive output. Given the size and fragmentation of potential tiger habitat, saving what remains of the captive population may be the only option left to prevent extinction of this tiger subspecies, and even this option is becoming increasingly less probable. This precarious dilemma demands that conservation priorities be re-evaluated and action taken immediately to decide if recovery of the wild population will be possible or is improbable.","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_1997_Decline_and_impending_extinction_of_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1185","First Record of the Wild Cat, Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 from Yemen Arab Republic (Carnivora: Felidae)","Al-Safadi MM;Nader IA;","1990  ","","5YE;Carnivora;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris;measurement;record;","IN FILE","621","626","Mammalia","","","","54","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The wild cat, Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777, is being reported for the first time from the Yemen Arab Republic. An abbreviated synonymy of the three subspecies of F. silvestris in Arabia is listed. A distribution map of the species in the Middle East is given.","","","","","","","","Al-Safadi_&_Nader_1990_Felis_silvestris_from_Yemen.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1186","Analysis of Felis libyca and Genetta genetta scats from the Central Namib Desert, South West Africa","Stuart CT;","1977  ","","1Afr;desert;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Genetta genetta;faeces;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","239","241","Zoologica Africana","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1977_Analysis_of_Felis_lybica_and_Genetta_genetta_scats_in_South_West_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1187","Survey of the status and distribution of the Wildcat Felis silvestris in Scotland","","1987  ","","8GB;conservation;diet;distribution;Felis silvestris;habitat;hybridisation;poaching;population trend;Scotland;status;threats;wildcat;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","Nature Conservancy Council","English","","","","","","","In order to implement appropriate policies for the conservation of a species such as the wildcat it is necessary to understand its ecological requirements and to have sufficient knowledge of its status and distribution. Between 1983 and 1987 the NCC undertook a systematic survey of the wildcat population in Scotland. No evidence of wildcats was found south of a line between Edinburgh and Glasgow. The density of wildcat populations was generally low, even in areas of suitable habitat. Approximately 30% of populations were reported to have declined in recent years, compared with only 11% reported as increasing. Persecution was found to be widespread and is considered to be a significant threat to small, isolated wildcat populations. Hybridisation with feral domestic cats is identified as a major long-term threat to the species. The purer wildcat populations are likely to be those occuring in the more remote areas of the north and west, and these populations are considered to be vulnerable to persecution and other factors. The NCC recommends that persecution of wildcats be strictly controlled.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Status_distribution_of_wildcat_in_Scotland.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1188","Flat-headed cat: Distribution map","Yasuma S;","1994  ","","4ID;distribution;Prionailurus planiceps;Kalimantan;","IN FILE","370","370","","","","","","Mammals of East Kalimantan","","","Indonesia","Japan Int. Coop. Agency and Dir. Gen. of Higher Education","English","","","","","Pusrehut Special Publication No. 3","","","","","","","","","","Yasuma_1994_Flat-headed_cat_-_map.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1189","Ecological and morphological observations of Felis paniceps","Muul I;Lim B;","1970 Nov ","","4MY;ecology;measurement;morphology;observation;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","806","808","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","51","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Muul_&_Lim_1970_Ecological_and_morphological_observations_of_Felis_planiceps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1190","Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa)","Niwas D;","1987 Jan 20 ","","4IN;Gujarat;Prionailurus rubiginosa;sighting;","IN FILE","200","200","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","84","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Niwas_1987_Sighting_of_a_Rusty-spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1191","The rusty-spotted cat, Felis rubiginosa I. Geoffroy, in Jammu and Kashmir","Chakraborty S;","1978  ","","4IN;distribution;Jammu;Kashmir;measurement;Prionailurus rubiginosa;","IN FILE","478","479","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","75","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakraborty_1978_Rusty-spotted_cat_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1192","The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr): the rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus Geoffr.)","","1933  ","Pub Date unsure","4IN;Prionailurus bengalensis;morphology;Prionailurus rubiginosa;","IN FILE","","","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","37","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1933_Leopard_cat_and_rusty-spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1193","Rusty spotted cat Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy: A new record for Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park","Pathak BJ;","1990  ","","4IN;Gir;Gir National Park;Prionailurus rubiginosa;record;sighting;wildlife;","IN FILE","8","8","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","87","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pathak_1990_Rusty-spotted_cat_record_from_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1194","Occurence of the rusty spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa) in Madhya Pradesh","Niwas D;","1995  ","","4IN;Madhya Pradesh;Prionailurus rubiginosa;sighting;","IN FILE","407","408","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","92","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Niwas_1995_Occurence_of_the_Rusty_spotted_cat_in_Madhya_Pradesh.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1195","The lion reintroduction programme Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary Madhya Pradesh","Sharma A;Kabra A;","1999  ","","4IN;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera leo;reintroduction;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","64","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","WWF-India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_&_Kabra_1999_Lion_reintroduction_programme.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1196","Rusty spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy) sighted near Udaipur","Tehsin R;","1994  ","","4IN;Prionailurus rubiginosa;sighting;Udaipur;","IN FILE","136","136","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","91","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tehsin_1994_Rusty_spotted_cat_sighted_near_Udaipur.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1197","Chromosome identification of the rusty-spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa): One more down and four to go","Centerwall WR;Wurster-Hill DH;Maruska EJ;Kramer LW;","1983  ","","chromosome analysis;evolution;genetics;Prionailurus rubiginosa;","IN FILE","856","858","American Journal of Veterinary Research","","","","44","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","The chromosomes of the rusty-spotted cat, Felis rubiginosa, of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) were analyzed. Although the 38-chromosome complement of F rubiginosa closely resembles that of several other species, it seems to be unique with only minor variations in the D and F chromosomes. This reduces, from 5 to 4, the number of the 37 recognized world feline species not yet cytogenetically studied. Despite great differences in size and distribution, the feline species of the world are one of the most homogenous families of mammals, with only subtle chromosomal differences separating most species. By comparative cytogenetic analyses, it is becoming possible to map the probable evolutionary pathway of the world's cats.","","","","","","","","Centerwall_et_al_1983_Chromosome_identification_of_the_rusty-spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1198","Cougars","","2001  ","","3NAm;conservation;population history;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Reston","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nwf_2001_Cougars.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1199","Seasonal food habits of bobcats (Lynx rufus) in subtropical Baja California Sur, Mexico","Delibes M;Blázquez MC;Rodriguez-Estrella R;Zapata SC;","1997  ","","2MX;Lynx rufus;California;diet;feeding behavior;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","478","483","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","74","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Delibes_et_al_1997_Seasonal_food_habits_of_bobcats_in_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1200","Distribucion del jaguar Panthera onca en las provincias de Jujuy y Salta, noroeste de Argentina","Perovic PG;Herrán M;","1998  ","","2AR;distribution;Jujuy;Panthera onca;Salta;","IN FILE","47","52","Mastozoologia Neotropical","","","","5","","","1","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Perovic_&_Herran_1998_Distribution_del_jaguar_en_las_provincias_de_Jujuy_y_Salta.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1201","Saving the tiger: Assessing our success - Proceedings of a three day workshop","","2001  ","","capacity building;conservation;ecotourism;Panthera tigris;poaching;prey availability;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","83","","","","","","","Ginsberg JR;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1202","Lion survey/ Resensement des lions","","2001  ","","1Afr;Panthera leo;questionnaire;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","The African Lion Working Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Lion_survey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1203","Snow leopards, local people and livestock losses","Jackson R;","1999  ","","4IN;Himalaya;human-predator conflict;livestock damage;survey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","22","23","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","31","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1999_Snow_leopards_local_people_and_livestock_losses.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1204","A regional perspective for snow leopard conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya","Bhatnagar YV;Mathur VB;McCarthy JJ;","2002  ","","4IN;conservation;Himalaya;human-predator conflict;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Trans-Himalaya is a vast biogeographic region in the cold and arid rain-shadow of the Greater Himalaya and is spread over three Indian states. From the conservation standpoint this region has several unique characteristics. Unlike most other biogeographic regions of the country, it has wildlife, including large mammals, spread over the entire region. Another feature is that the harsh climate and topography provides limited agricultural land and pastures, all of which are currently utilized by people. The harsh environment has given rise to a specialized assemblage of flora and fauna in the region that include the endangered snow leopard, a variety of wild sheep and goat, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle, kiang and wild yak. The snow leopard is one of the most charismatic species of the Trans-Himalaya. This apex predator, with a wide distribution, has ecological importance and international appeal, and is eminently suitable to be used as both a 'flagship' and an 'umbrella species' to anchor and guide conservation efforts in the Trans-Himalayan region. Among the 10 Biogeographic Zones in the country, the Trans-Himalaya has a comparatively large Protected Area (PA) coverage, with over 15,000 km2 (8.2 %) of the geographical area under the network. In spite of this, the bulk of the large mammal populations still exist outside the PAs, which include highly endangered species such as snow leopard, chiru, wild yak, Ladakh urial, kiang and brown bear. Given the sparse resource availability in the Trans-Himalaya and the existing human use patterns, there are few alternatives that can be provided to resource dependent human communities in and around PAs. The existing PAs themselves pose formidable conservation challenges and a further increase in their extent is impractical. The problem is further compounded by the fact that some of the large PAs have unclear boundaries and include vast stretches that do not have any direct wildlife values. These issues call for an alternative strategy for conservation of the Trans-Himalayan tracts based on a regional perspective, which includes reconciling conservation with development. In this paper we stress that conservation issues of this region, such as competition for forage between wild and domestic herbivores and human-wildlife conflicts need to be addressed in a participatory manner. We suggest an alternative scheme to look at the zonation of existing PAs and also the Trans-Himalayan region as a whole, to facilitate better conservation in the region. Also, we emphasize that there is a vital need for additional resources and a formal setup for regional planning and management under a centrally sponsored scheme such as the 'Project Snow Leopard'.","","","","","","","","Bhatnagar_et_al_2002_Perspective_for_snow_leopard_conservation_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1205","Harvest in Arizona averages 66 fatalistic bobcats daily","Ring RH;","1983 Jan 10 ","","3US;Arizona;Lynx rufus;harvest;trade;","IN FILE","","","Arizona Daily Star","","","","","","","","Tucson, Arizona","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ring_1983_Harvest_in_Arizona_averages_66_fatalistic_bobcats_daily.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1206","Influences of seasons on bobcats in Idaho","Koehler GM;Hornocker MG;","1989  ","","3US;Lynx rufus;diet;habitat;Idaho;movement pattern;prey;seasonality;","IN FILE","197","202","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","53","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koehler_&_Hornocker_1989_Influences_of_seasons_on_bobcats_in_Idaho.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1209","Some insights into snow leopard (Uncia uncia) demography by using stagestructured population models","Chapron G;Legendre S;","2002  ","","population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;stochasticity;Uncia uncia;snow;snow leopard;leopard;demography;model;population;cat;population growth;growth;survival;mortality;poaching;threat;stress;longterm;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics.","","","","","","","","Chapron_&_Legendre_2002_Modelling_snow_leopard_population_dynamics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1210","The cougar in Michigan: Sightings and related information","Rusz PJ;","2001  ","Picture-file see ID 1276","3US;cougar;distribution;genetics;habitat;Michigan;mountain lion;puma;Puma concolor;sighting;taxonomy;track;","IN FILE","1","64","","","","","","","","","","Bengel Wildlife Center","English","","","","","Technical Publications","","","","","","","","","","Rusz_2001_The_cougar_in_Michigan.pdfRusz_2001_The_cougar_in_Michigan_-_Pictures.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1211","Modeling Florida panther movements to predict conservation strategies in North Florida","Cramer PC;","1999  ","","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;ecology;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","220","","","","","","","","","","University of Florida","English","","","","","","","The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) is one of the most endangered mammals in North America. Reintroducing the panther to portions of its former range has been deemed critical to the species' future existence. The north Florida-south Georgia region is a prime candidate site for such reintroductions. Modeling the movements of Florida panthers is used as a tool to identify specific regional landscape features and conservation strategies that would be most critical to panthers, other species, and the ecosystems upon which they depend. The spatially explicit model PANTHER was created based on results from a state sponsored reintroduction feasibility study and ongoing studies of south Florida panthers. It mimics panther behavior and movement over Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps representing natural communities, roads, deer densities, human densities, and human attitudes. Potential future effects of human development were also modeled, based on data derived from county and regional comprehensive plans, population projections, and development patterns. The model was validated by comparing output estimates with those from previous Florida panther studies. The model identified high probability use locations within the 7,000 square kilometer study area. The majority of these locations are also places of high development pressure, especially along the Suwannee River. Model output indicates panthers used private property approximately 67 percent of all moves. Model outputs were compared with data from a public education program conducted earlier in the research process. Over 70 percent of panther moves were in Hamilton and north Columbia Counties, areas of lowest public support for panther reintroductions. Landscape connections for panthers and specific areas of high panther use along Interstates I-75 and I-10 were also identified. These and other model results support conservation approaches that include a continued commitment to regional and county planning in environmentally sensitive areas, possible public purchase of environmentally sensitive lands, and financial incentives to owners of private properties deemed critical to panthers. Model results support targeting landowners and residents of Hamilton and Columbia counties for future education programs and inclusion in conservation processes.","","","","","","","","Cramer_1999_Florida_panther_movements_to_predict_conservation_strategies.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1212","Diets of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), margays (L. wiedii), and oncillas (L. tigrinus) in the Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil","Wang E;","2002  ","","2BR;diet;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;margay;ocelot;oncilla;prey;rainforest;","IN FILE","207","212","Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment","","","","37","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Felids play an important role in structuring the prey community, and thus in the dynamics of the plant community in tropical forests. The diets of three species of small cats, Leopardus pardalis (ocelot), L. wiedi (margay), and L. tigrinus (oncilla) were investigated by analysis of scats and regurgitations during a one-year study at Parque Estudal Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virginia, southeastern Brazil. Small non-volant mammals were the most frequent prey in all the diets. The diets of the three cats were similar but although they consumed the same prey items, they showed differential use of them. Ocelots consumed more reptiles than other species, oncillas preyed on birds and arboreal marsupials, whereas margays were generalists.","","","","","","","","Wang_2002_Diets_of_ocelot_margay_and_oncilla_in_southeast_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1213","Manual sobre problemas de depredacion causados por jaguares y pumas en Hatos Ganaderos","Hoogesteijn R;","","Spanish. English verion: RefID 17","2SAm;cattle;conservation;livestock damage;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","39","","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_-_Manual_sobre_problemas_de_depredacion_causados_por_jaguares_y_pumas_en_Hatos_Ganaderos.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1214","Asiatic lion, Panthera leo persica","","2000  ","","4IN;behavior;characteristic;habitat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","The Asiatic Lion Information Centre","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1215","Far from a cure: The tiger trade revisited","Nowell K;","2000  ","","45Asia;4CN;CITES;Panthera tigris;smuggling;trade;trade control;","IN FILE","1","100","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_2000_Tiger_trade_revisited.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1216","The mountain lion in Oklahoma and surrounding states","Pike JR;Shaw JH;Leslie DM jr;","1997  ","","3US;distribution;Puma concolor;sighting;sign;","IN FILE","39","42","","Proc Okla Acad Sci ","","","77","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We investigated the historic distribution of the mountain lion in Oklahoma and surrounding areas on the basis of previous publications. Historically, the mountain lion occurred throughout Oklahoma, but was most abundant in the western and southwestern regions of the state. Mountain lion population trends in Oklahoma and surrounding areas indicate that mountain lions may be attempting to reinhabit Oklahoma.","","","","","","","","Pike_et_al_1997_The_mountain_lion_in_Oklahoma.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1217","Anchored reference loci for comparative genome mapping in mammals","O'Brien SJ;Womack JE;Lyons LA;Moore KJ;Jenkins NA;Copeland NG;","1993  ","","comparative method;gene map;genetics;Mammalia;","IN FILE","103","112","Nature genetics","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1993_Comparative_gene_mapping_in_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1218","The vanishing jaguar lord of the Mexican jungles","Ceballos G;","2000  ","","2MX;Calakmul;conservation;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","1","5","Voices of Mexico","","","","50","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ceballos_2000_The_jaguar_in_the_Mexican_jungle.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1219","The lion's share of the hunt","Hofer D;","2002  ","","78Eur;CITES;conservation;Panthera leo;tourism;traffic;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","1","71","","","","","","","","","","TRAFFIC","English","","","","","","","In recent years there have been increasing attempts to integrate trophy hunting into conservation programmes and projects as a conservation tool, as a means to achieve the sustainable use of wildlife. As this view is subject to much debate, in 1998 TRAFFIC Europe initiated a review of the Eurasian mammal trophy hunting market, to gain a better understanding of demand, products and supply. For the purpose of this study, the term trophy hunting is used in place of the terms 'foreign hunting' and 'tourist hunting', and is defined as 'hunting activities for one or more specimens of a certain species by a foreign hunter, who is willing to pay a fee for the special hunting experience and/or the trophy attained'. This report aims to provide a basic overview of the Eurasian tourist hunting market. It describes the European demand for foreign hunting, as well as the available facts and figures about the status and relevance of foreign hunting in Eurasian supply countries. This information is complemented by a review of the international trade in trophies of mammal species listed in the Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Within the Eurasian market overview, there has been a focus on German hunters. The scope of the study extends to 18 countries in Europe regarded primarily as demand countries, and 38 countries in Eurasia regarded as supply, or destination, countries.","","","","","","","","Hofer_2002_The_lions_share_of_the_hunt.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1220","Cougars in Pennsylvanya??","Back P;","2001  ","","3US;Pennsylvania;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","1","The Sylvanian","","","","","","","Winter 2001","","","English","","","","","","","Recently, there have been several stories of cougar sightings in Pennsylvania. The return of the cougar to Pennsylvania would be great news indeed! It is difficult to spot a cougar even under the best conditions, so here 's a little background on the cougar and some tips on what to do if you think there is one in your area. In the West the recovery and reintroduction of predators such as wolves and grizzlies is progressing. Here in the East an effort is commencing to recover the eastern cougar. It has two initial objectives: to document cougars and to restore suitable habitat for them.","","","","","","","","Back_2001_Cougars_in_Pennsylvanya.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1221","Current panther distribution, population trends and habitat use - Report of field work: Fall 2000 - Winter 2001","McBride R;","2001  ","","3US;distribution;Florida;habitat use;population size;population trend;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;report;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McBride_2001_Panther_distribution_population_trends_and_habitat_use.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1222","But his stripes remain - On the symbolism of the tiger in the oral traditions of Kerinci, Sumatra","Bakels J;","1994  ","","4ID;culture;Kerinci;Panthera tigris;religion;Sumatra;","IN FILE","33","52","","","","","","Text and Tales. Studies in oral tradition","Oosten J;","","Leiden","Research School CNWS","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bakels_1994_But_his_stripes_remain.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1223","Snow leopard","Jackson R;","1978  ","","4NP;endangered species;Himalaya;poaching;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","403","404","Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1978_Snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1224","Nature and human nature: conservation, values and snow leopard - Prepared for Snow leopard survival strategy workshop","Hussain S;","2002  ","","conservation;public attitude;religion;snow leopard;survival;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","Seattle","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hussain_2002_Conservation_values_and_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1225","From princely symbol to conservation icon: A political history of the lion in India","Rangarajan M;","","","4IN;conservation;history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rangarajan_-_Political_history_of_the_lion_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1226","Mountain lions in Texas","","1998  ","","3US;distribution;Puma concolor;Texas;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Texas Parks & Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","PWD_1998_Mountain_lions_in_Texas.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1227","Yihuang China - The roar of South China tiger -Trip report: South China tiger field methods workshop, provincial tiger status updates, and field activities","Tilson R;Nyhus P;Muntifering J;","2001  ","","4CN;field method;method;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;report;status;Yihuang;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","Longyan","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_2001_Yihuang_China_the_roar_of_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1228","Florida panther reintroduction feasibility study","Belden RC;McCown JW;","1996  ","","3US;feasibility study;Florida;habitat;home range;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;reintroduction;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","72","","","","","7505","","","","","Bureau of Wildlife Research Division of Wildlife Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission","English","","","","","","","Nineteen mountain lions (Felis concolor stanleyana) were released into northern Florida as surrogates for evaluating the feasibility of reintroducing Florida panthers (F. c. coryi) into unoccupied areas of their historic range. These included 11 females and 8 vasectomized males. Six of the released mountain lions were born and raised in captivity at Gillman Paper Company's White Oak Plantation near Yulee, Florida. 10 were captured in the wild in western Texas and translocated to Florida, and 3 were captured in the wild in western Texas and held in captivity in Florida 2 - 8 years prior to release. Animals were monitored using radio-telemetry at least 3 days/week from 22 February 1993 to 30 June 1995. Fifteen lions established one or more home ranges. Nine (60 %) home ranges overlapped one or more other home ranges. This population was made up of predominately captive-born and wild-caught/captive-held animals in an area that varied in size from 127 to 418 km2 (1.5 to 3.1 lions/100 km2. Mountain lions that established home ranges outside of this population had a higher excursion rate than did animals within it. Excursions were more frequent during the breeding season than during the rest of the year. Captive-raised animals tended to establish home ranges more quickly and were more likely to be in association with other animals than were wild-caught animals. However, captive-raised animals, particularly males, were more likely to be seen and caused most of the human/lion interactions that created negative attitudes toward the program. The mean distance from the release site to the home range center and the mean home range size were significantly greater for wild-caught males. Reestablishment of additional Florida panther population is biologically feasible. It would require incorporating the advantages and planning around the disadvantages of both captive-raised and wild-caught translocated animals. However, complex social issues were identified that must be satisfactorily addressed, and it must be decided whether the tremendous costs involved (economic, political, social etc.) in the reestablishment of additional Florida panther populations can be offset by the benefits gained in reducing the risk to the present Florida panther population.","","","","","","","","Belden_&_McCown_1996_Florida_panther_reintroduction_feasibility_study.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1229","Tiger - Beautiful. Mysterious. Sensitive. Powerful. Model for success - The Save the Tiger Fund 1995-2001","Tilt W;Frish Walmer T;","2001  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;community involvement;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","","","","","","National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilt_&_Frish_Walmer_2001_The_Save_The_Tiger_Fund.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1230","Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen des globalen Positionierungssystems - Ein Methodenvergleich der GPS- und VHF-Telemetrie im Gebirgswald","Struch M;Angst C;Eyholzer R;","2001  ","","8CH;Alps;evaluation;field method;forest;Global Positioning System;method;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","","","","","Bern","WildARK, KORA","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Struch_et_al_2001_Moeglichkeiten_und_Grenzen_des_globalen_Positionierungssystems.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1231","La Bête du Val FerretRapport relatant les événements survenues dans les Vals Ferrets et d'Entremont (VS) entre octobre 1994 et mai 1996","Landry J;","1997 Dec ","","8CH;Canis lupus;Valais;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","1","","Strahm D;","","Muri BE","KORA","French","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Landry_1997_La_bete_du_Val_Ferret.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1232","The use of guard dogs in the Swiss Alps: A first analysis","Landry J;","1999 Aug ","","8CH;Alps;guard dog;prevention;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","2","","Olsson P;Siegenthaler A;","","Muri BE","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Landry_1999_Use_of_guard_dogs_in_the_Swiss_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1233","Dispersion et survie des lynx (Lynx lynx) subadultes d'une population réintroduite dans a chaîne du Jura","Zimmermann F;","1998 Mar ","","8CH;dispersal;Jura;Lynx lynx;subadult;","IN FILE","1","50","","","","","4","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","French","","","","","KORA Bericht","","From 1988 to 1997 a study of the dispersal and survival of subadult lynx using radiotelemetry was undertaken in a re-introduced population in the Swiss Jura Moutains. Emphasis was put on analysing the habitat and the spatio-temporal behavior of the subadults. We hypothesized that the subadult lynx are in competition for the best habitat with the residents. In an established and saturated population, the subadult lynx are forced into suboptimal habitat because the resident animals occupy the best habitat. We developed a model allowing us to predict whether a habitat type is favorable for the lynx or not, using a geographic information system (GIS). This model has been used to classify the locations of the residents and the subadults. We made the following predictions: during the different stages of the dispersal, the subadults stay significantly less than the residents within the range defined as optimal on the basis of the locations of the residents. Each subadult that has survived the first year of independence established a temporary of definitive home range in an optimal habitat. The two individuals that have stayed in a suboptimal habitat did not survive the first year of independence. One individual that stayed in an optimal habitat has been poached. No ungulates have been found in the diet of the subadults that died of natural causes and stayed in suboptimal habitat. It must be stressed that so far, no subadult has survived the first year of independence by moving constantly through the home ranges of the residents. This observation and the fact that subadult lynx tried to establish immediately a home range shows how important it is for a lynx to stay in a place it knows well and can use it exclusively. An early study by Breitenmoser and Baettig (1992) as well as anecdotal field observations based upon residents and subadults additionally confirmed the predictions derived from the model. This model can be used with confidence to develop a management plan, and offers interesting future prospects for the simulation of the dynamic of the lynx population in space and time.","","","","","","","","Zimmermann_1998_Dispersion_des_lynx_subadultes_d_une_population_reintroduite_dans_le_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1234","Survey on the status of the wildcat in Scotland, 1983 -1987","Easterbee N;Hepburn LV;Jefferies DJ;","1991  ","","8GB;distribution;Felis silvestris;population size;Scotland;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","52","","","","","","","","","Edinburgh","Nature Conservancy Council for Scotland","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Easterbee_et_al_1991_Survey_on_the_status_of_the_wildcat_in_Scotland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1235","The occurrence of the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps in south-east Sumatra","Bezuijen MR;","2000  ","","4ID;conservation;Prionailurus planiceps;floodplains;sighting;Sumatra;swamp forest;","IN FILE","222","226","Oryx","","","","34","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Three incidental sightings of the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps, a little-known species, were made in south-east Sumatra. Sightings were on lowland floodplains in two distinct habitats, primary peat swamp forest and secondary lowland forest, the latter suggesting some tolerance to modified habitats. Sightings were along or near waterways. A dead adult male found in Berbak National Park is the first confirmed record for the park. Morphometrics of this individual were consistent with other published measurements for the species. Museum specimens indicate a wide historic distribution in south-east Sumatra. Recent information confirms the species's presence in protected areas of eastern, southern and western Sumatra, although this is mostly limited to presence/absence data, and the conservation status and habitat requirements of the species in south-east Sumatra are unknown. Regional degradation of riparian habitats and the isolation of protected areas warrant concern for the conservation status of the species.","","","","","","","","Bezuijen_2000_Flat-headed_cat_in_south-east_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1236","First photograph of rare flat-headed cat reported from Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra","Soemarsono I;","1996 May 30 ","","4ID;distribution;photograph;Prionailurus planiceps;sighting;Sumatra;Way Kambas National Park;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Soemarsono_1996_First_photograph_of_flat-headed_cat_in_Sumatra.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1237","Un chat particulièrement coopératif","Artois M;Stahl P;","1982  ","French","8FR;activity;capture;ecology;Felis silvestris;home range;","IN FILE","31","32","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","","","","61","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Artois_&_Stahl_1982_Un_chat_particulierement_cooperatif.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1238","Radio-pistage du renard et du chat forestier en lorraine","Artois M;","1980  ","French","8FR;Felis silvestris;Lorraine;telemetry;","IN FILE","18","18","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","","","","30","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Artois_1980_Radio-pistage_du_renard_et_du_chat_forestier_en_lorraine.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1239","Nature conservancy council - 16th report (covering the period 1. April 1989 - 31.March 1990) Mammals - Wildcat","","1990  ","Extract","8GB;distribution;Felis silvestris;history;","IN FILE","43","44","","","","","16","","","","Great Britain","Nature Conservancy Council","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Wildcat_in_Great_Britain.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1240","Nature conservancy council -14th report (covering the period 1. April 1987 - 31.March 1988) Mammals - Wildcat","","1988  ","Extract","8GB;distribution;Felis silvestris;history;","IN FILE","38","38","","","","","14","","","","Great Britain","Nature Conservancy Council","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Wildcat_in_Great_Britain.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1241","Preliminary study on home ranges of coexisting wild and feral domestic cat populations in Hungary","Szemethy L;Barcza Z;Lucas M;Szerenyi V;","","","7HU;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;home range;hybridization;population;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Szementhy_et_al_-_Home_ranges_of_coexisting_wild_and_feral_domestic_cats_in_Hungary.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1242","Uebergriffe von Luchsen auf Kleinvieh und Gehegetiere in der Schweiz Teil 1: Entwicklung und Verteilung der Schaeden","Angst C;Olsson P;Breitenmoser U;","2000 Nov ","","8CH;distribution;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","58","","","","","5","","Angst C;Hagen S;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","The project Lynx and Sheep in the North-western Alps was initiated so as to avoid shooting an non-damaging resident lynx and thereby causing a counterproductive effect. The project's three main tasks were:- Analysis of the temporal and geographical distribution of the damages to domestic animals in relation to the appearance of lynx.- Establishment of criteria to identify „specialist' lynx, with a view to regulating the granting of shooting permits.- Development and testing of measures to protect sheep flocks from attacks.This report details the temporal and geographical distribution of attacks by lynx on livestock.","","","","","","","","Angst_et_al_2000_Uebergriffe_von_Luchsen_auf_Kleinvieh_und_Gehegetiere_in_der_Schweiz.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1243","Il gatto selvatico","Ragni B;Seminara S;","1987 Jan ","","8IT;behavior;distribution;Felis silvestris;morphology;Sicilia;taxonomy;","IN FILE","3","16","","","","","","Il Gatto Selvatico Conoscenza e conservatione di una specieNote sulla lince e sul lupo","","1","Palermo","Stampatori Tipolitografi Associati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_&_Seminara_1987_Il_gatto_selvatico.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1244","La Lince","Ragni B;Seminara S;","1987 Jan ","","8IT;distribution;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Sicilia;","IN FILE","17","21","","","","","","Il Gatto Selvatico Conoscenza e conservatione di una specieNote sulla lince e sul lupo","","2","Palermo","Stampatori Tipolitografi Associati","Italian","","","","","","","There are 2 lynx subspecies in Europe, namely the Lynx lynx lynx and the Lynx lynx pardina. The author first describes their distribution in Europe and then focuses to its past and present distribution in Italy. He thinks that the extinct Mediterranean lynx populations probably resembled to the today's Iberian lynx populations.","","","","","","","","Ragni_&_Seminara_1987_La_lince.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1245","Il lupo","Ragni B;Seminara S;","1987 Jan ","","8IT;Canis lupus;distribution;Sicilia;","IN FILE","22","24","","","","","","Il Gatto Selvatico Conoscenza e conservatione di una specieNote sulla lince e sul lupo","","3","Palermo","Stampatori Tipolitografi Associati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_&_Seminara_1987_Il_lupo.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1246","Una scoperta in un Museo scolatico: Segnalazione di un esemplare di lince tassidermizzata","Ragni B;","1981 Mar ","","8IT;Lynx lynx;taxonomy;","IN FILE","105","106","Natura e Montagna","","","","","","","1","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_1981_Segnalazione_di_un_esemplare_di_lince_tassidermizzata.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1247","Un importante ritorno: Riuscirà la lince a ricolonizzare il territorio italiano?","Ragni B;","1983 Jun ","","8IT;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;surplus killing;","IN FILE","41","43","Natura e Montagna","","","","","","","2","","","Italian","","","","","","","The lynx spontaneously reappeared in the eastern Alps of Italy in 1981. The author here points out the importance of certain aspects like legislation, public information and scientific observation that facilitate the natural recolonization of lynxes in Italy.","","","","","","","","Ragni_1983_Riuscira_la_lince_a_ricolonizzare_il_territorio_italiano.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1248","Osservationi sul gatto selvatico (Felis s. silvestris Schreber) in Cattivita'","Ragni D;","1977 Jun 15 ","English abstract","8IT;behavior;captive experiments;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;","IN FILE","65","82","","Natura - Soc ital Sci nat ,Museo civ Stor nat e Acquario civ Milano","","","68","","","1-2","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_1977_Osservationi_sul_gatto_selvatico_in_Cattivita.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1249","Osservazioni sui mantelli di ibridi tra Felis s. silvestris e gatto domestico","Ragni B;Armentano L;","1982  ","Abstracts from Atti del XLIX Convegno dell'Unione Zoologica Italiana","Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;genetics;hybridization;","IN FILE","154","154","Bollettino de Zoologia - Salamandrina terdigitata","","","","49","","","Supp. 1982","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1982 Oct 5 ","","","","","Ragni_&_Armentano_1982_Osservazioni_sui_mantelli_di_ibridi_tra_Felis_s_silvestris_e_gatto_domestico.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1250","Definizione di modellli morfologici di Felis","Ragni B;","1984  ","Abstracts from L Convegno dell'Unione zoologica Italiana, Journées de Zoologie, S.Z.F.Padova","conservation;Felis sp.;morphology;","IN FILE","91","91","Bollettino de Zoologia - Salamandrina terdigitata","","","","51","","","Supp. 1984","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1984 Jun 26 ","","","","","Ragni_1984_Definizione_di_modellli_morfologici_di_Felis.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1251","Possibilità i reintroduzione della Lince in Italia","Ragni B;","1981  ","Abstracts from Atti del XLVIII Convegno dell' Unione Zoologica Italinana e del 7§ Convegno della S.I.E.Firenze","8IT;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","92","92","Bollettino de Zoologia - Salamandrina terdigitata","","","","48","","","Supp. 1981","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1981 Mar 3 ","","","","","Ragni_1981_Possibilita_i_reintroduzione_della_lince_in_Italia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1252","Proposta di revisione sistematica dei gatti italiani","Ragni B;Mariani L;","1981  ","ItalienAbstracts from Atti del XLVIII Convegno dell' Unione Zoologica Italinana e del 7§ Convegno della S.I.E.Firenze","8IT;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;Felis silvestris silvestris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","92","92","Bollettino de Zoologia - Salamandrina terdigitata","","",""," 48","","","Supp. 1981","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1981 Mar 3 ","","","","","Ragni_&_Mariani_1981_Proposta_di_revisione_sistematica_dei_gatti_italiani.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1253","Primi dati sul gatto selvatico Felis silvestris silvestris Schreber, 1777 e sulla lince lynx lynx (L., 1758) nelle Alpi Sud Orientali Italiane e relativo avanterraSocietà Italiana di BiogeografiaXXVI Congresso","Ragni B;Lapini L;Perco F;","1986  ","from: Biogeografia delle Alpi Sud-Orientali - Riassunti delle relazioni e delle comunicazioni","8IT;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","60","61","","","","","","","","","","","Italian","","","","","","","Analysing data on wild cat (distribution, morphometry, morphology and habitat choice), the authors state that this species selects a more diverse habitat than presumed in literature. They also try to find out from where and in which directions the lynx recolonizes the northeastern Italian Alps.","","","1986 May 28 ","","","","","Ragni_et_al_1986_Primi_dati_sul_gatto_selvatico_e_sulla_lince_nelle_Alpi.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1254","Ruolo adattitivo die forme e funzioni degli 'Apparati Ucisori' di mammiferi e uc celli predatori","Magrini M;Ragni B;","1982  ","ItalianAssociazione A. Ghigi Per la Biologia dei Vertebrati2° Convegno nazionale","8IT;Canidae;claw;Felis sp.;Lynx lynx;morphology;Pantherinae;predator;teeth;","IN FILE","6","6","","","","","","","","","Camerino","Associazione A. Ghigi Per la Biologia dei Vertebrati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1982 Sep 12 ","","","","","Magrini_&_Ragni_1982_Ruolo_adattitivo_die_forme_e_funzione_degli_apparati_ucisori.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1255","Possibile nicchia ecologica della lince in ecosistemi Italiani","Ragni B;Armentano L;","1982  ","ItalianAssociazione A. Ghigi Per la Biologia dei Vertebrati2° Convegno nazionale","8IT;ecology;Lynx lynx;niche;predator;reintroduction;","IN FILE","9","9","","","","","","","","","Camerino","Associazione A. Ghigi Per la Biologia dei Vertebrati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1982 Sep 12 ","","","","","Ragni_&_Armentano_1982_Possibile_nicchia_ecologica_della_lince_in_ecosistemi_Italiani.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1256","Il ritorno della lince nel territorio Italiano","Ragni B;","1983  ","Abstract from Sviluppi di oggi della storia naturale dei vertebrati - Terzo convegno dell'Associazione","8IT;Lynx lynx;recolonization;reintroduction;","IN FILE","11","11","","","","","","","","","Lombardia","Associazione 'Allesandro Ghigi' per la Biologia dei Vertebrati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1983 Oct 2 ","","","","","Ragni_1983_Il_ritorno_della_lince_nel_territorio_Italiano.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1257","Definizione di modelli morfologice di popolazioni di Felis","Ragni B;","1983  ","ItalianAbstract from Sviluppi di oggi della storia naturale dei vertebrati - Terzo convegno dell'Associazione","8IT;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;morphology;","IN FILE","13","13","","","","","","","","","Lombardia","Associazione 'Allesandro Ghigi' per la Biologia dei Vertebrati","Italian","","","","","","","","","","1983 Oct 2 ","","","","","Ragni_1984_Definizione_di_modellli_morfologici_di_Felis.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1258","Esigenze ecologiche del gatto selvatico e dell'aquila reale in caso di reintroduzione","Ragni B;","1976  ","Proceedings of the Seminar 'Reintroductions: techniques and ethics'Roma, 29.-30. Giugno 1976","8IT;Aquila chrysaetos;behavior;ecological requirement;Felis silvestris;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","183","194","","","","","2","","","","","WWF","Italian","","","","","Seria Atti e Studi N° 2","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_1976_Esigenze_ecologiche_del_gatto_selvatico_e_dell_aquila_reale_in_caso_dir_reintroduzione.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1259","Gatto selvatico Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777","Ragni B;","1981  ","","8IT;biology;distribution;Felis silvestris;habitat;","IN FILE","105","113","","","","","","Distribuzione e biologia di 22 specie di mammiferi in Italia","","","Roma","Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_1981_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1260","Contribution à l'étude écoéthologique du renard roux (Vulpes vulpes L.) et du cha forestier (Felis silvestris, Schr.) en Lorraine.","Stahl P;","1982 Sep ","French","8FR;capture;diet;ecology;Felis silvestris;habitat;Lorraine;seasonality;social system;spatial use;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","Université de Nancy","French","","","","","","","","","","","D E A de neurosciences","","","","Stahl_1982_Contribution_a_l_etude_ecoethologique_du_renard_roux_et_du_chat_forestier_en_Lorraine.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1261","Die Wildkatze - Deutscher Jagdschutz-Verband e.V. NiederwildausschussMerkblatt 16","Hemmer H;","1988  ","","8DE;behavior;characteristic;copyright;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;habitat;hunting (by human);hybridization;predation;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Mainz","Verlag Dieter Hoffmann","German","","","","","","","","","","","16","","","","Hemmer_1988_Die_Wildkatze.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1262","Multivariante analysis of craniometric characters in European wild cat, Domestic cat, and African wild cat (Genus Felis)","Ragni B;Randi E;","1986  ","","8IT;craniometry;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris lybica;Felis silvestris silvestris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","243","251","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","51","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_&_Randi_1986_Craniometrics_of_Europen_and_African_wildcat_and_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1263","The Wild Cat (Felis silvestris Schr.) and the Feral Domestic Cat: Problems of the Morphology, Taxonomy, identification of the hybrids and purity of the wild population","Spassov N;Simeonovski V;Spiridonov G;","1997  ","","characteristic;craniometry;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;hybridization;morphology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","101","120","Historia naturalis bulgarica","Hist nat bulg ","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spassov_et_al_1997_Wild_cat_and_domestic_cat_characterization.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1264","Il gatto selvatico nella regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia","Lapini L;","1989  ","","8IT;distribution;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;habitat;status;","IN FILE","64","67","Fauna","","","","1","","","","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lapini_1989_European_wildcat_in_NE_Italy.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1265","Situazione attuale del gatto selvatico Felis silvestris silvestris e della lince Lynx lynx nell'area delle Alpi sud-orientali","Ragni B;Lapini L;Perco F;","1987  ","","8IT;distribution;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;habitat;Lynx lynx;status;","IN FILE","867","901","Biogeographia","","","","131","","","","","","Italian, English summary","","","","","","","The authors examine the present situation of European wild cat and lynx in northeastern Italy. After the examination of 56 records for wild cats and 38 for lynx, they conclude that wild cats lives a very good population situation in this area, while for lynx a critical examination of records and sightings suggest that in NE Italy the only stabilized population lives in the southern Dolomites. The lynx is also present in Friuli-Venezia Giulia but only occasionally. The authors give also ecological, morphometrical and ornamentational considerations on wild cats and compare the NE Italy situation with that of the rest of Italy.","","","","","","","","Ragni_et_al_1987_Situazione_del_gatto_selvatico_e_della_lince_nell_area_delle_Alpi_sudorientali.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1266","Notes on the anatomy of the head of a wildcat","Sharma DN;Bhardwaj RL;Singh I;","1991 Nov ","","anatomy;craniometry;Felis silvestris;morphology;","IN FILE","29","29","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_et_al_1991_Anatomy_of_the_head_of_a_wildcat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1267","A Note on the anatomy of the diaphragm of a wild cat (Felis chaus) with special reference to its nerve supply","Bhardwaj RL;Sharma DN;","1991 Nov ","","anatomy;Felis chaus;morphology;veterinary;","IN FILE","30","30","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhardwaj_&_Sharma_1991_Anatomy_of_the_diaphragm_of_Felis_chaus.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1268","Zustand der Luchspopulation im westlichen Berner Oberland im Winter 2000 - Fotofallen-Einsatz Nov./Dez. 2000","Laass J;","2001 Feb ","","8CH;Bern;camera trap;field method;Lynx lynx;method;translocation;lynx;status;population;Alps;adult;subadult;winter;population estimate;area;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","6","","Hagen S;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","As preparations for the translocation of lynx to the northeastern part of Switzerland progressed, the question about the present status of the source population in the northwestern Swiss Alps arose. To get information about this the author decided to use 31 camera-traps deployed in the Bernese Oberland. There was a total of ten adult or subadult animals that could be documented in winter 2000/2001. A population estimate resulted on an estimate of 18 lynx in the area.","","","","","","","","Laass_2001_Zustand_der_Luchspopualtion_im_westlichen_Berner_Oberland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1269","Observations on the ecology and behaviour of the wild cat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) in Italy","Ragni B;","1973  ","","8IT;behavior;diet;ecology;faecal analysis;feeding behavior;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris silvestris;habitat;hybridization;observation;","IN FILE","270","274","Carnivore Genetics Newsletter","","","","3","","","7","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ragni_1973_Ecology_and_behaviour_of_the_wild_cat_in_Italy.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1270","Todesursachen und Krankheiten beim Luchs - eine Uebersicht","Ryser-Degiorgis M;","2001 Oct ","","disease;Lynx lynx;mortality;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","8","","Hagen S;Siegenthaler A;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","The most common causes of death of free-ranging lynx are traffic accidents (cars, trains), poaching, hunting and legal shooting of animals causing too many damages to livestock. Although diseases seem to be rare, their significance as possible cause of death should not be neglected. On the one hand, infectious diseases are probably underrepresented, at least when one considers only lynx carcasses found by chance. On the other hand, lynx seem to be more or less sensitive to all bacterial and viral diseases of domestic cats - however, lynx in their natural habitat seldom come in contact with such infectious agents. Parasites play an important role, especially in the wild. Mange is the most common disease affecting lynx. It is described in Eurasian lynx and is an important cause of death especially in northern Europe. Other ectoparasites like fleas and ticks are frequently observed in summer - like in other domestic and wild animals. Intestine worms (especially round worms) are very common. In North America and in Europe infections with toxoplasma and trichinella also occur frequently. However, they seldom cause disease symptoms. Bacterias play a role especially in the infection of wounds: they sometimes lead to death by causing septicemia. But occasionally lynx can also be affected by specific bacterial diseases: Salmonellosis occurs sometimes in lynx kept in zoos, and tuberculosis has been described in a free-ranging Iberian lynx. Viral diseases are seldom in the wild. However, isolated cases of rabies, parvovirosis, feline infectious peritonitis, Borna disease (Eurasian lynx), and distemper (Canada lynx) have been observed. In zoo animals as well, only few cases of viral diseases are known: infections with orthopoxviruses and also a case of feline leucose. Tumours and fungi infections are seldom, too. The only cases described up to now were observed in lynx kept in zoos. However, it can not be excluded that such diseases also occur in the wild.","","","","","","","","Ryser-Degiorgis_2001_Todesursachen_und_Krankheiten_beim_Luchs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1271","On a fishing cat, Felis (Prionailurus) viverrina Bennett, 1833, from continental Malaysia","van Bree PJH;Khan MKbM;","1992  ","","4ID;4MY;distribution;fishing;Prionailurus viverrina;fishing cat;","IN FILE","179","180","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","57","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Bree_&_Khan_1992_Fishing_cat_in_Malaysia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1272","Distribution and status of the Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus rhizophoreus Sody, 1936) in West Java, Indonesia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae)","Melisch R;Asmoro PB;Lubis IR;Kusumawardhani L;","1996 Dec 10 ","","4ID;Carnivora;conservation;distribution;Felidae;fishing;Java;Mammalia;Prionailurus viverrina;Prionailurus viverrina rizophoreus;status;threat;","IN FILE","311","319","Faunistische Abhandlungen,Staatiliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden","","","","20","","","17","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Melisch_et_al_1996_Distribution_and_status_of_the_Fishing_Cat_in_West_Java.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1273","Untersuchungen zur Luchspopulation in den Nordwestalpen der Schweiz 1997-2000","Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Zimmermann F;Ryser A;Capt S;Laass J;Siegenthaler A;Breitenmoser U;","2001 Oct ","","8CH;Alps;distribution;Lynx lynx;population size;status;","IN FILE","1","88","","","","","9","","Hagen S;Klopfstein S;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","After an increasing number of attacks of lynx on livestock in the years 1995 and 1996, the SAEFL and the cantons of Berne, Fribourg and Vaud decided to launch a research project addressing three aspects: depredation, status of the lynx population, and public awareness. The present report deals with the spatial and social system of the lynx population in the north-western Alps, its demography, the estimation of the population size, and the comparison with the situation during the 1980s. In three more reports, we will cover the development of damages on livestock, the prevention of damages, and the impact of lynx predation on wild ungulate populations. The study area covered the north-western Alps of the cantons of Berne, Fribourg and Vaud and was situated in the large carnivore management compartment VI. The study area stretched from the lake of Thun to the lake of Geneva. During the four-years study, 43 lynx (14 adult females, 10 adult males, 6 subadult females, 5 juvenile females and 8 juvenile males) were caught, fitted with a radio-collar and followed for 2 - 47 months. The number of lynx monitored at the same time fluctuated from 15 to 20 individuals. In the year 2000, no more animals were caught, but we continued to follow the lynx still wearing radio-collars. By the end of the year 2000, 5 lynx remained with working collars.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser-Wuersten_et_al_2001_Untersuchungen_zur_Luchspopulation_in_den_Nordwestalpen_der_Schweiz.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1274","Der Luchs im Jura - Eine Uebersicht zum aktuellen Kenntnisstand","Breitenmoser U;Capt S;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Angst C;Zimmermann F;Molinari-Jobin A;","2002 Jan ","German. French version: RefID 1275","8CH;distribution;Jura;Lynx lynx;management;monitoring;observation;population;status;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","11","","Hagen S;Angst C;Capt S;Torriani D;Zimmermann F;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","This report deals with the current situation of the lynx in the Swiss Jura Mts. The background for this is the new lynx management which is being implemented according to the Swiss Lynx Concept. Measures that are going to be taken have to base on good and reliable data which requires a sound monitoring. During the past few years, the number of lynx observations were stable but on a low number in the south-western part of the population, whereas it was increasing in the north-eastern part. With this report, we would like give an overview to the institutions concerned which should form the basis for the design of the monitoring and the coordination of the lynx management in the Swiss Jura. However, the management of the lynx population has not only to be coordinated between the cantons, but also between Switzerland and France.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_2002_Der_Luchs_im_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1275","Le lynx dans le Jura - Aperçu de l'etat actuel des connaissances","Breitenmoser U;Capt S;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Angst C;Zimmermann F;Molinari-Jobin A;","2002 Jan ","French. German version: RefID 1274","8CH;distribution;Jura;Lynx lynx;management;monitoring;observation;population;status;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","11","","Hagen S;Angst C;Capt S;Torriani D;Zimmermann F;","","Muri Bern","KORA","French","","","","","KORA Bericht","","This report deals with the current situation of the lynx in the Swiss Jura Mts. The background for this is the new lynx management which is being implemented according to the Swiss Lynx Concept. Measures that are going to be taken have to base on good and reliable data which requires a sound monitoring. During the past few years, the number of lynx observations were stable but on a low number in the south-western part of the population, whereas it was increasing in the north-eastern part. With this report, we would like give an overview to the institutions concerned which should form the basis for the design of the monitoring and the coordination of the lynx management in the Swiss Jura. However, the management of the lynx population has not only to be coordinated between the cantons, but also between Switzerland and France.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_2002_Le_lynx_dans_le_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1276","The cougar in Michigan: Sightings and related information - Pictures","Rusz PJ;","2001  ","Main file Rusz_2001_The_cougar_in_Michigan.pdf see ID 1210","3US;cougar;distribution;genetics;habitat;Michigan;mountain lion;puma;Puma concolor;sighting;taxonomy;track;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","Bengel Wildlife Center","English","","","","","Technical Publications","","","","","","","","","","Rusz_2001_The_cougar_in_Michigan_-_Pictures.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1277","The fishing cat (Felis veverrina) at Port Lympne","Whittaker T;","1994 Aug ","","feeding behavior;fishing;kitten;Port Lympne;Prionailurus viverrina;reproduction;","IN FILE","17","18","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Whittaker_1994_Fishing_cat_at_Port_Lympne.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1278","Report on the survey on the status and distribution of fishing cat (Felis viverina) in Howrah District of West Bengal","Bhattacharyya T;","1989  ","","4IN;Bengal;distribution;hunting behavior;Prionailurus viverrina;sighting;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Indian Society for Wildlife Research","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1989_Status_and_distribution_of_fishing_cat_in_West_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1279","A brief note on some observations on the breeding biology of Fishing cat (Felis viverrina)","Bhattacharyya T;","1992  ","","biology;breeding;breeding behaviour;kitten;observation;Prionailurus viverrina;","IN FILE","20","21","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1992_Breeding_biology_of_Fishing_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1280","First record of the Fishing cat Felis viverrina Bennett in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary and Chhotanagpur Plateau of Bihar","Datye HS;","1993  ","","4IN;Bihar;fishing;fishing cat;nature reserve;Prionailurus viverrina;record;sighting;wildlife;","IN FILE","90","90","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","90","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A kitten of the fishing cat was found in the Dalma wildlife sanctuary. The fishing cat was not recorded in the Dalma wildlife sanctuary before.","","","","","","","","Datye_1993_Fishing_cat_in_Dalma_Wildlife_Sanctuary_and_Bihar.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1281","Featured Feline: Margay (Leopardus wiedi)","","2001  ","","coloration;habitat;Leopardus wiedi;measurement;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Margay.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1282","Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora - Conservation of and trade in tigers","","1997  ","","conservation;endangered species;fauna;flora;trade;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","Tenth Meeting of the Conference fof the Paries Harare (Zimbabwe)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1997 Jun ","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Conservation_of_and_trade_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1283","Report on a brief study of the straying and man eating behaviour of leopards of mountainous regions of Garhwal Himalaya in Uttar Pradesh, India","Chaudhuri K;Choudhury P;","1999  ","","4IN;behavior;Himalaya;maneater;Panthera pardus;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","London","Royal Geographical Society","English","","","","","","","According to media reports and popular belief, for past several years the leopards of the mountainous regions of Uttar Pradesh have exhibited a disturbing tendency of straying out of their natural habitats in the forests of lower and middle hill regions and extending their home range to the densely populated human settlements presumably for the reason of sustenance. It has been argued that particularly during the last 5-6 years the propensity of their dependence on the livestock of local villages have been noticed. Some observers even claim that there has been a sudden rise in the incidences of leopards attacking human beings within the limits of villages and devouring them, which subsequently encouraged the Forest Department of Uttar Pradesh to declare several leopards as 'man-eaters' hence, allowed to be destroyed. On the initiative of Dr. R.L. Singh IFS., Chief Wildlife Warden of Uttar Pradesh a brief study of the man-eating behaviour of the leopards was undertaken by the authors. This paper explores the authenticity and extent of such straying incidents, possible reasons for same and its effect on the social fabric of the hill people. It is envisaged that the results obtained during this brief study would assist in evolving a detailed and extended study of the situation to encourage formulation of a 'Leopard Conservation Strategy' for the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh. The authors hope that such a Strategy will restore villager confidence and by restricting leopard activity within their natural habitats, offer the much needed protection to this endangered cat species. The present study, which was of exploratory in nature, confined itself primarily within the Central Garhwal region encompassing the Alaknanda valley, Rishi valley (fringes of Nandadevi Biosphere Reserve) and parts of Mandakini-Gangotri valley. Study period extended between 09 April 1999 and 14 May 1999.","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Choudhury_1999_Straying_and_man_eating_behaviour_of_leopards_in_Garhwal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1284","Jaguarundi (Felis yaguarondi)","","1997  ","","coloration;habitat;Herpailurus yaguarondi;home range;measurement;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Jaguarundi.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1285","Tiger progress? The response to CITES Resolution Conf. 9.13","","1997  ","","CITES;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;trade;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Response_to_CITES_Resolution_Conference.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1286","Festigkeitsoptimierte Tigerkralle","","1990  ","","claw;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","91","91","N22","","","","253","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Tiger_claw.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1287","The tiger","","1970  ","","conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","3","3","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","14","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1970_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1288","Characterisation and assessment of suitability of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) den sites","Boutros D;","2002 Mar ","","8CH;den site;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","31","","","","","12","","Torriani D;Siegenthaler A;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","I retrospectively investigated characteristics of den structures and den sites used by female Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Jura Mountains and the northwestern Alps of Switzerland. Between 1983 and 2000, 30 natal and 40 maternal dens from 26 females were located within the field work of the Swiss Lynx Project. Important den structures were closed, i.e. provided good shelter, had few entrances, and measured one m2. Most dens were located in mixed forests with relatively open vegetation allowing for a visibility of 10-20 m. Contrary to my expectations, natal, as well as maternal dens were equally exposed to human disturbance and lay in more or less dangerous terrain. Overall, the two den types barely differed. While kittens were better hidden in natal dens and natal dens almost never had an open structure, maternal dens were surrounded by a larger number of hiding places. Furthermore, I noticed numerous differences between the 40 den sites of the Jura Mts. and the 30 den sites of the NW-Alps: dens in the Jura were situated lower and in flatter terrain; besides, they were located more distant from settlements and forest borders and closer to roads than den sites in the Alps. The age of the mother had no direct influence on cub survival. However, the age (experience) of the female was correlated with the microclimatic stability of a den site and its shelter against the weather. These were the principle factors important for the survival of young lynx in the first year of their life.","","","","","","","","Boutros_2002_Characterisation_and_assessment_of_suitability_of_Eurasian_lynx_den_sites.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1289","Sighting of an unknown species of cat","Ranjitsinh MK;","1986  ","","4IN;Felidae;sighting;","IN FILE","653","653","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ranjitsinh_1986_Sighting_of_an_unknown_species_of_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1290","Elephant calf predation by tiger Panthera tigris in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar","Datye HS;","1993  ","","4IN;Bihar;Elephas maximus;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;predation;tiger;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","90","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","An immigrated tiger in the Dalma wildlife sanctuary feeds on cattle and on an elephant calf, elephants are not used to tigers in this region and might be therefore less attentive.","","","","","","","","Datye_1993_Elephant_calf_predation_by_tiger_in_Bihar.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1291","Tiger","Martyn WF;","","","coloration;habitat;Panthera tigris;reproduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","2","Compleat Universal Display of Animated Nature","","","London","Harrison and Co.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martyn_-_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1292","Distribution of the tiger","Mazak V;","1965  ","","distribution;history;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Der Tiger","","","Wittenberg Lutherstadt","A. Ziemsen Verlag","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazak_1965_Distribution_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1293","Tigers","WWF;","1993  ","","distribution;hunting behavior;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris balica;Panthera tigris corbetti;Panthera tigris sondaica;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Panthera tigris tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF; IUCN","English","","","","","Fact sheet","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1993_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1294","Felidae","Goodwin HA;Goodwin JM;","1973  ","","endangered species;Felidae;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","List of Mammals which have become extinct or are possibly extinct since 1600","","","","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodwin_&_Goodwin_1973_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1295","Habitat utilization and movement patterns of tigers and their prey: Implications for management and reserve design","Sunquist ME;Mishra HR;","","","breeding;habitat;habitat use;home range;management;movement pattern;Panthera tigris;prey;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_&_Mishra_-_Habitat_utilization_and_movement_patterns_of_tigers_and_their_prey.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1296","Conservation and Livelihoods Network - Press statement5th National Consultation on Wildlife Conservation and People's Livelihood Rights","Pant R;Ghosh SK;Sekhsaria P;","2001 Apr 10 ","","4IN;conflict;conservation;public attitude;management;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pant_et_al_2001_Conservation_and_Livelihoods_Network.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1297","Setting the molecular clock in Felidae - Extract: Tiger genetics","O'Brien SJ;","","","Felidae;genetics;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_-_Tiger_Genetics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1298","Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Bear - Distinguishing characteristics of skeletal bones of these animals","","","","characteristic;osteology;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous - Distinguishing characteristics of skeletal bones.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1299","Locomotion and prey capture","Kitchener AC;","1991  ","","capture;history;hunting behavior;locomotion;natural history;Panthera tigris;prey;","IN FILE","12","12","","","","","","Natural History of Wild cats","","","","Helm","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_1991_Locomotion_and_prey_capture.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1300","The Enigma Surrounding Tigers in Kerinci Seblat National Park","Linkie M;Holden J;","","","4ID;camera trap;habitat;Kerinci;Panthera tigris;Sumatra;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Linkie_&_Holden_-_Enigma_surrounding_Tigers_in_Kerinci_Seblat_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1301","Siberian tigers","Miquelle DG;","2001  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","68","68","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_2001_Siberian_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1302","International Team Surveys Potential Habitat in China for Siberian Tigers and Amur Leopards","Hornocker MG;","1999  ","","4Asia;habitat;Jilin Province;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;survey;","IN FILE","1","2","Hornocker Wildlife Institute Newsletter","","","","1","","","2","Moscow","University of Idaho Hornocker Wildlife Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornocker_1999_Potential_habitat_for_Siberian_tigers_and_Amur_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1304","Threats to the Siberian tiger","","1992  ","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Threats_to_the_Siberian_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1305","India - Wildlife Hotspots (Out of Magazine Sanctuary 17(5))","","1995  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Map_Wildlife_Hotspots_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1306","Spatial and temporal distribution of coat patterns of Eurasion lynx (Lynx lynx) in two re-introduced populations in Switzerland","Thueler K;","2002 Jun ","","8CH;Alps;coat pattern;distribution;Jura;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","35","","","","","13","","Torriani D;Siegenthaler A;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","Lynx had become extinct throughout most of Central and Western Europe at the end of the 19th century. This was also the case for Switzerland. However, in 1971 the Eurasian lynx was reintroduced into the Swiss Alps. Further re-introduction programs followed in the Swiss Jura Mts, Slovenia and Croatia. All animals released came from the same source population of the Carpathian Mts in Slovakia, and some of them have been closely related. As small, isolated populations are theoretically vulnerable to genetic drift, where alleles with low frequency are likely to disappear from the population gene pool, a change in the occurrence of different coat patterns can be an indication for this. In the recent population of the Swiss Alps a temporal change of the occurrence of different coat pattern types was found. Another possible indication is the loss of the non-spotted type in the Jura Mts population. In this study, a classification system for coat patterns in lynx was developed and five different coat patterns were defined: large spots, small spots, without spots, rosettes and small spots with rudimentary rosettes. The frequency of occurrence of these coat patterns was then compared between the two reintroduced populations in Switzerland and the source population in the Carpathian Mts of Slovakia and another re-introduced population in Slovenia/Croatia. Additionally coat patterns of historic lynx from Switzerland were analyzed. The dominant coat pattern type in the historic Swiss population was non-spotted and in recent populations large-spotted. Rosettes were found only recently. There existed a correlation between spatial and temporal distribution of the different coat pattern types.","","","","","","","","Thueler_2002_Spatial_and_temporal_distribution_of_coat_patterns_of_lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1307","Fotofallen-Monitoring im westlichen Berner Oberland 2001 - Fotofallen-Extensiv-Einsatz 2001, Fotofallen-Intensiv-Einsatz Winter 2001/2002","Laass J;","2002  ","","8CH;camera trap;field method;Lynx lynx;method;population size;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","14","","Hagen S;Siegenthaler A;","","Muri Bern","KORA","German","","","","","KORA Bericht","","The immense effort necessary for radio-telemetry studies called for the development of a system for a long-term monitoring of the Swiss lynx population. Pictures taken by camera-traps installed at game-paths and forestry-roads may be effectively used to estimate population size in a mark-resight approach. This study, conducted in the Bernese Oberland, shows that it is possible to use camera-traps in a sight/resight approach to estimate the size of a lynx population in the Alps.","","","","","","","","Laass_2002_Fotofallen-Monitoring_im_westlichen_Berner_Oberland.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1308","The Kuno Project Madhya Pradesh, Progress Report I (December 1997 - September 1999)","Sharma A;Kabra A;","1999  ","","4IN;Kuno Sanctuary;Madhya Pradesh;community involvement;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","1","","","","New Delhi","Samrakshan Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_&_Kabra_1999_Kuno_Project_Madhya_Pradesh_Report_1.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1309","The Kuno Project Madhya Pradesh, Progress Report II (September 1999 - November 2000)","Sharma A;Kabra A;","2000  ","","4IN;Kuno Sanctuary;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera leo;community involvement;reintroduction;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","1","","","","New Delhi","Samrakshan Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_&_Kabra_2000_Kuno_Project_Madhya_Pradesh_Report_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1310","The Kuno Project Madhya Pradesh, Progress Report III (December 2000 - April 2001)","Sharma A;Kabra A;Sharma B;Merajuddin S;Kumar V;Pandey R;Ram K;","2001  ","","4IN;Kuno Sanctuary;Madhya Pradesh;community involvement;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","1","","","","New Delhi","Samrakshan Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_et_al_2001_Kuno_Project_Madhya_Pradesh_Report_3.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1311","The Kuno Project Madhya Pradesh, Progress Report IV (May 2001 - October 2001)","Sharma A;Kabra A;Hameed R;Merajuddin S;Kumar V;Pandey R;Ram K;","2001  ","","4IN;conservation;Kuno Sanctuary;Madhya Pradesh;community involvement;reintroduction;nature reserve;water;project;report;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","1","","","","New Delhi","Samrakshan Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_et_al_2001_Kuno_Project_Madhya_Pradesh_Report_4.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1312","Determining minimum habitat areas and habitat corridors for cougars","Beier P;","1993  ","","3NAm;corridor;habitat;habitat fragmentation;immigration;minimum area;population dynamics;Puma concolor;simulation;stochasticity;","IN FILE","94","108","Conservation Biology","","","","7","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","I simulated population dynamics of cougars to predict the minimum areas and levels of immigration needed to avoid population extinction caused by demographic and environmental stochasticity for a period of 100 years. Under most plausible parameter values, the model predicted very low extinction risk in areas as small as 2200 km2, and (in the absence of immigration) increasing risk as area decreased below 2200 km2. If as few as one to four animals per decade could immigrate into a small population, the probability of population persistence increased markedly. Thus a corridor for immigration will benefit a small population in an area where further loss of habitat will occur. The model was applied to the cougar population in the Santa Ana Mountain Range of southern California (2070 km2, with about 20 adults). Field data support the model's conclusion that this population is demographically unstable. There will be a high risk of extinction if the habitat is reduced to currently protected and connected areas (1114 km2). A movement corridor allowing immigration from the adjacent population and intra-range corridors would greatly enhance the prognosis. However, the last corridor for immigration has been degraded by recent human activity. Within the mountain range, cougars recently became extinct in a 75-km2 habitat fragment recently isolated by development, and cougars will become extinct in another 150- km2 of habitat if a proposed housing project occludes a critical corridor. Radio tracking has confirmed use of this and other important corridors. Neither the model nor the field data alone would have much influence in the face of development pressure; together they have stimulated interest in restoring and protecting critical corridors in this range. Nonetheless, the long-term prognosis for this population is bleak, because 22 local governments review potential impact on a case-by-case basis.","","","","","","","","Beier_1993_Determining_minimum_habitat_areas_and_habitat_corridors_for_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1313","Summary of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's 2000-2001 panther capture season","","2001 Apr 27 ","","3US;capture;conservation;Florida;monitoring;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","Florida","FWC Panther Section, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Panther_capture_season_report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1314","111 years of puma attacks on humans (Presentation)","Beier P;","2001  ","","3NAm;3US;attack on human;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Beier_2001_111_years_of_puma_attacks_on_humans.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1315","Cambodian community based tiger conservation project - Interim report","Smith DJL;Hean S;","","Interim Report","4KH;community involvement;conservation;Panthera tigris;report;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_-_Cambodian_community_based_tiger_conservation_project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1316","Community-based monitoring and conservation of tigers in Cambodia's most important tiger conservation unit - Final report","Kimsan O;Weiler H;Nowell K;Smith DJL;Masphal K;Polin S;Seiha U;Hean S;","2001  ","","4KH;community involvement;conservation;monitoring;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","Phnom penh","Cambodia Tiger Conservation Program","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kimsan_et_al_2001_Community-based_monitoring_and_conservation_of_tigers_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1317","Status of the tiger and its conservation in Cambodia","Hean S;","2000  ","","4KH;conservation;distribution;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;trade;development;biodiversity;landscape;tiger;review;history;wildlife;wildlife trade;hunting;protection;abundance;interview;GIS;prey;forest;protected areas;protected area;area;human;human population;population;metapopulation;Southeast Asia;breeding;habitat;wildlife products;CITES;forest loss;action plan;strategy;","IN FILE","1","106","","","","","","","","","","Faculty of the Graduate Scool of the University of Minnesota","English","","","","","","","Following decades of political instability, Cambodia is currently undergoing rapid development and changes in land use. Although the government made important progress protecting biodiversity during the 1990s, more accurate information is urgently needed to develop a comprehensive, landscape scale tiger conservation plan. The purpose of this study was to: (1) review the brief history of biodiversity conservation in Cambodia (2) determine tiger distribution and status and (3) study the role of wildlife trade and hunting in the long term protection of this species. Information on tiger distribution, abundance and the role of hunters in wildlife trade was obtained through interviews with local hunters. I used GIS and SAS to analyze tiger distribution in relation to prey distribution, forest cover type, protected areas, forest concessions and human population centers. Trade in tiger products was studied usin,0 wildlife dealer interviews and investigations on the distribution, routes, and economics of internal and international trade. I found that tigers are still widely distributed in the forests of Cambodia and the 2 metapopulations is one of the largest in Southeast Asia. However, only 26% of tiger breeding habitat is included in the national protected area system. The remaining habitat is in forest concessions (38%) or on national lands available for human settlement. Even tigers living in protected areas are threatened by widespread illegal hunting. I visited >200 wildlife markets (7 types) and checkpoints throughout the country. Major centers of trade are located in Phnom Penh and Poipet. Price of tiger products typically increases >100-fold between hunter and sale in the non-tiger range countries. Local hunters are generally satisfied with the economic benefits of huntin,0 because profits from wildlife products make important contributions to their lifestyle. Wildlife trade proliferates despite international (CITES) and national policy because local authorities are untrained and have low salaries. Therefore, corruption is common This study documented that Cambodia still has 2 si&miticant tiger nxtapopulations but pressures from trade, hunting and forest loss are rapidly causing this population to decline. A national tiger action plan is urgently needed to (1) review the previous protected area system and identify critical new tiger habitat for inclusion, (2) develop new strategies to significantly control illeyal wildlife trade and huntine. and (3) adopt recently created community-based conservation efforts to protect tigers. Little time is left for survival of tigers in Cambodia without immediate action.","","","","MSc","Thesis","","","Hean_2000_Status_of_the_tiger_and_its_conservation_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1318","Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy","Griffith B;Scott JM;Carpenter JW;Reed C;","1989 Aug 4 ","","3CA;3US;6AU;6NZ;Aves;conservation;conservation strategy;ex situ;guidelines;habitat;Mammalia;reintroduction;status;translocation;","IN FILE","477","480","Science","","","","245","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Surveys of recent (1973 to 1986) intentional releases of native birds and mammals to the wild in Australia, Canada, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States were conducted to document current activities, identify factors associated with success, and suggest guidelines for enhancing future work. Nearly 700 translocations were conducted each year. Native game species constituted 90 percent of translocations and were more successful (86 percent) than were translocations of threatened, endangered, or sensitive species (46 percent). Knowledge of habitat quality, location of release area within the species range, number of animals released, program length, and reproductive traits allowed correct classification of 81 percent of observed translocations as successful or not.","","","","","","","","Griffith_et_al_1989_Translocation_as_a_species_conservation_tool.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1319","The Servals of Gorigor","Geertsema A;","1991  ","","1TZ;behavior;Leptailurus serval;Ngorongoro;","IN FILE","52","61","Natural History","","","","","","","2/1991","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Geertsema_1991_The_Servals_of_Gorigor.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1320","Tiger Link","","1995  ","","conservation;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;Tiger Link;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Rathambhore Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Tiger_Link.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1321","CCF Policy on Downlisting the Cheetah","","1999  ","","1Afr;1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;","IN FILE","3","3","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","","","","December 1999","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Downlisting_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1322","The predatory 'training' of captive-reared pumas","Bogue G;Ferrari M;","1974  ","","behavior;hunting behavior;pre-release training;predator;Puma concolor;status;management;conservation;","IN FILE","35","42","","","","","3","Contributions to status, management and conservationProceedings of the third international symposium on the world's cats, April 26-28 1974","Eaton RL;","2","Seattle, Washington","Carnivore Research Institute, Burke Museum, University of Washington","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bogue_&_Ferrari_1974_Predatory_training_of_captive-reared_pumas.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1323","Fixing the onus of maintaining peace","Sahgal B;","1999  ","","4IN;conflict;conservation;Dudhwa;public attitude;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","Deccan Herald","","","","","","","","","The Printers (Mysore) Ltd.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_1999_Fixing_the_onus_of_maintaining_peace.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1324","Guidelines for Re-Introductions","","","","reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Guideline_for_Reintroductions.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1325","Soviet's decision to lift the ban over the hunting of Siberian tiger has invited world wide criticism","","1990  ","","7RU;hunting (by human);legislation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","","","Hong Kong Daily News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Ban_over_the_hunting_of_Siberian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1326","Conserving the smaller cats","Jackson P;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;Felidae;lesser cat;","IN FILE","1","4","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1998_Conserving_smaller_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1327","Cats: Some large, many small","Mukherjee SD;","1998  ","","4IN;distribution;Felidae;habitat;lesser cat;","IN FILE","5","13","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mukherjee_1998_Cats_-_some_large_many_small.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1328","Small cats in Rajasthan","Sharma VD;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;Felidae;history;lesser cat;Rajasthan;status;","IN FILE","14","17","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_1998_Small_cats_in_Rajasthan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1329","The six small cats of Orissa","Acharjyo LN;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;Felidae;lesser cat;Orissa;","IN FILE","18","20","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Acharjyo_1998_Six_small_cats_of_Orissa.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1330","Small cats in Andhra Pradesh","Mukherjee SD;","1998  ","","4IN;Andhra Pradesh;conservation;distribution;Felidae;lesser cat;","IN FILE","21","21","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mukherjee_1998_Small_cats_in_Andhra_Pradesh.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1331","Records of small cats in Gujarat","Singh HS;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;Felidae;Gujarat;lesser cat;record;","IN FILE","22","23","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1998_Records_of_small_cats_in_Gujarat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1332","Smaller cats of Maharashtra","Gogate MG;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;Felidae;habitat;lesser cat;Maharashtra;","IN FILE","24","28","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gogate_1998_Smaller_cats_of_Maharashtra.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1333","Rearing leopard cat cubs in a zoo","Shiva Shanker MK;","1998  ","","4IN;captive breeding;cub;kitten;Prionailurus bengalensis;Panthera pardus;zoo;","IN FILE","29","31","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shiva-Shanker_1998_Rearing_leopard_cat_cubs_in_a_zoo.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1334","The smaller cats get less","Sanyal B;","1998  ","","4IN;Felidae;lesser cat;poaching;population trend;trade;","IN FILE","32","34","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanyal_1998_Smaller_cats_get_less.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1335","Some methods to study the small cats","Mukherjee SD;","1998  ","","4IN;Felidae;lesser cat;method;monitoring;","IN FILE","35","38","Envis - Wildlife and Protected Areas","","","","1","","","2","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mukherjee_1998_Some_methods_to_study_the_small_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1336","Amur tiger conservation plan - Network of Core Areas","Miquelle DG;Merrill T;","","","7RU;conservation;conservation strategy;corridor;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_&_Merrill_-_Map_-_Amur_Tiger_Conservation_Plan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1337","Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane","West PM;Packer C;","2002  ","","1TZ;coat pattern;lion;mane;Panthera leo;phenotypic plasticity;Serengeti;sexual selection;signaling;temperature;","IN FILE","1339","1343","Science","","","","297","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The mane of the African lion (Panthera leo) is a highly variable trait that reflects male condition and ambient temperature. We examined the consequences of this variation in a long-term study of lions in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Mane darkness indicates nutrition and testosterone and influences both female choice and male-male competition. Mane length signals fighting success and only appears to influence male-male assessment. Dark-maned males enjoy longer reproductive life-spans and higher offspring survival, but they suffer higher surface temperatures, abnormal sperm, and lower food intake during hot months of the year. Maned males are hotter than females, and males have lighter and/or shorter manes in hotter seasons, years, and habitats. This phenotypic plasticity suggests that the mane will respond to forecasted increases in ambient temperature.","","","","","","","","West_&_Packer_2002_Sexual_selection_temperature_and_the_lions_mane.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1338","Cool cats lose out in the mane event","Withgott J;","2002  ","","1TZ;evolutionary ecology;lion;mane;Panthera leo;sexual selection;signaling;","IN FILE","1255","1256","Science","","","","297","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Withgott_2002_Cool_cats_lose_out_in_the_mane_event.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1339","Molecular taxonomy and the conservation of the red wolf and other endangered carnivores","Brownlow CA;","1996  ","","3US;Canis latrans;Canis lupus;Canis rufus;Carnivora;conservation;hybridization;molecular method;taxonomy;","IN FILE","390","396","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Recent publications have reaffirmed that the red wolf (Canis rufus) is a hybrid of the coyote and the gray wolf. Besides the implications these results will likely have for future conservation efforts and allotment of resources through the Endangered Species Act for recovery of the red wolf, it is likely that broader consequences will be felt throughout the conservation community as species come under the scrutiny of a more powerful means of taxonomic identification. As molecular technology is refined in its ability to resolve taxonomic histories and uncertainties, it is likely that hybridization event(s) will be recognized in more species. This may be of particular importance for large carnivores, whose small population sizes make them susceptible to hybridization episodes with closely related, sympatric species. Because of negative perceptions, powerful antipredator advocates, conservation and resource constraints, and an enigmatic hybrid policy within the Endangered Species Act, how red-wolf taxonomy is decided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may affect the future of large carnivores in general.","","","","","","","","Brownlow_1996_Molecular_taxonomy_and_the_conservation_of_the_red_wolf_and_other_endangered_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","1340","Distribution and conservation of the Chinese mountain cat (Felis bieti)","He L;Garcia-Perea R;Wei F;Gisbert J;Li M;","2002  ","NOT FOR CITATION!","4CN;conservation;distribution;Felis bieti;","IN FILE","","","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","He_2002_Distribution_and_conservation_of_Felis_bieti.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1341","Troubled habitat: Melghat Tiger Reserve","Kizhakudan J;","1999  ","","4IN;conservation;habitat;habitat conservation;Maharashtra;Melghat Tiger Reserve;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kizhakudan_1999_Melghat_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1342","Cattle, poachers destroying sanctuaries","Hoover J;","1999  ","","4IN;cattle;conflict;conservation;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","Deccan Herald","","","","","","","","","The Printers (Mysore) Ltd.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoover_1999_Cattle_and_poachers_destroying_sanctuaries.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1343","Caught in the crossfire","Sahgal B;","1999  ","","4IN;Andhra Pradesh;conflict;conservation;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;traffic;","IN FILE","","","Deccan Herald","","","","","","","","","The Printers (Mysore) Ltd.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_1999_Caught_in_the_crossfire.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1344","Genetically effective population size of large mammals: An assessment of estimators","Harris RB;Allendorf FW;","1989  ","","effective population size;genetics;population genetics;population size;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","181","191","Conservation Biology","","","","3","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","We calculated genetically effective population sizes (N<sub>e</sub>) for simulated grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations by tracing the loss of heterozygosity through time, and compared them with estimates of N<sub>e</sub>0 produced by applying published formulas to demographic results from the simulation. Estimates of N<sub>e</sub> using different formulas on identical data varied widely. Equations published by Hill (1972), and modifications of those used by Ryman et al. (1981) and Reed et al. (1986), provided the most accurate estimates. Minor population fluctuations had little effect on N<sub>e</sub>, but variation in lifetime reproductive success among males (V<sub>km</sub>) greatly reduced N<sub>e</sub> from its expectation under random mating success. All methods to estimate N<sub>e</sub> for populations with complex demographics require extensive data, but estimates for V<sub>km</sub> in polygynous species are especially difficult to obtain. We suggest that simulation modeling may provide alternative methods to estimate V<sub>km</sub> and N<sub>e</sub>.","","","","","","","","Harris_&_Allendorf_1989_Genetically_effective_population_size_of_large_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1345","Update on blind cheetah","Conradie C;","1998  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;blind;cub;eye;monitoring;veterinary;","IN FILE","3","3","AfriCat-Newsletter - Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","","","","6","","","3","","Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Conradie_1998_Update_on_blind_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1346","How do any species persist? Lessons for conservation biology","Goodman D;","1987  ","","conservation;conservation biology;extinction risk;population dynamics;population growth;Population Viability Analysis;stochasticity;","IN FILE","59","62","Conservation Biology","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodman_1987_How_do_any_species_persist.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1347","Tiger Preservation","Imam A;","1969  ","","4IN;conservation;habitat;Panthera tigris;threat;","IN FILE","64","66","Cheetal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1969_Tiger_preservation.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1348","Tiger Project area in Sundarban","Chaudhuri AR;Chakrabarty A;","1979  ","","4IN;distribution;migration;Panthera tigris;project;Project Tiger;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakrabarty_1979_Map_Tiger_Project_Area_in_Sundarban.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1349","The problemSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Saberwal VK;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;politics;wildlife;","IN FILE","12","16","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","1989 Jun ","","","","","Saberwal_1998_Problems_in_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1350","The authoritarian biologistSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Guha R;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;biology;conservation;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","17","24","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Guha_1998_Authoritarian_biologist.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1351","Sacred groves for the 21st centurySeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Karanth KU;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;endangered species;poaching;wildlife;","IN FILE","25","31","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1998_Sacred_groves_for_the_21st_century.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1352","One size does not fit allSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Borges RM;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;nature reserve;population;wildlife;","IN FILE","31","36","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Borges_1998_One_size_does_not_fit_all.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1353","Massacre of the innocentsSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Rahmani AR;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;endangered species;great Indian bustard;hunting (by human);wildlife;","IN FILE","37","40","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rahmani_1998_Massacre_of_the_innocents.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1354","A princely bequestSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Divyabhanusinh;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;culture;Gir;history;hunting (by human);Panthera leo;wildlife;","IN FILE","41","45","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1998_Princely_bequest.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1355","A problem with pachydermsSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Menon V;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;Elephas maximus;hunting (by human);poaching;Rhinoceros sondaicus;Rhinoceros unicornis;wildlife;","IN FILE","46","49","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Menon_1998_Problem_with_pachyderms.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1356","Animal farmSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Das I;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;breeding centre;conservation;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","50","52","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","The conflict between biodiversity conservation and human interests is particularly drastic in India where man struggles to stay alive. Different projects help to combine both interests as for example a snake capture project where snake hunters don't kill the snakes for economical reasons but milk theme.","","","","","","","","Das_1998_Animal_farm.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1357","Wildlife researchSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Daniels RJR;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;population;research;wildlife;","IN FILE","53","56","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","Wildlife research in India is difficult to accomplish. Communication lacks within researches or between park guides and researchers. In newspapers wrong information is published and the difference between wildlife and not wildlife is not that clear.","","","","","","","","Daniels_1998_Wildlife_research.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1358","A great legacy dissipatedSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Krishnan M;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;wildlife;","IN FILE","57","59","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Krishnan_1998_Great_legacy_dissipated.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1359","Fatal linksSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in Indias","Thapar V;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;endangered species;legislation;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;poaching;wildlife;","IN FILE","59","69","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thapar_1998_Fatal_links.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1360","Restricting human activity","Madhusudan MD;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;activity;conservation;human activity;Kudremukh;wildlife;","IN FILE","70","73","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","Seminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","","","","","","","","","","Madhusudan_1998_Restricting_human_activity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1361","Nature at stakeSeminar 466 - Reconciling the needs of man and wildlife in India","Baviskar A;","1998  ","whole file Seminar 466: 'Singh et al 1998 Seminar 466.pdf'","4IN;conservation;National Park;wildlife;World Bank;","IN FILE","74","78","","","","","","","","","New Delhi","Singh,M.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Baviskar_1998_Nature_at_stake.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1362","Trade in skins on despite ban","Wadhwa S;","1992  ","","4IN;poaching;skin;trade;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wadhwa_1992_Trade_in_skins_on_despite_ban.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1363","Trade in animal skins thrives on loopholes","Suresh N;","1992  ","","4IN;CITES;Panthera tigris;poaching;skin;trade;trade control;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Suresh_1992_Trade_in_animal_skins_thrives_on_loopholes.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1364","Steps to control wildlife trade","","1992  ","","4IN;poaching;trade;trade control;wildlife;","IN FILE","3","3","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Steps_to_control_wildlife_trade.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1365","On the lynx","Goodrich J;","2002  ","","7RU;behavior;conservation;foraging behavior;intraguild predation;Lynx lynx;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","22","23","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","July/August 2002","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodrich_2002_On_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1366","Siberian tiger conservation problems in the Russian Far East","Pikunov DG;","","with English summary","7RU;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","Russian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_-_Siberian_tiger_conservation_problems_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1367","Establishing a monitoring program for the Amur tiger","","1998  ","","4CN;4KP;7RU;method;monitoring;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population trend;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Monitoring_program_for_the_Amur_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1368","Status survey of the tiger and its habitat in Haldwani Forest Division including Nandhour Valley and its adjoining areas","Sharma BB;","","","4IN;abiotic threat;biotic threath;population size;forest;habitat;Haldwani Forest Division;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;survey;trade;Uttar Pradesh;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","33","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of Indiaws","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_-_Status_survey_of_the_tiger_and_its_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1369","Field survey to formulate management strategies for long term survival of tigers in the forest around Corbett National Park","Sharma BB;","","","4IN;abiotic threat;population size;Corbett National Park;corridor;forest;habitat;management;Panthera tigris;poaching;nature reserve;survey;threat;trade;","IN FILE","1","40","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_-_Long_term_survival_of_tigers_in_the_Corbett_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1370","Men jailed for illegal possession of leopard","Hanssen L;","1998  ","","1NA;legislation;Panthera pardus;trade;","IN FILE","4","4","AfriCat-Newsletter - Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","","","","6","","","3","","Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hanssen_1998_Men_jailed_for_illegal_possession_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1371","Experimental leopard reintroduction","Hanssen L;","1999  ","","1NA;handling;immobilization;Panthera pardus;reintroduction;trade;","IN FILE","6","6","AfriCat-Newsletter - Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","","","","7","","","1",""," Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hanssen_1999_Experimental_leopard_reintroduction.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1372","Report of the committee on prevention of illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products","Subramanian S;Rao RK;Ramachandra R;Kumar A;","1994  ","","4IN;conservation;prevention;trade;wildlife;wildlife products;","IN FILE","1","68","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Ministry of Environment & Forest Government of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Subramanian_et_al_1994_Prevention_of_illegal_trade_in_wildlife_and_wildlife_products.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1373","Genetic identification of wild and domestic cats (Felis silvestris) and their hybrids using Bayesian Clustering methods","Randi E;Pierpaoli M;Beaumont MA;Ragni B;Sforzi A;","2001  ","","8IT;admixture analysis;assignment test;Bayesian analysis;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;hybridization;identification;method;mtDNA;wildcat;","IN FILE","1679","1693","","Molecular Biology and Evolution","","","18","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","Crossbreeding with free-ranging domestic cats is supposed to threaten the genetic integrity of wildcat populations in Europe, although the diagnostic markers to identify ''pure'' or ''admixed'' wildcats have never been clearly defined. Here we use mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences and allelic variation at 12 microsatellite loci to genotype 128 wild and domestic cats sampled in Italy which were preclassified into three separate groups: European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris), Sardinian wildcats (Felis silvestris libyca), and domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus), according to their coat color patterns, collection localities, and other phenotypical traits, independently of any genetic information. For comparison, we included some captive-reared hybrids of European wild and domestic cats. Genetic variability was significantly partitioned among the three groups (mtDNA estimate of FST 5 0.36; microsatellite estimate of RST 5 0.30; P , 0.001), suggesting that morphological diversity reflects the existence of distinct gene pools. Multivariate ordination of individual genotypes and clustering of interindividual genetic distances also showed evidence of distinct cat groups, partially congruent with the morphological classification. Cluster analysis, however, did not enable hybrid cats to be identified from genetic information alone, nor were all individuals assigned to their populations. In contrast, a Bayesian admixture analysis simultaneously assigned the European wildcats, the Sardinian wildcats, and the domestic cats to different clusters, independent of any prior information, and pointed out the admixed gene composition of the hybrids, which were assigned to more than one cluster. Only one putative Sardinian wildcat was assigned to the domestic cat cluster, and one presumed European wildcat showed mixed (hybrid) ancestry in the domestic cat gene pool. Mitochondrial DNA sequences indicated that three additional presumed European wildcats might have hybrid ancestry. These four cats were sampled from the same area in the northernmost edge of the European wildcat distribution in the Italian Apennines. Admixture analyses suggest that wild and domestic cats in Italy are distinct, reproductively isolated gene pools and that introgression of domestic alleles into the wild-living population is very limited and geographically localized.","","","","","","","","Randi_et_al_2001_Bayesian_admixture_analysis_of_Italian_wildcats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1374","Wildlife can't survive on peanuts","Bhattacharyya A;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1996_Wildlife_can_not_survive_on_peanuts.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1375","The Indian judiciary axes wildlife trade","Kumar A;","1997  ","","4IN;legislation;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","56","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kumar_1997_Indian_judiciary_axes_wildlife_trade.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1376","Impact assessment of proposed ACC Cement Plant near Balpakram National Park","","1996  ","","4IN;Balpakram National Park;construction project;mine;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","The Rhino Foundation for Nature in North East India; Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Impact_assessment_of_ACC_Cement_Planz.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1377","Marbled cat pair in northeastern Thailand","Grassman LI jr.;Tewes ME;","2002  ","","4TH;marbled cat;observation;Pardofelis marmorata;Phu Khieo Wildife Sanctuary;record;sighting;","IN FILE","19","19","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) is one of the least studied small cats in southeast Asia. Ecological data on this species is sparse, consisting only of Grassman Jr. and Tewes' (2000) brief radio-tracking study of one female in Thailand, and Holden's (2001) camera tracking effort in Sumatra, Indonesia. We report on the first-ever documented observations of a pair of marbled cats in the wild in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (PKWS).","","","","","","","","Grassman_&_Tewes_2002_Marbled_cat_pair_in_northeastern_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1378","Sample sizes for minimum viable population estimation","Harris RB;Maguire LA;Shaffer ML;","1987  ","","extinction risk;method;MVP;Population Viability Analysis;sample size;sampling;","IN FILE","72","76","Conservation Biology","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","We are concerned that previous MVP simulation studies have not adequately addressed the sampling error associated with stochastic simulations, and thus have inadvertently produced an additional source of uncertainty. We suggest in this short note that most previous studies have used insufficient numbers of replicate simulations for estimating extinction probability, and provide two examples of the dangers of using too small a sample size.","","","","","","","","Harris_et_al_1987_Sample_sizes_for_minimum_viable_population_estimation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1379","India's Biodiversity: Tasks ahead","Khoshoo TN;","1994  ","","4IN;biodiversity;biotechnology;IPR;","IN FILE","577","582","Current Science","","","","67","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khoshoo_1994_Indias_biodiversity_-_Tasks_ahead.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1380","Current range and status of the Iberian lynx Felis pardina Temminck, 1824 in Spain","Rodriguez A;Delibes M;","1992  ","","8ES;distribution;Lynx pardinus;status;","IN FILE","189","196","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The current distribution of the Iberian lynx Felis pardina is outlined and its population size in Spain estimated at about 95% of its world range. There are 48 separate breeding areas, generally small in size. In addition, 32 non-breeding areas have been located, and 50 areas where lynx presence is uncertain, some associated with, and others separated from, breeding areas. A major part of the range supports low lynx densities. Range fragmentation is the most noteworthy feature of the distribution pattern, although dispersal might link some adjacent nuclei. Nine genetically isolated populations are recognized, although probably only two, accounting for about 70% of the total population, are viable in the short term. The Spanish population size is estimated at about 1100 individuals, with fewer than 350 reproductive females. The risks arising form this situation are analysed and conservation policies proposed.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_&_Delibes_1992_Status_of_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1381","Strategy for conservation of the snow leopard in the Russian federation","","2002  ","","7RU;action plan;CCT;cct_ap/cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat destruction;human-carnivore conflict;poaching;prey;protected area;public awareness;public education;snow leopard;status;threats;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","","","Moskow","WWF Russia / Russian Academy of Science","Russian and English","","","","","","","The snow leopard in Russia is placed at the edge of its global range and comparatively less studied than the Amur tiger or Amur leopard. This strategy for conservation of the snow leopard in the Russian Federation was discussed and adopted at a meeting of a working group that included representatives from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, representatives of state and regional environmental authorities, the Commission of Large Carivores of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and WWF Russia. It has been approved by the Head of State Service for Environment Protection in 2002. It provides detailed background information on the species and describes potential threats, such as conflicts with humans, elimination of prey base, poaching, and habitat destruction. Strategic priorities and a system of measures for snow leopard conservation in the Russian Federation are presented.","","","","","","","","WWF_2002_Strategy_for_snow_leopard_conservation_in_ Russia.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1382","Toinzinho e a onca","Pereira MR;Crawshaw PG;Crawshaw L;","1999  ","Comic on jaguar conservation","2BR;children;conservation;livestock damage prevention;Panthera onca;public attitude;public education;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Sao Paulo, Brasil","LAKE- Livraria Allan Kardec Editora","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pereira_et_al_1999_Toinzinho_e_a_onca.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1383","IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions","","1998  ","","IUCN;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;SSC;translocation;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","Oxford, UK","IUCN / Species Survival Commission SSC, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","SSC_1998_IUCN_Guidelines_for_re-introductions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1384","The African Lion Working Group","Bauer H;van der Merwe S;","2002  ","","1Afr;1ZA;distribution;Panthera leo;population size;status;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa","African Lion Working Group (IUCN/SSC)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bauer_&_van_der_Merwe_2002_The_African_Lion_Working_Group.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1385","Tiger viewing from elephant back in Kanha and Bandhavgarh National Parks","Tyabji HN;","1994  ","","4IN;Bandhavgarh National Park;Elephas maximus;Kanha National Park;Panthera tigris;tiger show;tourism;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyabji_1994_Tiger_viewing_from_elephant_back.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1386","Pacto Andaluz por el lince Iberico","","","","8ES;8PT;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;Iberian lynx;legislation;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","Socieda d`Espanola para la Conservation y Estudio de los Mamiferos","Spanish","","","","","","","Commitment to support programmes and coordinate, monitor and control actions for the conservation of the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Pacto_Andaluz_por_el_lince_Iberico.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1387","A near-extinction event in lynx: Do microsatellite data tell the tale?","Spong G;Hellborg L;","2002  ","","8NO;8SE;8SF;bottleneck;Eurasian lynx;genetics;Lynx lynx;microsatellite;population fluctuation;population genetics;population size;","IN FILE","15","","Conservation Ecology","","","","6","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Fluctuations in population size can have a profound impact on effective population size and the maintenance of genetic variation within a population. A number of tests based on microsatellite data have been developed for the detection of bottleneck events in a population's past. In this paper, we search for signs of a bottleneck in microsatellite data on the Scandinavian lynx (Lynx lynx) population. This population was hunted to the brink of extinction, with fewer than 100 animals (one estimate was as low as 30 individuals) remaining in the late 1920s. Protection allowed recovery of the population, which currently numbers about 2000 adults. Despite this pronounced demographic bottleneck (more than 95% of the population was killed), we could find no conclusive genetic evidence of a bottleneck using four of the recently developed tests for detecting such events.","","","","","","","","Spong_&_Hellborg_2002_Near-extinction_event_in_lynx_revealed_by_microsatellites.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1388","Indian zoos enter 21st century conservation research","Walker S;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;genetics;research;zoo;","IN FILE","35","41","","","Zoo's Print Ten Years","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1996_Indian_zoos_enter_21st_century_conservation_research.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1389","Semen analysis and cryopreservation of spermatozoa of Indian wild animals","","1996  ","","4IN;genetic analysis;in vitro fertilization;semen analysis;","IN FILE","43","50","","","Zoo's Print Ten Years","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Semen_analysis_and_cryopreservation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1390","Felidae","Ghose RK;Das PK;Agrawal VC;","1994  ","","4IN;characteristic;conservation;distribution;ecology;Felidae;habitat;measurement;population;Red List;threat;trade;","IN FILE","87","169","","","","","","The red data book on Indian animals","Ghose RK;","","Calcutta","Zoological survey of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ghose_et_al_1994_Endangered_Felidae_of_India.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1391","National Parks and Sanctuaries in India","","","","4IN;forest;Himachal Pradesh;National Park;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_National_parks_and_sanctuaries_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1392","Highly endangered tiger","Jackson P;","1995  ","","4IN;4MY;4VN;captive breeding;endangered species;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The tiger will be virtually extinct in the wild by 1999 unless India and the other range states declare open war on poachers and illegal traders and throw all the resources required into the battle. Some scattered individuals will remain and produce some young for a decade or two in the 21st century, but, in fact, we shall have seen the end of the tiger. A review of the situation in India and south-east Asia shows that poaching is accelerating, with well-organized illegal trade networks operating, sometimes with the connivance of officials. Actual seizures indicate that hundreds of tigers are being poached every year in India alone, primarily for traditional Chinese medicine.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1995_Highly_endangered_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1393","Poachers pursue Siberian tiger to Extinction","Specter M;","1995  ","","extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;poaching;","IN FILE","2","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Specter_1995_Poachers_pursue_Siberian_tiger_to_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"BILL","1394","Zoo Authority Act of the 1991 Amendments to the wildlife protection act","","1991 Sep 16 ","","Act;conservation;conservation strategy;nature reserve;wildlife;zoo;","IN FILE","38A","38J","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Zoo_Authority_Act_and_Wildlife_Protection_Act.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1395","Controversy: The poachers' flight","Srinivas A;","1993 Apr 11 ","","4IN;legislation;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","22","22","","","Sunday Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srinivas_1993_Poachers_flight.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1396","Forest staff on war path","Sethi L;","1993 Apr 19 ","","4IN;anti-poaching;conflict;forest;poaching;Ranthambore;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sethi_1993_Forest_staff_on_war_path.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1397","High flying poachers find new target","Rai U;","1993 Feb 19 ","","4IN;anti-poaching;poaching;tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","Indian Express","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rai_1993_High_flying_poachers_find_new_target.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1398","Deaths of tigress, leopards cause anxiety","","1993 May 2 ","","4IN;Bhopal;mortality;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;immobilization;","IN FILE","","","Bhopal - Capital Calling","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1993 Deaths of tigress leopards cause anxiety.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1399","Poachers in national parks going scot-free","","1993 Jun 14 ","","4IN;anti-poaching;National Park;nature reserve;poaching;tourism;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Poachers_in_national_parks_going_scot-free.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1400","Conservation of India Forests","Marcot BG;","1992 Mar ","","4IN;conservation;forest;forest management;human population increase;","IN FILE","12","16","Conservation Biology","","","","6","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marcot_1992_Conservation_of_Indian_forests.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1402","The Satpura Hypothesis: A biogeographical challenge to geology","Swan LW;","1993 Aug ","","4IN;biogeography;geology;Himalaya;Satpura Hypothesis;","IN FILE","141","156","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","90","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Swan_1993_Satpura_Hypothesis.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1403","Single - Animals in Indian Zoological Gardens","","1995 Jan ","","4IN;captive breeding;","IN FILE","15","20","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Animals_in_Indian_zoos.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1404","Luchs und Tourismus - Analyse und Richtlinien der Operative Projektleitung des Projektes LUNO","Robin K;Nigg H;","2002  ","","8CH;LUNO;Lynx lynx;public attitude;tourism;translocation;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","Bern","BUWAL","German","","","","","","","Large predators can be the principal magnet of (eco)tourism in certain regions, for example in East Africa. After the lynx reintroduction in the eastern Alps of Switzerland, different NGOs and the tourism sector were interested in organizing tours for tourists to observe the lynx, upsetting hunters and other factions. The present analysis of the situation proposes guidelines for a better coexistence between the project leaders of the reintroduction and tourism sector.","","","","","","","","Robin_&_Nigg_2002_Luchs_und_Tourismus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1405","Space use by lions, Panthera leo, in the Selous Game Reserve: social and ecological factors","Spong G;","2002  ","","1TZ;behavior;competition;cooperation;ecology;habitat selection;hunting behavior;lion;Panthera leo;predator-prey;Selous;social behavior;space use;spatial use;","IN FILE","303","307","Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","","","","52","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Habitat qualities, such as food supply or access to refuges, often influence home-range size. Furthermore, such qualitative differences usually lead to conspecific competition over space, which can be an important factor in determining the distribution of individuals within populations. In carnivores, patterns of resource dispersion are hypothesized to determine home range-size and group size. But in contests over space (or other resources), larger groups usually dominate smaller ones, and group size should therefore also affect homerange size. Here I describe the space use of lions, Panthera leo, in the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania, and ask whether space use is related to pride size, habitat, or relatedness. Home ranges varied in size, but size showed no correlation to number of adult females in the pride or to habitat type. Lions exhibited a significant preference for riverine and short-grass habitat, and a significant avoidance of acacia woodland. Habitat preference ratios largely reflected prey availability in each habitat. Outer areas, as well as core areas of home ranges, were often used by two or more prides. Overlaps showed no correlation to relatedness among prides or habitat type. Thus, whereas home-range sizes and overlaps were determined by factors that could not be revealed by demographic factors or analyses of habitat composition or genetic structure, lion space use within each home range seemed driven mostly by prey availability, which mainly varies with habitat type.","","","","","","","","Spong_2002_Space_use_by_lions_in_Selous_Game_Reserve_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1406","Wildlife conservation in India","Chakrabarti K;","1990  April-June","","4IN;conservation;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","22","27","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1990_Wildlife_conservation_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1407","The wildlife (protection) amendment bill, 1991: Scope and implications","Bist SS;","1990  July-Dec","","4IN;anti-poaching;captive breeding;conservation;legislation;poaching;wildlife;","IN FILE","22","25","Wildlife Institute of India Newsletter","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bist_1990_Scope_and_implications_of_wildlife_amendment_bill_1991_India.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1408","A simulation model for managing free-ranging lioon populations","Viljoen PC;Starfield AM;Whitman KL;","2002  ","","free-ranging;hunting (by human);management;model;Panthera leo;simulation;trophy hunting;wildlife mangement;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","African Lion Working Group (ALWG) Conference, Willem Pretorius Game Reserve, 9-10 May 2002","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Viljoen_et_al_2002_Simulation_model_for_managing_free-ranging_lioon_populations.pdf","","","",""
"BILL","1409","The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972","Sundaram KK;","1972 Sep 11 ","","4IN;Act;conservation;legislation;nature reserve;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","66","","","","","D 221","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sundaram_1972_Wild_Life_Protection_act.pdf","","","",""
"BILL","1410","The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1991","","1991 Aug 28 ","","4IN;Act;conservation;legislation;nature reserve;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","52","","","","","III-C","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Wild_Life_Protection_act.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1411","India's Silent Valley and Its Threatened Rain-forest Ecosystem","Singh JS;Singh SP;Saxena AK;Rawat YS;","1984  ","","4IN;conservation;construction project;ecosystem;Silent Valley;vegetation;","IN FILE","223","233","Environmental Conservation","","","","11","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_et_al_1984_Indias_Silent_Valley_and_Its_Threatened_Rain-forest_Ecosystem.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1412","Forest officials get fire power","Khan S;","1988 Oct 14 ","","4IN;anti-poaching;fire;forest;poaching;smuggling;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_1988_Forest_officials_get_fire_power.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1413","Rajasthan desert fast spreading","Katyal A;","1988 Oct 14 ","","4IN;desert;Rajasthan;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Katyal_1988_Rajasthan_desert_fast_spreading.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1414","The Trojan Panda","Roy SD;","1979 Nov 26 ","","4IN;imperialism;management;WWF;","IN FILE","26","34","Probe India","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roy_1979_Trojan_Panda.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1415","Tigers in Indian Zoos - An informal reportTiger Global Animal Survival Plan at Edinburgh Zoo","Walker S;","1992 Oct ","","4IN;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Studbook;zoo;","IN FILE","21","24","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1992_Tigers_in_Indian_zoos_-_An_informal_report.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1416","The Tiger - Extract from A HANDBOOK OF THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMALS IN CAPTIVITY IN LOWER BENGAL (1892)","Sanyal RB;","1992 Oct ","","4IN;Bengal;captive breeding;captivity;distribution;history;management;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","25","28","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanyal_1992_Management_of_tigers_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1417","Identification de la présence du Lynx boréal (Lynx lynx L.) dans les Vosges du Nord par la méthode des pièges à trace","Le Nuz E;","1999  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;method;monitoring;population size;status;track;Vosges;","IN FILE","161","175","Annales Scientifiques de la Reserve de la Biosphere des Vosges du Nord","","","","7","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Le_Nuz_1999_Lynx_tracking_in_the_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1418","Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors","Breitenmoser U;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Canis lupus;conservation strategy;Lynx lynx;predator;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","279","289","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","83","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The brown bear Ursus arctos, wolf Canis lupus, and Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx vanished during the 18th und 19th centuries from all regions of high human activity in Europe because of direct persecution und environmental changes. Bear, wolf, und lynx were vulnerable in different ways to deforestation and the destruction of wild ungulate populations. Analysing the ecological factors responsible for the fall of the large carnivores can help to prepare their recovery. The return of large predators into semi-natural areas such as the Alps is possible, as the forests have expanded, and the wild ungulate populations increased. Lynx reintroduction in the Alps started in the 1970s. Wolves returned to the south-western Alps from the central Italian population in the early 1990s. The brown bear is recolonising the Austrian Alps from Slovenia. However, the modern protective legislation is not backed by a cooperative attitude among the affected people. In rural areas, large carnivores are still regarded as unrestrained killers of wildlife und livestock. Ecological conditions and husbandry in the Alps have been altered substantially since the large carnivores were eradicated, and the potential for conflicts has diminished. But stockmen have lost any remaining tradition of coexistence with large predators, and sheep are again very abundant in the Swiss Alps. The return of the large predators will not be possible without changing the system of sheephusbandry. The rural people are not yet willing to do so. They generally object to any change in their lifestyle induced from outside, and the large predators become a negative symbol for restrictive conservation measures considered to hinder economic development. Nature conservation, including the reintegration of large predators, must be integrated into rural development; local people must be much more involved in this process.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_1998_Large_predators_in_the_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1419","Internal structure and patterns of contraction in the geographic range of the Iberian lynx","Rodriguez A;Delibes M;","2002  ","","8ES;8PT;distribution;extinction;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;population history;predator-prey;spatial use;","IN FILE","314","328","Ecography","","","","25","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","We use reports obtained in a field survey to characterize the internal structure, and to reconstruct the strong contraction in the geographic range of the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus during a 35-yr period. Lynx were distributed in one large central population surrounded by smaller peripheral ones. Abundance was autocorrelated, attained high values only in a few scattered sites mostly within the central population, and increased from west to east along major mountain chains. Abundance and occupancy were positively related. The strength of range contraction was similar in both large and small populations. We were able to date two peaks of local extinction, which were accompanied by many events of population fragmentation. We also identified five areas where local extinctions aggregated in space. Lynx relative abundance appeared to be site-specific, and the probability of local extinction decreased with increasing abundance. We suggest that sublethal deterministic factors operating with similar intensity all over the range, rather than in progression from a focal point, best explain the observed trajectory of contraction. Two factors that meet such characteristics may have had an outstanding role in lynx decline. One of them is myxomatosis, an introduced viral disease that decimated rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, the staple prey of the lynx. The other is related to the changes in land use prompted by extensive human emigration from the countryside 40 yr ago. Other stochastic or superimposed deterministic factors may have accounted for regional aggregation of local extinctions. The identification of these factors is very important to reverse the lasting decline of this endangered felid.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_&_Delibes_2002_Internal_structure_in_Iberian_lynx_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1420","Mortalité et captures de lynx Lynx lynx en France (1974-1998)","Stahl P;Vandel J;","1999  ","","8FR;capture;Lynx lynx;Lynx lynx lynx;mortality;","IN FILE","49","59","Mammalia","","","","63","","","1","","","French","","","","","","","The recovery of dead animals and incidental captures of live animals are reliable proofs of presence which may be collected on a large scale and at low cost when studying the distribution of rare and secretive species of large carnivores. We used the number of data collected per five-year period to study the long term population trend of re-introduced lynx populations in France. Causes of death and sex-ratio of the juveniles and adults-subadults found dead in the wild were also examined. From 1974 to 1998, 52 lynx were found dead or were wounded in France and 5 lynx were caught incidentally. In the Jura mountains, the number of data collected by five-year period increased regularly, from one in 1974-1978 to 20 in 1994-1998. This trend confirmed the settlement of the lynx in the Jura mountains concurrently with the geographical expansion of the species. In the Alps, a maximum of two data were collected per period. The last data was collected in 1990, which suggests that there is no well-established population. In the Vosges mountains, two to four data were collected per five-year period since the first re-introductions of lynx in 1983. This may well reflect the onset of colonization. In the Pyrénées, the absence of data for decades is linked with the extinction of the species. Causes of death were undetermined in six cases. Mortality was man-related, either directly or indirectly, in 83% of the cases (n=38). Mortality causes were road or train traffic (n= 26), illegal killing (n=10) or secondary poisoning by anticoagulants (n=2). Natural mortality factors were at the origin of 17% of the cases (n=8). The juvenile to adult-subadult ratio varied with the causes of death and captures. Juveniles were more frequent (75%) than adults-subadults in the cases of natural mortality. Adults-subadults were more frequent (60.5%) in cases of man-related mortality. The sex-ratio did not vary with the causes of death and captures and did not differ from 1:1 despite a trend in an over-representation of females (28:20).","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Vandel_1999_Mortalite_et_captures_de_lynx_en_France.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1421","Colonisation du massif Jurassien par le lynx (Lynx lynx) et impact sur les ongulés domestiques","Vandel J;Stahl P;","1998  ","","8FR;compensation;depredation;distribution;Eurasian lynx;Jura;livestock damage;livestock depredation;Lynx lynx;Ovis aries;population trend;status;","IN FILE","1161","1169","","Gibier Faune Sauvate, Game Wildl ","","","15","","","3","","","French","","","","","","","Colonisation of the Jura Mountains by the lynx (Lynx lynx) and its impact on domestic ungulates: From 1989 onwards, a network of lynx-specialised observers was set up in France by the Ministry of Environment in order (i) to expertise on lynx, Lynx lynx, damage to domestic animals, (ii) to settle compensation payments to farmers, and (iii) to collect data on the presence of the species for a permanent survey of its distribution. The first proof of presence of the lynx in the Jura mountains was recorded in 1974 The distribution area of the lynx increased from 1'000 km2 in 1974-1978 to nearly 8'000 km2 in 1989-1993. Nowadays, the area covers almost all the major forested areas of the Jura mountains. The first attack on sheep, Ovis aries, was recorded in 1984. From 1984 to 1996, a total of 928 attacks (confirmed or probable) were recorded. The number of attacks per year remained low until 1986, increased between 1987 and 1989, just after the colonisation of the lowest parts of the Jura mountains where sheep are more numerous. From 1991 onwards, the number of attacks stabilised at less than 100 attacks per year. The mean number of animals killed or wounded per confirmed attack was 1.7. Nearly 50% of the attacks were recorded in only ten different flocks (7% of the total number of flocks which were attacked). These high-damage areas covered 3% of the main range of lynx attacks estimated by the 90% minimum convex method (3'180 km2). These very local damage areas which often persisted for several years could have been the fact of very small number of lynx. The peak in the number of attacks is not a consequence of a dietary shift to domestic prey by the whole lynx population.","","","","","","","","Vandel_&_Stahl_1998_Colonisation_du_massif_Jurassien_par_le_lynx_et_impact_sur_les_ongules_domestiques.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1422","The Lynx Project - le projet lynx - Das Luchsprojekt","Breitenmoser U;","1990  ","","8CH;conflict;diet;distribution;home range;Lynx lynx;management;project;","IN FILE","1","43","","","","","","","","","","","English/French/German","","","","","","","The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is a medium-sized, spotted cat of the boreal or northern forest - therefore also called the boreal lynx. It is the largest species of the genus: Females have a weight of about 17 kg, males of about 25 kg. The northern hemisphere is populated by 4 lynx species: The bobcat and the Canadian lynx in the New World, the pardel lynx in Spain and the nominate form in the rest of Europe and in northern Asia. The boreal lynx is absent only in western and central Europe, though this region is a part of its natural range. This is because the lynx populations in this part of Europe have become extinct in recent centuries. Since 1970 several attempts to reintroduce the lynx to central and western Europe have been made. Some of the projects failed, but in Slovenia and in Switzerland small populations have developed. The reconstruction of the lynx population in Switzerland is therefore one of the few cases in the world of a successful reintroduction of a big predator.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_1990_Lynx_project.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1423","Degats de lynx: Le WWF Bouc Emissaire","WWF;","1989 Jun 30 ","","8FR;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;prevention;WWF;","IN FILE","1","2","Press release","","","","","","","","Versailles","WWF France","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1989_Degats_de_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1424","Dossier LynxCommissions d'ObservationCommissions d'ExpertiseFormation","Herrenschmidt V;Vandel J;","1989 Apr ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;monitoring;status;","IN FILE","1","68","","","","","","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The lynx has recolonized the Jura massif in the early 1970s and was re-introduced in the Vosges massif in 1983. This dossier was conceived to train people working for the observation commissions of the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage. It contains helpful information about the lynx, field and observation forms and report forms for livestock losses.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_&_Vandel_1989_Dossier_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1425","Premier bilan des dégats occasionnés par les lynx sur les troupeaux d'animaux domestiques de la chaine du Jura","Herrenschmidt V;Vandel J;","1989  ","French","8FR;Jura;livestock;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","","","","","Thannenkirch","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","-32676  ","","","","","Herrenschmidt_&_Vandel_1989_Premier_bilan_des_degats_occasionnes_par_les_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1426","The role of information in connection with the reintroduction of the lynx in the Vosges Massif","Herrenschmidt V;","1988 Jul 20 ","Steering committee for the conservation and management of the environment and natural habitatsDocumantation and information centre for the environment and nature","8FR;conservation;environment;habitat;public attitude;Lynx lynx;management;reintroduction;Vosges;lynx;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","(88) 12","National Agencies and Correspondents - 21st Annual Meeting, Strasbourg 26.-27. April 1988","","","Strasbourg","Council of Europe","English","","","","","DELA/Centre","","The following points are covered in this progress report: A brief summary of the various aims of the programme for reintroducing the lynx in the Vosges massif; the role played by information in this operation; the methods used to expand information; results obtained so far and future prospects.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_1988_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx_in_the_Vosges_Massif.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1427","Projet lynx - raport d'activité","Herrenschmidt V;","1987  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;status;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","21","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_1987_Project_lynx_France.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1428","Le Lynx, le point sur la colonisation naturelle du Jura et les premiers résultats du suivi scientifique des animaux réintroduits dans les Vosges","Herrenschmidt V;","1987  July-Aug","","8FR;Jura;Lynx lynx;recolonization;reintroduction;Vosges;","IN FILE","15","25","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","","","","115","","","French","","","","","","","Article on lynx history, a short description of the species in northeastern France, and the results of the scientific monitoring of the animals released in the Vosges Mts. With many maps.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_1987_Le_lynx_le_point_sur_la_colonisation_naturelle_du_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1429","Projet de protection des moutons contre les lynx","","","","8Eur;livestock damage prevention;Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","Les ateliers - Ecole nationale supérieur de création industrielle","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Protection_of_the_sheep_against_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1430","Livestock Protection Collar Q & A","","1986  ","","characteristic;livestock;livestock damage prevention;LP collar;","IN FILE","1","3","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Livestock_protection_collar_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1431","The Livestock Protection Collar","","1986  ","Pub Date unsure","characteristic;history;livestock;livestock damage prevention;LP collar;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Livestock_protection_collar.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1432","Chat forestier","Michelot J;","1991  ","","8CH;Felis silvestris;reintroduction;Rhone-Alpe;status;","IN FILE","48","48","","","","","","Les reintroductions animales en Rhone-Alpes","","2.1.1.1.","","Federation Rhone-Alpes de protection de la nature","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Michelot_1991_Reintroduction_of_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1433","Lynx boreal","Michelot J;","1991  ","","history;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;Rhone-Alpe;status;","IN FILE","49","55","","","","","","Les reintroductions animales en Rhone-Alpes","","2.1.2.2.","","Federation Rhone-Alpes de protection de la nature","French","","","","","","","In this paper, the author wants to put straight that the lynx was not reintroduced to the Rhônes-Alpes region but has colonized it from adjacent regions (Jura mountains, Switzerland), where it indeed was reintroduced in the early 1970. In an effort to raise public awareness of the lynx, the author shortly presents the biology and status of the species. He also enumerates the pros and cons of its reintroduction and gives some examples of failed and successful reintroduction projects. Finally, he shows what kind of damage was caused to domestic animals in the Ain region and how it is prevented.","","","","","","","","Michelot_1991_Reintroduction_of_Lynx_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1434","Andean mountain cat (Oreailurus jacobita) and other andean carnivores status in Ayacucho, Puno and Arequipa departments, Peru - Progress Report","Cossios MD;Madrid A;","2002  ","","2PE;distribution;monitoring;Oncifelis colocolo;Oreailurus jacobitus;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cossios_&_Madrid_2002_Andean_mountain_cat_and_other_carnivore_status_in_Peru.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1435","Diffuse par le prefet du Haut-Rhin le 18 Avril 1990","","1990  ","","78Eur;Haut-Rhin;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1436","La réintroduction du lynx se poursuit - Jacynthe lachée en foret de Ribeauvillé","Naegelen L;","1990  ","Pub Date unsure","8FR;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;Ribeauvill‚;","IN FILE","","","L'Alsace","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Naegelen_1990_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx_in_France.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1437","Le lynx et les chasseurs - Marc Jurd ne fait pas de fleur à Jacynthe","Naegelen L;","1990  ","","8FR;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","L'Alsace","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Naegelen_1990_Le_lynx_et_les_chasseurs.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1438","Réintroduction du lynx: Les chasseurs du Haut-Rhin désapprouvent...","","1990  ","","8FR;Haut-Rhin;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","DNA","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx_in_Haut-Rhin.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1439","Le lynx dans nos forets : Des questions...","","1990  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;Ribeauvill‚;","IN FILE","","","L'Alsace","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Lynx_in_the_forests_of_Alsace.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1440","Le lynx Jacynthe est mort","Gissy M;","1990  ","","8FR;Haut-Rhin;Lynx lynx;mortality;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","DNA","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gissy_1990_Lynx_Jacynthe_is_death.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1441","Renforcement de la population de lynx du massif vosgien","","","","8FR;Haut-Rhin;Lynx lynx;population;reintroduction;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Lynx_of_the_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1442","Le lynx d'Europe","","1990  ","","78Eur;distribution;history;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;morphology;reintroduction;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","Thannenkirch","Office national de la chasse","French","","","","","","","The presentation dossier gives information about the biology and the European distribution areas of the lynx. It also shortly presents the relationship between humans and the lynx since the Neolithic age. Finally, it relates the history of the lynx reintroduction in the Vosges massif.","","","","","","","","ONC_1990_Lynx_of_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1443","Abstract about the French lynx reintroduction","Herrenschmidt V;","1989  ","","8FR;Jura;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;Capreolus capreolus;territorial behaviour;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Thannenkirch","Office National de la chasse","English","","","","","","","European lynx reintroduction has come up on the scene these last twenty years. Some of those reintroductions have been successful, as the program conducted in Switzerland. This operation has resulted in a progressive colonisation y the lynx of few areas nearing the border, in the French Jura mountains and the northern Alps. Besides, a comprehensive reintroduction program of this cat has been conducted in France in the Vosges mountains. The first releases have taken place in 1983 when fourteen lynx have been freed, of which six are still alive today. Two cases of breeding have been ascertained. Data have been collected about the biological balance of animals released in an environment originally free of any presences; collected data are available since 1983. Allow me to give you, first, a short account of this release program;  We shall then detail the problems, which occurred due to the presence of the lynx in the Jura mountains, and the difficult coexistence of the cat with an economically weak sheep breeding.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_1989_French_lynx_reintroduction.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1444","Le lynx dans les Vosges, le Jura et les Alpes","Herrenschmidt V;Vandel J;","1990  ","","Alps;distribution;Jura;Lynx lynx;observation;Vosges;8FR;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","Thannenkirch","Office national de la chasse","French","","","","","","","This news bulletin from 1989 gives information about observations done in the Vosges and Jura massif as well as in the French Alps. In the Vosges massif, there were 3 certain observations and 14 observations without proofs. In the Jura massif, the lynx occupies about 5000 km2 and in the Alps, there was only one young female found.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_&_Vandel_1990_Lynx_in_the_Vosges_Jura_and_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1446","Mode d'occupation spatiotemporelle des Lynx, Lynx lynx L., introduits dans le massif vosgien: premiers résultats","Herrenschmidt V;Terrier G;","1984  ","English abstract","8FR;home range;Lynx lynx;telemetry;reintroduction;spatial use;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","3","Acta Biologica Montana","","","","4","","","","","","French","","","","","","","The radiotracking of live of the six lynxes reintroduced in the Vosges seems to show, through preliminary results, that the 3 males and 2 females successively and individually visit areas irregularly distributed in the space within an outstreched home-range (400 km2 so far). On these areas the diurnal resting places are not permanent, but may shelter the animals for several consecutive days. No difference appeared between the sexes in the way of occupying the space.","","","","","","","","Herrenschmidt_&_Terrier_1984_Mode_d_occupation_spatiotemporelle_des_lynx_introduits_dans_le_massif_vosgien.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1447","Le lynx: cas de réintroduction d'un superprédateurEtude de casColloque: Reintroduction et soutien de population d'espèces animales, Saint-Jean du Gard","Herrenschmidt V;","1988 Oct 30 ","French","8FR;Jura;Lynx lynx;population;reintroduction;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","20","","","","","","","","","Paris","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","1988 Dec 6 ","","","","","Herrenschmidt_1988_Le_lynx_-_cas_de_reintroduction_d_un_superpredateur.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1448","Lynx reintroduction in Kampinoski Natural Park, Poland","Blomqvist L;Reklewski J;Mikkola J;","1999  ","","7PL;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","29","36","Helsinki Zoo Annual Report","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_et_al_1999_Lynx_reintroduction_in_Poland.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1449","Hemis High Altitude National Park","","","","4IN;Hemis High Altitude National Park;nature reserve;nature reserve design;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Leh, Ladkh","Jammu & Kashmir Dept. of Wildlife Protection, Snow Leopard Conservancy","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Hemis_High_Altitude_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1450","Zur Raumorganisation der in den Schweizer Alpen wiederangesiedelten Population des Luchses Lynx lynx","Haller H;Breitenmoser U;","1986  ","German, English abstract","8CH;density;Alps;capture;diet;forest;home range;Lynx lynx;mating;mating season;population;prey;radio collar;telemetry;reintroduction;spatial organization;Valais;","IN FILE","289","311","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","51","","","5","","","German","","","","","","","Tracked 10 lynxes (Lynx lynx) which were captured and fitted with radio collars. The study was made between 1983 and 1985, 10+ years after the reintroduction. In the northern Alps, where the lynx population was first established, the home range sizes of four adults varied from 450 km2 to 275 km2 for males, and 135 km2 to 96 km2 for females. In the Valais (central Alps), near the present border of the expanding population, an adult female was tracked on 46 km2. Occasionally, lynxes roamed outside their home ranges (especially males during the mating season). Including all locations one male ranged over 1860 km2. The home range of one female was overlapped almost completely by that of a male. A young female dispersed and lived on only 5 km2 for more than three months in a valley not used by lynxes before. Probably, lynxes capture easy prey in new areas and can live on small home ranges. While the ungulates gradually adapt to the presence of lynxes, the space requirements increase. At present, the lynx occurs in the northern Alps mainly in large (over 500 km2) forest areas where we estimate the populations density at about 1 adult animal per 85 km2.","","","","","","","","Haller_&_Breitenmoser_1986_Zur_Raumorganisation_der_wiederangesiedelten_Population_des_Luchses.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1451","Variation in daily activity of the free-living Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland","Schmidt K;","1999  ","","7PL;activity;breeding season;diet;Eurasian lynx;feeding behavior;forest;Lynx lynx;mating season;","IN FILE","417","425","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","249","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The pattern of daily activity of the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx L. was studied by radio-telemetry in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest (eastern Poland). Radio-tracking of 18 lynx was done by 24-h continuous observations and by sampling on a daily basis. Lynx were active mostly at night. There was generally one peak of activity between 15:00 and 07:00 which, however, decreased slightly between 20:00 and 22:00. On average, lynx were moving for 6.5 h/day. In males, 73% of locomotory activity occurred at night, whereas females were active as long during the daylight as during the night. Movement bouts of females were shorter than those of males (1.1 h vs 2.1 h) but more frequent (4.2 vs 3.0 bouts/day). General patterns of activity of females with and without kittens were similar. However, females with kittens were active twice as long per day than non-reproducing females. In May±August (intensive care for kittens), reproducing females were active 26% longer than in September±April. Non-reproducing females showed the opposite pattern; they were active 60% less in May±August compared with September±April. Locomotory activity of adult males was 30±70% longer in January±March (mating season) than in other seasons. The pattern of lynx activity was shaped predominantly by searching for and consuming large prey. The lynx were active for the longest time during the days when they searched for prey but made no kill (12.5 h/day on average) and for the shortest time on the first day after killing a deer (1.6 h/day). Their moving activity increased steadily in the following days, reaching 6.8 h/day on the fourth day of consuming a killed deer. Ambient temperatures and rainfall did not significantly affect lynx activity, but there was little movement most of the time in heavy rain, and all day when the temperature was above 30 8C.","","","","","","","","Schmidt_1999_Daily_activity_of_the_Eurasian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1452","Patterns of Postnatal Development in Skulls of Lynxes, Genus Lynx (Mammalia: Carnivora)","Garcia-Perea R;","1996  ","","Carnivora;craniometry;Lynx canadensis;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Lynx rufus;Mammalia;morphology;ontogenesis;osteology;skull;","IN FILE","241","254","Journal of Morphology","","","","229","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Studies on ossification patterns and other ontogenetic events associated with postnatal cranial growth of wild felids are scarce. An analysis of developmental processes undergone by several cranial structures (presphenoidal and sphenooccipital synchondroses, temporal and sagittal crests, and deciduos and permanent teeth) during postnatal growth has been conducted on a sample of 336 specimens belonging to the four Recent species of lynxes (Lynx pardinus, Lynx lynx, Lynx rufus, and Lynx canadensis). Age has been estimated based on tooth replacement, skull size, and by counting the annual lines of cementum growth. Comparison of the results obtained for each of the four species reveal (1) a single pattern for both tooth replacement and ossification of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis, (2) two ossification patterns for the presphenoidal synchondrosis, (3) a common pattern for development of temporal ridges and sagittal crest showing different degrees of morphological expression, and (4) evidence suggesting the involvement of a heterochronic process, neoteny, in the morphological differentiation of several populations and species of the genus Lynx. These data also support the hypothesis that processes involved in the replacement of carnassials are based on functional requirements.","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_1996_Skull_development_in_lynxes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1453","Maternal behaviour and juvenile dispersal in the Eurasian lynx","Schmidt K;","1998  ","","7PL;behavior;corridor;dispersal;Eurasian lynx;Lynx lynx;maternal care;telemetry;","IN FILE","391","408","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","43","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Lynx lynx maternal behaviour and dispersal pattern were studied by radiotelemetry in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest, E Poland from 1992-1995. From June- July, 2 females with kittens used 1-4 dens per month, for 5 to 33 days each. Consecutively used dens were 1-3 km apart and were located in inaccessible places. Female movements were concentrated around the den at this time. Mothers left their kittens and returned to them, on average, 3 times per day. Mean time of female's absence from the den was 4 h 20 min. Mean den attendance averaged 4 hours. In August, kittens began to accompany their mother. At this time, each den was used for 2-3 days only and the distances between consecutive dens were 0.5-2 km. Dens were situated in places where a female killed large prey. In August, a female spent an average of 12 h 50 min with kittens, alternating with 4-h of absence. Subadults dispersed at 9-11 months of age, immediately after separation from their mothers. Four subadult males dispersed for 11, 39, 62 and 129 km from their natal ranges. Two subadult females dispersed for 5 and 9 km. Lynx that moved the farthest distances covered most of their routes during the first two months of dispersal, when they moved 20-32 km/month, compared to 3-11 km/month in the later period. Distant emigrations of two adult lynx (55 km by a male and 120 km by a female) were also recorded. Directions and routes of lynx dispersal and emigration were related to the contemporary distribution and availability of woodlands and forest corridors.","","","","","","","","Schmidt_1998_Maternal_behaviour_and_dispersal_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1454","The evolution of lynxes","Werdelin L;","1981  ","","Caracal caracal;evolution;Lynx canadensis;Lynx issiodorensis;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Lynx rufus;Lynx shansius;phylogeny;prehistoric;subspecies;","IN FILE","37","71","","Annales Zoologici Fennici","","","18","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The intra- and interspecific variation of certain felid species belonging to, or morphologically related to, the genus Lynx is studied with the help of bivariate and multivariate statistical methods. With this as a base, the major evolutionary patterns within Lynx are outlined and interpreted. The genus Lynx is considered to be of African origin. Its earliest occurrence is early or mid Pliocene. This species, L. issiodorensis, had lynx-like dental features, but skeletally resembled Felis. It migrated into the Northern Hemisphere and gave rise to several species. In Europe, L. pardina is a direct descendant of L. issiodorensis. This transition is found to have involved a gradual reduction in size and relative lengthening of Mi, through the intermediates L.i. valdamensis (ssp. n.) and L.p. spelaea. In Asia, L. issiodorensis gave rise to L. lynx. This latter species migrated into Europe and North America, on the latter continent giving rise to L. canadensis. The differences between L. lynx and its ancestor and descendant are studied and interpreted. In North America, L. issiodorensis gave rise to L. rufus. The first appearance of Lynx in North America coincides with a postulated 2.6 Ma. mammalian dispersal event. Other Blancan Lynx species are reviewed. L. compressus is incorporated into L. rufus, while L. calcaratus is separated into two groups, one incorporated into L. rufus, and the other tentatively into F. yaguaroundi. The caracal differs considerably from Lynx, particularly in the relative size of the postorbital constriction. No evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between Caracal and Lynx has been found. Very little sexual dimorphism was found in Lynx. Geographical variation was also found to be small, and it is suggested that the subspecies of recent Lynx are in need of thorough revision.","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1981_Evolution_of_lynxes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1455","Molecular identification of prey in predator diets","Symondson WOC;","2002  ","","diet;electrophoresis;faecal analysis;faecal DNA;identification;method;monoclonal antibody;PCR;polyclonal;predator;predator-prey;prey;","IN FILE","641","","Molecular Ecology","","","","11","","","627","","","English","","","","","","","In many situations prey choice by predators in the field cannot be established or quantified using direct observation. The remains of some prey may be visually identified in the guts and faeces of predators but not all predators ingest such hard remains and even those that do consume them may also ingest soft-bodies prey that leave no recognizable remnants. The result is, at best, a biased picture of prey choice. A range of molecular techniques and applications are reviewed that allow prey remains to be identified, often to the species and even stage level. These techniques, all of which are still in use, include enzyme electrophoresis, a range of immunological approaches using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to detect protein epitopes, and recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for detecting prey DNA. Analyses may be postmortem, on invertebrate and vertebrate predators collected from the field, or noninvasive assays of the remains in regurgitated bird pellets or vertebrate faeces. It was concluded that although monoclonal antibodies are currently the most effective method in use today, PCR-based techniques have proved to be highly effective and versatile in recent laboratory trials and are likely to rapidly displace all other approaches.","","","","","","","","Symondson_2002_Molecular_identification_of_prey_in_predators.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1456","Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland","Okarma H;Jedrzejewski W;Schmidt K;Kowalczyk R;Jedrzejewska B;","1997  ","","Capreolus capreolus;Cervus elaphus;deer;diet;forest;kill rate;Lynx lynx;predation;prey selection;ungulate;","IN FILE","203","224","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","42","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Okarma_et_al_1997_Predation_of_lynx_on_deer.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1457","On the skull of a lynx, Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758), found in the Roman castellum at Valkenburg, Porvince of Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands","van Bree PJH;Clason AT;","1971  ","","8NL;craniometry;Lynx lynx;prehistoric;skull;","IN FILE","130","135","Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde","","","","41","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","The authors report on the almost complete skull of a Lynx, Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) found during excavation of a Roman castellum at Valkenburg, Province of Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands in 1962. Photographs and measurements of the skull are presented as well as a review of the Lynx remains found in European settlements from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages.","","","","","","","","Van_Bree_&_Clason_1971_Skull_of_Lynx_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1458","Urine marking in the European lynx (Felis lynx L.)","Naidenko SV;Serbenyuk MA;","1995  ","","7RU;behavior;communication;Lynx lynx;marking behavior;urine marking;","IN FILE","13","20","Lutreola","","","","","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Naidenko_&_Serbenyuk_1995_Urine_marking_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1459","The reliability of using population viability analysis for risk classification of species","Taylor BL;","1995  ","","conservation strategy;endangered species;extinction risk;method;model;Population Viability Analysis;PVA;Red List;risk assessment;","IN FILE","551","558","Conservation Biology","","","","9","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","I examine whether or not it is appropriate to use extinction probabilities generated by population viability analyses based on best estimates for model parameters as criteria for listing species in Red Data Book categories as recently proposed by the World Conservation Union. Such extinction probabilities are influenced by how accurately model parameters are estimated and by how accurately the models depict actual population dynamics. I evaluate the effect of uncertainty in parameter estimation through simulations. Simulations based on Steller sea lions were used to evaluate bias and precision in estimates of probability of extinction and to consider the performance of two proposed classification schemes. Extinction time estimates were biased (because of violation of the assumption of stable age distribution) and underestimated the variability of probability of extinction for a given time (primarily because of uncertainty in parameter estimation). Bias and precision in extinction probabilities are important when these probabilities are used to compare the risk of extinction between species. Suggestions are given for population viability analysis techniques that incorporate parameter uncertainty. I conclude that testing classification schemes with simulations using quantitative performance objectives should precede adoption of quantitative listing criteria.","","","","","","","","Taylor_1995_Reliability_of_population_viability_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1460","Recognition by the European Lynx (Lynx lynx, Felidae, Carnivora) of the Species and Sex and Age of Conspecific, Familiar, and Unfamiliar individuals According ot Urinary Odors","Sokolov VE;Naidenko SV;Serbenyuk MA;","1996  ","","behavior;captive breeding;Carnivora;communication;Felidae;Lynx lynx;marking behavior;urine marking;","IN FILE","476","481","Biology Bulletin","","","","23","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sokolov_et_al_1996_Recognition_by_the_European_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1461","Food habit and diet of the lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe","Nowicki P;","1997  ","","78Eur;diet;feeding behavior;Lynx lynx;prey selection;","IN FILE","","","Journal of Wildlife Research","","","","2","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Literature data on the food habits of the lynx from numerous European localities have been analyzed. The results of the comparison revealed that the primary prey of the lynx were small ungulates, usually roe deer, followed in order of importance by large ungulates. Lagomorphs were an important food item in northernmost localities, whereas tetranoid birds in boreal and alpine forests. The share of rodents, insectivores, small predators and domestic animals seemed insignificant. The relatively small body size of the lynx, competition with other predators, scavenging pressure and freezing prey carcasses were discussed as potential reasons for lynx preference for small ungulates. With regard to the considerable lack of data from the summer season and several European regions as well as the fact that most of the reviewed studies have underestimated the share of small prey in lynx diet, the need for further thorough research into the feeding habits of the predator has been stressed.","","","","","","","","Nowicki_1997_Food_habits_and_diet_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1462","The Scandinavian lynx project - Report 1997","Andren H;Andersen R;Ahlqvist P;Kvam T;Liberg O;Lindén M;Odden J;Overskaug K;Linnell JDC;Sergerstroem P;","1997  ","","8NO;8SE;8SF;Lynx lynx;poaching;population size;population trend;project;radio collar;telemetry;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Andren_et_al_1997_Scandinavian_lynx_project.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1463","Spatial organization and social relations in the Eurasian lynx population in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland","Schmidt K;Jedrzejewski W;Okarma H;","1997  ","","7PL;forest;home range;Lynx lynx;population;telemetry;social system;spatial organization;","IN FILE","289","312","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","42","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The home range size, spacing pattern and intraspecific relations in the lynx Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (eastern Poland), in 1991-1996. Eighteen lynx (11 males and 7 females) were captured and radio-collared. The mean autumn-winter home range size was 165 km2 for males and 94 km2 for females. In spring-summer, it was 143 and 55 km2, respectively. The mean life-time home ranges were 248 km2 for males and 133 km2 for females. Male home range size did not change significantly between autumn-winter and spring-summer seasons, however, their ranges increased by 40-90% just before and during the mating season (December-March). The home range of females in the autumn-winter season was almost twice as large compared with the spring-summer period (94 vs 55 km2). The smallest home ranges were observed in breeding females during the two months after parturition (10 km2) and these grew until the following spring. The home ranges calculated for 5-month periods shifted on average 4 km in adult males, 2.7 in adult females and 4.7 km in subadult males. One of the farthest shifts in the adult male range (8.7 km) was explained by the death of a neighbouring resident. The average overlap between adult males' ranges was 30%, while those between females was 6%. The largest overlap occurred between adult males and females (62%) as well as between adult and subadult males (75%). The lynx showed a tendency to avoid each other. The average distance between neighbouring adult males was 11.6 km, and they were never found closer than 1 km to each other. The average distance between neighbouring females was 8.1 km. Besides a few meetings between males and females (during and outside the mating season), they were located separately (4.4 km from each other, on average). In 93% of the cases an adult female was recorded with her dependent kittens. It was concluded that home range size and spacing pattern in male lynx depend on the distribution of females, whereas spacing in females was determined by food-related factors.","","","","","","","","Schmidt_et_al_1997_Spatial_organization_in_the_Eurasian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1464","Reintroduction of the European lynx (Lynx lynx) to the Kampinoski Nationalpark/Poland - a field experiment with zooborn individuals Part I: Selection, adaption and training","Boer M;Smielowski J;Tyrala P;","1994  ","","7PL;captive breeding;field experiment;Lynx lynx;pre-release training;reintroduction;zoo;","IN FILE","366","378","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","64","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","2 males and 5 females European lynxes (Lynx lynx), captive born, motherreared and subadult, were transfered from Zoo Hannover, Tiergarten Nürnberg and Wildpark Nindorf to the Kampinoski Nationalpark/Poland for a reintroduction project. The first part of the documentation of the project describes the ecological and ethological background and excerpts of a position paper, which was officially accepted by the Polish nature conservation authorities. Then reintroduction is performed gradually in different phases. The specimens selected for the project were chosen due to genetic, phenotypical, geographic aspects, age and sex ratio. The enclosures in the adaptation area are described as well as the radiotelemetric system, the public relation work, finances as well as sponsoring activities for the project. All lynxes adapted well to their enclosures at the Krzywa Gora reserve, used to feed on meat of prospective prey species and were able to catch and kill small bird and mammal species efficiently, almost without training and lack of experience in their former zoo life. Flight distances toward humans increased steadily in all individuals during a period of 6 - 12 months after transfer. These preliminary results indicate the beginning of a process of becoming wild.","","","","","","","","Boer_et_al_1994_Reintroduction_of_the_European_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1465","Reintroduction of the European lynx (Lynx lynx) to the Kampinoski Nationalpark/Poland - a field experiment with zooborn individuals Part II: release phase: procedures, and activities of the lynxes during the first year after","Boer M;Smielowski J;Tyrala P;","1995  ","","78Eur;7PL;activity;captive breeding;field experiment;Lynx lynx;method;reintroduction;release;zoo;","IN FILE","333","342","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","65","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","Seven lynxes (Lynx lynx) were released to the Kampinoski Nationalpark area after several months of adaptation and training during late winter/springtime in 1994. All specimens were zooborn, motherreared and not socially imprinted on man. Lynxes were equipped with radiocollars and received antiparasitic treatment as well as vaccinations against rabies and parvovirosis before release. All lynxes hunted prey up to roe deer size or even domestic cats. Roe deer kills were consumed almost completely except claws and bones of front and hind legs. Territories were established within a few months, had the size of about 13 - 40 qkm and were slightly overlapping only between sexes. Two specimens died due to traffic accidents. At least two, probably three females reared offspring after release in the park area. At the end of this report period the exact number of surviving yearlings is not known, probably three are still alive. One of them had splendid condition. One adult female trespassed 70 km south of Kampinoski to the Bolimowski forest nature reserve where she hunts for fallow deer.","","","","","","","","Boer_et_al_1995_Reintroduction_of_the_European_lynx2.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1466","Lynx - Re-introduction News","Smielowski J;","1996 Sep ","","7PL;habitat;Lynx lynx;telemetry;reintroduction;","IN FILE","18","19","Re-Introduction News","","","","","","","12","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smielowski_1996_Reintroduction_News_Lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1467","Re-Introduction of lynx to Kampinos National Park - A comment","Okarma H;","1996  ","","7PL;captive breeding;genetics;Kampinoski National Park;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","","","Re-Introduction News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Okarma_1996_Re-Introduction_of_lynx_in_Poland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1468","An observation of lynx in Nepal","Fox JL;","1985  ","","4NP;Lynx lynx;observation;sighting;","IN FILE","394","394","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","82","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_1985_Observation_of_lynx_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1469","Leopard Ecology as Studied by Radio tracking","Bertram BCR;","1982  ","","1TZ;diet;ecology;home range;niche;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;telemetry;Serengeti;tracking;","IN FILE","341","352","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","","","","49","Oxford","The Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","Three leopards were radio tracked in the northern Serengeti over a total of 12 leopard months. Great care was taken to get and keep the animals easily observable. Comparison was possible with radio tracked lions in precisely the same area at the same time. An adult female leopard occupied a range (probably a territory) of 15.9 km2, 57 % as big as the territory of the largely co-resident lion pride of four females. Leopards fed on a wider range of prey species than lions, with little overlap; separation was mainly on the basis of size.","","","","","","","","Bertram_1982_Leopard_Ecology_as_Studied_by_Radio_tracking.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1470","Status of the lynx (Felis lynx) - Subspecies","Holloway CW;","1975 Nov 26 ","","distribution;Lynx lynx;Lynx lynx dinniki;Lynx lynx isabellinus;Lynx lynx lynx;Lynx lynx wrangeli;Lynx pardinus;status;subspecies;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Holloway_1975_Lynx_subspecies.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1471","Reintroduction of the Northern lynx (Lynx lynx) into the Kampinoski National Park","Tyrala P;Smielowski J;","1993 Apr 18 ","","7PL;captive breeding;Kampinoski National Park;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyrala_&_Smielowski_1993_Reintroduction_of_the_Northern_lynx_in_Poland.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1472","Reintroduction of the Northern lynx (Lynx lynx) into the Kampinoski National Park - Comments","Dittrich L;Stehlik J;","1993  ","","7PL;captive breeding;Kampinoski National Park;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dittrich_&_Stehlik_1993_Reintroduction_of_the_Northern_lynx_in_Poland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1473","Supernumerary teeth in Lynx lynx and the irreversibility of evolution","Werdelin L;","1987  ","","evolution;Lynx lynx;morphology;teeth;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","259","266","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","211","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Supernumerary dental elements have been reported in Lynx lynx by several authors. These features have been given different evolutionary interpretations by different commentators. I note here that, since these features are absent in the plesiomorphic sister-groups of L. lynx, they represent a true evolutionary reversal. If they were simply a retention of an evolutionarily older phenotype, we should expect to see them developed in at least one plesiomorphic sister-group. Such development of a previously hidden character can occur if it is genetically linked to features selected for, until it becomes phenotypically expressed, whereupon selection can act on the character itself. Since Dollo's law, which is the theoretical issue behind the present discussion, is not a law, but a rule, and, like all rules based on probabilitie, we should expect to find exceptions in the fossil record. Such exceptions are not rare, but few are as spectacular as the present one, in which the redeveloped feature is at least phenotypically identical with one which has been lost in the Felidae since the Miocene.","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1987_Lynx_teeth_and_irreversible_evolution.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1474","The relationships of Lynx shansius Teilhard","Kurtén B;Werdelin L;","1984  ","","evolution;Lynx issiodorensis;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Lynx shansius;measurement;taxonomy;","IN FILE","129","133","","Annales Zoologici Fennici","","","21","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A sample of specimens of Lynx shanius Teilhard has been compared to similar samples of L. lynx from Sweden and Finland, L. pardina from Spain, and L. issiodorensis from Etouaires. Results show that L. shanius is only subspecifically distinct from L. issiodorensis. No conclusions can be drawn concerning the evolution of L. lynx on the basis of L. shanius.","","","","","","","","Kurten_&_Werdelin_1984_Relationships_of_Lynx_shansius.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1475","A protected areas network for Amur tiger conservation in Khabarovski Krai, Russian Far East","","2002  ","","7RU;conservation;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society, Hornocker Wildlife Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WCS_2002_Protected_areas_network_for_Amur_tiger_ conservation_in_Russian_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1476","Neues vom Luchs in Kärnten (Teil 2)Luchsgruppe Kärnten / Institut für Wildbiologie und Jagdwirtschaft - Boku Wien","Huber T;","1992  ","","8DE;diet;home range;K„rnten;Lynx lynx;telemetry;reintroduction;spatial organization;","IN FILE","","","Kärntner Jäger","","","","","","","79","","","German","","","","","","","The lynx becomes more and more frequent in Kaernten (Austria). As a consequence, he colonizes new regions outside his core regions. The author here describes where the lynx migrates and expands. He also relates the first experiences made within the frame of a radio-telemetry study in Kaernten.","","","","","","","","Huber_1992_Neues_vom_Luchs_in_Kaernten.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1477","Acoustic communication in the genus Lynx (Mammalia: Felidae) - comparative survey and phylogenetic interpretation","Peters G;","1987 Nov ","","communication;Felidae;Lynx lynx;Lynx rufus;Mammalia;phylogeny;survey;","IN FILE","315","330","Bonner zoologische Beitraege","Bonn zool Beitr ","","","38","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Peters_1987_Acoustic_communication_in_lynxes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1478","Beiträge zur Geschichte der Säugetierfauna der DDRTeil 2: Der Luchs (Lynx lynx Linné 1758)","Butzeck S;Stubbe M;Piechocki R;","1988  ","","7DD;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","144","168","Hercynia N F ","","","","25","","","2","","","German","","","","","","","A  total  of  164  historically authentic references to lynxes in the present  territory  of East Germany was analyzed. It was attempted to trace   the   regression   in  lynx  distribution.  This  process  is characterized  especially in the 17th and 18th century by splintering of  the  area  of  distribution.  The  last  islands  of distribution disappeared  in  the  late 18th century. No references to lynxes were found  in  the  next  150  yrs,  until temporary resettlements in the Dugbener  Heide  and the Elbsandstein region reappeared in the second half  of  the  20th  century.  This occurrence was explained based on population  dynamic laws and geographic factors. The triggers for the regression  were changes in the habitat, which were already in effect between  the  8th  and  12th  centuries (cultivation), and relentless hunting of the European big cats.","","","","","","","","Butzeck_et_al_1988_Beitraege_zur_Geschichte_der_Saeugetierfauna_der_DDR_Teil_2_-_Der_Luchs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1479","Die Wiedereinbuergerung des Luchses in Bayern - Oekologische Bewertung der Aussetzungsgebiete","Kluth S;Wotschikowsky U;Schroeder W;","1989 Apr ","","8DE;Bayern;ecological requirement;history;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","WGM Wildbiologische Gesellschaft Muenchen","German","","","","","","","The Wildbiologische Gesellschaft München tested four different areas in Bayern (Bayrischer Wald, Allgäu, Oberland and Berchtesgadener Land) for their adequacy for a lynx reintroduction. All four areas proved to be adequate, since there were enough forest areas and preys. They nevertheless were not big enough to support a viable lynx population. The author therefore recommends to connect the future lynx areas to already existing ones.","","","","","","","","Kluth_et_al_1989_Die_Wiedereinbuergerung_des_Luchses_in_Bayern.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1480","Der Luchs in Europa","Wotschikowsky U;","1985 Feb ","","78Eur;conservation;distribution;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;status;","IN FILE","1","4","Mitteilungen aus der Wildforschung","","","","","","","51","München","Wildbiologische Gesellschaft München","German","","","","","","","The author here shortly presents the status of lynx in Europe, its threats and conservation.","","","","","","","","Wotschikowsky_1985_Der_Luchs_in_Europa.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1481","Review of the resettlement of lynx (Lynx lynx L.) in Slovenia (YU) in 1973-1990","Cop J;","1990  ","","7SI;history;Lynx lynx;recolonization;lynx;male;female;evolution;population;research;nutrition;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In 1973, 6 lynxes, 3 males and 3 females, were released in Slovenia. The author here describes the evolution of the lynx population from the resettlement to 1990. Interestingly, research was conducted from the first day of resettlement to retrace their expansion and nutrition.","","","","","","","","Cop_1990_Resettlement_of_lynx_in_Slovenia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1482","Beaucoup de lynx périssent jeunes","Kaczensky P;","1993  ","","8CH;Lynx lynx;mortality;","IN FILE","1","4","Mitteilungen aus der Wildforschung","","","","125","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kaczensky_1993_Beaucoup_de_lynx_perissent_jeunes.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1483","Lynx survey in Nubra valley, Ladakh","Chundawat RS;","1990  ","","4IN;density;distribution;Himalaya;Ladakh;Lynx lynx;Lynx lynx isabellinus;survey;","IN FILE","42","44","WII Newsletter","","","","5","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chundawat_1990_Lynx_survey_in_Nubra_valley_Ladakh.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1484","The Norwegian lynx Lynx lynx population in the 1970's","Heggberget TM;Myrberget S;","1980  ","","8NO;distribution;Eurasian lynx;history;Lynx lynx;population;population trend;status;","IN FILE","29","33","Fauna norvegica","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Information on Lynx distribution and population variation was gathered from municipal Game Boards throughout the country. Permanent populations occurred in all parts of Norway in the 1970s. Compared with the 1960s, the lynx had expanded southwards and westwards in southern Norway, while the distribution in northern Norway was little changed. An increase of the total Norwegian lynx population is indicated. Hunting statistics do not, however, reflect the assumed population increase. Only a small part of the annual mortality seems to be caused by hunting. The relationship between population status, and food availability is discussed.","","","","","","","","Heggberget_1980_Norwegian_lynx_population_in_the_70s.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1485","What do real population dynamics tell us about minimum viable population sizes?","Thomas CD;","1990  ","","conservation strategy;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","324","327","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thomas_1990_Real_population_dynamics_and_minimum_viable_population_sizes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1486","La lince nell' Appennino CentraleParco Nazionale d'Abruzzo: Importanza biogeografica e problemi di conservazione","Tassi F;","1990  ","","8IT;conservation;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","655","678","Contributi scientifici alla conoscenza del Parco Nazionale d'Abruzo","","","","","","","","","","Italian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tassi_1990_Lynx_in_the_Appennine.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1487","Il ritorno del lupo cerviero","Tassi F;","1991 May ","originally Italian, only English translation digital","78Eur;8IT;history;Lynx lynx;recolonization;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","Panda Magazin","","","","25","","","5","Roma","WWF","Italian","","","","","","","The author here discusses the return of lynx to Europe and especially to Italy. In the eastern Italian Alps, there were some observations made indicating the possible return of lynx, whereas in the Apennines the presence of lynx is highly uncertain.","","","","","","","","Tassi_1991_Return_of_the_Cervine-wolf.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1488","Loinventering Jämtlands län 1991","Hjelm K;","1991  ","English translation see ID 1509: Hjelm_1991_Monitoring_of_the_status_of_the_Lynx_in_Jaemtland.pdf","8SE;Eurasian lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;status;track;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","Stockholm","Naturskydds föreningen","Swedish","","","","","","","After 4 weeks of tracking lynx with Snowmobile over 3 000km, covering an area of totally 10 000km2, we could verify at least 4 reproductive units. The total population was estimated to 38-74 animals - a very rough estimate.","","","","","","","","Hjelm_1991_Loinventering_Jaemtlands_laen_1991.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1489","Survey of the distribution of populations of the genus lynx in Europe","Kratochvil J;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","78Eur;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;population;survey;","IN FILE","5","12","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The process of disappearance of the lynx is drawn in general; the latest occurrence of this carnivore is evidenced in those countries in which it had been extinct (J. Kratochvil); changes in the area of its distribution in Europe are described (N.K. Verescagin, S.V. Kirikov). We are relatively well informed on the process of disappearance of the lynx from W. Europe, especially in France, as summarized in a paper (by M-Ch. Saint Girons) in this report. In this volume, the process of disappearance of the lynx in S. Europe is illustrated in the papers by A. Toschi and N. Atanasov, and in C. Europe in those by J. Kratochvil and F. Vala. The reasons are discussed of the extermination of the lynx in the cultivated areas of many European countries, as well as the possibility for its conservation in countries of its present occurrence.","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1490","History of the lynx area","Verescagin NK;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","78Eur;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;population;","IN FILE","13","14","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1491","Rapport sur la disparition du Lynx en France","Saint Girons MC;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","8FR;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","15","16","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1492","Rapport sur la disparition du Lynx en Italy","Toschi A;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","8IT;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","17","24","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1493","Der Luchs (Lynx lynx L.) in Bulgarien","Atanasov N;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","8BG;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","25","32","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1494","History of the lynx in Hungary","Kratochvil J;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","7HU;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","33","34","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1495","History of occurence of the lynx in Bohemia and Moravia","Kratochvil J;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","7CS;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","35","48","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1496","Decrease in the area of the lynx on the European territory of the Soviet Union in the course of the 17th - 19th century","Kirikov SV;","1968  ","in RefID 1488: History of the distribution of lynx in Europe","7RU;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","49","51","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kratochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_distribution_of_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1497","Histoire d'un lynx 'assoiffé de sang' et de l'usage fait de certains récits","Olivieri G;","1996 Jan 20 ","","8CH;attack on human;Canis lupus;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_1996_Histoire_d_un_lynx_assoiffe_de_sang.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1498","Le surveillant de la faune montre du doigt le chien errang","Jotterand M;","1994 Jan 29 ","","8CH;attack on human;Canis familiaris;Canis lupus;Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;prevention;sheep;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jotterand_1994_Killed_sheep.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1499","Le retour des bêtes sauvages","Nirascou G;","1999 Apr 3 ","","78Eur;8FR;Canis lupus;Lynx lynx;recolonization;reintroduction;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","13","","Le Figaro","","","","","","","","Paris","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nirascou_1999_Return_of_wild_animals.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1500","Un nouveau loup rôde en Valais, les chiens l'attendent de croc ferme","Olivieri G;","1999 Jun 29 ","","8CH;Canis lupus;guard dog;livestock damage;Valais;","IN FILE","9","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_1999_Wolf_in_the_Valais.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1501","Population Characteristics and Social-Spatial Patterns of the Tiger (Panthera tigris) on the eastern Macroslope of the Sikhate-Alin Mountain Range, USSR","Bragin AP;","1986  ","(Russian version ID 1622)","7RU;characteristic;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;population dynamics;Sikhote-Alin;social system;spatial organization;tiger;","IN FILE","1","39","","","","","","","","","Vladivostock","Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Far East Science Center, Pacific Institute of Geography","English","","","","","","","Based on the materials collected in l984-85 on two model areas of 13238 and 10388 km2 within the limits of the eastern macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin the demographic and social-spatial characteristics of the Amur tiger population are described and compared with the published data on the Bengal subspecies. The notion is elaborated on the connection between the demographic structure of the population and its social organization and on the intraspecific variability of socio-demographic systems of the tiger in different environments and at different population densities. The hypothesis is formulated of the behavioral mechanism of transformation of population genetic structure in varying environments where the change of the social organization ensures the optimum relation between the population density and the sex ratio. It is supposed that the direction of natural selection changes as a result of the change under the environmental influence of the demographic and, respectively, of the social-spatial population structure.","","","","","","","","Bragin_1986_Population_characteristics_and_social-spatial_patterns_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1502","Le WWF fra recours contre toute nouvelle autorisation abusive d'abattage de lynx","Turrian F;","1999 Jun 25 ","","8CH;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;management;problem animal;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","Through this press release, the WWF announces that it will oppose every selective lynx removal that does not correspond to the elaborated guidelines.","","","","","","","","Turrian_1999_WWF_against_lynx_shooting.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1503","Population biology of the European lynx (Lynx lynx ) in Norway","Kvam T;","1990  ","includes RefIDs 1504-1508","8NO;biology;Lynx lynx;population;population dynamics;population trend;","IN FILE","1","35","","","","","","","","","","University of Trondheim, Department of Zoology","English","","","","","","","","","","","Dr. scient. thesis","","","","Kvam_1990_Population_biology_of_lynx_in_Norway.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1504","Age determination in european lynx Lynx lynx lynx by incremental lines in tooth cementum","Kvam T;","1984  ","in RefID 1503: Kvam 1990 Population biology of the European lynx in Norway (Doctoral thesis)","8NO;age determination;biology;Lynx lynx;Lynx lynx lynx;population;population structure;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","221","223","Acta Zoologica Fennica","","","","171","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kvam_1984_Age_determination_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1505","Supernumerary teeth in the european lynx Lynx lynx lynx and their evolutionary significance","Kvam T;","1985  ","in RefID 1503: Kvam 1990 Population biology of the European lynx in Norway (Doctoral thesis)","8NO;biology;dentition;evolution;Lynx lynx;Lynx lynx lynx;population;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","17","22","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","206","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Supernumerary  upper 2nd deciduous premolars and lower 2nd molars are reported  in  lynx,  L.  l.  lynx  (L.),  from  Norway at frequencies comparable with the situation reported from lynx populations in other countries.  Others  have interpreted these anomalies as true atavisms in response to altered environmental conditions, and consequently as being  contradictory  with Dollo's law. An alternative interpretation of  the  appearance  of supernumerary teeth is suggested which brings such  phenomena  in  line  with  Dollo's  law  and  the recent modern synthesis of evolution.","","","","","","","","Kvam_1985_Supernumerary_teeth_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1506","Ovulation rates in European lynx, Lynx lynx (L.), from Norway","Kvam T;","1990  ","in RefID 1503: Kvam 1990 Population biology of the European lynx in Norway (Doctoral thesis)","8NO;biology;Lynx lynx;ovulation;population;reproduction;","IN FILE","315","320","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","55","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kvam_1990_Ovulation_rate_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1507","Reproduction in the European lynx, Lynx lynx","Kvam T;","1991  ","in RefID 1503: Kvam 1990 Population biology of the European lynx in Norway (Doctoral thesis)","8NO;biology;Lynx lynx;mating;ovulation;population;reproduction;sexual maturity;","IN FILE","146","158","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","56","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kvam_1991_Reproduction_in_lynx_in_Norway.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","1508","Population dynamics of the European lynx Lynx l. lynx in Norway 1960 to 1990","Kvam T;","","in RefID 1503: Kvam 1990 Population biology of the European lynx in Norway (Doctoral thesis)","8NO;biology;distribution;Lynx lynx;population;population dynamics;reproduction;sex ratio;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kvam_-_Population_dynamics_of_lynx_in_Norway.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1509","Loinventering Jämtlands län 1991Monitoring of the status of the Lynx (Lynx lynx) in the country of Jämtland, northern Sweden, February-March 1991","Hjelm K;","1991  ","English summary. Swedish original article = ID 1488: Hjelm_1991_Loinventering_Jaemtlands_laen_1991.pdf","8SE;Eurasian lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;status;track;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","Stockholm","Naturskydds föreningen","English","","","","","","","After 4 weeks of tracking lynx with Snowmobile over 3 000km, covering an area of totally 10 000km2, we could verify at least 4 reproductive units. The total population was estimated to 38-74 animals - a very rough estimate.","","","","","","","","Hjelm_1991_Monitoring_of_the_status_of_the_Lynx_in_Jaemtland.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1510","The program for the Reintroduction of lynx (Lynx lynx) into Kampinoski National Park","Tyrala P;Smielowski J;Boer M;","","","7PL;captive breeding;Kampinoski National Park;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyrala_et_al_-_Reintroduction_of_the_Northern_lynx_in_Poland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1511","Modelling mortality pattern of Armenian leopard population","Khorozyan I;","1999  ","","7SU;modelling;mortality;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;population dynamics;","IN FILE","24","27","","Coll Art Young Res Nat Sci ","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khorozyan_1999_Modelling_mortality_pattern_of_Armenian_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1512","A note on the translocation of the Asiatic lions","Chellam R;Panwar HS;","1993  ","","4IN;habitat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;translocation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_&_Panwar_1993_Note_on_the_translocation_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1513","US Fish and Wildlife/ Smithsonian Research Team to Study the Asiatic Lions in the Gir Forest Sanctuary - Press Release","","1992 Feb 28 ","","4IN;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1992 Asiatic lions in the Gir forest.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1514","L'Ain... Sans l'autre","","1989  ","","Ain;human-predator conflict;livestock damage prevention;Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;","IN FILE","","","Le Pays Cressien","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1989_Protection_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1515","Deux cadavres de moutons sans tete; Lynx: on va d'abord les compter...","Maitre P;","1989  ","diverse French newspaper articles","attack on human;human-predator conflict;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;","IN FILE","","","Le Progès","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maitre_1989_Deux_cadavres_de_moutons_sans_tete.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1516","Eleveurs et chasseurs: meme combat contre le lynx","","1988  ","","8FR;Ain;human-predator conflict;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","Le Progès","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Fight_against_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1517","Captive Breeding - IUCN Policy Statement","","1987 Sep 4 ","","breeding;captive breeding;conservation strategy;guidelines;IUCN;reintroduction;translocation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","Gland, Switzerland","SSC / CBSG","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","IUCN_1987_Captive_breeding_policy_statement.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1518","Degats de lynx: Le WWF bouc emissaire","Poiret P;","1989  ","","8FR;conservation;LP collar;Lynx lynx;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","In this press release, the WWF defends his actions for lynx protection and reintroduction against criticisms coming from different factions.","","","","","","","","Poiret_1989_Damages_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1519","Les lynx sont revenus sur les Cotes de Moselle","Oestreichen G;","1993  ","","8FR;Cotes de Moselle;Lynx lynx;observation;reintroduction;","IN FILE","9","9","Le Républicain","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oestreichen_1993_Lynx_returns_over_the_Cotes_de_Moselle.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1520","Bibliography P.l.persica","","1993  ","","4IN;bibliography;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Bibliography_of_Panthera_leo_persica.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1521","Reintroduction of the Lynx in the Alps in the context of the IUCN Cat Action Plan","","1995  ","","action plan;Alps;IUCN;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx_in_the_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1522","Après vingt-cinq ans d'efforts, l'avenir du lynx à la croisée des chemins","Olivieri G;","1995  ","Pub Date unsure","8CH;8FR;habitat;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_1995_Successful_reintroduction_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1523","La reintroduction du Lynx","Fernex M;","1979  ","","Lynx lynx;reintroduction;threat;","IN FILE","","","Nouvelles de l'Environnement","","","","","","","","","Centre européen d'Information pur la Conservation de la Nature","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fernex_1979_Reintroduction_of_the_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1524","Estimating the carrying capacity of lions in Gir","Chavan SA;","1993  ","","4IN;carrying capacity;Gir;habitat requirements;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chavan_1993_Estimating_the_carrying_capacity_of_lions_in_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1525","Necrologie: Meurtre dans les Vosges!","Dumond JB;","1987  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;mortality;reintroduction;Vosges;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dumond_1987_Death_in_the_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1526","Le massacre du lynx; Mort suspecte d'un lynx vosgien; Lynx- La mort d'Elisa; On a tué les lynx","","1987  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;mortality;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","Le Progès","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Death_of_a_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1527","Elisa abattue dans les Vosges; Le programme lynx: 'des résultats positifs'; Lynx: Elisa abattue","Naegelen L;","1987  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;mortality;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","L'Alsace","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Naegelen_1987_Lynx_-_Elisa_abattue.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1528","Elisa tuée dans les Vosges","Gissy M;","1987  ","","8FR;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;mortality;poaching;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","DNA","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gissy_1987_Elisa_tuee_dans_les_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1529","Les promoteurs du Programme lynx se constituent parties civiles; Le lynx et les autres","","1987  ","","8FR;livestock damage prevention;Lynx lynx;mortality;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","La liberté de l'Est","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Reactions_of_the_death_of_a_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1530","Dans les Vosges, les lynx massacrés","Croizé J;","1987  ","","8FR;Lynx lynx;mortality;Vosges;","IN FILE","","","Figaro","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Croize_1987_Death_lynx_in_the_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1531","Bulletin d'information à l'attention des correspondants No. 1","","1998  ","","Alps;Jura;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;observation;sighting;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","1","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The first issue of the news bulletin 'Réseau lynx' presents latest information about the lynx in France. It also provides lynx observation data collected in the Vosges and the Jura massif as well as in the French Alps from 01.01.1997-30.06.1998.","","","","","","","","ONC_1998_Informations_about_the_lynx_1.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1532","Bulletin d'information à l'attention des correspondants No.2","","1998  ","","Alps;Jura;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;observation;reproduction;sighting;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","This issue of the news bulletin 'Réseau lynx' presents latest information about the lynx in France. It also provides lynx observation data collected in France from July-December 1998. The lynx was occasionally present in the French Alps. In the Vosges massif, two cases of reproduction were observed.","","","","","","","","ONC_1998_Informations_about_the_lynx_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1533","Bulletin d'information à l'attention des correnspondants No.3","","1999  ","","Alps;Jura;Lynx lynx;observation;sighting;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","This issue of the news bulletin 'Réseau lynx' presents latest information about the lynx in France It also provides lynx observation data collected in the Vosges and the Jura massif as well as in the French Alps from 01.01.-31.06.1999.","","","","","","","","ONC_1999_Information_about_the_lynx_3.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1534","Bulletin d'information à l'attention des correnspondants No.5","","2000  ","01.01.-30.06.2000","Alps;Jura;Lynx lynx;observation;sighting;Vosges;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage","French","","","","","","","This issue of the news bulletin 'Réseau lynx' presents latest information about the lynx in France It also provides lynx observation data collected in the Vosges and the Jura massif as well as in the French Alps. In 1999, the lynx was present in 12 geographical sectors of the French Alps.","","","","","","","","ONCFS_2000_Information_about_the_lynx_5.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1535","Life history information on Panthera leo persica","Chavan SA;","1993  ","","4IN;age;life history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population dynamics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chavan_1993_Life_history_information_on_Panthera_leo_persica.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1536","State gifts of animals - Position Statement - 5 September 1987","Seal US;","1987  ","","captive breeding;CBSG;culture;trade;veterinary;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seal_1987_State_gifts_of_animals.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1537","Glossary of global & regional captive strategic programs","","1993  ","","CAMP;GASP;GCAP;ICP;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;RCPP;RSCP;TAG;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Glossary_of_global_and_regional_captive_strategic_programs.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1538","Interactive management of small wild and captive populations","Foose TJ;","1993  ","","captive population;genetic drift;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population genetics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Foose_1993_Small_population_management.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1539","And now, a G.A.S.P.","Foose T;Tilson R;","","","captive population;conservation strategy;GASP;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Foose_&_Tilson_1993_And_now_a_GASP.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1540","Pro Natura tire sur le canton","Feuz C;","2001  ","","attack on human;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Feuz_2000_Lynx_attacks.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1541","Population Viability Analysis","Lacy RC;","","Book Chapter: Small Population Biology","captive population;management;population genetics;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lacy_-_Population_viability_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1542","IUCN Policy statement on research involving species at risk of extinction","","1989  ","","endangered species;extinction;guidelines;IUCN;research;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","IUCN_1989_Policy_statement_on_research_involving_species_at _risk_of_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1543","Il y on a trop! Qui a empoisonné les lynx?","Feuz C;Olivieri G;Es-Borrat E;","2000  ","","8CH;attack on human;habitat;human-predator conflict;Lynx lynx;threat;","IN FILE","17","17","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Feuz_et_al_2000_Too_many_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1544","Prédation du lynx, l'exemple francais; Ongulés menacés; Brebis attaquées à l'embouchure de la Venoge: le bilan est lourd","Olivieri G;Lack L;","1998  ","","8FR;attack on human;Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;predation;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_et_al_1998_Lynx_in_France.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1545","Trop de lynx: les éleveurs tirent la sonnette d'alarme; Le lynx n'est pas le bienvenu; Cent cinquante lynx en Suisse","","1997  ","","8CH;human-predator conflict;Lynx lynx;Ovis ammon;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1546","Pas si méchants que ca, les lynx!","Olivieri G;","2001  ","","8CH;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_2001_Lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1547","Le lynx agite les esprits; Le lynx bernois abattu avait la gale;Il aimait trop les brebis; Les atouts de Tito; Le lynx, coupable désigné à Epalinges","Olivieri G;Feuz C;Léderrey P;","1999  ","","8CH;attack on human;Lynx lynx;mortality;Ovis ammon;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_et_al_1999_Lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1548","Le carnage de trop; La griffe du lynx; Mort au lynx tueur!; Les prédations du lynx; Un lynx abattu","Olivieri G;Chollet E;Imsand C;","2000  ","diverse French Newspaper articles","8CH;attack on human;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;predation;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olivieri_et_al_2000_Les_predations_du_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1549","Tirez pas sur 'Pirmin'; Les lynx indésirables","Rochat M;","1988  ","French","8CH;hunting (by human);Lynx lynx;poaching;","IN FILE","","","Le Matin","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rochat_1988_Tirez_pas_sur_Pirmin.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1550","Lions in Gir Sanctuary","","","","4IN;carrying capacity;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population size;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Lions_in_Gir_sanctuary.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1551","Un lynx capturé près de Baulmes; Trop de lynx en Valais - Ils seront traqués","Chatelain C;","1988  ","","8CH;capture;Lynx lynx;Valais;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chatelain_1988_Lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1552","Lynx en Valais - Le voile se lève","","1983  ","","8CH;Lynx lynx;Valais;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Lynx_in_Valais.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1553","On sonne l'hallali; Le lynx qui mange; Oui, le lynx mange; Les dents du lynx; Le lynx émisaire","Grivet J;Burnier F;Golay H;Martin J;Altherr M;","1988  ","diverse French newspaper articles","8CH;attack on human;hunting behavior;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grivet_et_al_1988_Hunting_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1554","La loi de la nature est impitoyable","Fischer S;","1990  ","","8CH;Jura;Lynx lynx;mortality;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fischer_1990_Mortality_of_young_lynx_in_the_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1555","How it works Zoo to wild","Walker S;","1991  ","","captive breeding;conservation strategy;ex situ;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1991_How_it_works_Zoo_to_wild.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1556","Gir - The last refuge of the Asiatic lion","Sinha S;","1987  ","","4IN;endangered species;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","145","152","Vivekananda Kendra Patrika","","","","","","","August 1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sinha_1987_Gir_last_refuge_of_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1557","Zoo standards for housing large felids","Shoemaker AH;Maruska EJ;Rockwell R;","","","Felidae;guidelines;housing;husbandry;Pantherinae;zoo;population;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;habitat;Global Animal Survival Plan;survival;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","In: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_et_al_-_Zoo_standards_for_housing_large_felids.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1558","Executive summary of the world zoo conservation strategy - The role of zoos and aquaria of the world in global conservation","","","","captive breeding;conservation;conservation strategy;ex situ;zoo;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (P.H.V.A.), Global Animal Survival Plan (G.A.S.P.) of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_World_Zoo_Conservation_Strategy.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1559","Captive breeding specialist group","Seal US;Foose TJ;","","","breeding;captive breeding;CBSG;","IN FILE","77","79","Species","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seal_&_Foose_-_Captive_breeding_specialist_group.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1560","Status of the Caspian tiger in Iran - Abstract","Joslin P;","1986  ","","5IR;biology;Caspian Sea;conservation;habitat;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;status;","IN FILE","63","63","","","","","","Cats of the World: Biology, conservation, and management","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington, D.C.","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1986_Status_of_the_Caspian_tiger_in_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1561","White tigersAAZPA Regional Proceedings","Shoemaker AH;","1986  ","","distribution;mating;Mohan;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;white tiger;","IN FILE","380","382","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1986_White_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1562","Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication","Diamond JM;","2002  ","","agriculture;domestication;evolution;future;genetics;husbandry;plant;population genetics;","IN FILE","700","707","Nature","","","","418","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Diamond_2002_Plant_and_animal_domestication.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1563","Black Tigers","Burton RG;","1989  ","","coloration;melanism;Panthera tigris;record;","IN FILE","39","45","","","","","","The Book of the Tiger","","","New Dehli","Natraj Publisher","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burton_1989_Black_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1564","Distribution of Sumatran tiger - Map","","","","4ID;distribution;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Sumatra;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Distribution_of_Sumatran_tiger_-_Map.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1565","Experimental test of captive breeding for endangered species","Bryant EH;Backus VL;Clark ME;Reed DH;","1999  ","","captive breeding;conservation strategy;endangered species;fitness;genetic variation;genetics;Musca domestica;","IN FILE","1487","1496","Conservation Biology","","","","13","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","Several captive breeding regimes were compared for their ability to maintain fitness (larval viability) and genetic variation in small populations of the housefly (Musca domestica L.). Populations were either maintained at constant sizes of 40, 200, or 2000 individuals or initiated with two pairs of flies and allowed to grow to 40 individuals (low-founder-number populations). Low-founder-number populations without migration exhibited low larval viability (22%) after 24 generations, compared to larger populations maintained at either 200 (49 %) or 2000 (69 %) individuals, and suffered high extinction, with only 44 % of the lines surviving 24 generations. Low-founder-number populations subjected to two additional founder (bottleneck) episodes, reducing them to two pairs of flies, suffered little additional loss in fitness or extinction compared to the single-founder treatments. Migration as low as one individual per generation (2.5 % migration) significantly offset both reduced fitness and rate of extinction. Conversely, fitness was not significantly increased for low-founder-number populations when founders were selected from the top performing 20 % of pairs under full-sib mating. Populations maintained at 40 individuals were not sustainable, exhibiting low larval viability (35 %) and a high extinction rate (40 %) over 24 generations, similar to the extinction rates for populations initiated with only four founders. Although none of the populations maintained at 200 individuals went extinct, their fitness was reduced by 20 % compared to a large control population maintained at 2000 individuals. Electrophoretic variation was significantly correlated with fitness across treatments, but the correlation of fitness to narrow-sense heritability of two morphometric traits was not significant.","","","","","","","","Bryant_et_al_1999_Captive_breeding_for_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1566","Likelihood-based estimation of the effective population size using temporal changes in allele frequencies: A genealogical approach","Berthier P;Beaumont MA;Cornuet J;Luikard G;","2002  ","","accuracy;allele frequencies;conservation;effective population size;estimator;extinction risk;F-statistics;genetic drift;genetics;heterozygosity;maximum likelihood;method;polymorphism;population size;Salmo trutta;","IN FILE","741","751","Genetics","","","","160","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A new genetic estimator of the effective population size (Ne) is introduced. This likelihood-based (LB) estimator uses two temporally spaced genetic samples of individuals from a population. We compared its performance to that of the classical F-statistic-based Ne estimator (NeFk) by using data from simulated populations with known Ne and real populations. The new likelihood-based estimator (NeLB) showed narrower credible intervals and greater accuracy than (NeFk) when genetic drift was strong, but performed only slightly better when genetic drift was relatively weak. When drift was strong (e.g., Ne = 20 for five generations), as few as ~ 10 loci (heterozygosity of 0.6; samples of 30 individuals) are sufficient to consistently achieve credible intervals with an upper limit < 50 using the LB method. In contrast, ~ 20 loci are required for the same precision when using the classical F-statistic approach. The NeLB estimator is much improved over the classical method when there are many rare alleles. It will be especially useful in conservation biology because it less often overestimates Ne than does NeFk and thus is less likely to erroneously suggest that a population is large and has a low extinction risk.","","","","","","","","Berthier_et_al_2002_Effective_population_size.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1567","Wirkung einer aktiven Futterbeschaffung mittels Futterkisten auf das stereotype Gehen und den Glukokortikoidspiegel von Margays, Leopardus wiedii, im Zoo Zürich","Gusset M;Burgener N;Schmid H;","2002  ","with English summary","8CH;captive experiments;foraging behavior;Leopardus wiedi;Leopardus wiedii;margay;zoo;","IN FILE","245","262","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","72","","","4","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gusset_et_al_2002_Wirkung_einer_aktiven_Futterbeschaffung_mittels_Futterkisten.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1568","A study on the loss of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) in five years (1996-2000) from Bangladesh Sundarbans","Gani MO;","2002  ","","4BD;Bengal;distribution;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;status;Sundarban;","IN FILE","6","11","Tiger Paper","","","","29","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gani_2002_Loss_of_Bengal_tiger_in_Bangladesh_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1569","How large must populations be to retain evolutionary potential?","Franklin IR;Frankham R;","1998  ","","conservation;effective population size;endangered species;evolution;genetic variation;population size;","IN FILE","69","73","Animal Conservation","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Franklin_&_Frankham_1998_Population_size_and_evolutionary_potential.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1570","Death to the tiger! The development of tiger and leopard rituals in Java, 1605 - 1906","Boomgaard P;","1994  ","","4ID;history;public attitude;Java;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;culture;","IN FILE","141","175","South East Asia Research","","","","2","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boomgaard_1994_Development_of_tiger_and_leopard_rituals_in_Java.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1571","Large carnivores and the consequences of habitat insularization: Ecology and conservation of tigers in Indonesia and Bangladesh","Seidensticker J;","","","4BD;4ID;Bali;biology;conservation;ecology;habitat;Java;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Sumatra;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","41","","","","","","Cats of the World: Biology, Conservation, and Management","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington, D.C.","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_-_Ecology_and_conservation_of_tigers_in_Indonesia_and_Bangladesh.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1572","Panthera tigris tigris","Wycherley PR;","1970  ","","4MY;density;diet;distribution;hunting (by human);nature reserve design;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;population size;predation;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wycherley_1970_Panthera_tigris_tigris_in_Malaysia.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1573","Distribution of the tiger in Nepal - Map","","","","4NP;distribution;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Distribution_of_the_tiger_in_Nepal_-_Map.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1574","Chitawan - Nepal Wonderland","Johnsingh AJT;","1998  ","","4NP;Chitwan;conservation;distribution;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Rhinoceros sp.;tourism;","IN FILE","22","29","Sanctuary Asia","","","","18","","","4","","Sashi Kumar","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1998_Chitawan_-_Nepal_Wonderland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1575","Landscape Analysis of Tiger Distribution and Habitat Quality in Nepal","Smith JLD;Ahearn SC;McDougal CW;","1998  ","","4NP;distribution;habitat;landscape;Panthera tigris;population;population size;","IN FILE","1338","1346","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_et_al_1998_Tiger_distribution_and_habitat_quality_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1576","The long-term Effects of Tiger Poaching on Population Viability","Kenney JS;Smith JLD;Starfield AM;McDougal CW;","1994  ","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;population;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","1127","1133","Conservation Biology","","","","9","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kenney_et_al_1994_Effects_of_tiger_poaching_on_population_viability.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1577","The Contribution of Variance in Lifetime Reproduction to Effective Population Size in Tigers","Smith JLD;McDougal CW;","1991  ","","4NP;breeding;Chitwan;demography;inbreeding;inbreeding depression;life history;mortality;Panthera tigris;paternity;population;population dynamics;population size;reproduction;Royal Chitwan NP;sex ratio;survival;tiger;","IN FILE","484","490","Conservation Biology","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","We studied tiger (Panthera tigris) reproduction in Royal Chitwan National Park to examine variance in lifetime reproduction and its contribution to estimates of inbreeding-effective population size in this species. A total of 36 breeding animals (14 males, 22 females) and 144 young were monitored between 1973 and 1989. Mean litter size was 2.98 and young were born throughout the year. Mortality during the first year was 34%. Loss of entire litters accounted for 73% of first-year mortality, suggesting that chance events were more important in determining first-year survival than the quality of a female's territory. Second-year mortality was 17%, and most (71%) was within-litter mortality. The number of young that survived to dispersal or 2 years was used as a measure of lifetime reproduction. To calculate the effect of variance in lifetime reproduction on inbreeding-effective population size, we estimated the distribution of number of offspring that reach breeding age. High variance in lifetime reproduction resulted in an Ne-to-N ratio of 0.41 and an Ne of 26. Because the rate of inbreeding in the Chitwan population is approximately 2% per generation and Chitwan is one of the largest tiger populations on the Indian subcontinent, it is possible that inbreeding depression occurs in many tiger populations. Inbreeding depression may be reflected in many measures of fitness: litter size, birth weight, infant and early survival, and sperm viability. The field data presented here demonstrate the length of time and effort needed to obtain even a single moderate-sized data set. Were it possible to obtain two such data sets, comparisons between populations or time periods would be problematic. Because of these difficulties, conservation decision-makers will need to rely on population viability analysis modeling. Long-term field data on individual populations and information on the dynamics of metapopulations are needed to build and validate these models.","","","","","","","","Smith_&_McDougal_1991_Effects_of_the_lifetime_reproduction_on_population_size.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1578","The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population","Smith JLD;","1993  ","","4IN;Chitwan;dispersal;genetic variation;habitat;movement pattern;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","165","195","Behaviour","","","","124","","","3-4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_1993_Role_of_dispersal_in_structuring_the_Chitwan_tiger_population.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1579","The poaching threat to the tiger in the wild - Letter to NATURE","Kenney JS;Smith JLD;Starfield AM;","","","endangered species;Panthera tigris;poaching;threat;","IN FILE","","","Nature","","","","369","","","2/6/9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kenney_et_al_-_Poaching_threat_to_the_tiger_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1580","Visitor attitude and market survey for planning community-based tourism initiatives in rural Ladakh","","2001  ","","4IN;community involvement;ecotourism;Ladakh;survey;tourism;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","2","","","","","The Snow Leopard Conservancy","English","","","","","SLC Ladakh Field Series","","","","","","","","","","SLC_2001_Visitor_attitude_and_market_survey.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1581","Watch with mother: a review of social learning in the Felidae","Kitchener AC;","","Pub Year probably 2000","Felidae;learning behavior;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","236","258","","","","","14","Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 72","Box HO;Gibson KR;","","Cambridge","Cambridge University Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_-_Social_learning_in_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1582","Are cats really solitary?","Kitchener AC;","2000  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cheetah;domestic cat;Felidae;Felis catus;lion;Lynx sp.;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;social behavior;social system;tiger;","IN FILE","1","10","Lutra","","","","43","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Of the 37 or so wild species of cats in the world most are regarded as solitary, secretive, non-social mammals. However, at least two species, the lion and the domestic cat, may show high degrees of sociality, and others, such as tigers, cheetahs and lynxes, may form social groups in certain situations. This paper explores the ecological and environmental constraints on cat sociality by focussing on the spectrum of social group size displayed by lions and domestic cats in different parts of their distributions. It also looks in detail at how cats communicate with each other, mainly through scent marks. Perhaps the majority of cat species are not solitary after all, but have instead a dispersed and flexible social system which allows them to exploit efficiently the environmental and ecological opportunities wherever they are found. Instead the term 'solitary' should probably be reserved for the hunting strategy of most cats and other carnivores.","","","","","","","","Kitchener_2000_Are_cats_really_solitary.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1583","SriRacha Tiger Zoo","Conrad K;","2001  ","","breeding;Panthera tigris;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Conrad_2001_SriRacha_Tiger_Zoo.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1584","Nomination of The 'Sikhote-Alin' Nature Complex","","1995  ","","7RU;climate;conservation;fauna;geology;history;nature reserve;Sikhote-Alin;vegetation;","IN FILE","1","21","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Sikhote-Alin_nature_complex.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1585","World heritage nomination - document review Central Sikhote-Alin, Russian Federation","Hitchcock P;","","","7RU;Sikhote-Alin;threat;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hitchcock_-_Review_of_Nomination_of_Sikhote-Alin_nature_complexe.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1586","The Rhino and Tiger conservation Act of 1994 - Testimony","Bolze D;","1994  ","","Act;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Rhinoceros sp.;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bolze_1994_Rhino_and_tiger_conservation_act_of_1994.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1587","Le linci del Caucaso e dell' Asia Occidentale","Oriani A;","2000  ","Italian, Englisch abstract","4Asia;Caucasus;distribution;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;morphology;","IN FILE","51","64","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano","","","","141","","","1","","","Italian","","","","","","","Caucasian and Western Asian lynxes. Starting from the analysis of a lynx skin from Northern Syria and from its comparison with skins and descriptions of lynxes from different areas, both Caucasian and Middle Eastern, we critically considered the few works on the distribution and morphology of Caucasian and Western Asian lynxes. Besides we hypotized the stages of the spreading of this species on the basis of what already ascertained about the European Pleistocene. Therefore we concluded that in Southern Turkey, Syria and Northern Iraq we can suppose the presence of a subspecies of Lynx pardina (Temminck, 1827), temporally called okeni ssp.n..","","","","","","","","Oriani_2000_Le_linci_del_Caucaso_e_dell_Asia_occidentale.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1588","Una lince (Lynx lynx L.) ed un lupo (Canis lupus L.), catturati sulle Alpi Lombarde nel secolo scorso","Oriani A;","1993  ","","8IT;Canis lupus;history;Lombardy;Lynx lynx;museum survey;","IN FILE","81","87","Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano","","","","133","","","6","","","Italian","","","","","","","A lynx and a wolf caught in the Alps of Lombardy in the 19th century are now shown in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale of Milano. The historical prepared specimens have been traced in a high school museum of Bergamo. The lynx is the last shot in Lombardy in 1845.","","","","","","","","Oriani_1993_Una_lince_ed_un_lupo_catturati_sulle_Alpi_Lombarde_nel_secolo_scorso.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1589","Predation by Panthera Cats and Measures of Human Influence in Habitats of South Asian Monkeys","Seidensticker J;","1983  ","","4Asia;habitat;public attitude;monkey;Panthera leo;Panthera onca;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predation;","IN FILE","323","326","International Journal of Primatology","","","","4","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1983_Predation_by_Panthera_pardus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1590","Disturbance bias when tracking Kalahari leopards Panthera pardus by spoor","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1993  ","","1ZA;bias;disturbance;Kalahari;observation;Panthera pardus;track;tracking;","IN FILE","109","112","Koedoe","","","","36","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","The possible habituation of leopards to spoor trackers or increased disturbance by trackers affecting leopards in the Kalahari was examined. The median flight distance class interval was 0,6 - 1,0 km and there was no evidence of either habituation or increased disturbance.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_Le_Riche_1993_Disturbance_bias_when_tracking_leopards_by_spoor.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1591","Quantifying woody plants as hunting cover for southern Kalahari leopards","Bothma JdP;van Rooyen N;Theron GK;le Riche EAN;","1994  ","","1ZA;hunting behavior;Kalahari;Panthera pardus;vegetation;","IN FILE","273","280","Journal of Arid Environments","","","","26","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The probable woody hunting cover for leopards in two parts of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park is quantified. The woody component of the vegetation supplies an abundance of permanent cover. Therefore prey abundance is the major limiting factor for leopards in this Park.","","","","","","","","Bothma_et_al_1994_Woody_plants_as_hunting_cover_for_Kalahari_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1592","Note on the sighting of a Caracal (Felis caracal) at the Sariska National Park","Divyabhanusinh;","1987  ","","4IN;Caracal caracal;Sariska Tiger Reserve;sighting;","IN FILE","201","201","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","84","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1987_Sighting_of_a_Caracal_at_the_Sariska_national_park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1593","Scat analysis and aspects of defecation in northern Cape leopards","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1994  ","","1ZA;Augrabies;Cape Province;Kalahari;Panthera pardus;faeces;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","21","25","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","24","","","1 & 2","","","English","","","","","","","Leopard scats from the Augrabies Falls and Kalahari Gemsbok National Parks, South Africa were analysed microscopically The data supported the known biases for using scats as prey-use indicators. The Kalahari data proved the reliability of the tracking technique used there by several researchers for prey-use studies. Aspects of leopard defecation discussed include the spacing and timing of defecations, and the infrequent use of scrapes to cover faeces.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1994_Scat_analysis_and_aspects_of_defecation_in_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1594","The relationship between minimum air temperature and daily distances moves by Kalahari leopards","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1994  ","","1ZA;behavior;Kalahari;movement distance;Panthera pardus;temperature;","IN FILE","18","20","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","24","","","1 & 2","","","English","","","","","","","Minimum air temperature is used as an index to study the effect of climate on the daily distances moved by male leopards of equal hunger status in the southern Kalahari. An inverse linear relationship existed between minimum air temperatures and daily distances moved. The implications of these results on studies of the activity patterns (movements) of these leopards and possible avenues for future research are discussed.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1994_Relationship_between_temperature_and_distances_moved_by_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1595","Note on Indian Wild dogs (Cuon alpinus) in Sariska National Park","Divyabhanusinh;","1986  ","","4IN;Cuon alpinus;Sariska Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","654","654","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1986_Indian_Wild_dogs_in_Sariska_national_park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1596","Note on the strange behaviour of a Marsh Crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris)","Divyabhanusinh;","1986  ","","behavior;Crocodylus palustris;feeding behavior;","IN FILE","220","221","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1986_Strange_behaviour_of_a_Marsh_corcodile.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1597","Earth - A beleaguered planet","Rashid MA;","1994  ","","evolution;history;Homo sapiens;human population increase;pollution;religion;","IN FILE","4","10","Journal of the Environment Protection Society, Darjeeling","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_1994_Earth_-_A_beleaguered_planet.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1598","Prey preference and hunting efficiency of the Kalahari desert leopardCats of the World: Biology, Conservation, and Management (Second International Symposium)","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1982  ","","1ZA;conservation;desert;feeding;habitat;hunting behavior;Kalahari;management;observation;Panthera pardus;prey selection;Prionailurus bengalensis;","IN FILE","389","414","","","","","","","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington, D.C.","National Wildlife Federation Institute for Wildlife Research","English","","","","","","","Tracking in soft sand revealed data on prey selection, hunting efficiency and habitat use for the Kalahari Desert leopard (Panthera pardus). Data on 40 observation periods of 24 h each were obtained for male leopard activity on 9 occasions, and 15 periods for females with cubs on 3 occasions. These data are based on 574.2 km of tracking male leopards, and 201.4 km of tracking females with cubs, and involved different leopards on different occasions. The Kalahari Desert leopard is an opportunistic feeder, with some preference for medium-sized prey. Of all prey, 54 % are juvenile animals. A male leopard consumes an estimated 3.5 kg of meat per day, females with cubs 4.9 kg. Four of 24 kills were stored in trees. Male leopards killed 13 % of their prey contacts, females with cubs 23 %. Of all contacts with prey by male leopards, 5 % ended in the classic stalk-chase-kill sequence; 2 % for females with cubs. Of all stalks, 10 % by male leopards ended in a kill; 4 % for females with cubs. Of all chases by male leopards, 11 % ended in a kill; 28 % for females with cubs. Of all kills, 36 % by male leopards and 10 % by female leopards with cubs involved the classic stalk-chase-kill sequence. Male leopards moved an average of 14.4 km in 24 hours; females with cubs, 13.4 km. Leopards are independent of free water. They especially use shepherd's tree (Boscia albitrunca) and shrubs, and aardvark (Orycteropus afer) and porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) burrows as daytime cover.","","","1982  ","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1982_Prey_preference_and_hunting_efficiency_of_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1599","Aspects of the ecology and the behaviour of the leopard Panthera pardus in the Kalahari Desert","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1984  ","","1ZA;desert;ecology;home range;hunting behavior;Kalahari;movement pattern;observation;Panthera pardus;prey;reproduction;","IN FILE","259","279","Koedoe","","","","Supplement","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Tracking in sand revealed data on hunting and kill rates, range, movements, activity, cover and water use, reproduction and interactions with other carnivores, by the leopard Panthera pardus in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. For leopards in the interior, 812,5 km tracks were followed for 54 days, and 205,l km for 15 days for females with cubs. In the Nossob riverbed 30,2 km of tracks were followed in eight days. Medium-sized mammals featured prominently in the diet of all leopards, with prey used influenced by habitat type. Leopards in the interior moved greater distances than those in the Nossob riverbed. Leopards rested frequently at the onset and end of activity and used dense vegetation and aardvark Orycteropus afer and porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis burrows as daytime cover. Leopards are independent of water, and females apparently have no definite breeding season. Lions Panthera leo dominate leopards, but the outcome of leopard/spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta encounters depend on the size of the leopard and the number of hyaenas in the pack. Leopards in the Kalahari Desert are opportunists which occupy this harsh environment successfully.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1984_Ecology_and_behaviour_of_the_Kalahari_desert_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1600","The influence of increasing hunger on the hunting behaviour of Southern Kalahari leopards","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1990  ","","1ZA;hunting behavior;Kalahari;observation;Panthera pardus;prey density;","IN FILE","79","84","Journal of Arid Environments","","","","18","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The influence of hunger on the hunting behaviour of the leopard in the southern Kalahari Desert is examined, based on ground tracking. It is suggested that increasing hunger affects the various hunting actions of the leopards involved. The leopards are unable to increase the rate of hunting per km travelled, as hunger increases, because of a limited prey base which is already utilized fully. However, by moving increasingly longer distances, they do increase the actual number of hunting actions per 24-h period. The conservation implication is that, based on the energy balance, some arid areas with excessively low prey abundance may be unsuitable for permanent occupation by free-ranging leopards.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1990_Influence_of_hunger_on_leopards_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1601","Evidence of a flexible hunting technique in Kalahari leopards","Bothma JdP;le Riche EAN;","1989  ","","1ZA;behavior;hunting behavior;Kalahari;observation;Panthera pardus;prey selection;","IN FILE","57","60","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Some evidence of a prey-related hunting technique used by free-ranging leopards is presented. The possible reasons suggested for this are fear of certain prey and prey vigilance and speed.","","","","","","","","Bothma_&_le_Riche_1989_Flexible_hunting_technique_in_Kalahari_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1602","Jaguar predation on domestic livestock in Belize","Rabinowitz AR;","1986  ","","3BZ;home range;livestock;livestock depredation;Panthera onca;predation;problem animal;","IN FILE","170","174","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","14","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1986_Jaguar_predation_on_livestock_in_Belize.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1603","Use of ultralight aircraft in wildlife radio telemetry","Quigley HB;Crawshaw PG;","1989  ","","method;telemetry;wildlife;","IN FILE","330","334","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","17","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Quigley_&_Crawshaw_1999_Ultralight_Aircraft_Telemetry.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1604","Notes concerning the jaguarundi cat (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) in the Caribbean lowlands of Belize and Guatemala","McCarthy TJ;","1992  ","","2GT;3BZ;activity;Caribbean lowlands;diet;Herpailurus yaguarondi;observation;telemetry;","IN FILE","302","307","Mammalia","","","","56","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McCarthy_1992_Jaguarundi_cat_in_the_Caribbean_lowlands.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1605","New evidence for the occurrence of the Anatolian Leopard, Panthera pardus tulliana (Valenciennes, 1856), in Western Turkey","Ullrich B;Riffel M;","1993  ","Volume unsure","8TR;conservation;distribution;leopard;observation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;status;survey;taxonomy;","IN FILE","5","14","Mammalia","","","","57","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The continuing existence of the Anatolian Leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana) in western Turkey has long been questioned due to the lack of new data. During several visits to southwestern Anatolia between 1985 and 1992, new information has been obtained. The finding of fresh fecal pellets in spring 1992 indicates the survival of the species in the Termessos National Park. Further data based on interviews with local people suggests that Leopard populations survive in eastern Lycia and in parts of western Lycia.","","","","","","","","Ullrich_&_Riffel_1993_Occurrence_of_the_Anatolian_leopard_in_Turkey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1606","Food habits of Asiatic leopards (Panthera pardus fusea) in Wolong Reserve, Sichuan, China","Johnson KG;Wei W;Reid DG;Jinchu H;","1993  ","","4CN;feeding behavior;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus delacouri;","IN FILE","646","650","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","74","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1993_Food_habits_of_leopards_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1607","Hunting succes of lions in a semi-arid environmentMammals as Predators","Stander PE;Albon SD;","1993  ","","1NA;behavior;group living;hunting behavior;hunting success;lion;Panthera leo;predator;","IN FILE","127","143","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","65","","Dunstone N;Gorman ML;","","Oxford","The Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","Parameters that influence the hunting succes of lions in a semi-arid region in Namibia were assessed by means of generalized linear models. Results indicate that when combined, hunting techniques employed by lionesses, lioness group size, prey species, time of day (day/night), terrain, and the interaction between terrain and day/night had significant independent effects on the probability that a hunt would be successful. Hunts that involved co-ordinated stalking were more likely to succeed than other hunt categories. Success of hunting the five major prey species increased linearly with lioness group size. Lionesses were also more successful during hunts on moonless nights in undulating terrain. Under the semi-arid conditions in Namibia, where lions are exposed to eight months of food scarcity in an open habitat, group hunting and co-ordinated co-operation are the most important variables influencing the outcome of hunts and therefore also per capita food intake. In this environment group hunting may be an important factor in the evolution of sociality in the species.","","","","","","","","Stander_&_Albon_1993_Lion_hunting_succes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1608","Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual","Stander PE;","1992  ","","1NA;behavior;cooperation;hunting;hunting behavior;lion;Panthera leo;social behavior;","IN FILE","445","454","Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","","","","29","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Individually identified lions (Panthera leo) were observed on the open, semi-arid plains in Namibia. Data from 486 coordinated group hunts were analysed to assess cooperation and individual variation in hunting tactics. Group hunts generally involved a formation whereby some lioness ('wings') circled prey while others ('centres') waited for prey to move towards them. Those lionesses that occupied 'wing' stalking roles frequently initiated an attack on the prey, while lionesses in 'centre' roles moved relatively small distances and most often captured prey in flight from other lionesses. Each lioness in a given pride repeatedly occupied the same position in a hunting formation. Hunts where most lionesses present occupied their preferred positions had a high probability of success. Individual hunting behaviour was not inflexible, however, but varied according to different group compositions and to variations in the behaviour of other individuals present. The role of cooperative hunting and its apparent advantages within the semi-arid environment of Etosha National Park, Namibia, are discussed.","","","","","","","","Stander_1992_Coorperative_hunting_in_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1609","Foraging dynamics of lions in a semi-arid environment","Stander PE;","1992  ","file not complete! (only up to page 13)","1NA;feeding;hunting behavior;observation;Panthera leo;predation;prey selection;","IN FILE","8","21","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","70","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1992_Foraging_dynamics_of_lions_in_semi-arid_environment.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1610","Conservation of the Asiatic lion - Future strategyInternational Workshop on the Asiatic Lion, Baroda","Rashid MA;","1993  ","","4Asia;4IN;breeding;captive breeding;conservation;corridor;distribution;future;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;tourism;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1993  18 - 22 October","","","","","Rashid_1993_Conservation_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1611","India's last lions","Johnsingh AJT;Chellam R;","1991  ","","4IN;conservation;Gir;habitat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;prey;prey selection;reproduction;","IN FILE","17","20","Zoogoer","","","","","","","","Washington,D.C.","Friends of National Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","-32676  ","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Chellam_1991_Indias_last_lions.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1612","Management of Asiatic lions in the Gir forest, IndiaMammals as Predators","Chellam R;Johnsingh AJT;","1993  ","","4IN;captive population;conservation;ecology;forest;Gir;public attitude;human-predator conflict;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;poaching;population trend;predator;","IN FILE","409","424","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","65","","Dunstone N;Gorman ML;","","Oxford","The Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","We present the summarized results of our four years of field research (1986-1990) on the ecology of the Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in the Gir forest, Gujarat, India, with special reference to the management of this endangered sub-species. The study also documents the changes in the ecology and conservation status of the Iions from the early 1970s which have resulted from the various management practices of the Gujarat Forest Department. Currently the population of lions in Gir is estimated to be 284 and is the only population in the wild. Pure-bred Asiatic lions are a rarity in zoos around the world, but for the captive population in Sakkarbaugh zoo, Junagadh. Problems faced by sole populations of endangered species are numerous. For the effective conservation of the Asiatic lions, the establishment of a second population in the wild is an urgent necessity. Successful translocation of large carnivores requires an in-depth understanding of the animal's ecology, careful site selection and long-term monitoring. Data presented on the predation ecology, ranging patterns and habitat use of the lions are vital for the selection of habitats for lion translocation and for the management of the lions in Gir and in their second home. The prevailing management regime in Gir and the present conservation status of the Asiatic Iions are reviewed and suggestions for the improved management of the Gir forest and the lions are made.","","","","","","","","Chellam_&_Johnsingh_1993_Management_of_Asiatic_lions_in_the_Gir_forest_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1613","The Asiatic lion - A perspective","Rashid MA;","","","4IN;conservation;Gir;history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;nature reserve;","IN FILE","12","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","International PHVA Workshop on Asiatic Lion","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_-_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1614","Predators of cyclic prey: is the Canada lynx victim or profiteer of the snowshoe hare cycle?","Breitenmoser U;Slough BG;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;","1993  ","","cycling population;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;predator;prey;","IN FILE","551","554","Oikos","","","","66","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Most populations of predators of cyclic prey fluctuate as their reproductive output and survival is a function of prey availability. The predator's response to a given prey density, however, may alter from the increase to the decrease phase. In cycles, the development of the prey population is predictable, and more sophisticated strategies can evolve. We develop a hypothesis on the life history strategy of the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). We propose that resident lynx form a core population and occupy large and stable home ranges throughout the cycle. Their reproductive output is maximized with increasing prey availability, but reduced in the decline phase before the investment threatens the long-term survival of the residents.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_1993_Predators_of_cyclic_prey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1615","Chemical immobilization of Lynx","Poole KG;Mowat G;Slough BG;","1993  ","","immobilization;Lynx canadensis;veterinary;","IN FILE","136","140","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","21","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poole_et_al_1993_Immobilization_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1616","Spatial organization and recruitment of lynx (Lynx lynx) in a re-introduced population in the Swiss Jura Mountains","Breitenmoser U;Kaczensky P;Dötterer M;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Capt S;Bernhart F;Liberek M;","1993  ","","8CH;capture;dispersal;home range;Jura;Lynx lynx;mortality;population;reproduction;spatial organization;","IN FILE","449","464","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","231","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We monitored seven resident (three males and four females) and six dispersing subadult Eurasian lynx from 1988 to 1991 in a population that was re-introduced to the Swiss Jura Mountains in the early 1970s. Home-range areas of the neighbouring adults were 71 - 281 km2, and significant core areas 34 - 252 km2. Males occupied significantly larger areas than females. Home range overlap was 9 % for neighbouring males and 3 % for females. Core areas of males did touch, but those of females were clearly separated. Each male's home range covered those of one or two females. Population density was 0-94 lynx/100 km2 for resident animals. Pre-dispersal mortality was estimated to be 50 %. Juveniles dispersed from their mothers' home area at the age of 10 months. Of six monitored subadults, only one survived the first year of independence. Human-caused mortality (traffic accidents, illegal killing) was high. This was also the case among resident adults. This might be a threat to the long-term survival of the re-introduced population.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_1993_Spacing_of_lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1617","Wiederansiedlung und Ausbreitung des Luchses (Lynx lynx) im Schweizer Jura","Breitenmoser U;Baettig M;","1992  ","","8CH;dispersal;history;Jura;Lynx lynx;population;population size;record;reintroduction;","IN FILE","163","176","Revue suisse de Zoologie","","","","99","","","1","","","German","","","","","","","Re-introduction and expansion of the lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Swiss Jura Mountains. - The lynx was eradicated in Switzerland in the 19th century. From 1972 to 1975, 8 to 10 wild lynx from the Czechoslovakian Carpathian Mountains were released in the Swiss Jura Mountains. The re-introduction was not monitored in the following years. We gathered previous lynx observations from reports of the regional wildlife services and by interviewing game wardens and hunters, and describe the expansion of the re-established population from 350 reported sightings. The total range of the observations in the Swiss Jura Mountains until 1987 was 6095 km2, but only two subareas of 2198 km2 and 1292 km2 respectively were occupied consistently. These two parts of the Swiss Jura Mountains are significantly more wooded (40 %) than the rest of the mountain range (31 %). The portion of the built-up area negatively influences the lynx distribution only in less wooded areas, whereas altitude alone has no significant affect on the lynx distribution. At present the re-introduction of lynx in the Jura Mountains may be considered a success.","","","-32676  ","","","","","Breitenmoser_&_Baettig_1992_Reintroduction_and_expansion_of_the_Lynx_in_the_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1618","Zur Nahrungsökologie des Luchses Lynx lynx in den schweizerischen Nordalpen","Breitenmoser U;Haller H;","1987  ","German, english abstract","8CH;Alps;diet;feeding;feeding behavior;hunting behavior;Lynx lynx;prey;prey density;prey selection;","IN FILE","168","191","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","52","","","3","","","German","","","","","","","Collected data about feeding habits of radiocollar-fitted lynxes (Lynx lynx) in the northern Alps from 1983 to 1985. Lynxes in the study area fed mainly on the two smaller ungulates. 88 prey items were found: 48 roe-deer, 30 chamois, 5 hares, 2 domestic sheep, 2 marmots and 1 red squirrel. Analyses of faeces showed that neither small rodents nor birds are of any importance as lynx prey. A male and a female hunting in the same area showed different preference in killing roe-deer and chamois (12 : 14 and 21 : 7 resp.). Distances between consecutive kills varied from 5 to 10 km. Exploitation of killed ungulates in undisturbed sites was 88 %, close to civilization 62 %. Adult lynxes killed 1 ungulate every 6.6 days, a female with two cubs of 10 months1 every 2.7 days. The yearly consumption of 1 lynx is estimated to be 60 roe-deer or chamois, and the total consumption in the study area 3 % - 9 % of the ungulate population. Feeding strategy (surprise attack) is one of the main reasons for the large home ranges and the low population density of the lynx in the northern Alps.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_&_Haller_1987_Zur_Nahrungsoekologie_des_Luchses_Lynx_lynx_in_den_schweizerischen_Nordalpen.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1619","Early Maternal Behavior of Wild Cheetahs: Implications for Captive Husbandry","Laurenson MK;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;captive breeding;denning behavior;home range;husbandry;maternal care;","IN FILE","31","43","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_1993_Maternal_behavior_in_Wild_Cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1620","Infectious Disease Surveillance in Captive and Free-Living Cheetahs: An Integral Part of the Species Survival Plan","Evermann JF;Laurenson MK;McKeirnan AJ;Caro TM;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;free-ranging;herpesvirus;management;","IN FILE","125","133","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Evermann_et_al_1993_Cheetah_infectious_disease_surveillance.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1621","Cougar population dynamics in southern Utah","Lindzey FG;van Sickle WD;Ackerman BB;Hemker TP;Laing SP;","1994  ","","3US;population dynamics;Puma concolor;reproduction;Utah;","IN FILE","619","624","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","58","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lindzey_et_al_1994_Cougar_population_dynamics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1622","Population Characteristics and Social-Spatial Patterns of the Tiger (Panthera tigris) on the eastern Macroslope of the Sikhate-Alin Mountain Range, USSR","Bragin AP;","1986  ","(English version ID 1501)","7RU;characteristic;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;population dynamics;Sikhote-Alin;social system;spatial organization;tiger;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","Vladivostock","Academy of scienses of the USSR, Far East Science Center, Pacific Institute of Geography","Russian","","","","","","","Based on the materials collected in l984-85 on two model areas of 13238 and 10388 km2 within the limits of the eastern macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin the demographic and social-spatial characteristics of the Amur tiger population are described and compared with the published data on the Bengal subspecies. The notion is elaborated on the connection between the demographic structure of the population and its social organization and on the intraspecific variability of socio-demographic systems of the tiger in different environments and at different population densities. The hypothesis is formulated of the behavioral mechanism of transformation of population genetic structure in varying environments where the change of the social organization ensures the optimum relation between the population density and the sex ratio. It is supposed that the direction of natural selection changes as a result of the change under the environmental influence of the demographic and, respectively, of the social-spatial population structure.","","","","","","","","Bragin_1986_Population_characteristics_and_social-spatial_patterns_of_the_tiger_-_Russian.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1623","Sand Hill Cat, Caracal, Turan Tiger, Amur Tiger, Transcaucasian leopard","Nasimovich AA;","1970  ","","7RU;Caracal caracal;Caracal caracal michaelis;endangered species;Felis margarita;Felis margarita thinobia;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris virgata;","IN FILE","4","5","","","","","","Rare and endangered species of mammals and their protection in the U.S.S.R.","Field H;","","Miami Florida","Field research projects","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","pdf ist nicht mehr vorhanden!?","","","",""
"RPRT","1624","The environmental status of the South China Tiger in Guangdong ProvinceBiological features of the South China Tiger","Long-Hui X;","1987 Jun ","","4CN;behavior;Guangdong;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;status;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Long-Hui_1987_Environmental_status_of_the_South_China_tiger_in_Guangdong_Province.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1625","South China Tiger (Felis tigris amoyensis Hilzheimer), Leopard (Felis paruds fusca F.A.A. Meyer) and Chinese Small Spotted Tiger-cat (Felis bengalensis chinensis Gray)","Herklots GAC;","1951  ","","4CN;4HK;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis;","IN FILE","86","89","","","","","6","The Hong Kong Countryside","","","Hong Kong","South China Morning Post, LTD.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Herklots_1951_South_China_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1626","The challenge and strategies for management of South China Tiger","Gui XJ;","","recommendations for the development of a conservation plan for the South China Tiger","CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat destruction;habitat requirements;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;poaching;South China tiger;status;subspecies;threat;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Among the five extant subspecies of tiger in the world, the South China Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) is probably the most endangered. It is endemic to China and occurs in very low numbers. There is a paucity of data on this subspecies from the wild and during the last two decades its precarious status has been realised. The main reason for its present perilous status is poaching and habitat destruction. A survey was conducted from 1988 to 1992 to determine status and habitat quality of this endangered subspecies. This survey was carried out in four provinces of south China where past record had shown major distribution of tigers. It was observed that tigers now occurred only at the boundaries of provinces as the central portions of all provinces have been urbanized. Even at the boundaries they occurred in low numbers. Although there is lack of information on the status and habitat requirements, problems and strategies for conservation could be visualised. An indepth ecological study on the South China Tiger is urgently required for making proper management recommendations.","","","","","","","","Gui_-_Challenge_and_strategies_for_management_of_South_China_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1627","The critical effective size for a genetically secure population","Lynch M;Lande R;","1998  ","","effective population size;genetic variation;population genetics;population size;","IN FILE","70","72","Animal Conservation","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lynch_&_Lande_1998_Population_size.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1628","Distribution and status of the Chinese Tiger","Houji L;Helin S;","1986  ","","4CN;biology;conservation;distribution;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Cats of the World: Biology, Conservation, and Management","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington D.C.","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Houji_&_Helin_1986_Distribution_and_status_of_the_Chinese_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1629","Survey on South China Tiger","Long-Hui X;","1987  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;record;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","","","","","Chinese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Long-Hui_1987_Survey_on_South_China_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1630","Breeding of South Chinese Tiger in Captivity","Benren Z;Wenyang G;Juxing X;","1987  ","","breeding;captive breeding;mating behavior;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;sexual maturity;","IN FILE","103","110","Zoological Research","","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Benren_et_al_1987_Breeding_of_South_Chinese_Tiger_in_Captivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1631","Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est","Mazak V;","1968  ","","Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris corbetti;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","104","112","Mammalia","","","","32","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazak_1968_New_subspecies_of_tiger_Panthera_tigris_corbetti.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1632","The Javan Tiger and the Meru-Betiri Reserve","Seidensticker J;Suyono I;","1980  ","","4ID;conservation;Java;management;Meru Betiri;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;","IN FILE","1","167","","","","","","","","","Gland","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_&_Suyono_1980_Javan_Tiger_and_the_Meru-Betiri_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1633","Taxonomic details. Past and present range in Indonesia, in particular Java","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;distribution;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;Rhinoceros sp.;taxonomy;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","241","243","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart IV: The Javan Tiger","","31","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Taxonomic_details_of_Javan_Tiger_and_range_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1634","The great decline in Java and its causes. Measures to prevent extermination","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;conservation;endangered species;extinction;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;Rhinoceros sp.;threat;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","244","245","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart IV: The Javan Tiger","","32","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Javan_Tiger_Extinction.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1635","Physical and behavioural details","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;behavior;biometrics;Java;morphology;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;Rhinoceros sp.;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","246","256","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart IV: The Javan Tiger","","33","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Javan_Tiger_Biology.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1636","The situation in Udjung Kulon","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;distribution;history;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;population dynamics;population size;Rhinoceros sp.;status;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","257","270","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart IV: The Javan Tiger","","34","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Javan_Tiger_status_in_Udjung_Kulon.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1637","Reservation of the Udjung kulon tiger","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;distribution;Java;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sondaica;population size;record;Rhinoceros sp.;sighting;status;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","271","272","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart IV: The Javan Tiger","","35","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Javan_Tiger_Reservation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1638","Taxonomic details. Distribution, mainly in Indonesia, and protective measures","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;conservation;distribution;Java;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;Rhinoceros sp.;status;taxonomy;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","387","389","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart X: The Panther (Panthera pardus melas (Cuvier))","","64","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Panther_distribution_taxonomy_and_conservation_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1639","Physical details","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;behavior;coloration;Java;measurement;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;Rhinoceros sp.;faeces;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","390","393","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart X: The Panther (Panthera pardus melas (Cuvier))","","65","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Physics_of_Panther_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1640","Biological details","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;behavior;diet;habitat;hunting behavior;Java;maneater;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;prey;reproduction;Rhinoceros sp.;social system;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","394","400","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart X: The Panther (Panthera pardus melas (Cuvier))","","66","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Biology_of_Panther_in_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1641","The situation in Udjung Kulon","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;distribution;Java;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;population size;Rhinoceros sp.;status;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","401","403","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan RhinocerosPart X: The Panther (Panthera pardus melas (Cuvier))","","67","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Situation_of_Panther_in_Udjung_Kulon.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1642","Smaller predators","Hoogerwerf A;","1970  ","","4ID;Java;predator;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis;Prionailurus viverrina;Rhinoceros sp.;status;Udjung Kulon;","IN FILE","411","412","","","","","","Udjung Kulon - The land of the last Javan Rhinoceros","","69","Leiden","E.J. Brill","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogerwerf_1970_Smaller_predators_in_Udjung_Kulon.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1643","The status, distribution and conservation of the tiger Panthera tigris in Bhutan","Dorji DP;Santiapillai C;","1989  ","","4BT;conservation;density;distribution;Panthera tigris;population size;status;","IN FILE","311","319","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","48","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dorji_&_Santiapillai_1989_Tiger_status_in_Bhutan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1644","Candid cameras catch rare Asian cats","Raloff J;","2000 Jun 24 ","","4KH;camera trap;Panthera tigris;Pardofelis marmorata;","IN FILE","","","Science News","","","","157","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Raloff_2000_Camera_trapping_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1645","Conservationists seeking to convert poachers","Mockenhaupt B;","2000 Jul 21 ","","4KH;anti-poaching;conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","1","13","Cambodia Daily","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mockenhaupt_2000_Conservationists_seeking_to_convert_poachers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1646","Camera trapping sparks debate on tiger numbers","Kyne P;","1999  23.07.-05.08.","","4KH;camera trap;Panthera tigris;population size;trapping;","IN FILE","","","Phnom Penh Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kyne_1999_Camera_trapping_sparks_debate_on_tiger_numbers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1647","Corruption, War and Forest Policy - The unsustainable exploitation of Cambodia's forestsA Briefing Document by Global Witness","","1996 Feb ","","4KH;4TH;deforestation;forest;politics;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","London","Global Witness","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Global_Witness_1996_Corruption_War_and_Forest_Policy.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1648","The distribution of tiger, leopard, elephant and wild cattle (Gaur, Banteng, Buffalo, Khting and Kouprey) in CambodiaInterim report: July 1998","Weiler H;","1998 Jul ","","4KH;cattle;density;distribution;Elephas maximus;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","Kimchhay H;Kimsan O;Masphal K;Polin S;Seiha U;Nowell K;Hean S;Vuthy L;Soriyun M;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Weiler_1998_Tiger_leopard_elephant_and_wild_cattle_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1649","National status survey for tigers in Cambodia","Nowell K;Hean S;Weiler H;Smith JLD;","1999  ","Manuscript","4KH;distribution;Panthera tigris;population size;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_et_al_1999_National_status_survey_for_tigers_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1650","Last roar for the South China tiger","Williams M;","2001 Jan ","","4CN;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;","IN FILE","39","40","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Williams_2001_Last_roar_for_the_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1651","Tiger-Human Conflict in South-Eastern Tibet","Jiang QM;","1996 Jan ","","4CN;conflict;livestock damage;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Tibet;","IN FILE","","","Oryx","","","","30","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Qui_1996_Tiger-human_conflict_in_south-eastern_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1652","Preliminary assessment of large mammals in the Namcha Barwa region of south-eastern Tibet","Jiang QM;Bleisch WV;","1996 Jan ","","4CN;conflict;livestock damage;Namcha Barwa;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;population size;Tibet;","IN FILE","37","44","Oryx","","","","30","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Qiu_&_Bleisch_1996_large_mammals_in_south-eastern_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"ART","1653","The Tigers would drive demon away","","","","4CN;culture;Panthera tigris;poem;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The tigers would drive demon away and bring states and peoples peace and happiness","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Tigers_would_drive_demon_away.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1654","The nomenclature and distribution of tigers in ChinaAnnual meeting of the Chinese Society of Mammals","Bangjie T;","1983 Oct ","Chinese","4CN;distribution;Panthera tigris;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","","","Chinese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bangjie_1983_Nomenclature_and_distribution_of_tigers_in_China_Chinese.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1655","The status and conservation of tigers in China","Ma Y;Li X;Sheng H;","","Manuscript","4CN;conservation;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ma_et_al_-_Status_and_conservation_of_tigers_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1656","WWF clarifies position on Project Tiger","","1978 Aug 3 ","","4IN;Panthera tigris;project;Project Tiger;WWF;","IN FILE","1","3","Press release","","","","","","","","Bombay","WWF India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1978_Project_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1657","Response to Lynch and Lande","Frankham R;Franklin IR;","1998  ","Response to RefID 1627","effective population size;genetic variation;population genetics;population size;","IN FILE","73","73","Animal Conservation","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frankham_&_Franklin_1998_Population_size.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1658","Dead snow leopard Uncia uncia at Yabuk, Dongkung (5500 m) in north Sikkim","Ganguli-Lachungpa U;","1999 May 28 ","","4CN;Himalaya;Sikkim;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ganguli-Lachungpa_1999_Dead_Snow_leopard_in_North_Sikkim.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1659","The spottet cats: in danger -- or in danger of danger?","Myers N;","1971  ","","behavior;conservation;ecology;Felidae;fur trade;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","50","The World's Cats","","","","","International Symposium on the ecology, behavior, and conservation of the world's cats, 1971","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Myers_1971_Spottet_cat_in_danger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1660","Unprecedented Sino-Indian agreement to save tigers","Chan M;Ruxton J;Mills J;","1995 Mar 3 ","see RefID: 221, 1661","4CN;4IN;Act;agreement;conservation;Panthera tigris;trade;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","Gland, Switzerland","WWF International","English","","","","","","","Press release on the agreement between India and China to conserve tiger populations in the wild and end illegal trade in tiger parts as well as captive breeding of tigers for consumption. The agreement was officially signed on March 2 in 1995.","","","","","","","","Chan_et_al_1995_Unprecedented_Sino-Indian_agreement_to_save_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"STAT","1661","Draft Indo-Chinese protocol for tiger conservation","","1993 May 14 ","Draft of RefID:221","4CN;4IN;Act;agreement;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;legislation;Panthera tigris;poaching;tiger;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Draft of the agreement between India and China to conserve tiger populations in the wild and end illegal trade in tiger parts as well as captive breeding of tigers for consumption.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_India_China_and_tiger_conservation_Draft.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1662","A perfect world","Galhano Alves JP;","1996 Oct 31 ","","4IN;biodiversity;conservation;public attitude;Rajasthan;","IN FILE","32","34","Down to Earth","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Galhano_Alves_1996_Perfect_world.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1663","The state of the tiger - Indias tiger crisis","","1998  ","","4IN;EIA;Indian Tiger Crisis;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","37","","","","","2","","","","London - Washington","EIA - Environmental investigation agency","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","EIA_1998_State_of_the_tiger_-_Indias_tiger_crisis.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1664","The political wilderness: Indias tiger crisis","","1996  ","","4IN;Act;EIA;Indian Tiger Crisis;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;status;threat;trade;","IN FILE","1","37","","","","","1","","","","London - Washington DC","EIA - Environmental investigation agency","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","EIA_1996_Political_wilderness_-_Indias_tiger_crisis.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1665","Tiger situation in India","Singh SP;","1996  ","","4IN;anti-poaching;conservation;Panthera tigris;politics;status;WWF;","IN FILE","1","4","Tiger Update","","","","1","","","5","New Delhi","WWF India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1996_Tiger_situation_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1666","Identification of camera-trapped tigers - WII study re-examines the method","","1996  ","","4IN;camera trap;identification of individuals;method;Panthera tigris;WWF;","IN FILE","5","5","Tiger Update","","","","1","","","5","New Delhi","WWF India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_1996_Identification_of_camera-trapped_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1667","Day of the tiger?","","1996 Oct 15 ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;politics;","IN FILE","14","15","Down to Earth","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Day_of_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1668","WWF misusing tigers' money","","1996 Sep 20 ","","4IN;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_WWF_misusing_tigers_money.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1669","Tiger 'trapped' in crossfire","Rai U;","1996 Sep 19 ","","conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rai_1996_Tiger_trapped_in_crossfire.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1670","Controversy over vanishing tiger","","1996 Sep 20 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Project Tiger;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindu","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Controversy_over_vanishing_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1671","The tiger takes a backseat as NGOs battle it out","","1996 Sep 20 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Project Tiger;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","Statesman","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Tiger_takes_a_backseat_as_NGOs_battle_it_out.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1672","Weasels poach into big cat funds","Bhattacharyya A;","1996 Sep 16 ","","4IN;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattacharyya_1996_Weasels_poach_into_big_cat_funds.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1673","Report on tiger conservation makes green lobby furiousUK trust predicts big cat's extinction in five years","","1996 Sep 20 ","","4IN;conservation;extinction;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","","","","","Indian Express","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Green_lobby_furious_-_Indian_Tiger_Crisis.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1674","Britain's Tiger Trust seeks audit of WWF-India accounts","","1996 Sep 20 ","","4IN;Indian Tiger Crisis;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;trade;","IN FILE","3","3","Asian Age","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Indian_Tiger_Crisis_Tiger_Trust_and_WWF.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1675","WWF Suppressed vital tiger report - Conservation giant failing in its bid to save the tiger","Day M;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;tiger;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","London","Tiger Trust","English","","","","","","","Press release; The WWF is criticized because of his inactivity to save the indian tiger.","","","","","","","","Day_1996_WWF_suppressed_vital_tiger_report.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1676","Claws are out for Philip's charity in tiger cash row","Ingham J;","1996 Sep 12 ","","4IN;claw;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Daily Express","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Prince Philip's wildlife charity was accused yesterday of raising a fortune on the back of the tiger. But, said critics, the World Wide Fund for Nature was spending just a pittance trying to save it. The attack came from conservationists of the Tiger Trust as they warned that poachers could render the species extinct within five years.","","","","","","","","Ingham_1996_Claws_are_out_for_Philips_charity_in_tiger_cash_row.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1677","Claws bared in war over saving the Indian tiger","Goodwin S;","1996 Sep 12 ","","4IN;claw;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;politics;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Independent","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodwin_1996_Claws_bared_in_war_over_saving_the_Indian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1678","End of tiger in 5 years - Charity rapped over poachers","Miller I;","1996 Sep 12 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;WWF;","IN FILE","15","","Daily Mirror","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miller_1996_End_of_tiger_in_five_years.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1679","Wildlife charity denies failing to devote donations to saving tiger","Brown P;","1996 Sep 12 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Guardian","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brown_1996_Wildlife_charity_denies_failing_to_devote_donations_to_saving_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1680","Wildlife fund 'splashes out on facelift as tigers perish'","Clover C;","1996 Sep 12 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","","","Daily Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clover_1996_Wildlife_fund_splashes_out_on_facelift_as_tigers_perish.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1681","War over saving Indian tiger","Goodwin S;","1996 Sep 14 ","","4IN;conservation;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;poaching;politics;Tiger Trust;wildlife;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodwin_1996_War_over_saving_Indian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1682","The Big Cat Cover Up - The truth behind the Indian tiger crisis","Day M;","1996  ","","4IN;Indian Tiger Crisis;Panthera tigris;status;Tiger Trust;","IN FILE","1","66","","","","","","","","","Suffolk, UK","The Tiger Trust","English","","","","","","","The Indian tiger is currently at the mercy of a rapidly growing number of determined and well connected criminals who are exploiting the complete absence of an effective and coordinated anti-poaching deterrent in India. Last year it is thought that at least 500 tigers were killed by organized gangs of poachers supplying the illegal wildlife trade routes to China and the Far East. With a population now thought to be below 2,500, it is not difficult to foresee the inevitable outcome of this illicit slaughter.","","","","","","","","Day_1996_Truth_behind_the_Indian_tiger_crisis.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1683","Factors regulating a natural population of Iberian lynxesReintroduction of predators in protected area, Torino","Delibes M;","1989  ","","8ES;density;Donana;feeding;habitat;public attitude;interspecific competition;Lynx pardinus;population;predator;nature reserve;reintroduction;","IN FILE","96","99","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The title of my communication can be misleading. Usually, regulation refers to density-dependent mechanisms able to keep a population close to the carrying capacity of the habitat.. However, a lot of factors act modifying this carrying capacity in our fast changing developed world. On the other hand, natural population suggests a lack of human influence, something like pre-human conditions of life. But this situation does not occur in Western Europe even in the more protected areas, as it is in the Doñana National Park. Therefore, I will summarize our studies on the factors affecting the size of a non introduced Iberian lynx population in Southwestern Spain. I hope we will be able to obtain some general conclusions, useful for the planning of reintroductions, from this particular case.","","","1987  ","","","","","Delibes_1989_Factors_regulating_a_natural_population_of_Iberian_lynxes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1684","Rates and causes of mortality in a fragmented population of Iberian lynx Felis pardina Temminck, 1824","Ferreras P;Aldama JJ;Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1992  ","","8ES;Donana;Lynx pardinus;mortality;population trend;public attitude;telemetry;","IN FILE","197","202","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Data are presented on mortality rates of the Iberianlynx Felis pardina in Doñana National Park and the surrounding area in southwestern Spain, collected from 1983 to 1989. Data from radio-tagged lynxes and records of lynx mortality were used to assess causes of death. Annual mortality rate, estimated by using Heisey and Fuller methodology, was 0.37. Human activities were the main cause of lynx mortality in this mainly fully protected area, either directly (illegal trapping: 41.7%; road traffic: 16.7%; hunting with dogs: 8.3%) or indirectly (artesian wells: 8.3%). Only 8.3% of the annual mortality can be related unequivocally to natural causes. Sex, age, social status, year, and home range situation influenced mortality rates. The trend of this lynx population during the seven years of study revealed serious threats to its survival. This case study exemplified how a small population can approach extinction because of increased mortality due to habitat fragmentation, despite full protection of the main portion of its range.","","","","","","","","Ferreras_et_al_1992_Mortality_in_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1685","Ecologia trofica del lince Iberico en Donana durante un periodo seco","Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1991  ","Spanish","8ES;conservation;Donana;feeding;feeding behavior;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;prey;","IN FILE","113","122","Donana, Acta Vertebrata","","","","18","","","1","","","Spanish","","","","","","","We report on Iberian lynx food habits form February 1983 to September 1984, as determined by analysis of 209 scats collected thoughout Doñana Biological Reserve. Overall, food habits were similar to those reported by Delibes (1980), confirming the key role of rabbits in the lynx diet (1983-84: 70.1%, and 73.5% ten years before, both expressed as frequency of occurrence computed from the total of species found in faeces). Nevertheless, we also note an increase in the occurrence of alternative prey such as small mammals and wildfowl, mainly greylag geese (28 occurrences in 1983-84, none in 1973-1976). We explain these food habits shifts as responses to changes in prey availability caused by a) the severe drought of winter 1982-83, and b) changes in traditional patterns of land use. The implications of this trophic plasticity in both the Iberian lynx ecology and conservation policies are discussed.","","","","","","","","Beltran_&_Delibes_1991_Ecologia_trofica_del_lince_Iberico_en_Donana_durante_un_periodo_seco.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1686","An analysis of the Iberian lynx predation upon fallow deer in the coto Donana, SW Spai17th Congress of the International Union of Game Biologist, Brussels","Beltran JF;Sanjose C;Delibes M;Braza F;","1985  ","(with Spanish and French summary)","8ES;Dama dama;deer;Donana;hunting behavior;Lynx pardinus;predation;scats;carcass;prey;rabbit;red deer;adult;condition;kill;mortality;habitat;area;starvation;","IN FILE","961","967","","","","","","","","","Sevilla","Est.Biol.Donana","English","","","","","","","Analysed are 1537 scats of lynxes and 24 carcasses of deer killed by lynxes from 1973 to 1984 at the Doñana Biological Reserve. Lynx predation upon deer is low (0-8% of the prey) and concentrates in Autumn-Winter, when rabbit supply and doe-fawn relationships decrease. Fallow deer are statistically chosen as prey more often than red deer, and fawns more often than adults. Individuals in good and bad physical condition are evenly captured. Lynxes kill deer by biting their throats. They will usually eat the muscular tissue of the shoulders and thighs. Onde individual lynx can eat from the same carcasse three of four times in two days. Lynx predation seems to account at least for 50% fawn mortality of fallow deer in Doñana. Anyhow, fallow deer have strong habitat restrictions in the area and predation could be a type of starvation related mortality.","","","1985 Sep 17th - 21st","","","","","Beltran_et_al_1985_Iberian_lynx_predation_upon_fallow_deer.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1687","Etude comparative des régimes alimentaires du lynx pardelle (Lynx pardina Temminck, 1824) et du chat sauvage (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) au centre de la péninsula Ibérique","Aymerich M;","1982  ","","8ES;8PT;Felis silvestris;habitat use;home range;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","515","521","Mammalia","","","","46","","","4","","","French","","","","","","","A comparative study of the feeding habits of the Spanish lynx and the wildcat was conducted in central Spain, by analyzing digestive tracts of these 2 spp. Rabbits, hares and red partridges amount to 97.2% for the lynx and 79.3% for the cat of the biomass consumed. The only main difference  is  the larger number of small mammals caught by the cat. The similitary of their feeding habits and the fact that they live in the  same biotope indicate a possible feeding rivalry between these 2 felines; this competition does not seem to be important for the cat's survival at a regional level. It could be possible that locally, lynx has  a negative influence on the cats density; this fact has not been demostrated.","","","","","","","","Aymerich_1982_Regimes_alimentaires_du_lynx_pardelle_et_du_chat_sauvage.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1688","Physical characteristics of Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus) from Donana, southwestern Spain","Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1993  ","","8ES;biometrics;characteristic;Donana;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","852","862","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","74","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","External and cranial measurements were determined for live-trapped Iberian lynxes and lynx skulls from Doñana National Park, Spain, and its surroundings. Skins of Iberian lynxes from the same population collected between 1895 and 1986 were examined to determine pelage-pattern characteristics. Adult (more than 2 years old) males were larger and heavier (27.3%) than females. Age-classes were statistically different for most skull measurements. Considerable variation was found between juveniles (0.5-1 year old) and subadults (1-2 years old). In 10 of 19 skull measurements, adult males were significantly larger than adult females, including length of m1, mandibular fossa - length of P4, height of mandible, length of skull, and condylobasal length. Iberian lynxes were similar in size to the Nearctic bobcat (L. rufus) and the Canadian lynx (L. canadensis). Three main pelage patterns were present in the Doñana population until 1960. Genetic variation of this population may have decreased during the past 3 decades as exemplified by the loss of the two rarest pelage patterns.","","","","","","","","Beltran_&_Delibes_1993_Characteristics_of_Iberian_lynxes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1689","Energy expenditure and prey requirements of free-ranging Iberian lynx in Southwestern Spain","Aldama JJ;Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1991  ","","8ES;Donana;energetics;feeding behavior;hunting behavior;Iberian lynx;locomotion;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;prey selection;telemetry;","IN FILE","635","641","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","55","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","We developed an additive model to estimate seasonal energy expenditure of nonreproductive, free-ranging Iberian lynx (Felis pardina) at Doñana National Park in southwestern Spain. We considered only resting, locomotion, hunting, and eating costs. Data for the model were provided by radiomonitoring and adult male (15.4 kg) and an adult female (9.95 kg) in 24-hour samples (n=53) between 1983 and 1985. Average daily energy expenditure was 912 kcal for the male and 673 kcal for the female, with greater seasonal variation in the male. Based on the energy content fo the lynx's staple prey, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), we estimated the prey requirements of this endangered felid as about 1 rabbit per day.","","","","","","","","Aldama_et_al_1991_Energy_and_prey_of_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1690","Conservation of altitude-belts groupings of big mammals of the northern Tyan-Shan","Koshkarev EP;","1991  ","Abstract in English","4Asia;conservation;Mammalia;population trend;Tyan-Shan;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","68","75","","Becth Mock Yh-Ta","","","5","","","6","","","Russian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koshkarev_1991_Conservation_of_altitude-belts_groupings_of_big_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1691","Diet of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal","Oli MK;Taylor IR;Rogers ME;","1993  ","","4NP;Annapurna;conservation;diet;faecal analysis;prey;scat analysis;seasonality;snow leopard;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","365","370","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","231","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The diet of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was studied from 213 scats collected between April 1990 and February 1991 in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Seven species of wild and five species of domestic mammals were taken, as well as an unidentified mammal and birds. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were the most frequently eaten prey. Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) were also important, except in winter when they were hibernating. During winter, snow leopards ate more Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) and domestic livestock. Yaks were eaten more frequently than other livestock types.","","","","","","","","Oli_et_al_1993_Diet_of_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1692","A key for the identification of the hair of mammals of a snow leopard (Panthea uncia) habitat in Nepal","Oli MK;","1993  ","","4NP;Annapurna;diet;faecal analysis;habitat;hair;hair identification;Mammalia;predation;prey;scat analysis;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","71","93","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","231","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Analysis of prey remains in scats, particularly hairs, is widely used to study diet of mammalian predators, but identification of hair is often difficult because hair structures vary considerably both within and between species. Use of photographic reference of diagnostically important hair structures from mammals occurring in a predator's habitat has been found to be convenient for routine identification. A photographic reference key was developed for the identification of hairs of the mammals know to occur in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The key included a photographic reference of the diagnostic hair structures of nine species of wild and five species of domestic mammals. The cross-sectional appearance, shape and arrangement of medulla, the ratio of cortex to medulla, and the form and distribution of pigment in medulla and cortex were important diagnostic aids in the identification of hairs.","","","","","","","","Oli_1993_Identification_of_hair_of_Nepalese_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1693","Snow leopards breed at Darjeeling Zoo","Rishi V;","1989  ","","breeding;captive breeding;kitten;observation;Uncia uncia;zoo;","IN FILE","1","4","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rishi_1989_Snow_leopards_breed_at_Darjeeling_Zoo.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1694","Systematic conservation planning","Margules CR;Pressey RL;","2000  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;management;nature reserve design;","IN FILE","243","253","Nature","","","","405","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Margules_&_Pressey_2000_Systematic_conservation_planning.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1695","Plant and animal dynamics in Sundarban mangroves - An ecological study","Chakrabarti K;","1986  ","","fauna;flora;genetic variation;mangrove;Sundarban;","IN FILE","147","151","Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","A Synthetic analysis of flora - fauna has been made for the mangroves of Sundarbans and other forest types of West Bengal, Mangrove Zone situated below the tide level was observed to be comparatively rich in generic and specific diversity than other zones which are either frequently inundated or situated above the tide level. Generic diversity of the flora of Sundarbans mangrove was observed to be lower than that of North and South Bengal. Molluscs were found to be more diverse that that of the Crustaceans, fish and other kinds of organism. Generic diversity of trees, shrubs and herbs of South Bengal were observed to be higher than those of Sundarban mangroves but lower than those of North Bengal.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1986_Ecology_of_Sundarban_mangroves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1696","The Sundarbans Tiger","Chakrabarti K;","1984  ","","hunting behavior;kill rate;maneater;Panthera tigris;population size;religion;Sundarban;","IN FILE","459","460","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","81","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1984_Sundarbans_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1697","A growth study of the Crab Scylla serrata Forsk. In the Sundarbans","Chakrabarti K;","1981  ","","measurement;Scylla serrata;Sundarban;","IN FILE","102","106","Indian Journal of Forestry","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","In this paper a statistico-bio-ecological study was made to probe into the length-weight relationship of the crab - Scylla serrata and the co-efficient of condition for the said species was computed to determine a suitable criterion for maturity and hence to find out an index of potential extinction of this crab species in the estuarine environment of the Sundarbans. Different regression equations have been calculated so that statistical forecast has been possible for either of the two variates length and weight of the crab species. If one of the variates is known, other could be derived easily from the prediction formula. Statistical tests of significance have indicated that a logarithmic regression exists between length and weight in both male and female crabs and that the female crab attains maturity much earlier than that of her male counterpart.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1981_Growth_study_of_the_crab_in_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1698","Sundarbans mangroves - Biomass productivity and resource utilization an indepth study","Chakrabarti K;","1987  ","","4IN;biomass;mangrove;resource utilization;Sundarban;","IN FILE","622","628","","","Indian Forester","","113","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1987_Sundarbans_mangroves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1699","An Eco-Biological study on conservation of mangrove ecosystem of the Sundarbans","Chakrabarti K;","1985  ","","conservation;ecosystem;habitat;mangrove;Panthera tigris;herbivore-plant relation;Sundarban;","IN FILE","53","59","Van Vigyan","","","","23","","","3 & 4","","","English","","","","","","","Observations on the plant-animal relations and adaptations of different forms of living organisms of the mangrove swamps are presented. Principal forest formations inhabited by Sundarbans tigers have been described with vegetation types. Ecological dynamics of the plant-animal complex indicate strict protection of the habitat. The mangrove zone situated below the tide level was observed to be comparatively rich in generic and specific diversity over other zones which are frequently inundated. Salinity and tidal fluctuations in the mangrove swamps are the critical factors that regulate the physical and chemical environment of the entire biota. All other biotic and abiotic factors that exert considerable force on the environment have also been identified. Habitat formations like pure Cereops; Excaecaria-Cereops which record high soil salinity also exhibit significantly higher human casualties from tiger. Soil salinity has been correlated with human casualties from tiger in different habitat formation types.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1985_Eco-Biological_study_in_mangroves_of_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1700","Sundarbans honey and the mangrove swamps","Chakrabarti K;","1987  ","","4IN;Apis dorsata;honey;mangrove;Sundarban;","IN FILE","133","137","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","84","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The present paper discusses various aspects of honey production and the behaviour pattern of the honey bees in the estuarine tracts of the Sundarbans where the terrain is peculiar, the environment is tropical and humid, wind velocity is high and the forests are dense and low. It covers the aspects of annual honey and wax production and corresponding number of the permit holders and their casualties from man-eaters, the size pattern of the honey combs and corresponding honey production; honey production relating to the distance of honey comb from the ground level; host-comb relationship; nectar, pollen grains and colour of honey; phenology of forest plants. The observations have been statistically analysed and the findings clearly stated and represented. These aspects of Apis dorsata have never been studied in such detail in estuarine tract in its natural habitat and the results of the observations has economic significance and will help at better work schedule for honey collection.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1987_Sundarbans_honey_and_the_mangrove_swamps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1701","Sundarbans mangroves of India - A study on conservation status","Chakrabarti K;","1987  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;genetic variation;mangrove;herbivore-plant relation;status;Sundarban;","IN FILE","352","358","","","Indian Forester","","113","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","In this paper, an analysis has been made of fauna-flora dynamics generic and species diversity of the animal vegetation complex for the Sundarbans mangroves. Calculations of generic and specific diversities have been made in various types of micro-ecosystems, differentiated on the basis of tidal rhythms with respect to the floral and faunal organisms. Diversities were also computed for fishes, molluscs and crustaceans. Mangrove zone, situated below the tide level was observed to be comparatively rich in generic and specific diversity over other zones which are frequently inundated or above the tide levels. Again the generic diversity of Sundarbans molluscs were found to be more than that of tree vegetation, crustaceans, fish and other kinds of faunal organisms.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1987_Sundarbans_mangroves_of_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1702","Fish and fish resources in the mangrove swamps of Sundarbans, West Bengal - An indepth study","Chakrabarti K;","1986  ","","4IN;Bengal;ecology;fishing;mangrove;population;Sundarban;","IN FILE","538","542","","","Indian Forester","","112","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","The organisation of a rational fishery in the Sundarbans Mangrove swamps holds bright promise to boost the economy of West Bengal. Scientific exploitation of fish resources is an economic proposition. This study identifies the optimum time and place of fishing and other conditions to ensure high productivity of fish populations. The paper also describes the ecology of fish species and silvo-pisciculture aspect of the mangrove swamps, and quantifies the fish catch in brackish water fisheries.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1986_Fish_and_fish_resources_in_the_Mangrove_swamps_of_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1703","Wild Life biology of Sundarbans Forests 1","Chaudhuri AB;Chakrabarti K;","1974  ","","biology;forest;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","207","210","Science and Culture","","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakrabarti_1974_Wildlife_biology_of_Sundarbans_forests_1.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1704","Wild Life biology of Sundarbans Forests 2","Chaudhuri AB;Chakrabarti K;","1974  ","","biology;forest;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","210","212","Science and Culture","","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakrabarti_1974_Wildlife_biology_of_Sundarbans_forests_2.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1705","Analysis of predator-prey balance in Bandipur Tiger Reserve with reference to census reports","Karanth KU;","1988  ","","4IN;Bandipur;biomass;Cuon alpinus;density;method;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;population size;predator-prey;prey selection;","IN FILE","1","8","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","85","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1988_Predator-prey_balance_in_Bandipur_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1706","Allocating Scarce Resources for Conservation of Endangered Subspecies: Partitioning Zoo Space for Tigers","Maguire LA;Lacy RC;","1990  ","","captive breeding;conservation;endangered species;genetic variation;Panthera tigris;status;subspecies;zoo;","IN FILE","157","166","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maguire_&_Lacy_1990_Allocating_space_among_species.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1707","How many tigers can there be?","Karanth KU;","1991  ","","density;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;population size;prey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Great Cats","Seidensticker J;Lumpkin S;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1991_How_many_tigers_can_there_be.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1708","The use of CI-744 to immobilize free-ranging tigers and leopards","Seidensticker J;Tamang KM;Gray CW;","1974  ","","4NP;CI-744;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;telemetry;immobilization;","IN FILE","22","25","","","Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_et_al_1974_Immobilizing_free-ranging_tigers_and_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1709","Prey selection in three large sympatric carnivores in Bandipur","Johnsingh AJT;","1992  ","","4IN;Bandipur;Cuon alpinus;faecal analysis;kill rate;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predation;prey selection;","IN FILE","517","526","Mammalia","","","","56","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1992_Prey_selection_in_carnivores_in_Bandipur.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1710","On the Ecological Separation between Tigers and Leopards","Seidensticker J;","1976  ","","4NP;activity;coexistence;diet;distribution;habitat;home range;leopard;movement pattern;niche;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;prey;tiger;","IN FILE","225","234","Biotropica","","","","8","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","In the Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal, the tiger (Panthera tigris) and the leopard (Panthera pardus) coexist in the riverine forest/tall grass vegetation types. These two big cats differ in the size of prey killed, use of vegetation types, and in activity periods. Although the tiger's weight is four times that of the leopard, coexistence is reportedly not the general rule. A comparison of the results from Chitawan with Kanha National Park (India), where resident tigers occur but leopards are only transients, and Wilpattu National Park (Sri Lanka), where there are leopards but no tigers, indicates that coexistence in Chitawan is facilitated by a large prey biomass, a larger proportion of the ungulate biomass in the small size classes, and by the dense vegetation structure. Some consequences of predator size and the role of interspecific dominance are discussed.","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_1976_Ecological_separation_of_tigers_and_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1711","Tiger predatory behaviour, ecology and conservationMammals as Predators","Seidensticker J;McDougal CW;","1993  ","","4NP;behavior;conservation;ecology;hunting behavior;Panthera tigris;predator;predator-human conflict;prey selection;","IN FILE","105","125","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","65","","Dunstone N;Gorman ML;","","Oxford","The Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","","","","1991 Nov 22nd and 23rd","","","","","Seidensticker_&_McDougal_1993_Tiger_predatory_behaviour.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1712","Problem Tiger in the Sundarbans","Seidensticker J;Lahiri RK;Das KC;Wright A;","1976  ","","4IN;capture;maneater;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;problem animal;public attitude;Sundarban;tiger;","IN FILE","267","274","Oryx","","","","8","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","In August 1974 a young male tiger moved into a populated area in the Sundarbans, the delta of the Ganges, and killed one woman and a number of livestock. Rather than destroy the animal the Forest Directorate decided to capture it, using immobilising drugs, and release in in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve. This was successfully done, but less than a week later it was found dead from wounds evidently inflicted by another tiger. The authors discuss the implications of the incident, the publicity it attracted, and the changes in public attitudes.","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_et_al_1976_Problem_tiger_in_the_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1713","Population structure, density and biomass of large herbivores in the tropical forests of Nagarahole, India","Karanth KU;Sunquist ME;","1992  ","","4IN;biomass;density;forest;habitat;herbivore;Mammalia;Nagarahole;population;population structure;","IN FILE","21","35","Journal of Tropical Ecology","Trop Ecol ","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_&_Sunquist_1992_Herbivore_populations_in_an_Indian_forest.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1714","A statistical investigation on wild life census and monitoring","Chakrabarti K;","1982  ","","population size;monitoring;statistic;wildlife;","IN FILE","147","152","","","","","4","Proc.Symp.Ecol.Anim.Popul.zool.Surv.India","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1982_Investigation_of_wildlife_census.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1715","Status of wildlife and habitat conservation in Karnataka","Karanth KU;","1986  ","","4IN;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat conservation;Karnataka;nature reserve;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","166","179","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83 (Supplement)","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1986_Conservation_in_Karnataka.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1716","Population level management: a step in developing a tiger conservation strategy","Smith JLD;Mishra HR;Jordan PA;","","","conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;management;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;population;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_et_al_-_Population_level_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1717","Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, Panthera tigris","Smith JLD;McDougal CW;Miquelle DG;","1989  ","","4NP;Chitwan;oestrous cycle;Panthera tigris;scent marking;territory marking;urine marking;","IN FILE","1","10","Animal Behaviour","","","","37","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_et_al_1989_Scent_marking_in_free-ranging_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1718","Bearing witness to extinction of tigers in India","Johnsingh AJT;","","","4IN;Bandipur;extinction;habitat fragmentation;Panthera tigris;poaching;population trend;threat;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_-_Bearing_witness_to_extinction_of_tigers_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1719","On the man-eater hunting trail of Jim Corbett","Johnsingh AJT;Rawat GS;","","","4NP;hunting (by human);Jim Corbett;maneater;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Rawat_-_On_the_man-eater_hunting_trail_of_Jim_Corbett.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1720","Tiger-proof energised fence in STRThe international symposium on the tiger, New Delhi","Rishi V;","1993  ","","4IN;Bengal;electric fence;livestock damage prevention;maneater;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","Ministry of Environment and Forests","English","","","","","","","","","","1993  22 - 24","","","","","Rishi_1993_Tiger-proof_energised_fence.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1721","The challenge of the man-eaters","Rishi V;","","","4IN;electric fence;livestock damage prevention;maneater;mangrove;Panthera tigris;religion;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rishi_-_Challenge_of_the_maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1722","Making of a cattle-lifter - A Sunderban case study","Rishi V;","","","4IN;livestock damage prevention;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;Sundarban;","IN FILE","14","17","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rishi_-_Making_of_a_cattle-lifter.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1723","Characteristics of an unharvested lynx population during a snowshoe hare decline","Poole KG;","1994  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;cycling population;home range;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;North Western Territories;radio telemetry;survival;","IN FILE","608","618","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","58","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Biologists require an understanding of the importance of untrapped areas to cyclic population fluctuations of lynx (Lynx lynx) to better manage this resource. Consequently, I examined an unharvested lynx population in the Northwest Territories, between 1989 and 1993, to determine the influence of a reduction in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) densities on lynx population characteristics. Lynx densities peaked at about 30/100 km2 and declined to about 3/100 km2 the winter after a decline in hare numbers. Kitten production and survival were high during peak and declining hare densities, with kittens making up 43-49% of the population. Kitten recruitment did not occur during years of low hare densities. Annual survival rates declined from about 0.90 before and during the decline in hare densities to 0.25 (P < 0.001) during the first year of low hare densities, and to 0.37 during the second year of low densities. All radio-collared lynx resident prior to or during the hare decline dispersed and/or died by the end of the first winter of low hare densities. Natural causes accounted for 1 of 4 deaths during years with high and declining hare densities, compared with 19 of 27 deaths during years with low hare abundance (P = 0.08). Most deaths from natural causes occurred during midwinter. Annual home-range size was similar between sexes (P > 0.46) and differed among years (P < 0.01); the smallest ranges occurred during declining hare numbers. Trapping pressure in the region surrounding the study area was comparatively light; only 10-12% of the estimated lynx population was harvested annually, and 19-23% of the area was > 10 km from any trapline. There was substantial natural lynx mortality during years of low hare densities. Lynx trapping during at least the first 2 winters of hare scarcity may be partly compensatory. Season restrictions may be desired to enhance the capability of lynx populations to recover once hare numbers begin to rebound.","","","","","","","","Poole_1994_Population_dynamics_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1724","Small pleistocene felines of North America","Werdelin L;","1985  ","","3US;dentition;Felidae;paleontology;pleistocene;","IN FILE","194","210","Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","","","","5","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1985_Small_pleistocene_felines_in_North_America.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1725","Natural regulation in three species of Felids","Hornocker MG;Bailey TN;","1986  ","","biology;bobcat;conservation;leopard;Lynx rufus;management;Panthera pardus;population dynamics;puma;Puma concolor;territorial behaviour;","IN FILE","211","220","","","","","","Cats of the World: Biology, Conservation, and Management","Miller SD;Everett DD;","","Washington, D.C.","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms were documented in populations of three species of Felidae. In mountain lions (Felis concolor) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) a land tenure system, which we have termed territorialism operating throughout the year, acted to limit population density. In leopards (Panthera pardus) social behavior limited breeding density in a given area.  These behavior systems, all in unexploited populations of long standing, operated with relatively little strife. We submit that a highly evolved. Peaceful social system has evolved for these species of cats. Such a system operates throughout the year and each individual's lifetime, not just seasonally","","","","","","","","Hornocker_&_Bailey_1986_Natural_regulation_in_three_species_of_Felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1726","Characteristics of a hunted population of cougars in Southwestern Alberta","Ross PI;Jalkotzy MG;","1992  ","","3CA;Alberta;characteristic;Puma concolor;density;distribution;home range;mortality;population;population size;","IN FILE","417","426","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","56","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ross_&_Jalkotzy_1992_Alberta_cougar_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1727","The density and behavior of large cats in a dry tropical forest mosaic in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand","Rabinowitz AR;","1989  ","","4TH;activity;behavior;density;feeding behavior;forest;Huai Kha Khaeng;marking method;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","235","251","","Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc ","","","37","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1989_Density_and_behavior_of_large_cats_in_dry_tropical_forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1728","Tiger population present state in Sikhote-Alin south-east","Salkina GP;","1993  ","","7RU;density;Panthera tigris;poaching;population;Sikhote-Alin;spatial organization;status;tiger;track;","IN FILE","45","53","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","Russian","","","","","","","In 1990-1992 in Lakovsky region and in nature reserve of the same name, based on more specific methods of identifying individuals by their tracks, tiger population state was described. The average for the region population density was in 1991 6.6 individuals per 1000 km2. In a reseve it can reach 8-10 for the same area. Sex correlation (1:1.2) is formed under the influence of illegal tiger shooting. Spacial population structure is characterized according to the data of winter tracking of three males and three females of different age. No home range overlapping of the same sex adult individuals was registered. Tiger preservation prospects are closely connected with spotted deer protection.","","","","","","","","Salkina_1993_Tiger_population_present_state_in_Sikhote-Alin_south-east.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1729","The impact of game meat hunting on target and non-target species in the Serengeti","Hofer H;Campbell KLI;East ML;Huish SA;","1996  ","","1TZ;anti-poaching;hunting (by human);management;poaching;population;population trend;Serengeti;","IN FILE","117","146","","","","","","The Exploitation of Mammal Populations","Taylor VJ;Dunstone N;","9","London","Chapman & Hall","English","","","","","","","In the Serengeti National Park (SNP), illegal game meat hunting is largely carried out using snares in the south-western, western and north-western areas. Game meat hunting provides cash income and protein to communities outside the SNP. The economic benefits of game meat hunting have drawn people to villages close to the park boundary. In this chapter an estimate of the current wildlife off take from the National Park is made and the impact of unselective hunting methods on carnivore species, the most common non-target species, is considered. The analysis demonstrates that game meat hunting poses a threat to both target and non-target species of the Serengeti wildlife community. Optimality models are introduced to assess a hunter's profit in relation to hunting effort (costs) and to ask whether unchecked illegal hunting is likely to be sustainable in the long term. The evaluation suggests that the situation in the Serengeti does not meet the pre-conditions and assumptions of programmes developed elsewhere for maximizing economic returns from wildlife utilization as an incentive to preserve wildlife.","","","","","","","","Hofer_et_al_1996_Impact_of_game_meat_hunting_in_the_Serengeti.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1730","Correcting for overdispersion in tests of prey selectivity","Link WA;Karanth KU;","1994  ","","method;prey;prey selection;statistic;","IN FILE","2456","2459","Ecology","","","","75","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Link_&_Karanth_1994_Correcting_for_overdispersion_in_tests_of_prey_selectivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1731","Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests","Karanth KU;Sunquist ME;","1995  ","","4IN;Cuon alpinus;dhole;forest;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predation;prey;prey selection;tiger;ungulate;","IN FILE","439","450","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","64","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","1. Ecological factors influencing prey selection by tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus were investigated in an intact assemblage of large mammals in the tropical forests of Nagarahole, southern India, between 1986 and 1990. 2. Densities of large herbivores were estimated using line transects, and population structures from area counts. Carnivore diets were determined from analyses of scats (faeces) and kills. Selectivity for prey species was inferred from likelihood ratio tests comparing observed counts of scats to hypothesized scat frequencies generated from prey density estimates using parametric bootstrap simulations. Predator selectivity for size, age, sex and physical condition of prey was estimated using selection indices. 3. Ungulate and primate prey attained a density of 91 animals km-2 and comprised 89-98% of the biomass killed. Predators showed significant (P < 0.05) selectivity among prey species. Gaur Bos gaurus were preferred by tigers, whereas wild pig Sus scrofa were under-represented in leopard diet, and langur Presbytis entellus under-represented in dhole diet. 4. Tigers selected prey weighing more than 176 kg, whereas leopard and dhole focused on prey in the 30-175 kg size class. The average weights of principal prey killed by tiger, leopard and dhole were, respectively, 91.5 kg, 37.6 kg and 43.4 kg. Tiger predation was biased towards adult males in chital, sambar and wild pig, and towards young gaur. Dholes selectively preyed on adult male chital, whereas leopards did not. 5. These findings suggest that if there is choice, large carnivores selectively kill larger prey, and non-selective predation patterns reported from other tropical forests may be the result of scarcity of large prey. Because availability of prey in the appropriate size classes is not a limiting resource, selective predation may facilitate large carnivore coexistence in Nagarahole. Community structures of large carnivores in tropical forests may be highly sensitive to natural or human-induced variations in the relative densities of different size classes of prey.","","","","","","","","Karanth_&_Sunquist_1995_Prey_selection_by_tiger_leopard_and_dhole_in_tropical_forests.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1732","An experimantal study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat","Jiménez JA;Hughes KA;Alaks G;Graham L;Lacy RC;","1994  ","","experiment;habitat;inbreeding;Peromyscus leucopus;Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis;population dynamics;","IN FILE","271","273","Science","","","","266","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jiménez_et_al_1994_Inbreeding_depression_in_a_natural_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1733","Estimating tiger populations from camera-trap data using capture-recapture models","Karanth KU;","1995  ","Manuscript","4IN;camera trap;capture-recapture;method;Nagarahole;Panthera tigris;population;population size;","IN FILE","333","338","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","71","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1995_Capture-recapture_estimates_of_tiger_numbers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1734","Faunal collapse in east African game reserves revisited","Burkey TV;","1995  ","","1Afr;extinction;habitat fragmentation;Mammalia;management;nature reserve;","IN FILE","107","110","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","71","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Soulé et al. predicted that without intensive management, East African game reserves would lose a large proportion of their large mammal faunas if they became completely insularized (isolated from other habitat areas with healthy wildlife populations). They based their predictions on the loss of large mammal species from islands in the Malay archipelago following their insularization at the end of the Pleistocene. This paper considers the difficulty of estimating extinction rates from existing data and the paucity of data on the relationship between extinction rates and area. Re-analysing the Malay archipelago data, I find that insularized reserves may lose species even more rapidly than Soulé et al. predicted.","","","","","","","","Burkey_1995_Faunal_collapse_in_E_African_game_reserves.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1735","Analyse der Jugendentwicklung von Schwarzfusskatzen (Felis nigripes) im Zoologischen Garten Wuppertal im Vergleich zur Literatur","Olbricht G;Sliwa A;","1995  ","English summary","8DE;captive breeding;Felis nigripes;ontogenesis;","IN FILE","224","236","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","65","","","4","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olbricht_&_Sliwa_1995_Analyse_der_Jugendentwicklung_von_Schwarzfusskatzen_im_Zoologischen_Garten_Wuppertal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1736","Cyclic pattern of predation on domestic livestock by the tigers of Corbett national park, U.P., India","Bhadauria RS;Singh AN;","1994  ","","4IN;Corbett National Park;cycling population;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera tigris;predation;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","5","7","Tiger Paper","","","","21","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhadauria_&_Singh_1994_Cyclic_pattern_of_predation_on_domestic_livestock_by_the_tigers_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1737","Vortex: A computer simulation model for population viability analysis","Lacy RC;","1993  ","","model;population;Population Viability Analysis;statistic;VORTEX;","IN FILE","45","65","Wildlife Research","","","","20","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lacy_1993_Vortex_-_A_model_for_population_viability_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1738","The influence of food presentation on the behavior of small cats in confined environments","Shepherdson DJ;Carlstead K;Mellen JD;Seidensticker J;","1993  ","","activity;behavior;captive breeding;environment;environmental enrichment;predation;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus viverrina;stereotypic behavior;zoo;","IN FILE","203","216","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shepherdson_et_al_1993_Food_presentation_for_small_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1739","Behavioral and adrenocortical responses to environmental changes in leopard cats (Felis bengalensis)","Carlstead K;Brown JL;Seidensticker J;","1993  ","","environmental enrichment;exploratory behavior;Felidae;Prionailurus bengalensis;stereotypic behavior;stress;urinary cortisol;zoo;","IN FILE","321","331","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","lndicators of environmental adequacy relevant to the well-being of small felids are developed by examining, in 4 captive leopard cats, interrelationships between behavioral and adrenocortical responses to changes in housing conditions. Singly housed cats were moved from their barren home cage (Cage 1, baseline) sequentially to 2 new, barren housing situations (Cages 2 and 3; ˜ 10 weeks/cage). Urinary cortisol concentrations, stereotypic pacing, and hiding frequencies were transiently increased for 1 week after translocation to Cage 2. After translocation to Cage 3, cortisol concentrations and hiding also were increased for the first week. However, conditions in Cage 3 were determined to be aversive to the cats, as evidenced by cortisol concentrations that remained chronically elevated for the entire 10-week period. Exploratory behavior was suppressed during this period. When Cage 3 was enriched with a complex of branches and hiding places, urinary cortisol concentrations and stereotypic pacing decreased, and exploration increased. Concealment locations that camouflage were more often used for lying down when urinary cortisol was elevated. These results suggest that reduced exploratory behavior is an indicator of chronic exposure to aversive environmental conditions. Stereotypic pacing may not necessarily increase when adrenocortical activity increases. The results also suggest that enrichment facilitates coping with aversive stimulation by providing behavioral options to confined felids. To promote the welfare of small felids, appropriate camouflaged hiding places should be provided and enrichment programs developed to stimulate exploratory behavior.","","","","","","","","Carlstead_et_al_1993_Environmental_change_and_leopard_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1740","The Limits to caring: Sustainable living and the loss of biodiversity","Robinson JG;","1993  ","","biodiversity;conservation;public attitude;philosophy;","IN FILE","20","23","Conservation Biology","","","","7","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1993_Limits_to_caring.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1741","Limits to caring: A response","Holdgate M;Munro DA;","1993  ","","biodiversity;conservation;public attitude;philosophy;","IN FILE","938","940","Conservation Biology","","","","7","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Holdgate_&_Munro_1993_Limits_to_caring_-_A_response.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1742","A suggested management strategy for stock raiding lion problems in northern SWA / Namibia","Stander PE;","","","1NA;conservation;livestock damage;management;Panthera leo;problem animal;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_-_Suggested_management_strategy_for_stock_raiding_lion_problems_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1743","Observations of predation by pumas and Geoffroy's cats on the plains vizcacha in semi-arid scrub of central Argentinia","Branch LC;","1995  ","","2AR;diet;feeding behavior;Oncifelis geoffroyi;observation;predation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","152","156","Mammalia","","","","59","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Branch_1995_Predation_by_pumas_and_Geoffroys_cats_in_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1744","Ocorrência de Puma concolor (Linnaeus) (Felidae, Carnivora) em Árenas de vegetação remaniscente de Santa Catarina, Brasil","Mazzolli M;","1993  ","English summary","2BR;Carnivora;conservation;Felidae;Puma concolor;record;Santa Catarina;status;","IN FILE","581","587","","Revta bras Zool ","","","10","","","4","","","Portuguese","","","","","","","Several reports on puma have been made in the State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, most of them in remnant original habitats above 800 meters. These records show a tight association between presence of puma and altitude and habitat quality. The eastern boundary of the puma range is set by the mountain chains of Serra do Mar and Serra Geral. The definite implementation of National Parks and Reserves, studies of movements, and polymorphism analyses are suggested, in order to provide protected habiotats and assure the genetic flow amongst puma populations.","","","","","","","","Mazzolli_1993_Ocorrencia_de_Puma_concolor_em_Arenas_de_vegetacao_remaniscente_de_Santa_Catarina.pdf","","","",""
"SER","1745","Contribucion a la elucidacion de las variaciones individuales de 'Felis pardalis' Linne, 1758 (Mammalia - Felidae)","Ximénez A;","1974  ","","coloration;Felidae;Leopardus pardalis;Mammalia;morphology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","41","55","Zoologia - Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardion Rivadavia'","","","","4","","","7","","","Spanish","","","","","Notas sobre felidos neotropicales VI","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_1974_Contribucion_a_la_elucidacion_de_las_variaciones_individuales_de_Felis_pardalis.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1746","Jaguar spacing, activity and habitat use in a seasonally flooded environment in Brazil","Crawshaw PG;Quigley HB;","1991  ","","activity;environment;habitat;habitat use;home range;Panthera onca;monitoring;telemetry;spatial organization;spatial use;","IN FILE","357","370","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","223","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Between July 1980 and February 1984, six jaguars (two males, four females) were fitted with radio-collars and monitored for a cumulative total of 105 months in the Pantanal region of south-western Brazil. Mean home range size (minimum convex polygon) for five of them (one male, four females) was 142.1 km2. Mean home range size during the dry season was 54.3 km2, whereas in the wet season it was significantly smaller, 12.8 km2. Mean home range overlap of the four females was 42 %. Use of gallery forest and forest patches exceeded the availability of these habitat types in the animals' home ranges, whereas open forest and grassland were used less than expected on the basis of their availability. Mean distance moved between locations on consecutive days was 2.4 km (0.2 - 10.4 km). The mean one-day movement of the male jaguar was significantly (P < 0.01) larger than that of the females. Mean distance travelled by all animals during one-day intervals in the dry season was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that travelled in other months. Jaguars were more active during daytime than night-time (P < 0.01). Overall level of activity for the wet season did not differ from that of the dry season. With their larger body size, jaguars in the Pantanal may require more food than jaguars in other areas of the species' range. This, in addition to differences in prey availability and the annual availability of dry land, appear to influence the difference in home range size between jaguar populations.","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_&_Quigley_1991_Jaguar_spacing_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1747","A demographic analysis of a southern snowshoe hare population in a fragmented habitat: evaluating the refugium model","Wirsing AJ;Steury TD;Murray DL;","2002  ","file protected","cycling population;habitat;Lepus americanus;model;population dynamics;refugium model;","IN FILE","169","177","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","80","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The allegedly noncyclic dynamics of southern snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations may be explained by a model invoking habitat fragmentation and facultative predation (the refugium model) under which animals dispersing from patches of preferred habitat fail to establish themselves because of predation by facultative carnivores. We compared the refugium model with a revised model invoking heavy on-site predation in preferred habitat as the proximal mechanism responsible for the stability of southern snowshoe hare populations. The survival and movements of hares in a fragmented habitat in central Idaho were monitored via radiotelemetry on 6 sites differing in habitat quality (indexed by understory cover) from 1998 to 2000. In support of the revised model, predation rates were high irrespective of cover availability or hare density, and predators did not kill dispersing animals disproportionately. Furthermore, predation was focused on small hares, suggesting that poor recruitment of juveniles may be the mechanism ultimately responsible for the damped dynamics of southern snowshoe hare populations. The low survival rates we measured suggest that the population under study was undergoing a marked decline. However, the observed decline, determined by comparing study-site population estimates, was less severe, implying that the persistence of local snowshoe hare populations in some areas of the species' southern range may be influenced by metapopulation dynamics. Specifically, southern snowshoe hare populations in small patches of usable habitat may be prevented from going extinct by the arrival of immigrants from similar nearby patches.","","","","","","","","Wirsing_et_al_2002_Snowshoe_hare_and_refugium_model.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1748","Situacion actual de jaguar (Panthera onca) en el estado de Chiapas, Mexico","Aranda MJ;","1987  ","Manuscript, Spanish, English summary","2MX;Panthera onca;population size;Chiapas;status;","IN FILE","","","Biotica","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","Sixteen localities were visited in order to define the current status of the jaguar in the state of Chiapas. In two areas jaguar abundance was calculated. Actual jaguar distributional area was estimated in 8,800 sq. km with a population of 350 ± 65 jaguars.","","","","","","","","Aranda_1987_Situacion_actual_de_jaguar_en_el_estado_de_Chiapas_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1749","A multi-use management plan for the Cockscomb Basin Forest Reserve in Belize, Central America","Rabinowitz AR;","1985  ","Pub Date unsure","3BZ;biodiversity;Cockscomb Basin;conservation;conservation strategy;forest;management;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1985_Multi-use_management_plan_for_the_Cockscomb_Basin_Forest_Reserve_in_Belize.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1750","Revival for el tigre?","Brown DE;","1991  ","","2MX;3US;Arizona;Panthera onca;reintroduction;","IN FILE","27","35","Defenders of Wildlife","","","","66","","","1","Washington DC","Defenders of Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brown_1991_Revival_for_el_tigre.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1751","Top cat in a vast Brazilian marsh","Crawshaw PG;","1986  ","Pub Date unsure","2BR;monitoring;Pantanal;Panthera onca;telemetry;status;","IN FILE","12","19","Animal Kingdom","","","","","","","Jan-Feb","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_1986_Top_cat_in_a_vast_Brazilian_marsh.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1752","A Preliminary Jaguar Study in Belize, Central America","Rabinowitz AR;","1983 Jan ","","3BZ;diet;feeding behavior;Felidae;Panthera onca;density;reproduction;status;jaguar;Belize;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1983_Preliminary_Jaguar_Study_in_Belize.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1754","The use of Geographic Information Systems in identifying potential wildlife habitat","Worah S;Bharucha EK;Rodgers WA;","1989  ","","Geographic Information System;habitat;habitat analysis;method;wildlife;","IN FILE","125","128","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","86","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Worah_et_al_1989_Geographic_Information_System.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1755","The use of a helicopter to drive large wild animals","Moss PdV;","1983 Sep ","","1ZM;animal transport;conservation;helicopter;management;veterinary;","IN FILE","11","","Black Lechwe","","","","","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moss_1983_Use_of_a_helicopter_to_drive_large_wild_animals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1756","Parks or arks: where to conserve threatened mammals?","Balmford A;Leader-Williams N;Green MJB;","1995  ","","captive breeding;conservation;ex situ;in situ;nature reserve;reintroduction;zoo;","IN FILE","595","607","Biodiversity and Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Growing deterministic and stochastic threats to many wild populations of large vertebrates have focused attention on the conservation significance of captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction. However, work on both gorillas and black rhinos questions this shift in emphasis. In these species, field-based conservation can be effective if properly supported and, although this is not cheap, per capita costs may still be considerably lower than for ex situ propagation in captivity. Here we attempt to broaden the scope of this debate by contrasting the breeding success and costs of in situ and captive programmes for a range of threatened mammals. Data are scarce, but we find that across nine large-bodied genera, in situ conservation achieves comparable rates of population growth to those seen in established captive breeding programmes. Moreover, comparing budgets of well-protected reserves with zoos' estimates of maintenance costs and the costs of zoo adoption schemes, we find that per capita costs for effective in situ conservation are consistently lower than those of maintenance in captivity. Captive breeding may be more cost-effective for smaller-bodied taxa, and will often remain desirable for large mammals restricted to one or two vulnerable wild populations. However, our results, coupled with the fact that effective in situ conservation protects intact ecosystems rather than single species, lead us to suggest that zoos might maximize their contribution to large mammal conservation by investing where possible in well-managed field-based initiatives, rather than establishing additional ex situ breeding programmes.","","","","","","","","Balmford_et_al_1995_In_situ_versus_ex_situ_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1757","Differences in avian and mammalian sociobiology: A reappraisal","Hancox M;","1991  ","","Aves;behavior;captive breeding;Mammalia;social system;zoo;","IN FILE","14","17","International Zoo News","","","","38","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hancox_1991_Differences_in_avian_and_mammalian_sociobiology.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1758","Tough Times at La Brea: Tooth Breakage in Large Carnivores of the Late Pleistocene","van Valkenburgh B;Hertel F;","1993 Jul 23 ","","3NAm;Carnivora;ecology;paleontology;pleistocene;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","456","459","Science","","","","261","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Valkenburgh_&_Hertel_1993_Tooth_Breakage_in_Large_Carnivores_of_the_Late_Pleistocene.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1759","Breeding Geoffroy's cat leopardus geoffroyi salinarum in captivity","Scheffel W;Hemmer H;","1975  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captivity;Oncifelis geoffroyi;ontogenesis;reproduction;zoo;","IN FILE","152","154","International Zoo Yearbook","","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Scheffel_&_Hemmer_1975_Breeding_Geoffroys_cat_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1761","Gattung Felis Linnaeus, 1758","Hemmer H;","1993  ","","Felinae;Felis sp.;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1069","1075","","","","","","Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Bd. 5/II (Raubsäuger 2)","","","Wiesbaden","AULA-Verlag GmbH","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1993_Gattung_Felis.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1762","Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777 - Wildkatze","Hemmer H;","1993  ","","characteristic;craniometry;Felis silvestris;osteology;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1076","1118","","","","","","Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Bd. 5/II (Raubsäuger 2)","","","Wiesbaden","AULA-Verlag GmbH","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_-_Felis_silvestris.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1763","Felis (Lynx) lynx Linnaeus, 1758 - Luchs, Nordluchs","Hemmer H;","1993  ","","characteristic;coat pattern;coloration;craniometry;diet;feeding behavior;Lynx lynx;measurement;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1119","1167","","","","","","Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Bd. 5/II (Raubsäuger 2)","","","Wiesbaden","AULA-Verlag GmbH","German","","","","","","","This book chapter describes the origin, distribution, biology, morphology and ecology of the lynx.","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1993_Felis_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1764","Felis (Lynx) pardina Temminck, 1827) - Pardelluchs","Hemmer H;","1993  ","","characteristic;craniometry;diet;feeding behavior;Lynx pardinus;measurement;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1168","1187","","","","","","Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Bd. 5/II (Raubsäuger 2)","","","Wiesbaden","AULA-Verlag GmbH","German","","","","","","","Information on Iberian lynx: Craniometric descriptions and measurements, distribution, variations, sexual dimorphism, palaeontology, ecology, feeding habits, behaviour and others.","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1993_Felis_pardina.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1765","Ein Bastard Pampaskatze (Oncifelis pajeros) x Oncilla (Oncifelis tigrinus)","Hemmer H;","1979 Jun ","","captive breeding;hybridization;Leopardus tigrinus;Oncifelis colocolo;","IN FILE","156","158","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","27","","","2","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1979_Ein_Bastard_Pampaskatze_x_Oncilla.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1766","Die Evolution der Pantherkatzen - Modell zur Überprüfung der Brauchbarkeit der Henning'schen Prinzipien der phylogenetischen Systematik für wirbeltierpaläontologische Studien","Hemmer H;","1981 Jun ","","evolution;phylogenetic species concept HENNIG;Pantherinae;","IN FILE","109","116","","Paloeontologische Zeitschrift","","","55","","","1","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1981_Die_Evolution_der_Pantherkatzen.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1767","Spotted terror stalks highland villages of Chamoli","Joshi D;","1995 Mar 24 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera pardus;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","8","9","","","Indian Express","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joshi_1995_Spotted_terror_stalks_highland_villages_of_Chamoli.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1768","Anomalies of bobcat skulls from Oklahoma","Trail MA;Tumlison R;","1984  ","","3US;anomaly;Lynx rufus;morphology;Oklahoma;skull;","IN FILE","46","47","","Proc Okla Acad Sci ","","","64","","","","","","English","","","","","","","An examination of 285 bobcat skulls (Felis (= Lynx) rufus) from Oklahoma, preserved in the Oklahoma State University Museum of Natural and Cultural History (OKSU), revealed several anomalous conditions including supernumerary bones, atypically shaped bones, and dental irregularities.","","","","","","","","Trail_&_Tumlison_1984_Anomalies_of_bobcat_skulls_from_Oklahoma.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1769","Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus 1758)","Hemmer H;","1974 Aug 1 ","","distribution;evolution;Panthera leo;Pantherinae;phylogeny;","IN FILE","167","280","","Veroeffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Muenchen","","","17","","","","","","German","","","","","Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) - Teil III","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1974_Untersuchungen_zur_Stammesgeschichte_der_Pantherkatzen.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1770","Intraspezifische Unterschiede der relativen Hirngrössen beim Löwen (Panthera leo L.)","Hemmer H;","1971  ","","brain capacity;craniometry;evolution;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1500","1501","Experientia","","","","27","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1971_Intraspezifische_Unterschiede_der_relativen_Hirngroessen_beim_Loewen.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1771","Hirngrössenvariationen im Felis-silvestris-Kreis","Hemmer H;","1972  ","","brain capacity;craniometry;evolution;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris lybica;Felis silvestris ornata;Felis silvestris silvestris;","IN FILE","271","272","Experientia","","","","28","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1972_Hirngroessenvariationen_im_Felis-silvestris-Kreis.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1772","Studien zur Systematik und Biologie der Sandkatze (Felis margarita LOCHE, 1858)","Hemmer H;","1974  ","with English summary","activity;Felis margarita;Felis margarita margarita;Felis margarita thinobia;taxonomy;vocalisation;","IN FILE","11","20","Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo","","","","17","","","1","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1974_Studien_zur_Systematik_und_Biologie_der_Sandkatze.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1773","Die Carnivoren aus den Travertinen von Weimar","Hemmer H;","1984  ","English and Russian abstract","8DE;Carnivora;Crocuta crocuta;Felis silvestris;Lynx lynx;paleontology;Quaternary;Ursus arctos;Vulpes vulpes;Weimar;","IN FILE","409","425","Quartaerpalaeontologie","","","","5","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1984_Die_Carnivoren_aus_dem_Travertinen_von_Weimar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1774","Tooth replacement and skull groth in smilodon from Rancho La Brea","Tejada-Flores AE;Shaw CA;","1984 Sep ","","3US;California;craniometry;paleontology;skull;Smilodon;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","114","121","Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","","","","4","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tejada-Flores_&_Shaw_1984_Tooth_replacement_and_skull_groth_in_Smilodon_from_Rancho_La_Brea.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1775","Biomechanical implications of the variation in Smilodon ectocuneiforms from Rancho La Brea","Shaw CA;Tejada-Flores AE;","1985 Apr 11 ","","3US;California;evolution;paleontology;Smilodon;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","1","8","Contributions in Science","","","","","","","359","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shaw_&_Tejada-Flores_1985_Smilodon_Ectocuneiforms.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1776","The status of Smilodon in North and South America","Berta A;","1985 Nov 15 ","","2SAm;3NAm;paleontology;pleistocene;Smilodon;status;","IN FILE","1","15","Contributions in Science","","","","","","","370","","","English","","","","","","","South American representatives of the sabercat genus Smilodon (Felidae, Machairondontinae, Smilodontini) are referred to a single species, Smilodon populator Lund, 1842, from Pleistocene (?Uquian,  Ensenadan-Lujanian) localities in Argentinia, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay. North American Smilodon from Pleistocene (late Irvingtonian-Rancholabrean) deposits are also assigned to S. populator. Diagnostic characters of S. populator include: large size, skull with broad muzzle; upper canines strongly recurved; upper canines and cheek teeth with finely serrated anterior and posterior margins; P4 with very reduced protocone; mandible usually with single, large mental foramen; mandibular flange greatly reduced. Variation was noted in several characters; smaller size, triangular occiput, and P3 were more common among middle Pleistocene (Ensenadan and Irvingtonian) samples of S. populator. During the late Pleistocene, South American populations displayed a larger mean size than their North American contemporaries. Smilodon gracilis (Cope, 1880) is a more primitive related form known from the late Pliocene (Blancan) through the middle Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) of North America. The derived species S. populator, apparently evolved in North America during the middle Pleistocene (late Irvingtonian) and spread into South America. As in North America, Smilodon became extinct in the southern continent at the end of the late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean and Lujanian, respectively).","","","","","","","","Berta_1985_Status_of_Smilodon_in_North_and_South_America.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1777","Canine function in Smilodon (Mammalia: Felidae; Machairodontinae)","Akersten WA;","1985 Jan 23 ","","evolution;Felidae;Mammalia;paleontology;Smilodon;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","1","22","Contributions in Science","","","","","","","356","","","English","","","","","","","A number of sabertoothed mammal features, exemplified by Smilodon from Rancho La Brea, cannot be reconciled with hypotheses that the upper canines were used for stabbing or slashing: the relatively dull sabers which would require enormous force to penetrate the hide of a prey animal, the robust mandible with functional but small canines, the geometric relationships of the skull and the reconstructed head-depressing musculature, and the presence of canine opposition (necessary for biting but not for stabbing or slashing). It is also difficult to envision intermediate steps of behavior and morphology in the multiple evolution of stabbing or slashing from biting ancestors. These apparent anomalies can be resolved (and other features can be explained) by hypothesizing that the upper canines were employed in a shearing, as opposed to puncturing, bite accomplished by depressing the cranium against immobilized mandibles. The probable area of attak was the abdomen. Most, if not all, other sabertoothed mammals appear to possess canine opposition and probably employed some variation of the attack methodology suggested for Smilodon. Several lines of evidence suggest that Smilodon possessed some degree of cooperative social behavior. The attack methods of the extant Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis, appear to be analogous to those hypothesized for Smilodon and the extinct giant varanids of Australia may have preempted the niche occupied by sabertoothed mammals on other continents.","","","","","","","","Akersten_1985_Canine_function_in_Smilodon.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1778","Injuries and diseases in Smilodon californicus Bovard, 1904, (Mammalia, Felidae) from Rancho La Brea, California","Heald FP;","1989  ","Abstract","3US;California;disease;Felidae;injury;Mammalia;paleontology;Smilodon;social system;Texas;","IN FILE","77","77","Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","","","","9","Papers 49th Ann.Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Univeristiy of Texas, Austin","","Supplement to No. 3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1989 Nov 2 ","","","","","Heald_1989_Injuries_and_diseases_in_Smilodon.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1779","The collection of pathologic bones at the George C. Page Museum, Rancho La Brea, California: A retrospective View","Shaw CA;","1989  ","Abstract","3US;behavior;California;Canis dirus;disease;paleontology;Smilodon;Texas;","IN FILE","153","153","Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","","","","9","Papers 49th Ann.Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Univeristiy of Texas, Austin","","Supplement to No. 3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1989 Nov 2 ","","","","","Shaw_1989_Collection_of_pathologic_bones.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1780","Paleopathological Evidence of Social Behavior in Smilodon fatalis from Rancho La Brea","Shaw CA;Heald FP;Romig ML;","1991  ","","3US;behavior;California;paleontology;Smilodon;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","19","19","","","","","","Abstracts - Southern California Academy of Science, Ann.Mtg.10.-11.May 1991","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shaw_et_al_1991_Paleopathological_Evidence_of_Social_Behavior_in_Smilodon_fatalis_from_Rancho_La_Brea.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1781","Prehistoric Pride - Tar Pits Suggest Altruism Among Saber-Toothed Tigers","Dye L;","1990 Jul 2 ","","behavior;paleontology;prehistoric;pride;Smilodon;social system;","IN FILE","","","Los Angeles Times","","","","","","","","Los Angeles","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dye_1990_Prehistoric_pride.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1782","Saber-Tooth Social Life: Primeval Compassion","Mydans S;","1989 Sep 26 ","","behavior;paleontology;Smilodon;social system;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mydans_1989_Saber-Tooth_Social_Life.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1783","Tigers in the wild - their distribution and habitat preferenceIn: Congressreport - 1st International Symposium on the Management and Breeding of the Tiger","Sankhala KS;","1978  ","","4IN;breeding;distribution;habitat;management;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;density;","IN FILE","43","59","International Tiger Studbook","","","","","","Seifert S;Müller P;","","Leipzig","Zoologischer Garten Leipzig","English","","","","","","","","","","1978 Oct 11 ","","","","","Sankhala_1978_Tiger_distribution_and_habitat_preference.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1784","On a counting trail in Periyar Tiger Reserve","","1996 Dec 18 ","","4IN;method;Panthera tigris;Periyar Tiger Reserve;population size;","IN FILE","17","17","","","Hindu","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_On_a_counting_trail_in_Periyar_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1785","Understanding tigers - Before we can save a species, even so magnificent an animal as the tiger, we have to know what it needs to survive","Karanth KU;","1995  May/June","","behavior;conservation;diet;feeding behavior;Panthera tigris;telemetry;","IN FILE","26","","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_1995_Understanding_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1786","Ecology and conservation of large felids in IndiaPaper presented at INTECOL, August 1990, Yokohama, Japan","Johnsingh AJT;Panwar HS;Rodgers WA;","1990  ","","4IN;conservation;ecology;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1990 Aug ","","","","","Johnsingh_et_al_1990_Ecology_and_conservation_of_large_felids_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1787","Integrating ungulates within landscape/ecosystem planning","Johnsingh AJT;","","","4IN;conservation;Corbett National Park;corridor;Panthera tigris;Rajasthan;ungulate;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_-_Integrating_ungulates_within_landscape_ecosystem_planning.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1788","Transfer of Siberian Tiger from CITES App. II to App. I","Jackson P;","","","CITES;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;politics;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The proposal by Switzerland at the Conference of the Parties to CITES in Ottawa, 12-22 July, 1987, to transfer the Siberian tiger to App.I, which already includes all other subspecies, was opposed by the USSR on the grounds that the Siberian tiger is not threatened with extinction because it is said to be well protected in the USSR and a world captive population of over 600 exists. The Committee of the Parties voted 49-2 (USSR and Costa Rica) in favour of moving the Siberian tiger to Appendix I.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Transfer_of_Siberian_tiger_from_CITES_App_2_to_App_1.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1789","The three cannibals","Bharos RR;","1985  ","","4IN;cannibalism;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","34","37","Hornbill","","","","","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bharos_1985_Three_cannibals.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1790","Tiger! Tiger!","Fisher J;","1978  May-June","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;status;","IN FILE","4","11","International Wildlife","","","","8","","","2","","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fisher_1978_Tiger_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1791","Men and tigers in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India","Galhano Alves JP;","","","4IN;attack on human;behavior;maneater;Panthera tigris;Sariska Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Galhano_Alves_-_Men_and_tigers_in_Sariska_Tiger_Reserve_India.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1792","Implications of high offspring mortality for Cheetah population dynamics","Laurenson MK;","","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;ecosystem;intraguild predation;management;mortality;population;population dynamics;research;Serengeti;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Research, Conservation and Management of an Ecosystem","Sinclas ARE;Arase P;","","Chicago","University of Chicago Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_-_Implications_of_high_offspring_mortality_for_cheetah_population_dynamics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1793","A simple staining method for evaluating acrosomal status of cat spermatozoa","Pope CE;Zhang YZ;Dresser BL;","1991  ","","acrosome;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;method;semen analysis;spermatozoa;status;veterinary;","IN FILE","87","95","Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","","","","22","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1991_Acrosomal_evaluation_of_cat_spermatozoa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1794","Veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah","Gosselin SJ;Loudy DL;Tarr MJ;Balistreri WF;Setchell KDR;Johnston OJ;Kramer LW;Dresser BL;","1988  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;Veno-Occlusive Disease;veterinary;zoo;","IN FILE","48","57","","Vet Pathol ","","","25","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gosselin_et_al_1988_VOD_in_captive_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1795","Semen storage in the domestic felid: A comparison of cryopreservation methods and storage temperatures","Pope CE;Turner JL;Quatman SP;Dresser BL;","1991  ","","method;reproduction technology;semen analysis;semen storage;spermatozoa;temperature;veterinary;","IN FILE","117","","Biology of Reproduction","","","","44","","","Suppl. 1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1991_Semen_storage.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1796","Evidence for an advantage of hyperactivated mouse sperm in remaining free of the oviductal wall","DeMott RP;Suarez SS;","1991  ","","method;semen analysis;spermatozoa;veterinary;","IN FILE","117","","Biology of Reproduction","","","","44","","","Suppl. 1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","DeMott_&_Suarez_1991_Advantage_of_hyperactivated_mouse_sperm.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1797","The cyclic nitroxide free radical, 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol) is effective in prolonging the motility of bull sperm in vitro","Lindemann CB;Kanous K;","1991  ","","method;semen analysis;spermatozoa;veterinary;","IN FILE","117","","Biology of Reproduction","","","","44","","","Suppl. 1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lindemann_&_Kanous_1991_Prolonging_the_motility_of_bull_sperm.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1798","Superovulation and artificial insemination of Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) and an interspecies embryo transfer to the African lion (Panthera leo)Proceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, Seattle","Reece B;Dresser BL;Reed G;Russell PT;Kramer LW;Pindell K;Berringer P;","1981  ","","artificial insemination;Bengal;captive breeding;embryo transfer;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;","IN FILE","165","167","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Reece_et_al_1981_Superovulation_and_Interspecific_embryo_transfer.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1799","Superovulation and artificial insemination in Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris), African lions (Panthera leo) and a Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor)","Dresser BL;Kramer LW;Russell PT;Reed G;Reece B;","1981  ","","artificial insemination;Bengal;captive breeding;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus saxicolor;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;","IN FILE","149","151","AAZPA Proc ","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1981_Artificial_insemination.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1800","Induction of ovulation and successful artificial insemination in a Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor)","Dresser BL;Kramer LW;Reece B;Russell PT;","1982  ","","artificial insemination;captive breeding;ovulation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus saxicolor;","IN FILE","55","57","Zoo Biology","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1982_Artificial_insemination_in_a_Persian_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1801","Possible cause of infertility in captive cheetah","Dresser BL;Gosselin SJ;Setchell KDR;Kramer LW;Johnston OJ;Tarr MJ;Balistreri WF;","1985  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;infertility;veterinary;","IN FILE","558","559","","","","","","Proceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1985_Possible_cause_of_infertility_in_captive_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1802","Hormonal stimulation and embryo collection in the domestic cat (Felis catus)","Dresser BL;Sehlhorst CS;Wachs KB;Keller GL;Gelwicks EJ;Turner JL;","1987  ","","Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;induced estrus;ovulation;uterine flush;veterinary;","IN FILE","915","927","Theriogenology","","","","28","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1987_Hormonal_stimulation_and_embryo_collection_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1803","Artificial insemination and embryo transfer in the Felidae","Dresser BL;Sehlhorst CS;Keller GL;Kramer LW;Reece B;","1987  ","","artificial insemination;biology;conservation;embryo transfer;endangered species;Felidae;management;spermatozoa;","IN FILE","281","295","","","","","","Tigers of the world: The Biology, Biopolitics, Management and Conservation of an endangered Species","","","Parkridge, NJ","Noyes Publications","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1987_Artificial_insemination_and_embryo_transfer_in_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1804","Dietary estrogens - A probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs","Setchell KDR;Gosselin SJ;Welsh MB;Johnston OJ;Balistreri WF;Kramer LW;Dresser BL;Tarr MJ;","1987  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;infertility;veterinary;","IN FILE","225","233","Gastroenterology","","","","93","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Setchell_et_al_1987_Infertility_and_liver_disease_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1805","Dietary factors in the development of liver disease and infertility in the captive cheetah","Setchell KDR;Gosselin SJ;Welsh MB;Johnston OJ;Balistreri WF;Dresser BL;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;infertility;veterinary;","IN FILE","97","100","Nutrition and disease","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Setchell_et_al_-_Infertility_and_liver_disease_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1806","First Successful Transfer of Cryopreserved Feline (Felis catus) Embryos Resultiong in Live Offspring","Dresser BL;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;","1988  ","","captive breeding;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;veterinary;","IN FILE","180","186","","","Journal of Experimental Zoology","","246","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1988_Cryopreserved_Feline_Embryos.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1807","Embryo cryopreservation and transfer in the domestic cat (Felis catus)","Dresser BL;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;","1988  ","","captive breeding;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;veterinary;","IN FILE","","","Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1988_Embryo_cryopreservation_and_transfer_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1808","Nutritional considerations in the pathogenesis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in captive cheetahs","Gosselin SJ;Setchell KDR;Harrington GW;Welsh MB;Pylypiw H;Kozeniauskas R;Dollard D;Tarr MJ;Dresser BL;","1989  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;diet;disease;Veno-Occlusive Disease;veterinary;","IN FILE","339","347","Zoo Biology","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gosselin_et_al_1989_Diet_and_VOD_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1809","Indian Desert Cat Birth Makes History","Dresser BL;","1989  ","","artificial insemination;captive breeding;desert;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris ornata;history;","IN FILE","12","13","International Zoo News","","","","215","","","36/4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dresser_1989_Indian_desert_cat_birth_makes_history.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1810","Comparison of extenders with glyxerol in cryopreservation of semen from exotic and domestic felidae","Sehlhorst CS;Dresser BL;Kramer LW;","1985  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;artificial insemination;Cape Province;cryopreservation;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Panthera pardus;reproduction technology;semen analysis;semen storage;veterinary;","IN FILE","58","","Ohio Journal of Science","","","","85","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sehlhorst_et_al_1985_Semen_preservation_in_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1811","Dietary considerations in the pathogenesis of hepatic vascular lesions in captive cheetah","Gosselin SJ;Tarr MJ;Balistreri WF;Kramer LW;Setchell KDR;Johnston OJ;Dresser BL;","1986  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;Veno-Occlusive Disease;veterinary;","IN FILE","20","","Journal of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gosselin_et_al_1986_Pathogenesis_of_hepatic_vascular_lesions_in_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1812","Successful interspecies transfer of embryos from the Indian desert cat (Felis silvestris ornata) to the domestic cat (Felis catus) following in vitro fertilization22th annual meeting, Columbea, Missouri","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;Maruska EJ;Dresser BL;","1989  ","","desert;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris ornata;in vitro fertilization;veterinary;","IN FILE","61","","Society for the study of reproduction","","","","40","","","Suppl. 1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1989_Interspecific_transfer_of_embryos_from_Indian_desert_cat_to_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1813","An evaluation of meiotic stages and polyspermy in uncleaved oocytes following in vitro fertilization in domestic cats","Gelwicks EJ;Pope CE;Turner JL;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1990  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;Meiosis;spermatozoa;","IN FILE","228","","Theriogenology","","","","33","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gelwicks_et_al_1990_Meiotic_stages_and_polyspermy_in_oocytes_following_in_vitro_feritilization.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1814","Cryopreservation and transfer of embryos of the domestic cat (Felis catus)In:Dog and cat reproduction, contraception and atrificial insemination - Proceedings of the First International Symposium on canine and feline reproduction held at Triniy College, Dublin, Ireland","Dresser BL;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;","1989  ","","embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;reproduction;semen storage;veterinary;","IN FILE","332","","Journal of Reproduction and Fertility","","","","Suppl. 39","","","","","","English","","","","","","Concannon PW;Morton DB;Weir BJ;","","","","","","","","","Dresser_et_al_1989_Cryopreservation_and_transfer_of_embryos_of_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1815","The carnivore community in a dry tropical forest mosaic in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand","Rabinowitz AR;Walker SR;","1991  ","","4TH;Carnivora;diet;feeding behavior;forest;Huai Kha Khaeng;Panthera pardus;nature reserve;faecal analysis;wildlife;","IN FILE","37","47","Journal of Tropical Ecology","Trop Ecol ","","","7","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_&_Walker_1991_Carnivore_community_in_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1816","Interspecific transfer of embryos form exotic to domestic catsProceedings of the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums, Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Keller GL;Gillespie DS;Maruska EJ;Dresser BL;","1989  ","","artificial insemination;captive breeding;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1989 Sep ","","","","","Pope_et_al_1989_Interspecific_transfer_of_embryos_form_exotic_to_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1817","In vitro fertilization on the domestic cat (Felis catus): A comparison between freshliy collected and cooled semenXVth Annual Meeting of the International Embryo Transfer Society, San Diego, CA, 1989","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1989  ","","embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;semen storage;","IN FILE","241","","Theriogenology","","","","31","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1989_In_vitro_fertilization_on_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1818","In vitro fertilization and interspecies transfer of embryos form the desert cat (Felis silvestris ornata) to the domestic cat (Felis catus)Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo veterinarinas","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Wachs KB;Keller GL;Gillespie DS;Maruska EJ;Dresser BL;","2001  ","Abstract","desert;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;Felis silvestris ornata;in vitro fertilization;zoo;","IN FILE","187","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1989_In_vitro_fertilization_and_interspecific_transfer_of_embryos.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","1819","In vitro fertilization in the domestic cat: effect of medium on development during a four-day culture period in vitro","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Turner JL;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1990  ","","culture;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;veterinary;","IN FILE","299","299","Theriogenology","","","","33","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1990_Effect_of_medium_on_in_vitro_fertilization_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1820","Cryopreservation of two- to four-cell stage cat embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF)Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, The Hague, The Netherlands","Pope CE;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1992  ","","cryopreservation;in vitro fertilization;ontogenesis;reproduction;reproduction technology;veterinary;","IN FILE","1805","1807","","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1992  ","","","","","Pope_et_al_1992_Cryopreservation_of_cat_embryos_produced_by_in_vitro_fertilization.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1821","In vitro fertilization, embryo culture, cryopreservation and transfer in domestic and nondomestic catsAbstracts of the second international symposium on canine and feline reproduction, Leige, Belgium","Pope CE;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1992  ","","cryopreservation;culture;embryo transfer;in vitro fertilization;reproduction;reproduction technology;veterinary;","IN FILE","90","91","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1992_In_vitro_fertilization_in_domestic_and_nondomestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1822","In vitro fertilization in the domestic cat: effect of media and culture interval on in vitro development and pregnancy rate following transfer","Pope CE;Gelwicks EJ;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1992  ","","culture;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;ontogenesis;","IN FILE","275","275","Theriogenology","","","","37","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1992_In_vitro_fertilization_in_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1823","In vitro fertilization in domestic and non-domestic cats including sequences of early nuclear events, development in vitro, cryopreservation and successful intra- and interspecies embryo transfer","Pope CE;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1993  ","","cryopreservation;domestic cat;embryo transfer;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris catus;in vitro fertilization;reproduction technology;","IN FILE","189","201","Journal of Reproduction and Fertility","","","","Suppl. 47","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1993_In_vitro_fertilization_and_embryo_transfer_in_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1824","Forest gives pittance to tribals, huge profits to traders","Satapathy R;","2001 Mar 26 ","","deforestation;forest;politics;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Satapathy_2001_Forest_gives_pittance_to_tribals_Huge_profits_to_traders.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1825","Kudremukh - Mining our future","","1999 Oct ","","4IN;conservation;construction project;Kudremukh;mine;","IN FILE","85","","Sanctuary","","","","19","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Kudremukh_-_Mining_our_future.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1826","Call to cancel denotification order on Melghat tiger reserve","","1999 Nov 2 ","","4IN;conservation;construction project;Melghat Tiger Reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Melghat_tiger_reserve_politics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1827","Estimating lynx population age ratio with pelt-length data","Slough BG;","1996  ","","3CA;age;age determination;harvest;Lynx canadensis;management;pelt length;population dynamics;reproduction;Yukon;","IN FILE","495","499","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","24","","","8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Slough_1996_Estimating_lynx_population_age_ratio_with_pelt-length_data.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1828","Hazaribagh - Coal mining threatens wildife corridors","","","","4IN;construction project;corridor;Hazaribagh;politics;World Bank;","IN FILE","","","Sanctuary","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Hazaribagh_coal_mines_vs_wildife_corridors.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1829","The Bank's Bread and Butter - An Indian coal prject shows the risks in resettling","Phillips MM;","2000 Aug 14 ","","4IN;conservation;construction project;mine;politics;World Bank;","IN FILE","A1","","","","Wall Street Journal","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Phillips_2000_Banks_Bread_and_Butter.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1830","Further notes on the status of Paraguayan Felids","Brooks D;","1990  ","","2PY;Felidae;record;status;track;","IN FILE","","","Felid","","","","4","","","3","","Felid Research and Conservation Interest Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1990_Status_of_the_Paraguayan_felids.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1831","The Ocelot (Felis pardalis): Three habitats in three Americas","Brooks D;","1990  ","","2SAm;3NAm;habitat;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus pardalis albescens;Leopardus pardalis mitis;Leopardus pardalis pardalis;Panthera onca;Panthera onca centralis;","IN FILE","","","Felid","","","","4","","","3","","Felid Research and Conservation Interest Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1990_Ocelot_-_Three_habitats_in_three_Americas.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1832","Human-Induced Factors Contributing to the Decline of Wild Felids in Latin America and the Utility of Surveys - 1992","Brooks D;","1992  ","","2PY;2SAm;action plan;breeding;captive breeding;Chaco;conservation;Felidae;hunting behavior;IUCN;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Felid action plan, 1991 and 1992: AAZPA Felid Taxon Advisory Group Regional Collection Plan and IUCN Captive Breeding Specialist Group Global Felid Action Plan","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1992_Decline_of_wild_felids_in_Latin_America.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1833","Distribution and habitat association of the carnivores in Venezuela","Bisbal FJ;","1989  ","","2VE;Carnivora;distribution;habitat;","IN FILE","339","362","Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The distribution and habitat association of the carnivores in Venezuela are largely unknown. Limited information is available for less than 40 % of the species. This paper summarized the existing information on carnivores' distribution in Venezuela and examines these distributions in terms of known localities.","","","","","","","","Bisbal_1989_Distribution_and_habitats_of_Venezuelan_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1834","Conservation of Biological Diversity in Paraguay","Rios E;Zardini E;","1989  ","","2PY;Chaco;conservation;National Park;nature reserve;","IN FILE","118","120","Conservation Biology","","","","3","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rios_&_Zardini_1989_Conservation_of_Biological_Diversity_in_Paraguay.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1835","Private Conservation Programs in Paraguay","Gauto R;","1989  ","","2PY;conservation;National Park;","IN FILE","120","120","Conservation Biology","","","","3","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gauto_1989_Private_Conservation_Programs_in_Paraguay.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1836","Status and Observations on Felids in the Paraguayan Chaco","Brooks D;","","","2PY;Chaco;density;distribution;Felidae;feeding behavior;habitat;movement pattern;observation;reproduction;status;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","South America's Chaco represents a unique habitat - a mosaic of pantanal wetland from the north, rainforest from the east, pampas from the south, and Andean forest from the west. Historically, this area was thought by some biogeographers to serve as a corridor for migrating wildlife. More recently, studies have revealed that the Chaco is a viable area, inhabited by vast array of rare and endangered vertebrates (Redford et al., 1990). Six Neotropical felids are indigenous to the Paraguayan Chaco; ocelot Leopardus pardalis mitis; Geoffroy's Cat L. geoffroyi paraguae; pampas cat Lynchailurus colocolo crespoi; jaguarundi Herpailurus yagouaroundi eyra; puma Puma concolor acrocodia; and jaguar Panthera onca palustris (Jackson 1991, Foreman 1989). Recently, the Chaco has been tapped into as an inexpensive cattleland resource. Because of this, and previous colonization by Mennonites, many of the felids are threatened in one way or another. In a synopsis on small cat statuses, Foreman (1989) discussed current status classification by species.  Of the subspecies discussed in this paper, ocelot, puma, and jaguar are listed on CITES App. I; while Geoffroy's cat and pampas cat, and jaguarundi are listed on CITES App. II (Emmons, 1990). The contents of this paper summarize one year of general observations on these Paraguayan felids. Status, and to a lesser extent ecology, are discussed.","","","","","","","","Brooks_-_Status_and_observations_on_Felids_in_Chaco.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1837","Distribution, habitat association, and factors determining assemblage composition of mammals in the Paraguayan Chaco","Brooks D;","1993  ","","2PY;activity;Chaco;distribution;habitat;Mammalia;seasonality;","IN FILE","1","49","","","","","","","","","","Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1993_Mammals_in_the_Paraguayan_Chaco.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1838","In vitro fertilization in domestic and non-domestic cats including sequences of early nuclear events, development in vitro, cryopreservation and successful intra- and interspecies embryo transfer","Pope CE;Keller GL;Dresser BL;","1990  ","","artificial breeding;breeding;captive breeding;embryo transfer;Felidae;in vitro fertilization;reproduction technology;semen storage;","IN FILE","189","201","Journal of Reproduction and Fertility","","","","47","","","Supplement","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_et_al_1990_In_vitro_fertilization_and_embryo_transfer_in_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1839","Chaco","Brooks D;","1990  ","","2PY;Chaco;Felidae;public attitude;record;trade;","IN FILE","","","Cat Tales","","","","3","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brooks_1990_Chaco.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1840","Status and conservation of the smaller cats of southern Africa","Visser J;","1976  ","","1ZA;Caracal caracal;conservation;distribution;Felis nigripes;Leptailurus serval;management;population size;status;","IN FILE","70","78","The World's Cats","","","","3","in: Contribution to status, management and conservation (Third International Symposium on the World's Cats)","Eaton RL;","1","Washington","Department of Zoology University of Washington","English","","","","","The World's cats","","","","","","","","","","Visser_1976_Status_and_conservation_of_the_smaller_cats_of_southern_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1841","Prey apportionment and related ecological relationships between large carnivores in Kruger National ParkMammals as Predators","Mills MGL;Biggs HC;","1993  ","","1ZA;Carnivora;diet;feeding behavior;habitat;hunting behavior;predator;prey;prey selection;","IN FILE","253","268","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","65","","Dunstone N;Gorman ML;","","Oxford","The Zoological Society of London","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_&_Biggs_1993_Ecological_relationships_between_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1842","Wildlife Conservation Outside Protected Areas - Lessons from an Experiment in Zambia","Lewis D;Kaweche GB;Mwenya A;","1990  ","not complete","1ZM;conservation;experiment;public attitude;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","171","178","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lewis_et_al_1990_Wildlife_conservation_-_An_experiment_in_Zambia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1843","Notes on some smaller carnivores from the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park","Mills MGL;Nel JAJ;Bothma JdP;","1984  ","","1ZA;Carnivora;density;diet;habitat;habitat selection;Kalahari;social system;","IN FILE","221","227","Koedoe","","","","Supplement","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_et_al_1984_Smaller_carnivores_from_Kalahari_Gemsbok_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1844","Conservation management of large carnivores in Africa","Mills MGL;","1991  ","","Carnivora;competition;conservation;management;predator-prey;reintroduction;translocation;","IN FILE","81","90","Koedoe","","","","34","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_1991_Conservation_management_of_large_carnivores_in_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1845","A comparison of methods used to study food habits of large African carnivores","Mills MGL;","1992  ","","1Afr;Carnivora;feeding behavior;method;observation;population;telemetry;faecal analysis;tracking;wildlife;","IN FILE","1112","1121","","","","","","Wildlife 2001: Populations","McCullough DR;Barrett RH;","","","Elsevier Applied Science","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_1992_Food_habits_of_large_African_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1846","Development of Assisted Reproduction Techniques in Nondomestic Bovids and FelidsSociety for Theriogenology, Proceedings for Annual Meeting, San Diego","Pope CE;","1991  ","","Bovidae;breeding;captive breeding;embryo transfer;Felidae;in vitro fertilization;ovulation;reproduction;","IN FILE","334","337","","","","","","","","","","Society for Theriogenology","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pope_1991_Reproduction_techniques_in_nondomestic_bovids_and_felids.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1847","Interaction between threatened and endangered species and wilderness","Hornocker MG;","1978  ","","conservation;endangered species;prevention;wildlife;","IN FILE","344","350","","","","","","Forty-Third North American Wildlife Conference","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hornocker_1978_Threatened_and_endangered_species_and_wilderness.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1848","Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute, Inc.","","1991  ","","research;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Hornocker_Wildlife_Research_Institute.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1849","Conspecific Attraction and the Determination of Metapopulation Colonization Rates","Smith AT;Peacock MM;","1990  ","","extinction;habitat;metapopulation;population;","IN FILE","320","323","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_&_Peacock_1990_Metapopulation_colonization_rates.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1850","Threatened Mammals Affected by Human Exploitation of the Female-Offspring Bond","Oldfield ML;","1988  ","","endangered species;Mammalia;maternal care;","IN FILE","260","273","Conservation Biology","","","","2","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oldfield_1988_Maternal_behavior_of_threatened_Mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1851","Viable Populations, Reserve Size, and Federal Lands Management: A Critique","Grumbine RE;","1990  ","","biodiversity;conservation;management;Population Viability Analysis;nature reserve;population;","IN FILE","127","133","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grumbine_1990_Viable_population_Reserve_size_and_federal_land_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1852","An observation of aggressive physical interaction between free-ranging lynx","Woelfl M;Woelfl S;","1996  ","","8CH;aggressive behavior;behavior;Eurasian lynx;free-ranging;Lynx lynx;observation;","IN FILE","443","446","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","41","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","During a study of Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland, we observed a fight between a radio-collared adult female and an unmarked lynx. The resident female attacked the other lynx and finally drove it away.","","","","","","","","Woelfl_&_Woelfl_1996_Interaction_between_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1853","Rarity in Neotropical Forest Mammals and Its Ecological Correlates","Arita HT;Robinson JG;Redford KH;","1990  ","","2SAm;conservation;density;diet;distribution;forest;Mammalia;neotropical rainforest;","IN FILE","181","192","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Local density and size of distributional range have been used to characterize rarity, but conclusions are weakened by their possible lack of independence. The usefulness and validity of using these two variables were tested with data on distribution, local density, body size, and feeding habits for a set of 100 Neotropical forest mammals. In a bivariate plot of distributional range against local density, species clustered according to their trophic or taxonomic groups. This indicates that diet and phylogenetic history have an influence on rarity. A negative correlation was found between distribution and abundance. However, this correlation was weaker within trophic or taxonomic groups, and vanished when body size was held constant. These results show hat both distribution and abundance are valid and independent estimators of rarity when comparing species with similar sizes and ecological traits. Regression analysis showed that larger animals tend to have lower densities and wider distributional ranges. Rarity is clearly associated with body size. A dichotomous classification of rarity based on area of distribution and local density is suitable for Neotropical forest mammals. Species in each of four categories created by such a scheme require different conservation and management policies that are determined by the ecological characteristics of the species. Final conservation strategies must also be shaped by political and economic constraints.","","","","","","","","Arita_et_al_1990_Rarity_in_Neotropical_forest_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1854","Extant Unless Proven Extinct?Or, Extinct Unless Pronven Extant?","Diamond JM;","1987  ","","endangered species;extinction;record;","IN FILE","77","79","Conservation Biology","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Diamond_1987_Extant_or_Extinct.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1855","Extant Unless Proven Extinct: The International Legal Precedent","King FW;","1988  ","","CITES;endangered species;extinction;","IN FILE","395","397","Conservation Biology","","","","2","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","King_1988_Extant_unless_proven_extinct.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1856","Ecological Uses of Vertebrate Indicator Species: A Critique","Landres PB;Verner J;Thomas JW;","1988  ","","environment;habitat analysis;indicator species;population;population size;population trend;Vertebrates;","IN FILE","316","325","Conservation Biology","","","","2","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Landres_et_al_1988_Critique_of_vertebrate_indicator_species.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1857","Framework for a geographically referenced tabular/visual conservation data base: Case study Nepal","Ahearn SC;Smith JLD;Wee C;","","","4NP;conservation;Geographic Information System;Global Positioning System;map;method;SQL;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Many national governments and most international development organizations are attempting to integrate conservation and sustainable development goals. To do so they need biological diversity information in a readily accessible form. Currently available conservation data bases are constrained by reliance on paper map products as repositories for spatial information. The ability to readily access information and integrate it with other map layers is seriously constrained within the current environments. This paper proposes a framework for developing a conservation data base using the convergence of technological developments in digital imaging, remote sensing, micro-computers, data base management, geographic information systems, global positioning systems, communications and user interface software. We also describe a pilot project in which we developed the software for a geographically referenced visual/tabular conservation data base for Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal.","","","","","","","","Ahearn_et_al_-_Conservation_data_base_of_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1858","Determining Size and Dispersion of Minimum Viable Population for Land Management Planning and Species Conservation","Lehmkuhl JF;","1984  ","","conservation;dispersal;endangered species;forest;genetic variation;genetics;inbreeding;management;Population Viability Analysis;population;wildlife mangement;","IN FILE","167","176","Environmental Management","Environm Manage ","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lehmkuhl_1984_Size_and_dispersion_of_minimum_viable_population.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1859","Ecological background and management application of contraception in free-living African lions","Berry HH;","","","1Afr;disease;drought;management;Panthera leo;predator-prey;reversible hormonal contraception;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The advent of fencing, artificial waterpoints and elevated levels of disease favoured increases in Etosha's lion population, whilst drastically reducing its preferred prey species. Resultant predator: prey ratios were considered sufficiently abnormal to test whether synthetic hormonal contraception in lionesses could be used as an alternative to culling lions. Thirteen lionesses in 4 prides, comprising 6 % of the adult female population, were used in this experiment. A severe drought coincided with the study, resulting in large numbers of lions, including one experimental pride, being destroyed when trespassing on border farms. The lionesses treated with contraceptives remained anoestrus, but could be returned to fertility by removing implants. Natural mortality of cubs born to untreated lionesses in the experimental prides averaged 58 % which was of the same order as a control pride and other records in Africa. Activity patterns, behaviour and social cohesion in the experimental prides did not alter significantly, but the drought resulted in prides changing their territories. The advantages of contraception as opposed to culling are listed and possible limitations of contraception in free-living lions are given.","","","","","","","","Berry_-_Contraception_in_free-living_African_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1860","Policy issues in wildlife conservation","Rodgers WA;","","","4IN;conservation;public attitude;management;maneater;predator-human conflict;wildlife;","IN FILE","461","468","IJPA","","","","35","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rodgers_-_Policy_issues_in_wildlife_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1861","Leopard and tiger interactions at Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal","McDougal CW;","1988  ","","4NP;Chitwan;coexistence;interspecific competition;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","609","610","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","85","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1988_Leopard_and_tiger_interactions_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1862","Some observations on tiger behaviour in the context of baiting","McDougal CW;","1981  ","","baiting;behavior;hunting behavior;mortality;observation;seasonality;","IN FILE","476","485","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","77","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1981_Observations_on_tiger_behaviour.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1863","Female Land Tenure System in Tigers","Smith JLD;McDougal CW;Sunquist ME;","1987  ","","4NP;Chitwan;female;habitat;mating;mating behavior;Panthera tigris;social system;territorial behaviour;biology;management;conservation;endangered species;","IN FILE","97","109","","","","","","Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management and conservation of an endangered species","Tilson RL;Seal US;","11","NJ","Noyes Publ., Park Ridge","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_et_al_1987_Female_land_tenure_system_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1864","The Man-Eating Tiger in Geographical and Historical Perspective","McDougal CW;","","","history;maneater;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","435","449","","","","","","Tigers of the world","","42","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_-_Man-Eating_tiger_in_perspective.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1865","Leopards living at the edge of the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal","Seidensticker J;Sunquist ME;McDougal CW;","","","4NP;Chitwan;habitat;habitat analysis;habitat selection;Panthera pardus;record;","IN FILE","1","14","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","Centennial Publication","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_et_al_-_Leopards_living_at_the_edge_of_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1866","Hazaribagh Sanctuary Threatened","Vagholikar N;","","","Hazaribagh;nature reserve;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vagholikar_-_Hazaribagh_Sanctuary_threatened.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1867","Tigers beat the Bank","Sahgal B;","2000  ","","4IN;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;World Bank;","IN FILE","1","2","Website","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_2000_Tigers_beat_the_bank.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1868","World Bank vs. Indian tiger","Sahgal B;","2000  ","","4IN;conservation;endangered species;Panthera tigris;World Bank;","IN FILE","","","Washington Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sahgal_2000_World_Bank_versus_Indian_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1869","Wildlife Migration Corridors and Proposed Developmental Activities in Upper Damodar Basin - Map","","","","4IN;activity;corridor;migration;Upper Damodar Basin;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Corridors_and_developmental_activities_-_Map.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1870","Hazaribagh: 1000 Tigers Ecosystem","Imam B;","1998  ","","4IN;ecosystem;Hazaribagh;Panthera tigris;population;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1998_Hazaribagh_-_1000_tigers_ecosystem.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1871","Mining for disaster","Carter P;","1997  ","","4IN;mine;Panthera tigris;World Bank;","IN FILE","64","65","Campaigns Supplement","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Carter_1997_Mining_for_disaster.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1872","Lovers of rockart and indigenous Indian culture are requested to immediately write to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Government of Australia, Canberra","Imam B;","1998  ","Map included","4IN;6AU;corridor;culture;mine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1998_Mining_in_Australia.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1873","National Parks and Sanctuaries in India (Mainland) - Map","","","","4IN;National Park;nature reserve;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_National_parks_and_sanctuaries_in_India-_Map.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1874","2000 Megawatt Super Thermal Power Project (STPP) and Dam at Tandwa, Hazaribagh, in 1000 Tigers Ecosystem: North Karanpura Valley","Imam B;","1999  ","","4IN;conservation;construction project;corridor;ecosystem;Hazaribagh;Karanpura;mine;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Imam_1999_Super_Thermal_Power_Project.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1875","Mining digs deep into India's wildlife refuges","Kumar S;","1995  ","","4IN;conservation;mine;wildlife;","IN FILE","10","10","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kumar_1995_Mining_digs_deep_into_Indias_wildlife_refuges.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1876","Cougar Encounters on Rise in West","","2001 Apr 21 ","","3US;Oregon;Puma concolor;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Cougar_encounters_on_rise_in_west.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1877","Estrategia para la conservation del lince Iberico (Lynx pardinus) en Espagna","Arranz JA;Caldera J;Davila C;Delibes M;Garzon P;Gonzalez JL;Gonzalez LM;Heredia B;Guzman JN;Pintos R;Dominguez L;Pereira P;Prada L;Ruiz R;","1999  ","","8ES;captive breeding;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;Iberian lynx;Lynx pardinus;status;threats;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Comision Nacional de Proteccion de la Naturaleza","Spanish","","","","","","","In Spain, the Iberian lynx is included in the category 'at risk of extinction' in the National Catalogue for Endangered Species (R.D. 439/90) which means that it is object to active conservation measures specified in recovery plans. The Ministry of Environment and responsible authorities of the Autonomous Communities completed this present Strategy which main objective is to secure the long-term conservation of the Iberian lynx, serving as basis for the establishment of Recovery Plans by the Autonomous Communities, and acting as reference frame for the coordination of the conservation actions.","","","","","","","","Arranz_et_al_1999_Estrategia_para_la_conservation_del_lince_Iberico.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1878","Cougar attacks increasing in West","Foster D;","1998 Aug 8 ","","3US;attack on human;Puma concolor;human-predator conflict;status;Washington;","IN FILE","","","Associated Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Foster_1998_Cougar_attacks_increasing_in_west.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","1879","Bibliography of the leopard","Bothma JdP;Meltzer DGA;Penzhorn BL;","","","bibliography;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","University of Pretoria","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bothma_et_al_-_Leopard_bibliography.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1880","Cougars wiping out Sierra Bighorn Sheep, Scientists say","Martin G;","1998 Sep 21 ","","3US;California;extinction;Ovis canadensis;predation;Puma concolor;Sierra Nevada;threat;","IN FILE","","","San Francisco Chronicle","","","","","","","","San Francisco","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_1998_Cougars_wiping_out_Sierra_Bighorn_Sheep.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1881","Lynx population dynamics in an untrapped refugium","Slough BG;Mowat G;","1996  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;emigration;harvest;home range;immigration;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;population dynamics;reproduction;survival;Yukon;","IN FILE","946","961","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","60","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Refugia from trapping are believed to be important to support a long-term sustainable harvest of Canada lynx (Lynx lynx), but long-term studies in unharvested areas are lacking. We studied lynx population characteristics in relation to snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) densities in a 301 km² refugium in the Yukon Territory between 1986 and 1994. Lynx carcasses were collected from adjacent trapping concessions for analysis of attributes of the harvested population. Hare density peaked in summer 1990 and began to decline in the winter of 1990-91. Lynx density in March varied with hare density from 2.7/100 km² in 1987 to 44.9/100 km² in 1991-92. The lynx population doubled annually for 4 years when reproduction and kit and adult survival were high, and immigration balanced or exceeded emigration. High mortality and emigration characterized the lynx decline. Proportions of breeding adults were 100% most years, including the first year of declining hare densities, but zero in the following 2 years. Yearling females reproduced only in the 2 years of highest hare numbers. Kit survival, which was 0% in 1986-87, peaked at 75% for kits of adult females and 26% for kits of yearlings in 1990-91. Emigration peaked annually from March-June, was lowest Sept.-Oct., and was not sex-biased. At least 16% (n = 22) of emigrants were trapped or shot. Seventeen lynx (14M, 3F) emigrated 100-1100 km. Annual natural mortality rates were under 11% for the first 6 years of study, including 2 years of hare decline, 60% in 1992-93 and 25% in 1993-94. The carcass sample contained 36% fewer kits, 40% more yearlings, and 4% fewer adults than were present on the study area, reflecting the lower birth and survival rates of kits of yearling females and trapping bias. Mean annual lynx home range size did not vary with hare density, until 1992-93 when male ranges increased markedly, and 1993-94 when female ranges increased. We recommend a network of permanently assigned untrapped areas to facilitate normal lynx population responses to changing snowshoe hare densities, to prevent local extinctions, and to maximize lynx harvests over a complete population cycle.","","","","","","","","Slough_&_Mowat_1996_Lynx_population_dynamics_in_untrapped_refugium.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1882","Bobcat exports jump 85%","","1980  Winter","","3US;Lynx rufus;CITES;politics;trade;","IN FILE","3","3","Traffic USA","","","","2","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Traffic_1980_Bobcat_exports.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1883","The Wisconsin Puma","Jackson HHT;","1955 Oct 30 ","","3US;Puma concolor;Puma concolor schorgeri;subspecies;Wisconsin;","IN FILE","149","150","Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","","","","68","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1955_Wisconsin_Puma.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1884","U.S. identifies states eligible to export bobcats","","1989 Jun ","","3US;Lynx rufus;CITES;politics;trade;","IN FILE","7","7","Traffic USA","","","","9","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Traffic_1989_Bobcat_exports.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","1885","El Puma","De Yoffe AE;Marchetti B;Palermo MA;","1984  ","Spanish","2AR;activity;characteristic;diet;ecology;fauna;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","Crespo JA;Pampillo G;","31","Buenos Aires","Centro de América Latina","Spanish","","","","","Fauna Argentinia - Centro de América Latina","Palermo MA;Cabal GB;Marchetti B;","","","","","","","","","De_Yoffe_et_al_1984_El_puma.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1886","Mountain Lion","Lindzey F;","1987  ","","3NAm;characteristic;conservation;diet;distribution;ecology;habitat;life history;management;method;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","656","668","","","","","","Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America","Novak M;Baker J;Obbard M;Malloch B;","49","Toronto","Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lindzey_1987_Mountain_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1887","Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter","Ross PI;Jalkotzy MG;Festa-Bianchet M;","1997  ","","3CA;Alberta;Puma concolor;diet;kill rate;mortality;Ovis canadensis;predation;threat;ungulate;winter;","IN FILE","771","775","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","74","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ross_et_al_1997_Cougar_predation_on_bighorn_sheep_Alberta.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1888","Cougar predation on moose in southwestern Alberta","Ross PI;Jalkotzy MG;","1996  ","","3CA;Alberta;Alces alces;Puma concolor;diet;kill rate;predation;prey selection;ungulate;winter;","IN FILE","1","8","Alces","","","","32","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ross_&_Jalkotzy_1996_Cougar_predation_on_moose.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1889","Panther Status Update","Tischendorf JW;","1993  Spring","","3CA;Puma concolor;record;status;","IN FILE","1","2","Eastern Panther Update","","","","","","","3","","American Ecological Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1993_Panther_status_update.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1890","Panthers elsewhere","Tischendorf JW;","1993  Spring","","3CA;Puma concolor;record;status;","IN FILE","2","3","Eastern Panther Update","","","","","","","3","","American Ecological Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1993_Panthers_elsewhere.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1891","Commentary: The Changing Perspective - What, or Where, Next?","Tischendorf JW;","1993  Spring","","3CA;Panthera pardus;record;status;","IN FILE","3","5","Eastern Panther Update","","","","","","","3","","American Ecological Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1993_Changing_perspective.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1892","Pennsylvania Panther Implicated in Pioneer Doctor's Death","Tischendorf JW;","1992  Autumn","","3CA;attack on human;Panthera pardus;Pennsylvania;","IN FILE","6","7","Eastern Panther Update","","","","","","","3","","American Ecological Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1992_Pennsylvania_panther_imlicated_in_pioneer_doctors_death.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1893","Cougar Responses to Human Activity","Jalkotzy MG;","1995 Jun ","","activity;disturbance;human activity;human impact;movement pattern;Puma concolor;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","2","3","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","19","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jalkotzy_1995_Cougar_responses_to_human_activity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1894","The Puma in the central mountains and great plains - a synopsis","Tischendorf JW;Henderson FR;","1994 Dec ","","3US;habitat;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","218","223","Blue Jay","","","","52","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_&_Henderson_1994_Puma_in_the_central_mountains_and_great_plains.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1895","Carnivore conservation - a proposal for the Canadian Rockies - Final report","Dueck H;","1990 Mar 29 ","","3CA;biology;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;Gulo gulo;habitat;human impact;management;population;Puma concolor;Rocky Mountains;status;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","1","146","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dueck_1990_Carnivore_conservation_in_Canadian_Rockies.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1896","10 Jahre Wiedereinbürgerung der Europäischen Wildkatze Felis silvestris silvestris Schreber in Bayern (1984-1993)","Büttner K;","1994  ","","8DE;Bayern;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;reintroduction;sighting;","IN FILE","","","Waldhygiene","","","","","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Buettner_1994_Zehn_Jahre_Wiedereinbuergerung_der_Euroopaeischen_Wildkatze_in_Bayern.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1897","Le chat sauvage (ou forestier)","Liberek M;","1993  ","","8CH;distribution;Felis silvestris;Jura;observation;","IN FILE","36","37","Protection de la Nature","","","","","","","","Basel","LSPN","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Liberek_1993_Le_chat_sauvage.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1898","Tuning into the wildcat","Kitchener AC;","2000  ","","8DE;captive breeding;Felis silvestris;radio telemetry;reintroduction;","IN FILE","62","62","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_2000_Turning_into_the_wildcat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1899","The puma in the central mountains and plainsCentral Mountains and great plains section of the wildlife society meeting, 4.-5. Aug 1993, Manhatten, Kansas","Tischendorf JW;Henderson FR;","1993 Jul 25 ","","3US;habitat;Puma concolor;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1993 Aug 4 ","","","","","Tischendorf_&_Henderson_1993_Puma_in_the_central_mountains_and_plains.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1900","A cat of a different species","Betsy L;","1989  ","","endangered species;in vitro fertilization;reproduction;zoo;","IN FILE","1","1","Cincinnati Zoo","","","","7","","","1","The Cincinnati Zoo, Center for reprodcution of Endangered Wildlife","","English","","","","","","","","","","1992 Sep ","","","","","Betsy_1989_A_cat_of_a_different_species.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1901","Survey checks bobcat's status","Ralph S;","1977 Sep 15 ","","3US;Lynx rufus;conservation;status;survey;trade;","IN FILE","8","10","CNF","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ralph_1977_Survey_checks_of_bobcats_status.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1902","Puma! Puma!","Robinson D;","1976  ","","3NAm;Puma concolor;status;threat;","IN FILE","97","104","Defenders - Educational supplement","","","","","","","","Washington,D.C.","Defenders of Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Robinson_1976_Puma_puma.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","1903","Cougar","Wright BS;","1973  ","","3CA;characteristic;Puma concolor;distribution;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Ottawa Canada","Canadian Wildlife Service - Hinterland Who's Who","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CWS_1973_Cougar.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1904","Potencial detecnicas reproductivas para la conservacion del jaguar","Morato RG;Barnabe RC;","2001  ","","captive breeding;conservation strategy;in vitro fertilization;Panthera onca;reproduction;reproduction technology;","IN FILE","33","43","","","","","","El jaguar en el nuevo milenio: una evaluacion de su estado, deteccion de prioridades y recomendaciones para la conservacion de los jaguares en America","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","2","Mexico, D.F.","Fondo de Cultura Economica-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morato_&_Barnabe_2001_Potencial_detecnicas_reproductivas_para_la_conservacion_del_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1905","Mountain lion social organization in the Idaho primitive area","Seidensticker J;Hornocker MG;Wiles WV;Messick JP;","1973 Dec ","","3US;capture;Idaho;Puma concolor;population dynamics;telemetry;reproduction;social system;","IN FILE","1","61","Wildlife Monographs","","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_et_al_1973_Mountain_lion_social_organization.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1906","The current status of the cougar in the southern Appalachian","Downing RL;","1981  ","","3US;Appalachian;Puma concolor;history;record;status;tracking;","IN FILE","142","151","","","","","","Proceedings of Rongame & Endangered Wildlife Symposium, Athens, GA","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1981 Aug 13 ","","","","","Downing_1981_Current_status_of_the_cougar_in_the_southern_Appalachian.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1907","The Eastern Puma: Evidence Continues to Build","Greenwell JR;","1989  ","","3US;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;status;","IN FILE","1","8","ISC Newsletter","","","","8","","","3","","International Societ of Cryptozoology","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Greenwell_1989_Evidence_of_the_Eastern_Puma_Continues_to_Build.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1908","Wildlife History is Made in New Brunswick! The Waasis Panther","","1990  ","","3CA;history;New Brunswick;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","1","Panther Prints - Newsletter of The Friends of The Eastern Panther","","","","1","","","1","Exeter, N.H.","Friends of The Eastern Panther","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_The_Waasis_panther.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1909","Donna Noble - The Waasis Cougar - My Story","Noble DM;","1990  ","","3CA;Puma concolor;New Brunswick;Puma concolor cougar;record;story;","IN FILE","3","3","Panther Prints - Newsletter of The Friends of The Eastern Panther","","","","1","","","1","Exeter, N.H.","Friends of The Eastern Panther","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Noble_1990_The_Waasis_cougar.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1910","The Eastern Cougar in the Maritime Provinces","Parker G;","1983  ","","3CA;Puma concolor;New Brunswick;Puma concolor cougar;status;","IN FILE","150","155","","N B Naturalist","","","12","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Parker_1983_Eastern_Cougar_in_the_Maritime_Provinces.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1911","Jay's Track - The Eastern Panther and the Burden of Proof","Tischendorf JW;","1991  Spring","","Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;status;track;","IN FILE","3","3","Panther Prints - Newsletter of The Friends of The Eastern Panther","","","","1","","","2","Exeter","The Friends of The Eastern Panther","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1991_The_Eastern_panther_and_the_burden_of_proof.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1912","Status report on Eastern cougar Felis concolor cougar in Canada","van Zyll GG;van Ingen E;","1978  ","","3CA;Puma concolor;distribution;history;Puma concolor cougar;record;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","","COSEWIC - Committee on the status of endangered wildlife in Canada","English","","","","","Status report on endangered wildlife in Canada","","","","","","","","","","Van_Zyll_&_Van_Ingen_1978_Status_report_on_Eastern_Cougar_in_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1913","Immovilizacion quimica de jaguares libres con una combinacion de tiletamina y zolazepam","Morato RG;Moura CA;Crawshaw PG;","2001  ","","capture;conservation strategy;immobilization;method;Panthera onca;veterinary;","IN FILE","83","91","","","","","","El jaguar en el nuevo milenio: una evaluacion de su estado, deteccion de prioridades y recomendaciones para la conservacion de los jaguares en America","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","5","Mexico, D.F.","Fondo de Cultura Economica-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morato_et_al_2001_Immovilizacion_quimica_de_jaguares.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1914","Important sightings continue in the northeast","","1991  Summer - Fall","","3CA;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;sighting;status;","IN FILE","1","3","Panther Prints - Newsletter of The Friends of The Eastern Panther","","","","1","","","3","Exeter","The Friends of The Eastern Panther","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Important_sightings_continue_in_the_northeast.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1915","Jay's Track - Some thoughts on the road-kill question","Tischendorf JW;","1991  Summer - Fall","","3CA;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;sighting;track;traffic accident;","IN FILE","3","4","Panther Prints - Newsletter of The Friends of The Eastern Panther","","","","1","","","3","Exeter","The Friends of The Eastern Panther","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1991_Some_thoughts_on_the_road-kill_question.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1916","The illegal trade in snow leopards - a global perspecitve","Dexel B;","2002  ","","4BT;4CN;4IN;4KG;4KZ;4MN;4NP;5AF;5PK;7RU;7SW;CITES;conservation;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","34","","","","","","","","","Berlin","Naturschutzbund Deutschland NABU","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dexel_2002_Illegal_trade_in_snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1917","The cougar dream lives on","Brown T;","1982  July-Aug","","3CA;Puma concolor;Puma concolor cougar;record;status;","IN FILE","12","15","Outdoor Canada","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brown_1982_The_cougar_dream_lives_on.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1918","Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)","Singh A;Gaur SA;Singh L;","2002  ","","4IN;Asiatic lion;genetic variability;genetic variation;genetics;lion;microsatellite;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","542","543","Molecular Ecology Notes","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","All cat species, except domestic cats, are either threatened or endangered. The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica), a critically endangered species, is driven to a single habitat zone in Gir forests in India for its survival. The present status of this big cat compels us to acquire deeper knowledge of its genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships. Here we report the isolation of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from a partial genomic library of the Asiatic lion. These loci were characterized and have shown high levels of variation ranging from six to 11 alleles per locus in the population studied.","","","","","","","","Singh_et_al_2002_Novel_microsatellite_markers_in_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1919","Bill seeks to remove some protections for cougars!","","1995 Jan 13 ","","3US;attack on human;legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Los Angeles Times","","","","","","","","Los Angeles","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Removal_of_protections_for_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1920","Mountain Lion is suspect in death of San Diego hiker - cougar shot near woman's bloody clothes","","1994 Dec 12 ","","3US;attack on human;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","A22","","San Francisco Chronicle","","","","","","","","San Francisco","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Mountain_Lion_kills_San_Diego_hiker.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1921","Tracking the attacks by cougars - Turf war between people and cats","Martin G;","1994 Aug 18 ","","3US;attack on human;Puma concolor;human-predator conflict;tracking;","IN FILE","","","San Francisco Chronicle","","","","","","","","San Francisco","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_1994_Tracking_the_attacks_by_Cougars.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1922","Trackers shoot cougar they thingk killed jogger - Cat's dental pattern closely matched wounds on victim's neck","Nadeau T;","1994 May 2 ","","3US;attack on human;Puma concolor;human-predator conflict;","IN FILE","A15","","San Francisco Chronicle","","","","","","","","San Francisco","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nadeau_1994_Trackers_shoot_cougar_they_think_killed_jogger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1923","Mountain lions: education, not hunting, is the answer - Environmentalists support A.B. 2110 (Cortese)","Palmer MJ;","1994 Aug 22 ","","attack on human;human-predator conflict;hunting (by human);legislation;Puma concolor;public education;","IN FILE","1","4","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Palmer_1994_Mountain_lions_-_education_not_hunting_is_the_answer.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1924","Press statement regarding mountain lions by assemblyman Dominique L. Cortese, Chariman","Cortese DL;","1994 Aug 18 ","","attack on human;human-predator conflict;legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","California Legislature Assembly Committee on Water, Parks and Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cortese_1994_Press_statement_regarding_Mountain_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1925","Feasibility of translocating panthers into Northern Florida","Belden RC;Hagedorn BW;","1993  ","","3US;diet;Florida;home range;hunting behavior;mortality;movement pattern;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;translocation;","IN FILE","388","397","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","57","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Seven mountain lions (Felis concolor stanleyana) captured in western Texas were released in northern Florida and used as surrogates for evaluating the feasibility of translocating Florida panthers (F. c. coryi). Using radio telemetry, they were monitored daily, except Sundays, from 15 June 1988 to 19 April 1989. The lions established overlapping home ranges, killed large prey at a predicted frequency, and settled into routine movement and feeding patterns before the hunting season. However, during the hunting season the lions either were killed, or they abandoned their home ranges. Subsequent wanderings into urban areas and livestock operations necessitated the early removal of study animals. We cannot recommend the introduction of Florida panthers into northern Florida at this time. Instead, we recommend further study of techniques for establishing viable populations that are compatible with the expanding human population.","","","","","","","","Belden_&_Hagedorn_1993_Puma_translocation_feasibility.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1926","Demographics and Genetic Introgression on the Florida Panther","Maehr DS;Caddick GB;","1995  ","","3US;Florida;genetics;inbreeding;kitten;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;reproduction;","IN FILE","1295","1298","Conservation Biology","","","","9","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maehr_&_Caddick_1995_Florida_panther_demographics_and_genetic_introgression.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1927","Le chat des sables, un redoutable chasseur de serpents","Dragesco-Joffe A;","1993  ","(English translation see ID 2569)","1Afr;desert;diet;ecology;Felis margarita;Sahara;sand cat;snake;","IN FILE","129","133","","","","","","La Vie Sauvage du Sahara","","","Lausanne","Delachaux et Niestlé","French","","","","","","","The sand cat (Felis margarita) is admirably suited to its name and only lives in truly sandy regions of the Sahara. It has so many things in common with the fennec that it is almost obligatory to draw a parallel between the two animals. The place occupied by the sand cat among the Felids is, in fact, exactly equivalent to that occupied by the fennec among the Canids. They represent, each for its group, the species which in the course of evolution has developed the best adaptations for a hyper-arid environment. The sand cat is undoubtedly the only cat capable of living in the depths of the desert and, like the fennec has, on this account, a real fascination for the Saharan naturalist such as mvself. The sand cat is very small, weighing no more than 2.4 kg on average (3 kg maximum) and rarely measures more than 25 cm at the shoulder and 80 an in total length (maximum 92 cm), including its tail of 32 cm. That makes it the smallest cat living in the Sahara and one of the smallest on the Black Continent, since only the black-footed cat (Felis nigripes) - its homologue of the arid regions of southern Africa - is smaller in size. The general appearance of the sand cat does not resemble in any way that of the wildcat of Africa. Photographs do not do it justice, because it is above all in moving that the animal shows the difference. It has a particularly clumsy air, because its legs are unusually short and seem too wide apart. This oddity is even more accentuated by the fact that the animal tends to graze the ground as it walks. As it has, moreover, an oversized head, the first contact with this animal is striking and unforgettable.","","","","","","","","Dragesco-Joffe_1993_Le_chat_des_sables.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1928","The Florida Panther in Modern Mythology","Maehr DS;","1998  ","","distribution;ecology;Florida;genetics;mortality;population trend;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reproduction;","IN FILE","179","184","Natural Areas Journal","","","","18","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maehr_1998_Florida_panther_in_modern_mythology.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1929","Florida panther genetic restoration and management - Annual performance report Study No. 7508","Johnson KG;Land ED;Lotz MA;","1995  ","","3US;distribution;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;management;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;research;social behavior;translocation;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","49","","","","","7508","","","","","","English","","","","","Annual Performance ReportStatewide Wildlife Research","","","","","","","","","","Johnson_et_al_1995_Florida_panther_genetic_restoration_and_management.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1930","Genetic restoration of the Florida pantherFinal environmental assessment","Jordan DB;","1994  ","includes Ref ID 1931 to 1933","3US;distribution;environment;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;habitat;population;population size;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","53","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Genetic_restoration_of_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1931","A plan for genetic restoration and management of the Florida Panther","Arnold S;et al.;","1994  ","Part of Ref ID 1930","3US;Florida;genetics;management;morphology;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;telemetry;reproduction;translocation;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","Seal US;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Genetic_restoration_of_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1932","Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive impairment in the Florida panther - Draft","Jordan DB;et al.;","1994  ","Part of Ref ID 1930","3US;endangered species;Florida;genetics;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Genetic_restoration_of_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1933","Genetic management strategies and population viability of the Florida panther","Arnold S;et al.;","1994  ","Part of Ref ID 1930","3US;endangered species;Florida;genetics;management;population;Population Viability Analysis;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;reintroduction;translocation;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Genetic_restoration_of_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1934","Panther journeys from Big Cypress to Orlando","Loomis M;","1998  ","on: http://lynx.uio.no/lynx/nancy/pw/csg/auto/n079814b.htm","3US;Big Cypress;Orlando;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","2","Website","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loomis_1998_Panther_journeys_from_Big_Cypress_to_Orlando.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1935","Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revision of Recovery Plan for the Florida Panther","Hankla D;","1997  ","","3US;endangered species;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Federal Register","","","","62","","","249","","","English","","","","","","","The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) announces its intent to revise the recovery plan for the endangered Florida panther, Puma (Felis) concolor coryi. The Service established a Recovery Team comprised of key individuals and scientists involved in the Florida panther recovery program to guide the revision process. Additional opportunities for public review and comment will be available when the revised plan is in draft form.","","","","","","","","Hankla_1997_Revision_of_recovery_plan_for_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1936","Leopard pilot population study at Rungwa/Piti ecosystem, Tanzania, East Africa: Final Report","Caso MSA;","2002  ","","1TZ;GPS;home range;management;Panthera pardus;satellite telemetry;status;telemetry;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The African Leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the most important trophy game animals in East Africa, due to the fact that it is considered by sport hunters as one of the Big Five quarry species. However, there is still a lot of concern about the sustainable amount of hunting for this species in some game reserves of Tanzania. Although leopard appear to be abundant in must places, because of their shy, retiring and semi-nocturnal habits, they are thought to be scarce and even endangered. No proper leopard studies or census have ever taken place in Tanzania's hunting areas. Due to the lack of population studies, the number of licenses issued for this species in game reserves could therefore be-readjusted by the Tanzania Wildlife Authority. For this project we captured ten leopards and we were able to radio collared eight adult animals (3M : 5F). A radio-collar with a GPS sensor was attached to each of these adult cats and we obtained a mean home range mean value for these three males of 136.37 km2 and 25.06 km2 for the four females. With this early data about spatial patterns we can come with an idea of how is leopard population at the Rungwa/Piti ecosystem.","","","","","","","","Caso_2002_Leopards_in_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1937","The Florida Panther Story","Belden RC;","1995  ","","3US;endangered species;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Belden_1995_Florida_panther_story.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1938","Florida panther update (July-Semptember 1992)","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_update_-_July-September_1992.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1939","Florida panther update","Jordan DB;","1995  ","","3US;activity;conservation;Florida;genetics;habitat;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","This newsletter contains an update on all activities concerning Florida panther conservation betwen 1994 and 1995. Special emphasis is placed on the revision of the 1987 Florida Panther Recovery Plan, which included the development of a genetic management plan. Furthermore, habitat conservation activities, contracts with landowners, field activities, meetings, and public information campaigns are mentioned. Progress of the reintroduction project is described in detail.","","","","","","","","Jordan_1995_Florida_panther_update.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1940","Genetic Restoration Strategy - Florida Panther Overview","Jordan DB;","1994  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Genetic_restoration_strategy_-_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1941","Florida panther update (October-December 1993)","Jordan DB;","1994  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Forida_panther_update_-_October-December_1993.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1942","Florida panther update (August-September 1993)","Jordan DB;","1994  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Florida_panther_update_-_August-September_1993.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1943","Florida panther update (April-June 1994)","Jordan DB;","2001  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1994_Florida_panther_update_-_April-June_1994.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1944","Florida panther update (April-July 1993)","Jordan DB;","1993  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1993_Florida_panther_update_-_April-July_1993.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1945","Safe passage for treasures of the wild","Klinkenberg J;","1990  ","","3US;corridor;endangered species;habitat fragmentation;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;underpass;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","St Petersburg Times","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Klinkenberg_1990_Safe_passage_for_treasures_of_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1946","Last known female Panthers in Everglades found dead","","1991  ","","3US;Everglades;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","","","Schweizer Familie Chronicle","SF Chronicle","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Last_Panther_in_Everglades.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1947","Social Ecology of Florida Panthers","Maehr DS;Land D;Roof JC;","1991  ","","3US;ecology;Florida;habitat;habitat use;home range;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;radio telemetry;social system;","IN FILE","414","431","National Geographic Research & Exploration","","","","7","","","4","Washington, D.C.","National Geographic Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maehr_et_al_1991_Social_ecology_of_Florida_panthers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1948","Do recent panther deaths in Everglades National Park suggest an ephemeral population?","Bass OL;Maehr DS;","1991  ","","3US;disease;Everglades;Florida;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;National Park;population;","IN FILE","426","427","National Geographic Research & Exploration","","","","7","","","4","Washington, D.C.","National Geographic Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bass_&_Maehr_1991_Do_panther_deaths_in_Everglades_suggest_an_ephemeral_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1949","The Florida Panther and Private Lands","Maehr DS;","1990  ","","3US;conservation;endangered species;Florida;nature reserve;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","167","170","Conservation Biology","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maehr_1990_Florida_panther_and_private_lands.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1950","Saving panthers in Florida","Bryant E;","1995  ","","3US;endangered species;Florida;habitat;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","","","Earth Time","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bryant_1995_Saving_panthers_in_Florida.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1951","Reproductive impairment in the Florida panther: Are contaminants a factor?","Facemire CF;Guillette LJ;","1994  ","","3US;disease;endangered species;Florida;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","The Florida Panther Conference","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1994  1st - 3rd","","","","","Facemire_&_Guillette_1994_Reproductive_impairment_in_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1952","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) Recovery Plan","","1987  ","prepared by the Florida Panther Interagency Committee for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, AtlantaThis document is a revision of an earlier draft (1981), RefID:5770","3US;action plan;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;cougar;diet;distribution;Florida;habitat;history;home range;hunting;movement pattern;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;Recovery plan;reproduction;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","75","","","","","","","","","Atlanta","U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service / Florida Panther Interagency Committee","English","","","","","","","The Florida Panther Recovery Team was appointed by the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1976 for the purpose of preparing, and assisting in coordinating the implementation of, a recovery plan for the Florida panther.  In 1987, the revision of the first draft, originally published in 1981, was undertaken by the Technical subcommittee of the Florida Panther Interagency Committee. The recovery plan is intended to serve as a guide that delineates and schedules those actions believed necessary to restore the panther as a viable self-sustaining element of its ecosystem. It includes a detailed status report, identifies twenty-seven key panther issues and recovery goals. A step-down outline of objectives and time schedules to achieve the goals are presented.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Florida_panther_recovery_plan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1953","Preliminary Analysis of Potential Florida panther reintroduction sites","Jordan DB;","1993  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1993_Potential_Florida_panther_reintroduction_sites.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1954","Florida panther Habitat preservation plan - South Florida Population","Logan TH;Eller AC;Morrell R;Ruffner D;Sewell J;","1993  ","","3US;CCT;cct_meth;conservation;distribution;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat assessment;habitat conservation;habitat fragmentation;human attitude;Minimum viable population;pollution;population;private land;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;radio telemetry;threat;","IN FILE","1","44","","","","","","","","","Gainesville, FL","Florida Panther Interagency Committee","English","","","","","","","The Florida Panther Habitat Preservation Plan was issued by the Florida Panther Interagency Committee in 1993 and approved by government officials in 1994. It identifies occupied and potential panther habitat, threats to these habitats, and the options available to maintain sufficient habitat for a self-sustaining population of panthers in south Florida. The Committee recommends the development of site-specific habitat preservation strategies for essential panther habitat, the development of conservation plans for private lands, coordination of all habitat conservation efforts with existing legislation, and preservation of lands essential to panther recovery. Different methods of habitat preservation are presented.","","","","","","","","Logan_et_al_1993_Florida_panther_habitat_preservation_plan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1955","Florida panther update (January-March 1994)","Jordan DB;","1994  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1993_Florida_panther_update_-_January-March_1994.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1956","Report on methods used to condition three western pumas, Felis concolor stanleyana for release","Lukas J;","","","method;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;release;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lukas_-_Methods_used_to_condition_three_western_pumas.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1957","Florida panther recovery plan implementation","Belden RC;McCown JW;","1994  ","","3US;captive breeding;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;telemetry;reintroduction;release;research;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Annual Performance ReportStatewide Wildlife Research","","Ten mountain lions were released into northern Florida on 22 February 1993. These included 6 females and 4 males. Three of the 10 released mountain lions were born in captivity at Gillman Paper Company's White Oak Plantation near Yulee, Florida. These animals were radio-monitored on a daily basis through April 1993 and 3 days/week (M, W, F) thereafter. The captive-raised mountain lions appear to have adapted more quickly and easily to the study area than did wild-caught lions. We recommend that the number of study animals be maintained at 10.","","","","","","","","Belden_&_McCown_1994_Florida_panther_research.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1958","Florida Panther - Population Viability Analysis","Ballou JD;Foose TJ;Lacy RC;Seal US;","1989  ","","3US;Florida;genetics;population;Population Viability Analysis;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","49","","","","","","","","","","CBSG","English","","","","","","","A conservation strategy or recovery plan based on viable populations for a taxon like the Florida panther should: (1) Expand the population numbers (100's to 1000's) and in range to provide multiple populations of 50-100 each, all managed as a metapopulation. (2) Develop a vigorous program of captive propagation to reinforce the wild populations. (3) Intervene in wild populations to ameliorate genetic, demographic, and environmental problems. (4) Conduct an extensive and continuing population viability analysis as situations change, knowledge increases, and science advances.","","","","","","","","Ballou_et_al_1989_Florida_panther_PVA.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1959","Florida panther overview","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;conservation;endangered species;Florida;genetic variation;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_overview.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1960","Florida panther update (January-March 1992)","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_update_-_January-March_1992.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1961","The search for the Florida panther","Horan J;","1978  ","","3US;endangered species;Everglades;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","36","39","National Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Horan_1978_The_search_for_the_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1962","Plight of the Panther","Carr A;","1984  ","","3US;endangered species;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","","","Animal Kingdom","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Carr_1984_Plight_of_the_panther.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1963","Searching for the One True Cat","Flowers C;","1989  ","","3US;endangered species;Everglades;Florida;genetics;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","24","28","National Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Flowers_1989_Searching_for_the_one_true_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1964","Internet webcast to track jaguars in jungles of Mexico","Sparkman K;","2001 Jan 12 ","","2MX;Panthera onca;public education;track;","IN FILE","","","FusionsparkMedia","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sparkman_2001_Internet_webcast_to_track_jaguars_in_jungles_of_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1965","A proposal to establish a captive breeding population of Florida panthers","Jordan DB;","1991  ","","3US;breeding;captive breeding;disease;Florida;genetics;kitten;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;translocation;","IN FILE","1","65","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1991_Captive_breeding_population_of_Florida_panthers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1966","Florida panther protection / enhancement / recoveryA historical review of events to date","Jordan DB;","1988  ","","3US;endangered species;Florida;history;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1988_Florida_panther_protection_enhancement_and_recovery.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1967","Crossroads for the panther?","Greene J;","1111  ","","3US;conservation;Everglades;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;radio telemetry;threat;","IN FILE","6","11","Defenders of Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Greene_-_Crossroads_for_the_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1968","Florida panther update (April-June 1992)","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_update_-_April-June_1992.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1969","California Concerned about Cougar attacks","","1986  ","","3US;attack on human;California;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_California_concerned_about_Cougar_attacks.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1970","Florida panther recovery plan implementation - A 1983 Progress Report","Belden RC;","1982  ","","3US;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;cougar;diet;distribution;endangered species;feeding behavior;Florida;habitat selection;land management;management;movement pattern;public education;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;status;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","International Cat Symposium","","","Kingsville, Texas","","English","","","","","","","The Florida Panther Recovery Team was appointed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in July 1976 to prepare and assist in coordinating the implementation of a recovery plan for the Florida panther. The step-down outline for the plan was completed in October 1976. The goal of the plan is to prevent the extinction and re-establish viable populations of Florida panthers in as much of the former range as is feasible. Three objectives are identified to attain this goal: to find and maintain any existing populations of Florida panthers, to improve public opinion and behavior regarding the existence of Florida panthers, and to re-establish populations where feasible. In the past 7 years, progress has been made toward the accomplishment of these objectives. Activities include the operation of a Florida Panther Record Clearinghouse, investigating sighting reports, field searches for panther sign, radio-telemetry studies to determine movements and habitat preferences, food habits studies, taxonomic studies, public education programs, and evaluation of present regulations and land management polices.","","","1982 Oct 4th - 6th","","","","","Belden_1982_Florida_panther_recovery_plan_implementation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1971","Florida panther update (January-March 1993)","Jordan DB;","2001  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1993_Florida_panther_update_-_January-March_1993.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1972","Florida panther update (January 1992)","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_update_-_January_1992.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1973","Florida panther update (February 1992)","Jordan DB;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1992_Florida_panther_update_-_February_1992.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1974","A lion cub more popular than orphans","","1994 May 28 ","","3US;attack on human;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Studbook","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Lion_cub_more_popular_than_orphans.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","1975","Man-Killers - You worry about grisszly bears and sharks. We're keeping an eye peeled for Bambi and his deadly pals","Bensimhon D;Brophy M;","1992 Apr ","","3US;attack on human;Cervidae;eye;human-predator conflict;traffic accident;","IN FILE","79","79","Men's Health","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Benismhon_&_Brophy_1992_Man-killers.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1976","Conservation of jaguars in the protected areas of Atlantic coastal forest, Brazil","Leite MRP;Boulhosa RLP;Galvao F;Cullen L jr.;","2002  ","","2BR;Atlantic forest;conservation;ecology;Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Jaguars in the new millenium. A status assessment, priority detection, and recommendations for the conservation of jaguars in the Americas","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","","Mexico D. F.","Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico / Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leite_et_al_2002_Jaguars_in_Atlantic_coastal_forest_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","1977","100 Reasons to Protect Prop. 117 - Land saved by the Mountain Lion Initiative 1990 - 1993","","1994  ","","3US;California;conservation;habitat protection;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Sacramento, California","Mountain Lion Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Land_saved_by_the_Mountain_Lion_Initiative.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1978","Facts about Mountain Lion attacks and Proposition 117","","1994 May ","","3US;attack on human;California;legislation;livestock damage;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","0","5","Press release","","","","","","","","Sacramento","Mountain Lion Foundation - Protecting California's Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Mountain_Lion_attacks_and_Proposition_117.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1979","Does one death justify renewing lion hunts?","Yeates JW;","1994 May 10 ","","3US;attack on human;California;human-predator conflict;legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","Sacramento Bee Final","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yeates_1994_Does_one_death_justify_renewing_lion_hunts.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","1980","Jaguars, pumas, their prey base, and cattle ranching: ecological interpretations of a management problem","Polisar J;Maxit I;Scognamillo D;Farrell L;Sunquist ME;Eisenberg JF;","2003  ","","2VE;behavior;cattle;depredation;health;husbandry;jaguar;livestock damage;management;Panthera onca;predator;prey;puma;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","297","310","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","109","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Jaguar and puma depredation on livestock may be influenced by (1) innate and learned behavior; (2) health and status of individual cats; (3) division of space and resources among jaguar and puma; (4) cattle husbandry practices; and (5) abundance and distribution of natural prey. Our study in Los Llanos of Venezuela aimed to establish how all these elements related to cattle being lost to cat depredation. Prey distribution was influenced by forest composition, topographical characteristics, and degree of habitat interspersion. The biomass of natural prey in the study area was adequate to support the resident large cats without a subsidy of livestock. Selective rather than opportunistic hunting by the cats reinforced that conclusion. Puma were responsible for more attacks on livestock than jaguar, frequently in maternity pastures in upland areas of relatively low prey availability. Management recommendations are discussed that may be relevant to other savanna/forest mosaics of South America.","","","","","","","","Polisar_2003_Jaguars_Pumas_Prey_base_and_livestock_damage.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1981","Reader's Reactions on Mountain lion conflict: Protect mountain lions of people?","","1994 May 3 ","","3US;attack on human;California;conflict;human-predator conflict;legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","Sacramento Bee Final","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Readers_reactions_on_Mountain_lion_conflict.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1982","Letters to the Editor: When human activities extend into mountain lion habitat","","1994 May 8 ","","3US;activity;attack on human;California;habitat;habitat fragmentation;human activity;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;public attitude;","IN FILE","","","San Francisco Sunday Examines","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Human_activities_in_puma_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","1983","Family Felidae - The Cats","Lekagul B;McNeely JA;","1988  ","","4TH;biometrics;Catopuma temmincki;distribution;Felidae;Felis chaus;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;Prionailurus viverrina;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","603","","","","","","","Mammals of Thailand","Lekagul B;McNeely JA;","","634","Association for the Conservation of Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lekagul_&_McNeely_1988_Family_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","1984","Survival of the big cats bring conflict with man","Stevens WK;","1994 Aug 2 ","","3US;attack on human;conflict;human-predator conflict;public attitude;Puma concolor;survival;","IN FILE","B5","","","","New York Times - Science Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stevens_1994_Survival_of_the_big_cats_brings_conflict_with_man.pdf","","","",""
"THES","1985","Ecologia comportamiento del Puma (Puma concolor) en amfientes fracmentados","Lopez Gonzalez CA;","1994  ","English summary","3US;activity;habitat fragmentation;home range;movement pattern;Puma concolor;spatial use;","IN FILE","1","63","","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez-Gonzales_1994_Ecologia_compartamiento_del_Puma_en_amfientes_fracmentados.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1986","Large carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains - A long-term strategy for maintaining free-ranging and self-sustaining populations of carnivores","Paquet P;Hackman A;","1995 May ","","3NAm;Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;free-ranging;population;Rocky Mountains;WWF;","IN FILE","1","52","","","","","","","","","","WWF Canada / WWF United States","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Paquet_&_Hackman_1995_Large_carnivore_conservation_in_the_Rocky_mountains.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1987","A conservation strategy for large carnivores in Canada","Hummel M;","1990  ","Cover, Introduction, Summary, Appendices. Sections 1 to 3 in RefIDs 1988 to 1990","3CA;bear;Canada;Carnivora;carnivores;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;cougar;large carnivores;strategy;wolf;wolverine;WWF;","IN FILE","1","98","","","","","","","","","Toronto, Ontario","WWF","English","","","","","","","This document contains a summary of the Conservation Strategy for Large Carnivores in Canada (Hummel 1990). Further included are appendices, describing in detail protected areas and methods used for population surveys.","","","","","","","","Hummel_1990_A_conservation_strategy_for_large_carnivores_in_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1988","Status of large carnivores in the World (Section 1, Chapter 1)","Hummel M;","1990  ","in RefID 1987","3CA;bear;Canis lupus;Carnivora;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;cougar;Gulo gulo;Puma concolor;status;Ursidae;Ursus arctos;wolf;wolverine;WWF;","IN FILE","10","19","","","","","","A conservation strategy for large carnivores in Canada","","","Ontario","WWF","English","","","","","","","This document makes part of the Conservation Strategy for large carnivores in Canada (Hummel 1990). It contains the first chapter of the report, a review of the status of large carnivores in the world.","","","","","","","","Hummel_1990_Status_of_large_carnivores_in_the_world.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1989","Status of large carnivores in Canada (Section 1, Chapter 2)","Hummel M;","1990  ","in RefID 1987","3CA;bear;Canis lupus;Carnivora;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;cougar;distribution;Gulo gulo;Puma concolor;status;Ursidae;Ursus arctos;wolf;wolverine;WWF;","IN FILE","20","50","","","","",""," A conservation strategy for large carnivores in Canada","","","Ontario","WWF","English","","","","","","","This document makes part of the Conservation Strategy for large carnivores in Canada (Hummel 1990). It contains the second chapter of the report, a review of the status of large carnivores in Canada.","","","","","","","","Hummel_1990_Status_of_large_carnivores_in_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","1990","A conservation strategy for large carnivores in Canada (Section 2, Chapter 3)","Hummel M;","1990  ","in RefID 1987","3CA;area;bear;Canada;Canis lupus;Carnivora;carnivore;carnivores;CCT;cct_ap/cs;conservation;conservation strategy;control;cooperation;cougar;distribution;education;Gulo gulo;habitat;hunting legislation;impact;large carnivores;measure;measures;mortality;poaching;population;protected area;public education;Puma concolor;research;status;strategy;Ursidae;Ursus arctos;wild;wolf;wolverine;WWF;","IN FILE","51","91","","","","","","A conservation strategy for large carnivores in Canada","","","Toronto, Ontario","WWF","English","","","","","","","The goal of this Conservation strategy is to conserve viable wild populations of large carnivores in Canada. To accomplish this goal, the following strategic steps need to be undertaken: 1) Determine Population Conservation Goals 2) Establish Carnivore Conservation Areas 3) Control Direct Human-Caused Mortality 4) Control Impacts on Habitat 5) Strengthen Public Education 6) Strengthen Conservation Research 7) Improve Jurisdictional Cooperation. This document outlines methods and measures to be taken in order to achieve these steps, and makes recommendations on concrete actions for each specific species.","","","","","","","","Hummel_1990_Conservation_strategy_for_large_carnivores_in_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1991","Diurnal bedding habitat of mountain lions in northeast OregonAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Akenson J;Henjum M;Craddock T;","1996  ","","3US;California;habitat;Puma concolor;Oregon;spatial use;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1992","Forensic investigation to identify perpetrating mountain lions in two separate fatal attacks on humans in CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Banks J;Levine K;Syvanen M;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;California;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;public attitude;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1993","Necropsying mountain lions Invoelved in fatal of near fatal human attacks: the benefits of protocol and interagency networkAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Barr BC;Swift PK;Clark WE;Ardans A;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;California;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;public attitude;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1994","Dispersal of juvenile cougars in fragmented habitatAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Beier P;","1996  ","","3US;California;corridor;Puma concolor;dispersal;habitat;habitat fragmentation;movement pattern;","IN FILE","2","2","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1995","Power of track surveys to monitor population trendAbstracts","Beier P;Cunningham SC;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;population;population trend;statistic;survey;track;tracking;track survey;","IN FILE","3","3","","","","","","Fifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1996","Feasibility of using captive-raised mountain lions fo restablishing populationsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Belden RC;McCown JW;","1996  ","","3US;California;captive breeding;conservation strategy;Florida;Puma concolor;population;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","3","3","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1997","Lion-Black bear interactions: A survey for participantsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Black HL;Flinders JT;","1996  ","","3US;California;interspecific interaction;Puma concolor;survey;Ursus americanus;","IN FILE","4","4","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1998","Mortality of mule deer in the western great basin: The role of predation by mountain lionsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Bleich VC;Taylor TJ;Pierce BM;","1996  ","","3US;California;deer;mortality;Puma concolor;Odocoileus hemionus;predation;","IN FILE","4","4","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","1999","Profile of Montana mountain lion huntersAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Brooks R;","1996  ","","3US;California;hunting (by human);Montana;Puma concolor;public attitude;","IN FILE","4","4","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2000","Characterization of genetic variation in the Puma (Puma concolor)AbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Culver M;Raymond M;Johnson WE;Roelke ME;O'Brien SJ;","1996  ","","3US;California;genetic differentiation;genetics;microsatellite;Puma concolor;mtDNA;subspecies;","IN FILE","5","5","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2001","Population demographics of an exploited mountain lion populationAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Cunningham SC;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;population;density;population dynamics;","IN FILE","5","5","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2002","Prey availability and selection by mountain lions in the Aravaipa-Klondyke area of ArizonaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Cunningham SC;","1996  ","","3US;Arizona;California;diet;Puma concolor;prey;prey availability;prey selection;","IN FILE","6","6","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2003","A device to safely remove immobilized mountain lions from trees and cliffsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Davis JL;Chetkievicz CLB;Bleich VC;Raygorodetsky G;Pierce BM;Ostergard JW;Wehausen JD;","1996  ","","3US;California;capture;field method;immobilization;method;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","6","6","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","Collection of 64 abstracts from papers, presented at the fifth mountain lion workshop.","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2004","Mounatin lion food habits in a desert environment: Preliminary resultsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Elmer M;","1996  ","","3US;California;desert;diet;environment;feeding behavior;Puma concolor;New Mexico;Odocoileus hemionus;","IN FILE","6","6","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2005","DNA from mountain lion scat: Preliminary studiesAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Ernest HB;Syvanen M;Boyce WM;","1996  ","","3US;California;DNA;DNA technique;genetics;method;Puma concolor;population genetics;predator-prey;faeces;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","7","7","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2006","Sources and distribution of proposition 117 FundsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Fitzhugh EL;","1996  ","","3US;California;distribution;legislation;Puma concolor;politics;","IN FILE","7","7","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2007","Trends in lion mortality, western United StatesAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Fitzhugh EL;Anderson AE;","1996  ","","3US;Arizona;California;management;Montana;mortality;Puma concolor;population size;Wyoming;","IN FILE","8","8","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2008","Suggested human responses to different puma behaviorsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Fitzhugh EL;Fjelline DP;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;behavior;California;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;public education;","IN FILE","8","8","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2009","The role of infectious disease in population control and regulation of western mountain lionsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Foley J;","1996  ","","3US;California;disease;epidemics;Puma concolor;population;predator control;","IN FILE","9","9","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2010","Standardizing photographs of puma tracks for digital processingAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Galentine SP;Fitzhugh EL;","1996  ","","3US;California;method;Puma concolor;photograph;track;","IN FILE","9","9","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2011","Testing of a rigorous technique for identifying individual mountain lions (Felis concolor) by their tracksAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Grigione MM;","1996  ","","3US;California;identification of individuals;method;monitoring;Puma concolor;photograph;track;","IN FILE","9","10","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2012","Mountain lion research in Texas: Past, present and futureAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Harveson LA;Tewes ME;Rutledge JC;","1996  ","","3US;California;ecology;Puma concolor;research;research priorities;Texas;","IN FILE","10","10","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2013","Cougar-human interactions in British ColumbiaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Herbert DM;Lay D;","1996  ","","3CA;attack on human;British Columbia;California;human-predator conflict;management;Puma concolor;prey selection;","IN FILE","10","10","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2014","California statewide estimates and trend analysis: lessons from the diablo rangeAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Hopkins RA;","1996  ","","3US;California;history;Puma concolor;population size;","IN FILE","10","11","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2015","Cougar responses to human activity at sheep river, AlbertaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Jalkotzy MG;Ross PI;","1996  ","","3CA;activity;Alberta;California;Puma concolor;home range;human activity;human impact;human-predator conflict;movement pattern;telemetry;","IN FILE","11","11","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2016","Winter food habits of cougars in southwestern AlbertaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Jalkotzy MG;Ross PI;Schmidt RW;","1996  ","","3CA;Alberta;California;Puma concolor;diet;feeding behavior;predation rate;predator-prey;prey selection;winter;","IN FILE","11","12","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2017","Preliminary evaluation of Florida panther genetic restoration and managementAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Johnson KG;Logan TH;Land ED;Lotz MA;Dunbar MR;McBride R;Jansen DK;Bass OL jr.;","1996  ","","3US;California;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;management;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;reintroduction;","IN FILE","12","12","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2018","Daily and hourly summer activity levels of free roaming mountain lionsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Laundre JW;Lopez Gonzalez CA;Altendorf KB;","1996  ","abstract","3US;activity;California;Idaho;Puma concolor;movement pattern;telemetry;Utah;","IN FILE","12","12","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2019","Spatial-temporal analysis of mountain lions in the Sierra Nevada: Looking for patterns and 'Bulls-Eyes' amid the messAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Loft ER;","1996  ","","3US;California;home range;Puma concolor;Odocoileus hemionus;predator-prey;telemetry;seasonality;Sierra Nevada;spatial organization;","IN FILE","13","13","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2020","Effects of cougar (Felis concolor) predation on desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in the San Andres Mountains, New MexicoAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Logan KA;Sweanor LL;Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;desert;New Mexico;Ovis canadensis;Ovis canadensis mexicana;predation;predator-prey;","IN FILE","13","13","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2021","Survival and mortality of cougars (Felis concolor) in the San Andres mountains, New MexicoAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Logan KA;Sweanor LL;Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;mortality;New Mexico;population dynamics;telemetry;sex ratio;survival rate;","IN FILE","13","14","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2022","Contribution to the natural history of pumas in a tropical dry forestAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Lopez Gonzalez CA;Meyer EM;Laundre JW;Miller B;Gonzalez-Romero A;","1996  ","","2MX;3US;activity;California;camera trap;diet;forest;history;Puma concolor;natural history;faecal analysis;tropical dry forest;","IN FILE","14","14","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2023","Contribution to the identification of 'Puma concolor concolor'AbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Mazzolli M;Bartlet-Ryan C;","1996  ","","2BR;California;Puma concolor;Puma concolor concolor;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","14","14","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2024","Effects and patterns of mountain lion predation of livestock on small and medium sized properties in Santa Catarina, Brazil (Abstract)Fifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Mazzolli M;Bartlet-Ryan C;Graipel ME;","1996  ","","2BR;California;livestock;livestock damage;Puma concolor;predation;predator-human conflict;Santa Catarina;","IN FILE","15","15","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2025","Mountain lion managment in MontanaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","McCarthy JJ;","1996  ","","3US;California;human-predator conflict;management;Montana;Puma concolor;public attitude;public education;","IN FILE","15","15","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2026","Assessing subspecific status: A holistic approach to evaluating the Yuma pumaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","McIvor DE;Bissonette JA;","1996  ","","3US;California;Colorado;Puma concolor;status;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","15","15","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2027","Ecological relationships between bears and predation by cougars on ungulatesAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Murphy KM;Felzien GS;Hornocker MG;Ruth TK;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;interspecific interaction;predation;predator-prey;ungulate;Ursus americanus;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","16","16","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2028","Female mountain lion (Felis concolor) home ranges in the southern Santa Ana mountains, CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Padley WD;","1996  ","","3US;California;female;home range;monitoring;Puma concolor;telemetry;seasonality;","IN FILE","16","16","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2029","Mountain lion (Felis concolor) vocalizations in the Santa Ana Mountains, CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Padley WD;","1996  ","","3US;behavior;California;Puma concolor;vocalisation;","IN FILE","16","17","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2030","Social encounters among mountain lions (Felis concolor) in the Santa Ana Mountains, CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Padley WD;","1996  ","","3US;behavior;California;Puma concolor;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","17","17","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2031","Cougar CrisisAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Paproski MT;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;California;Puma concolor;human-predator conflict;public attitude;public education;","IN FILE","17","18","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2032","Movements and diets of mountain lions in southwestern ArizonaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Peirce MF;Cashman JL;","1996  ","","3US;Arizona;California;diet;Puma concolor;movement pattern;prey selection;tracking;","IN FILE","18","18","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2033","Implications of mountain lion movements for population regulation and conservation (Abstract)Fifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Pierce BM;","1996  ","","3US;California;conservation;cougar;mountain lion;movement;movement pattern;population;predator control;Puma concolor;regulation;Sierra Nevada;tracking;workshop;","IN FILE","19","19","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2034","Feeding habits of mountain lions investigated using remote photography at cached prey sites (Abstract)Fifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Pierce BM;Bleich VC;Chetkievicz CLB;Wehausen JD;","1996  ","","3US;activity;California;camera trap;cougar;diet;feeding;hunting behavior;mountain lion;prey;puma;Puma concolor;remote;workshop;","IN FILE","19","19","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2035","Ecology of the mountain lion on big bend ranch state park in Trans-Pecos TexasAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Pittman MT;McKinney BP;Guzman GJ;","1996  ","","3US;activity;California;camera trap;diet;ecology;hunting behavior;Puma concolor;Texas;","IN FILE","19","19","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2036","Mountain lion - human and mountain lion - livestock incidents in MontanaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Riley SJ;Aune KE;","1996  ","","3US;California;human-predator conflict;livestock;livestock damage;Montana;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","20","20","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2037","Developing an adaptive management program for mountain lions (Felis concolor) in MontanaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Riley SJ;Malecki RA;","1996  ","","3US;California;conservation strategy;human-predator conflict;management;Montana;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","20","20","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2038","The quota system of cougar harvest management in Alberta","Ross PI;Jalkotzy MG;Gunson JR;","1996  ","","3CA;Alberta;California;Puma concolor;harvest;hunting (by human);hunting management;management;","IN FILE","21","21","","","","","","AbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2039","Mountain lion predation on bighorn sheep in the Peninsular ranges of CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Rubin ES;Boyce WM;Hayes C;Torres SG;Jorgensen M;","1996  ","","3US;California;mortality;Puma concolor;Ovis canadensis;predation;telemetry;","IN FILE","21","21","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2040","The status of mountain lions in TexasAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Russ WB;","1996  ","","3US;California;mortality;Puma concolor;record;sighting;status;Texas;","IN FILE","21","22","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2041","Mountain lion incident policy and procedureAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Ruth DW;Holt DV jr.;","1996  ","","3CA;California;management;maneater;Puma concolor;politics;public attitude;","IN FILE","22","22","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2042","Interactions between cougars and wolves (and a bear or two) in the north fork of the Flathead River, MontanaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Ruth TK;Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","3US;California;Canis lupus;Puma concolor;interspecific interaction;intraguild predation;Montana;Ursidae;","IN FILE","22","22","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2043","Orientation, movements, and survival of translocated cougars in New MexicoAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Ruth TK;Logan KA;Sweanor LL;Hornocker MG;Temple LJ;","1996  ","","3US;behavior;California;Puma concolor;management tool;movement pattern;New Mexico;orientation;survival rate;translocation;","IN FILE","23","23","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2044","Photographic recording of mountain lion tracksAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Smallwood KS;Grigione MM;","1996  ","","3US;California;identification of individuals;method;Puma concolor;photograph;track;track survey;","IN FILE","23","23","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2045","Ten years of California mountain lion track surveyAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Smallwood KS;Wilcox B;","1996  ","","3US;California;method;monitoring;Puma concolor;population trend;Sierra Nevada;survey;track;track survey;","IN FILE","23","24","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2046","Study and interpretive design effects on mountain lion density estimatesAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Smallwood KS;Wilcox B;","1996  ","","3US;California;density;method;monitoring;Puma concolor;population trend;","IN FILE","24","24","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2047","The fort Huachuca/Canelo Hills track count: A model for volunteer-based mountain lion monitoringAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Stone HS;Coblentz D;Morse S;Hansen K;Shaw HG;","1996  ","","3US;Arizona;California;corridor;method;monitoring;Puma concolor;movement pattern;public education;community involvement;track;track survey;","IN FILE","24","25","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2048","Dispersal of cougars (Felis concolor) in metapopulation dynamicsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Sweanor LL;Logan KA;Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","3US;California;Puma concolor;dispersal;metapopulation;New Mexico;population dynamics;","IN FILE","25","25","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2049","Reproductive biology of female cougars (Felis concolor) in the San Andres Mountains, New MexicoAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Sweanor LL;Logan KA;Hornocker MG;","1996  ","","3US;biology;California;Puma concolor;female;litter size;New Mexico;population dynamics;reproduction;","IN FILE","25","26","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2050","Mountain lion depredation and human activity in California: Testing speculationsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Torres SG;Mansfield TM;Foley J;","1996  ","","3US;activity;attack on human;California;human activity;human-predator conflict;livestock damage;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","26","26","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2051","History of human interactions with mountain lions in and around Cuyamaca Rancho State ParkAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Turner R;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;California;history;human-predator conflict;livestock damage;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","26","26","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2052","Public reports of mountain lions incidents in CaliforniaAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Updike D;","1996  ","","3US;attack on human;California;human-predator conflict;Puma concolor;public education;sighting;","IN FILE","27","27","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2053","Mountain lion impacts on bighorn sheep populationsAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Wehausen JD;","1996  ","","3US;California;mortality;Puma concolor;Ovis canadensis;population;predation;predator-prey;telemetry;","IN FILE","27","27","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2054","Social preferences for mountain lion management along Colorado's front rangeAbstractsFifth Mountain Lion Workshop27.02.-01.03., 1996 Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California","Zinn HC;Manfredo MJ;Jones J;Sikorowski L;","1996  ","","3US;acceptance of predators;California;Colorado;management;Puma concolor;public attitude;public education;","IN FILE","27","28","","","","","","","","","","California Department of Fish and Game / Southern California Chapter of the Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CDFG_1996_Fifth_Mountain_Lion_Workshop.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2055","The lion and the lamb - what happens when a protected predator eats an endangered species","Rauber P;","2002  ","","3CA;endangered species;Ovis canadensis;predator;Puma concolor;Sierra Nevada;","IN FILE","","","Sierra magazine","","","","","","","","Bishop, Canada","Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Foundation / Mountain Lion Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rauber_2002_The_lion_and_the_lamb.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2056","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Summary and recommendations","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. The recommendations made by workshop participants call for: 1) immediate initiation of a captive breeding program as called for in the approved recovery plan of 1987 2) continuation and expansion of management and monitoring of the wild population 3) continuation and expansion of the reintroduction program and 4) continuation and expansion of the habitat conservation program.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_viability_analysis_and_survival_plan-_summary.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2057","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Introduction","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","15","32","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains an introduction to Population Viability Analysis and relevant information on the biology, population status, and demography of the Florida panther.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_viability_analysis_and_survival_plan_-_introduction.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2058","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Interactive management of small wild and captive populations","Foose TJ;","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;captive population;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;genetic diversity;habitat;habitat conservation;management;metapopulation;migration;Minimum viable population;monitoring;population genetics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","35","42","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains information on interactive management of small wild and captive populations. Minimum viable populations, metapopulation dynamics, minimum areas, and migration are discussed.","","","","","","","","Foose_1989_Management_of_small_wild_and_captive_populations.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2059","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Population viability analysis","Lacy RC;","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;genetic diversity;genetic drift;habitat;habitat conservation;management;Minimum viable population;monitoring;population;population genetics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","42","50","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document provides a general introduction to Population Viability Analysis.","","","","","","","","Lacy_1989_Population_viability_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2060","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Demographic processes in small and fragmented populations","Ballou JD;","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;genetic diversity;habitat;habitat conservation;management;modeling;monitoring;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","50","58","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains a description of demographic processes in small and fragmented populations and an introduction to Persistence Time Models.","","","","","","","","Ballou_1989_Small_population_demographics.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2061","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Florida Panther PVA","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;modeling;monitoring;mortality;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;reproduction;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;VORTEX;","IN FILE","61","73","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains population goals for demographic and genetic recovery in the wild and goals for maintenance of a viable captive population. Current population size, carrying capacity, reproduction, mortality, effective population size, genetic variation, and the demography of captive panthers are described.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_PVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2062","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Population Viability Results","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;VORTEX;","IN FILE","75","104","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a population viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains the results of the PVA, including life table determinations of population growth rates, stochastic simulations of population extinction, minimum population size, results of VORTEX simulations, and comparison of various carrying capacities. The impact of habitat loss and environmental stochasticity on panther populations is analysed. Furthermore, the effects of the removal of animals from the wild population for a captive breeding program are evaluated.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_PVA_results.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2063","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Discussion","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;VORTEX;","IN FILE","105","115","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains the discussion of PVA results and sample input and output sessions with VORTEX computer simulations in the appendix.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_viability_analysis_Discussion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2064","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Animal by Animal Rationale for Selection","Seal US;","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;captive population;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;genetic diversity;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","117","129","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains an animal by animal rationale for selection into the captive breeding program. The translocation of a reproductive male into the Everglades population is discussed.","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Captive_management_of_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2065","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Florida Panther Health Protocol","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;veterinary;","IN FILE","133","138","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains a health protocol for captured Florida panthers, quarantine regulations, and guidelines on long-term health mainenance of captive animals.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_Panther_health_protocol.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2066","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Management Protocol","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;captive population;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","139","142","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains a management protocol for captive Florida panthers.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Management_protocol_for_captive_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2067","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Infectious disease","","1989 Dec 15 ","whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;epidemics;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;habitat;habitat conservation;helminth;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;veterinary;","IN FILE","143","144","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains a report on the influence of infectious diseases and heavy metal pollution on wild Florida panther populations.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Infectious_disease_in_captive_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2068","Florida Panther viability analysis and survival plan- Wild Population Studbook Data and Analysis","","1989 Dec 15 ","Draft, whole report includes RefIDs:2056-2068","3US;action plan;captive breeding;CBSG;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;demography;disease;Everglades;extinction;Florida;Florida panther;genetic diversity;habitat;habitat conservation;management;monitoring;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;recovery;reintrocution;small populations;Species Survival Plan;status;Studbook;survival;threats;translocation;","IN FILE","145","178","","","","","","Florida Panther (Felis concolor coryi) - Viability analysis & survival planCBSG: Viability analysis and species survival plan workshop31.Oct - 2.Nov 1989 at Ganesville, Florida","Seal US;Lacy RC;","","","Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC IUCN","English","","","","","","","This report is based upon a viability analysis and species survival plan workshop held by the IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Specialist Group from 31 October to 2 November 1989 at Gainesville, Florida. The objective of this plan is to prevent the certain extinction of the Florida panther and to provide for its recovery in the wild through the establishment of 130 breeding animals in a combination of wild and captive populations by the year 2000 and increasing to 500 breeding age panthers by 2010. This section of the document contains the draft of a wild panther population studbook.","","","","","","","","Seal_et_al_1989_Florida_panther_studbook_Draft.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2069","Final - Supplemental Enviornmental Assessment: A proposal to establish a captive breeding population of Florida Panthers","Jordan DB;","1991 Nov ","","3US;breeding;captive breeding;conservation;conservation strategy;Florida;genetics;management;method;population;pre-release training;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1","130","","","","","","","","","Gainesville, Florida","U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jordan_1991_Florida_panther_captive_breeding.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2070","Final preliminary analysis of some potential Florida panther population reestablishment sites","Pulliam JW;Brantly RM;Baker RM;Gardner T;","1993  ","","3US;Florida;habitat analysis;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pulliam_et_al_1993_Potential_Florida_panther_population_reestablishment_sites.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2071","Title page, contents list, abstract, references","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","includes RefIDs 2072 to 2083","1KE;Appendix;CITES;harvest;hunting;Panthera pardus;simulation;status;survey;trade;","IN FILE","1","97+","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Cover_Contents_References.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2072","Status and Distribution of Leopard","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;CITES;computer model;distribution;ecological requirement;habitat;Panthera pardus;population density;population size;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","1","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Status_and_distribution_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2073","Past and current exploitation of leopard","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;CITES;fur trade;mortality;Panthera pardus;status;survey;threat;trade;","ON REQUEST (09/18/01)","19","36","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","2","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Exploitation_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2074","Management of the leopard","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;CITES;conservation strategy;management;Panthera pardus;politics;status;survey;threat;","IN FILE","37","51","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","3","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Management_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2075","Recommendations to CITES","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;conservation strategy;management;Panthera pardus;politics;status;survey;trade control;","IN FILE","52","62","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","4","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Recommendations_to_CITES.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2076","Comparative analyses of semen and endocrine characteristics of free-living versus captive jaguars (Panthera onca)","Morato RG;Conforti VA;Azevedo FC;Jacorno TA;Silveira L;Sana D;Nunes ALV;Guimaraes MABV;Carnabe RC;","2001  ","","captivity;characteristic;free-ranging;Panthera onca;reproduction;semen analysis;","IN FILE","745","751","Reproduction","","","","122","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Morato_et_al_2001_Reproductive_characteristics_of_jaguars.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2077","Appendix 1: A population model for leopard","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;computer model;model;Panthera pardus;population;population dynamics;status;survey;","IN FILE","63","74","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Leopard_population_model.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2078","Appendix 2: Relationship between leopard densities and rainfall","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;climate;density;habitat;habitat analysis;Panthera pardus;population density;rainfall;status;survey;","IN FILE","75","84","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Leopard_densities_and_rainfall.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2079","Appendix 3: Major vegetation types and mosaics of the vegetation map of Africa","White F;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;climate;habitat;habitat analysis;Panthera pardus;status;survey;vegetation;","IN FILE","85","88","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","White_1988_Vegetation_types_of_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2080","Appendix 4: Estimates of leopard numbers in individual countries","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;Panthera pardus;population size;status;survey;","IN FILE","89","91+","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Leopard_estimates_for_individual_countries.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2081","Appendix 5: Consistency with FAO data","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1Afr;Appendix;CITES;Panthera pardus;population size;statistic;status;survey;","IN FILE","92","93","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Consistency_with_FAO_data.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2082","Appendix 6: Kenya leopard population - comparison with Hamilton (1981)","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1KE;Appendix;CITES;Panthera pardus;population;population size;statistic;status;survey;","IN FILE","94","95","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Kenya_leopard_population.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2083","Appendix 7: Simulation of past leopard harvests","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1988  ","","1KE;Appendix;CITES;harvest;hunting;Panthera pardus;simulation;status;survey;trade;","IN FILE","96","97+","","","","","","Survey of the Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) In Sub-Saharan Africa","","","Lausanne, Switzerland","Secretary of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1988_Simulation_of_past_leopard_harvests.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2084","The Status of the Leopard, Panthera pardus, in Nature: A country by country analysis","Shoemaker AH;","1997  ","Pub Date unsure","1Afr;4Asia;7RU;legislation;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","Columbia, South Carolina","Riverbank Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1997_Status_of_the_Leopard_in_Nature.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2085","Export of leopard hunting trophies and skins - Report of the Secretariat","","1994  ","","CITES;Panthera pardus;politics;trade;trade control;skin;report;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","CITES: Ninth meeding of the conference ot the parties, Fort Lauderdale (United States of America), 7 to 18 November 1994","","","","Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CITES_1994_Export_of_leopard_huting_trophies_ and_skins.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2086","Common leopard (Panthera pardus) - our endangered heritage needs special conservation","Maan MA;Chaudhry AA;","2000  Oct-Dec","","4IN;conservation;diet;feeding behavior;foraging behavior;migration;Panthera pardus;prey availability;threat;","IN FILE","14","17","Tiger Paper","","","","27","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maan_&_Chaudhry_2000_Common_leopard_needs_special_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2087","Ökologie und Nutzungspotentiale von Leoparden (Panthera pardus) in der Waterberg-Region, Namibia- Ecology and using potential of leopards in the Waterberg region, Namibia","Zeiss B;","1998  ","","1NA;cage trap;conservation strategy;copyright;ecology;economy;human dimension;hunting behavior;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;predator-human conflict;telemetry;trap;","IN FILE","1","56","","","","","","","","","Eschborn","Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","German","","","","","Ökologische Ökonomie","","","","","","","","","","Zeiss_1998_Oekologie_und_Nutzungspotentiale_von_Leoparden_in_der_Waterberg-Region_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2088","Prey use by four syntopic carnivores in a strandveld ecosystem","Avenant NL;Nel JAJ;","1997  ","","1ZA;Atilax paludinosus;Caracal caracal;Cynictis penicillata;diet;Galerella pulverulenta;niche overlap;prey;prey selection;Viverridae;","IN FILE","86","93","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","27","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The diet of four syntopic carnivore species (caracal Felis caracal, water mongoose Atilax paludinosus, small grey mongoose Galerella pulverulenta, and yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata) over a 12-month period in a coastal shrub ecosystem was examined using scat analysis. Use of prey by all four species fluctuated synchronously and tracked corresponding fluctuations in prey availability. This, as well as the use of relatively small food items (e.g. beetles, scorpions and spiders), indicate an absence of dietary specialization and an opportunistic feeding behaviour in the carnivores studied. Food niche breadth in all four species changed seasonally, being widest during spring and contracting gradually towards winter. A considerable degree of food niche overlap existed between species. Rodents (mainly Rhabdomys pumilio and Otomys unisulcatus) were the main prey items of all four carnivore species and were used heavily throughout the year, despite marked declines in numbers towards winter.","","","","","","","","Avenant_&_Nel_1997_Prey_use_by_four_syntopic_carnivores_in_a_strandveld_ecosystem.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","2089","Leopard conservation in the Cape Province","","1987  ","Pub Date unsure","1ZA;Cape Province;conservation;diet;distribution;livestock damage prevention;livestock damage;management;Panthera pardus;problem animal;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Cape Province South Africa","Chief Directorate Nature and Environmental Conservation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Leopard_conservation_in_the_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2090","Some comments upon leopard (Panthera pardus) in northern Iran","Gutleb B;","","","5IR;distribution;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gutleb_-_Leopard_in_northern_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2091","Leopards (Panthera pardus) in Iran","Joslin P;","1988  ","","5IR;diet;Panthera pardus;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","13","15","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1988_Leopards_in_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2092","Leopards (Panthera pardus) in Thailand","Saengsakul P;","1989  ","","4TH;distribution;Panthera pardus;status;Studbook;threat;","IN FILE","4","5","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saengsakul_1989_Leopards_in_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2093","Present day distribution and population of leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Soviet Far East","Pikunov DG;Korkishko VG;","1988  ","","7RU;conservation;distribution;Panthera pardus;population;population size;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","5","12","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_&_Korkishko_1988_Present_day_distribution_and_population_of_leopards_in_the_Soviet_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2094","Status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in Java, Indonesia","Santiapillai C;","1991  ","","4ID;conservation;diet;distribution;Java;Panthera pardus;population size;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_1991_Status_of_the_leopard_in_Java.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2095","On the status and conservation of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in Sri Lanka","Santiapillai C;","1986  ","","4LK;conservation;distribution;Panthera pardus;population size;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","3","9","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_1986_Status_and_conservation_of_the_leopard_in_Sri_Lanka.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2096","A short review on the status of the leopard, Panthera pardus ciscaucascia (saxicolor), in the southwest USSR","Bragin AP;","1989  ","","7SU;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus saxicolor;status;Studbook;threat;","IN FILE","11","13","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bragin_1989_Status_of_the_leopard_in_the_southwest_USSR.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2097","Short review of the status of the Arabian leopard, Panthera pardus nimr, in the Arabian Paninsula","Biquand S;","1989  ","","5SA;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;population size;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","8","10","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Biquand_1989_Status_of_the_Arabian_leopard_in_the_Arabian_Paninsula.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2098","The Leopard (Panthera pardus) in South Africa","Bothma JdP;","1989  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;conservation;distribution;habitat;harvest;human-carnivore conflict;hunting;leopard;livestock;Panthera pardus;protected area;status;Studbook;threats;","IN FILE","5","7","","","","","","International Leopard Studbook","Shoemaker AH;","","Columbia,USA","Riverbanks Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","This document contains a short overview of the status and distribution of the leopard in South Africa. Population numbers and the leopard's habitat requirements and spatial distribution are described. The major threats to the species are identified: Lack of large enough protected areas and conflicts with livestock owners. The possibility of allowing limited sustained harvest of the leopard population is discussed as a means of reducing human-leopard conflicts. Establishment of a special protected area for the conservation of leopards is considered for the Cape Province.","","","","","","","","Bothma_1989_Leopard_in_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2099","Leopard (Panthera pardus ciscaucasia) in Armenia: basic trends, dangers and hopes","Khorozyan I;","1998  ","","7RU;conservation;ecotourism;endangered species;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus saxicolor;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","1","10","","Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol ","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khorozyan_1998_Leopard_in_Armenia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2100","Range size of southern Kalahari leopards","Bothma JdP;Knight MH;le Riche EAN;van Hensbergen HJ;","1997  ","","1ZA;home range;Kalahari;Kernel analysis;Panthera pardus;telemetry;","IN FILE","94","99","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","27","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Based upon radio-tracking, and using kernel analysis techniques, the mean range size of three adult male leopards Panthera pardus was 2182.37 ± 491.628 km2, that of five adult females 488.70 ± 292.893 km2, and that of a single subadult male 1323.80 km2. These ranges are considerably larger than for leopards elsewhere, and may reflect the aridity and prey-poor nature of the southern Kalahari. The subadult male dispersed over a linear distance of 112.6 km from its presumably natal area to where it established a new range.","","","","","","","","Bothma_et_al_1997_Range_size_of_southern_Kalahari_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2101","Home range and movements of leopards (Panthera pardus) on a livestock ranch in Kenya","Mizutani F;Jewell PA;","1998  ","","1KE;grid cell;harmonic mean;home range;livestock;livestock damage;method;minimum convex polygon;Panthera pardus;social system;spatial organization;","IN FILE","269","286","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","244","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mizutani_&_Jewell_1998_Home_range_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2102","Lions hunting a leopard","Khacher L;","1997  ","","4IN;Gir lion;hunting behavior;intraguild predation;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","389","389","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","94","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khacher_1997_Lions_hunting_a_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2103","Spatial organization of leopards Panthera pardus in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast: is rainforest habitat a 'tropical haven'","Jenny D;","1996  ","","1CI;density;habitat;home range;Panthera pardus;telemetry;spatial organization;Tai National Park;","IN FILE","427","440","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","240","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jenny_1996_Spatial_organization_of_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2104","Food habits of leopard (Panthera pardus) on Mundanthurai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India","Sathyakumar S;","1992  ","","4IN;diet;feeding behavior;Panthera pardus;predation;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","8","9","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sathyakumar_1992_Food_habits_of_leopard_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2105","Status of the Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Java, Indonesia","Santiapillai C;Ramono WS;","1992  ","","4ID;Java;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","1","5","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_&_Ramono_1992_Status_of_the_Leopard_in_Java.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2106","On mutant leopards Panthera pardus from India","Divyabhanusinh;","1993  ","","4IN;albinism;coloration;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","88","89","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","90","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1993_On_mutant_leopards_from_India.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2107","Some uses of leopards","","","","4CN;Panthera pardus;Traditional Chinese Medicine;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Some_uses_of_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2108","Bodies dissected by moonlight - Strange Rites of Nigerian Tribe","","1946 Jun 26 ","","1NG;culture;Panthera pardus;religion;tribe;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1946_Strange_rites_of_Nigerian_Tribe.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2109","Leopards impose curfew","Bhandari R;","1993 Feb 20 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera pardus;predator-human conflict;problem animal;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhandari_1993_Leopards_impose_curfew.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2110","The man eating leopardess of Kandagaon-Dost-Almora, U.P - India","Pandey KC;","1994 Jul ","","4IN;attack on human;cage trap;capture;live bait;maneater;Panthera pardus;trap;","IN FILE","7","9","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pandey_1994_Man_eating_leopardess_of_Kandagaon-Dost.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2111","Jaguar, Puma, and local people in three protected areas, Atlantic costal forest, Parana State, Brazil","Leite MRP;Galvao F;","2002  ","","2BR;Area de especial interesse turistico do Marumbi;Area de protecao Ambiental de Guaraquecaba;Atlantic forest;community involvement;diet;Panthera onca;Parque Nacional do Superagui;predator-human conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Jaguars in the new millenium. A status assessment, priority detection, and recommendations for the conservation of jaguars in the Americas","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","","Mexico","Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico / Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leite_&_Galvao_2002_Predators_and_people_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2112","Needed: A few good leopardspresented: AAZPA Southern Regional Conference, 10.April, 1990","Shoemaker AH;","1990  ","","captive breeding;conservation;distribution;management;Panthera pardus;reintroduction;release;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1990 Apr 10 ","","","","","Shoemaker_1990_A_few_good_leopards_needed.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2113","The Ceylon leopard, a distinct subspecies","Deraniyagala PEP;","1956  ","","4IN;Ceylon;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;Panthera pardus kotiya;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","115","116","Spolia Zoyhnia","","","","28","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deraniyagala_1956_Subspecies_Ceylon_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2114","Leopards shot 'in horrifying numbers' in SA - conservationist's dream comes true","Le Grange C;","1983 Dec 8 ","","1ZA;conservation;Panthera pardus;poaching;status;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","Star","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Le_Grange_1983_Leopards_shot_in_horrifying_numbers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2115","Leopard in the Transvaal are far from endangered","Walker C;","1984 Jan 4 ","","1ZA;endangered species;Panthera pardus;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","","","Star","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1984_Leopard_in_the_Transvaal_are_far_from_endangered.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2116","Radio-tracking leopards in the Serengeti","Bertram BCR;","1974  ","","1TZ;behavior;climbing;hunting behavior;life history;Panthera pardus;telemetry;Serengeti;","IN FILE","7","10","AWLF News","","","","9","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bertram_1974_Radio-tracking_leopards_in_the_Serengeti.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2117","Preliminary report 1. The distribution and conservation of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Cape Province","Stuart CT;Heinecken TJ;","1977  ","","1ZA;anti-poaching;Cape Province;conservation;distribution;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;poaching;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Heinecken_1977_Distribution_and_conservation_of_the_leopard_in_the_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2118","Leopard hunting in the Cape Province","Stuart CT;Heinecken TJ;","1977  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;hunting (by human);mortality;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Heinecken_1977_Leopard_hunting_in_the_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2119","Leopard in southern Africa reclassified to 'Threatened' species","Durham M;","1982 Jan 29 ","","1Afr;CITES;endangered species;Panthera pardus;politics;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","Department of the Interior - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durham_1982_Leopard_in_southern_Africa_reclassified_to_threatened_species.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2120","Conservation plan for Cape mountain leopard population","Norton PM;","1986 Feb 14 ","draft","1ZA;action plan;Africa;Cape Province;CCT;cct_ap;conflict;conservation;distribution;human-predator conflict;leopard;mountains;Panthera pardus;population;South Africa;status;strategy;subspecies;threat;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","IUCN Cat Specialist group","English","","","","","","","Leopards in the South African Cape mountains suffer from habitat fragmentation and shooting by livestock owners. This is the crude draft of a strategy for the conservation of the Cape mountains leopard population. It identifies key objectives for leopard conservation, problems in achieving these objectives, and actions designed to counter these problems. Its purpose is to ensure the long-term future of at least some of the leopard populations in the Cape Folded Belt mountains and to reduce human-predator conflicts.","","","","","","","","Norton_1986_Conservation_plan_for_Cape_mountain_leopard_population.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2121","The proposed leopard (Panthera pardus) sanctuary (Safe-Zone) in the southern Cape","Stuart CT;Heinecken TJ;","1978  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;compensation program;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Heinecken_1978_Proposed_leopard_sanctuary_in_the_southern_Cape.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2122","The attitude of the local community","Stuart CT;Heinecken TJ;","1978  ","Pub Date unsure","1ZA;Cape Province;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;public attitude;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Heinecken_1978_Attitude_of_the_local_community.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2123","A new subspecies of jungle cat from south India","Deraniyagala PEP;","1955  ","","4IN;Felis chaus;Felis chaus kelaarti;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","291","291","Spolia Zoyhnia","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deraniyagala_1955_Subspecies_of_jungle_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2124","Leopard in the lower Orange River Basin - a survey of their conservation status","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","1988  ","","1NA;1ZA;conservation;habitat;Panthera pardus;population size;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","African Carnivore Survey / Wildlife Society of Southern Africa","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_1988_Leopard_in_the_lower_Orange_River_Basin.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2125","The leopard and the porcupine","Thomas I;","1111  ","","1Afr;hunting behavior;Panthera pardus;porcupine;prey;","IN FILE","122","122","African Wildlife","","","","39","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thomas_-_Leopard_and_porcupine.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2126","Will they still be in the Western Cape mountains in the year 2000?Public lecture delivered for the Western Cape Branch of the Willdife Society on 29. April 1987","Stuart CT;","1987  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;conservation;future;Panthera pardus;population trend;status;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1987 Apr 29 ","","","","","Stuart_1987_Will_they_still_be_in_the_Western_Cape_mountains_in_the_year_2000.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2127","Israel's desert leopards fight extinction","Cohen T;","2000 Jul 25 ","","8IL;conservation;desert;extinction;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","","","Reuters","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cohen_2000_Israels_desert_leopards_fight_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2128","Ancient leopard trap","","1990  ","","8IL;history;Panthera pardus;trap;trapping;","IN FILE","92","92","Israel Land & Nature","","","","16","","","2","Jerusalem","The Jerusalem Post","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Anicent_leopard_trap.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2129","A new subspecies of rusty spottet cat from Ceylon","Deraniyagala PEP;","1956  ","","4IN;Ceylon;Prionailurus rubiginosa;Prionailurus rubiginosa koladivius;Prionailurus rubiginosa phillipsi;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","113","114","Spolia Zoyhnia","","","","28","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deraniyagala_1956_Subspecies_of_rusty_spotted_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2130","The spotted ambassadors of a vanishing world","Ilani G;","1990  ","","8IL;conservation;home range;leopard;Negev Mountains;Panthera pardus;population size;","IN FILE","16","24","Israel AL","","","","31","","","","Tel Aviv","Fraser Communications Ltd.","English","","","","","","","Until the turn of this century, leopards inhabited all the hilly and desert areas of this country. The leopards of the Carmel and the western Judean Hills disappeared in the twenties. In the Galilee, with its rocky crags and deep valleys, large leopards prowled until the sixties, until they too were hunted and poisoned to extinction. Deep in the Judean Desert and Negev Hills, places where man and his predilection for destroying animals were less in evidence, a small leopard population found refuge and survived among the steep cliffs where they fed on hyrax, ibex and porcupines.","","","","","","","","Ilani_1990_Spotted_ambassadors_of_a_vanishing_world.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2131","The Leopards of the Judean Desert","Ilani G;","","","8IL;behavior;desert;diet;faecal analysis;Judean Desert;leopard;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","59","71","Israel Land & Nature","","","","6","","","2","Jerusalem","The Jerusalem Post","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ilani_-_Leopards_of_the_Judean_Desert.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2132","Leopards in the Judean Desert: Fighting for survival (Part 1)","Ilani G;","","","8IL;desert;endangered species;Judean Desert;leopard;Panthera pardus;status;threat;","IN FILE","76","82","Israel Land & Nature","","","","17","","","2","Jerusalem","The Jerusalem Post","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ilani_-_Leopards_in_the_Judean_Desert_fighting_for_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2133","Meanwhile in the Judean Desert ...","Ilani G;","","","8IL;desert;diet;hunting behavior;Judean Desert;leopard;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","248","251","Israel Land & Nature","","","","14","","","1","Jerusalem","The Jerusalem Post","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ilani_-_Meanwhile_in_the_Judean_Desert.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2134","The life and times of Humibaba the leopard","Ilani G;","1987  Winter 86/87","","8IL;behavior;Judean Desert;leopard;life history;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","82","83","Israel Land & Nature","","","","12","","","1","Jerusalem","The Jerusalem Post","English","","","","","","","For quite a few years now, we have kept track of leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Judean Desert, with extremely interesting results, and we have become very familiar with certain individual leopards in the area between Enot Tzuqim (M-18) an En Gedi (L-21). One female, which we first identified in 1978, was named Humibaba. We have observed her ever since in her home range, between Enot Tzuqim and En Gedi. In June 1980, we were able to fit her with a telemetry transmitter, making it possible to conduct even more detailed observations.","","","","","","","","Ilani_1987_Life_and_times_of_Humibaba_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2135","Rare Sinai Leopard Photographed for First Time","Delvin JC;","1974 Nov 24 ","","8IL;Panthera pardus;sighting;Sinai;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Delvin_1974_Rare_Sinai_Leopard_photographed_for_first_time.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2136","For the Leopard's Lovers, Good News. For the Cheetah's, Bad.","Myers N;","1976 Jul 23 ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","A21","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Myers_1976_Leopard_and_Cheetah_status.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2137","The leopard ... to hunt or not to hunt?","Pateman B;","1983 Dec ","","1ZW;CITES;hunting (by human);management;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","25","26","ZW Wildlife","","","","34","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pateman_1983_Leopard_-_to_hunt_or_not_to_hunt.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2138","Using genetic tagging to estimate animal population parameters","Mowat G;Paetkau D;Proctor M;Strobeck C;","1999  ","","genetic analysis;genetic tagging;genetics;population dynamics;population size;","IN FILE","24","27","Cat News/IUCN SSC","","","","","","","31","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mowat_et_al_1999_Genetic_tagging_to_estimate_populations.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2139","Selection hivernale des proies par le loup et le lynx dans les montagnes de Bieszczandy (Pologne)","Badstuber D;","2002  ","","7PL;Bieszczandy;Canis lupus;Lynx lynx;prey selection;winter;winter diet;","IN FILE","1","44","","","","","","","","","Neuchâtel","Université de Neuchâtel, Insitut de Zoologie","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Badstuber_2002_Selection_hivernale_des_proies_par_le_loup_et_le_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2140","Leopard encounters in India (div. Newspaper articles)","","1987  1987 - 1990","and other Newspapers","4IN;human-predator conflict;maneater;Panthera pardus;record;sighting;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Leopard_encounters_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2141","Notes on Panthers","Fox EB;","1920  ","","4IN;behavior;hunting (by human);measurement;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","394","397","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_1920_Notes_on_Panthers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2142","Man-eaters of Garhwal shed their fear","McGirk T;","1991 May 14 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera pardus;predator-human conflict;trapping;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","13 (Foreign News)","","","","Independent","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McGirk_1991_Man-eaters_of_Garhwal_shed_their_fear.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2143","Tourist activity and behaviour of the leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer, 1794) in the Ruhuan National Park, Sri Lanka","Chambers MR;Santiapillai C;Ishwaran N;","1984  ","","4LK;activity;behavior;human-predator conflict;human activity;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;Ruhuna National Park;","IN FILE","42","48","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","81","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The activity of the leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) was carefully monitored in three areas of Block I of the Ruhuna National Park, Sri Lanka, from July 1979 to June 1980. In 67 hours of observations there were 16 sightings. Despite few records, the following conclusions were made: leopards had two activity peaks, early morning and late evening; leopards were seen more frequently in the drought months; leopards were not seen with the same frequency in the different areas; sightings were short, mostly 10 seconds or less, and most sightings caused obvious disturbance to the leopards. Tourist activity in the Park may account for these characteristics of leopard behaviour.","","","","","","","","Chambers_et_al_1984_Leopard_in_the_Ruhuan_National_Park_Sri_Lanka.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2144","The leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer 1794) in the Ruhuna National Park, Sri Lanka, and obersvations relevant to its conservation","Santiapillai C;Chambers MR;Ishwaran N;","1982  ","","4LK;conservation;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;population dynamics;population size;Ruhuna National Park;social behavior;status;threat;","IN FILE","5","14","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","23","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Santiapillai_et_al_1982_Conservation_of_leopard_in_Sri_Lanka.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2145","1983 Studbook for rare leopards, Panthera pardus ssp","Shoemaker AH;","1985  ","","Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus japonensis;Panthera pardus kotiya;Panthera pardus orientalis;Panthera pardus saxicolor;population trend;status;Studbook;subspecies;","IN FILE","169","196","Zoo Biology","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1985_Rare_Leopard_Studbook.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2146","Adrenal-pituitary-gonadal relationships and ejaculate characteristics in captive leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) isolated on the island of Sri Lanka","Brown JL;Wildt DE;Phillips LG;Seidensticker J;Fernando SBU;Miththapala S;Goodrowe KL;","1989  ","","4LK;characteristic;cortisol;island;isolation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus kotiya;reproduction;semen analysis;spermatozoa;testosterone;","IN FILE","605","613","Journal of Reproduction and Fertility","","","","85","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In Study 1, semen was collected using a standardized electroejaculation procedure. Males (N = 8) produced ejaculates with a high incidence of sperm abnormalities (77 ± 3.3 %). After electroejaculation under anaesthesia, serum cortisol concentrations increased (P < 0.05), while testosterone concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) and LH and FSH concentrations were unchanged (P > 0.05) over a 2-h bleeding period. In Study 2, male and female leopards were bled at 5-min intervals for 3 h and given (i.v.): (1) saline (N = 2/sex); (2) GnRH (1 ìg/kg body weight) 30 min after the onset of sampling (N = 5/sex): or (3) ACTH (250 ìg) at 30 min followed by GnRH 1 h later (N = 5/sex). Basal concentrations of serum LH. FSH and cortisol were comparable (P > 0.05) between male and female leopards. After GnRH, peak LH concentrations were 2-fold greater (P < 0.05) in males than females while FSH responses were similar. In males, testosterone concentrations increased 2~3-fold following GnRH. After ACTH, serum cortisol concentrations doubled within 15 min in both sexes. Administration of ACTH 1 h before GnRH did not affect GnRH-induced LH or FSH release (P > 0.05); however, testosterone secretion was only 30 % of that observed after GnRH alone (P < 0.05). We conclude that (1) the high incidence of sperm abnormalities in the leopards of Sri Lanka may be related to parallel findings of genetic homozygosity; and (2) decreases in basal and GnRH-stimulated testosterone secretion were related to increases in serum cortisol after electroejaculation or ACTH and were not associated with changes in pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.","","","","","","","","Brown_et_al_1989_Ejaculate-endocrine_traits_in_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2147","Genetic variation in Sri Lanka leopards","Miththapala S;Seidensticker J;Phillips LG;Goodrowe KL;Fernando SBU;Forman L;O'Brien SJ;","1991  ","","4LK;electrophoresis;genetic variation;genetics;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus kotiya;subspecies;","IN FILE","139","146","Zoo Biology","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miththapala_et_al_1991_Leopard_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2148","A leopard-skin and -skull (Panthera pardus L.) from Kangean Island, Indonesia","van Helvoort BE;de Iongh HH;van Bree PJH;","1985  ","","4ID;distribution;island;Kangean Island;morphology;Panthera pardus;record;skin;skull;","IN FILE","182","184","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","51","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Helvoort_1985_Leopard-skin_and_-skull_form_Kangean_Island_Indonesia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2149","Prey of leopards in the western Soutpansberg, South Africa","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","1993  ","","1ZA;diet;faecal analysis;leopard;Panthera pardus;prey;scat analysis;Soutpansberg;","IN FILE","135","137","Journal of African Zoology","","","","107","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Scat analysis was used to determine the prey of leopards Panthera pardus in the western Soutpansberg mountains. A total of 63 scats were collected in August/September. Rock hyraxes were the most frequently occurring prey, with antelope the next most important group.","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_1993_Prey_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2150","Home range and movements of male leopards in the Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Cape Province","Norton PM;Henley SR;","1987  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;home range;movement pattern;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","41","48","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","17","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Norton_&_Henley_1987_Home_range_and_movements_of_male_leopards_in_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2151","Home ranges and predation of the Ceylon leopard (Panthera pardus fusca)","Muckenhirn NA;Eisenberg JF;","1971  ","","4IN;California;diet;future;home range;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;predation;reproduction;social behavior;status;Ceylon;","IN FILE","142","175","The World's Cats","","","","1","in: The World's Cats Vol 1Proceedings of an Interantional Symposium held at Lion Country Safari, Laguna Hills, California, on March 15-17, 1971","Eaton RL;","","Winston, Oregon","World Wildlife Safari","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Muckenhirn_&_Eisenberg_1971_Home_ranges_and_predation_of_the_Ceylon_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2152","Historical Changes in the distribution of leopards in the Cape Province, South Africa","Norton PM;","1986  ","","1ZA;Cape Province;distribution;natural history;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","1","9","Bontebok","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Norton_1986_History_of_distribution_of_leopards_in_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2153","An analysis of inbreeding within leopards in captivity","Shoemaker AH;","1984  ","","captive breeding;captivity;inbreeding;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus japonensis;","IN FILE","401","411","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","54","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1984_Inbreeding_within_leopards_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2154","The Status of leopard in Sub-Saharan Africa - A review by leopard specialists","Martin RB;de Meulenaer T;","1989  ","","1Afr;Cat Specialist Group IUCN;distribution;habitat;method;Panthera pardus;density;status;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","Jackson P;","","","CSG","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Martin_&_de_Meulenaer_1989_Status_of_leopard_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2155","Kangean Revisited of The return of the Pantaleikan","van Helvoort BE;","1984  ","","capture;coat pattern;Kangean Archipelago;method;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus melas;skin;skull;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","Amsterdam","The Netherland Foundation for International Nature Protection (Van Tienhoven Foundation)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Helvoort_1984_Return_of_the_Pantaleikan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2156","Rule-based assessment of suitable habitat and patch connectivity for the Eurasian lynx","Schadt S;Knauer F;Kaczensky P;Revilla E;Wiegand T;Trepl L;","2002  ","","8DE;connectivity;conservation;decision-making process;GIS;habitat;habitat model;large-scale;Lynx lynx;patch model;reintroduction;","IN FILE","1469","1483","Ecological Applications","Ecol Appl ","","","12","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","Conservation biologists often must make management decisions based on little empirical information. In Germany, biologists are concerned that the recovery and reintroduction of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) may fail because the remaining suitable habitat may be insufficient to sustain a viable population. However, no comprehensive study addressing this concern has been made that not only considers distribution of suitable habitat, but also connectivity to other populations. The aims of this study were (1) to quantify the amount and location of potentially suitable lynx habitat in Germany, (2) to estimate the connectivity between patches of suitable habitat, and (3) to evaluate lynx conservation programs. Habitat preferences of lynx were described in a rule-based model based on the availability of forest cover (defined by patch size) and the spatial structure of the habitat. Rules were implemented in a geographic information system to predict locations of suitable habitat. Optimal connections among patches were modeled using a cost-path analysis based on habitat-specific probabilities of lynx crossing patches. Results indicated wide variation in the size of patches of suitable habitat, with 10 areas each sufficiently large to sustain 20 resident lynxes. Overall, a total of 380 lynxes could be sustained by the 10 areas. Uncertainty analyses of model parameters and assumptions revealed little variation in predicted habitat, primarily because results were constrained by the actual distribution of forest habitat. Our analyses suggest that lynx reintroduction programs should emphasize large, connected areas and consider broad-scale habitat connectivity in the landscape. Our approach also demonstrates how biologically plausible rules can be applied in conservation to identify areas in which success is most likely, even when few empirical data are available.","","","","","","","","Schadt_et_al_2002_Habitat_and_patch_connectivity_for_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2157","Regional size variation and sexual dimorphism of the leopard Panthera pardus","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","","","1ZA;biometrics;Cape Province;measurement;Panthera pardus;panthera pardus melanotica;panthera pardus shortridgei;sexual dimorphism;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_-_Regional_size_variation_and_sexual_dimorphism_of_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2158","Leopards in Africa","Jackson P;","","","1Afr;conservation;endangered species;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A controversial report presented to the recent Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Florida (CITES) in Ottawa suggests that there are enough leopards in Africa to reopen commercial exploitation without endangering the species.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Leopards_in_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2159","Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (Third Sesseion 15th July)Sixth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Ottawa","Hykle DJ;Masse-Proulx R;","1987  ","","endangered species;fauna;flora;Panthera pardus;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1987 Jul 12th to 24th","","","","","Hykle_&_Masse_1987_International_trade_in_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2160","Leopards in a spot","Hill JA;","1987  ","","endangered species;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","","","Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hill_1987_Leopards_in_a_spot.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2161","Leopard should not be on endangered list","","1987  ","","1Afr;Panthera pardus;Red List;","IN FILE","","","","","Star","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Leopard_should_not_be_on_endangered_list.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2162","Félins dans la mire","Volet V;","1987 Jun 25 ","","1Afr;hunting (by human);Panthera pardus;Red List;","IN FILE","22","22","Le Matin","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Volet_1987_Felins_dans_la_mire.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2163","Habitat selection by lynx in the Northwest Territories","Poole KG;Wakelyn LA;Nicklen PN;","1996  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;habitat;habitat selection;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","845","850","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","74","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poole_et_al_1996_Habitat_selection_by_lynx_in_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2164","Field age determination of leopards by tooth wear","Stander PE;","1996  ","draft","1NA;age determination;dentition;Panthera pardus;teeth analysis;","IN FILE","1","7","African Journal of Ecology","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1996_Age_estimation_of_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2165","Faut-il continuer à protéger le léopard africain?","Duprez M;","1987  ","","1Afr;endangered species;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","","","Le soin","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Duprez_1987_Are_leopards_endangered.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2166","The conservation status of the leopard, goral and serow in Bangladesh, Bhutan, northern India and southern Tibet","Green MJB;","1987  ","","4BD;4BT;4IN;Capricornis sumatraensis;conservation;distribution;Nemorhaedus goral;Panthera pardus;population;status;threat;Tibet;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","United States Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_1987_Conservation_status_of_the_leopard_goral_and_serow.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2167","Panthera pardus","Ansell WFH;Dowsett RJ;","1988  ","","1MW;habitat;Panthera pardus;taxonomy;","IN FILE","66","67","","","","","","Mammals of Malawi","","","Cornwall","Trendline Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ansell_&_Dowsett_1968_Panthera_pardus.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2168","The leopard (Panthera pardus) in South Africa","Bothma JdP;","","","1ZA;conservation;distribution;habitat;Panthera pardus;population;threat;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bothma_-_Leopard_in_South_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2169","The status of the leopard, Panthera pardus, in Vietnam","Tien DV;","","","4VN;conservation;distribution;habitat;Panthera pardus;population;status;threat;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tien_-_Status_of_the_leoaprd_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2170","Threatened Status for the Leopard in Southern Africa (Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants - Federal Register / Rules and Regulations)","Arnett GR;","1982  ","","1ZA;CITES;endangered species;Panthera pardus;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","4204 / 50 CFR Part 17","4211","Federal Register","","","","Vol. 47, No. 19","","","19","","","English","","","","","","","The Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, hereby issues a rulemaking which reclassifies certain African populations of the leopard as Threatened rather than Endangered. All leopard populations occurring to the south of a line running along the border of the following countries are reclassified as Threatened: Gabon / Rio Muni; Gabon / Cameroon; Congo / Cameroon; Congo / Central African Republic; Zaire / Central African Republic; Zaire / Sudan; Uganda / Sudan; Kenya / Sudan; Kenya / Ethiopia; Kenya / Somalia. A special rule is promulgated that allows for the importation of a sport-hunted leopard trophy legally taken anywhere in Africa south of this line under the terms and conditions imposed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.","","","","","","","","Arnett_1982_CITES_Leopard_in_Southern_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2171","Should the U.S. allow importation of Leopard trophies?","Eaton RL;","1976  ","","3US;hunting (by human);Panthera pardus;trade;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","Tucson, Arizona","Safari Club International","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Eaton_1976_Should_the_US_allow_importation_of_Leopard_trophies.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2172","The status and conservation of the leopard in Sub-Saharan Africa","Eaton RL;","1977  ","Appendices in a separate file (ID 2855)","1Afr;conservation;leopard;Panthera pardus;population;status;trade;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","1","164","","","","","","","","","Tucson, Arizona","Safari Club International","English","","","","","","","The status of the leopard in Sub-Saharan Africa is reviewed and evaluated. The results of a study of the leopard's status in a dozen major countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are presented. Population estimates of the leopard are made. The leopard is not (nor was) endangered or threatened in the majority of Sub-Saharan Africa. It may easily number one million and in most of its range has a satisfactory and promising status. Recommendations are made regarding utilization of the leopard as a valuable resource for creating incentives to conserve wildlife in developing countries. It is in the interest of African wildlife generally and the leopard importation of legally acquired trophies, thereby benefiting conservation efforts in Africa. Emphasis need be placed on a system of regulating a potentially beneficial fur-trade.","","","","","","","","Eaton_1977_Status_and_conservation_of_the_leopard_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2173","Status of the leopard in Africa south of the Sahara","Teer JG;Swank WG;","1977  ","","1Afr;Panthera pardus;Sahara;status;","IN FILE","1","159","","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","The Office of Endangered SpeciesU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Teer_&_Swank_1977_Status_of_the_leopard_in_Africa_south_of_the_Sahara.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2174","The leopard Panthera pardus and the Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus in Kenya","Hamilton PH;","1981  ","","1KE;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;copyright;ecology;management;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","1","137","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hamilton_1981_Leopard_and_Cheetah_in_Kenya.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2175","Leopard ecology and its predation effects on forest chimpanzees in Tai National ParkProgress Report and Proposal","Boesch C;Jenny D;Buerki C;Gah G;","1993  ","Pub Date unsure","1CI;ecology;forest;Pan troglodytes;Panthera pardus;predation;Tai National Park;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boesch_et_al_1993_Leopard_ecology_and_its_predation_effects_on_forest_chimpanzees.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2176","The effects of Leopard Predation on Grouping Patterns in Forest Chimpanzees","Boesch C;","1991  ","","1CI;forest;Pan troglodytes;Panthera pardus;predation;predator-prey;social system;","IN FILE","220","242","Behaviour","","","","117","","","3-4","","","English","","","","","","","During a 5-year period, 29 interactions between chimpanzees and leopard have been observed or inferred in the tropical rainforest of the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. Chimpanzees chased away leopards in 9 cases, rescued alarm calling chimpanzees in 11 cases (in 4 of these footprints or growls of leopards were noted), 9 times leopards attacked chimpanzees, injuring 6 of them and killing 4. Two of the latters were most certainly eaten by the leopard later. Predation by leopards is estimated to be the first cause of mortality in the Taï chimpanzees and individual chimpanzees may experience a risk of predatory attack of 0.30 per year and a mortality risk of 0.055 per year. Taï chimpanzees adapt specifically their grouping patterns to food availability and to predation: with abundant food and low predation party size increases and mixed parties are more frequent, whereas with the same food condition but with high predation, party size decreased and all-male party types increase. Comparisons with data on grouping patterns from Gombe and Mahale chimpanzees living in more open habitats support the hypothesis that this species adapts itself to leopard predation which is known to be lower in savanna habitats. The grouping patterns of the bonobo in Lomako forest seem more similar to Taï than to Gombe or Mahale chimpanzees, suggesting an analogous adaptation to high predation pressure.","","","","","","","","Boesch_1991_Leopard_predation_and_chimpanzee_grouping_patterns.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2177","Predation and competition of Leopards Panther pardus and Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes in the Tai National Park, Ivory Coast","","1991  ","","1CI;competition;Pan troglodytes;predation;predator-prey;Tai National Park;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Leopard_and_chimpanzee_interactions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2178","Etude du spectre des proies de la panthère, Panthera pardus, dans le Parc National de Tai en Cote d'Ivoire","Hoppe-Dominik B;","1984  ","","1CI;diet;faecal analysis;faeces;Panthera pardus;prey;Tai National Park;","IN FILE","477","487","Mammalia","","","","48","","","4","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoppe-Dominik_1984_Etude_du_spectre_des_prois_de_la_panthere_dans_le_parc_national_de_Tai_en_Cote_d_Ivoire.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2179","Grass-eating Leopards: Wolves Turned into Sheep?","Hoppe-Dominik B;","1988  ","","feeding behavior;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","49","50","Naturwissenschaften","","","","75","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoppe-Dominik_1988_Grass-eating_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2180","A preliminary faunal survey of south-eastern Unguja (Zanzibar) with special emphasis on the leopard Panthera pardus adersi","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","","","1TZ;conservation;fauna;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus adersi;record;status;survey;tracking;Zanzibar;","IN FILE","1","39","","","","","","","","","","African-Arabian Wildlife Research Centre","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_-_Leopard_in_Unguja_Zanzibar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2181","Proposal for a Study of Zanzibar Leopard Distribution and Density","","1996  ","","1TZ;density;diet;distribution;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus adersi;Zanzibar;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Zanzibar_leopard_distribution_and_density.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2182","The Zanzibar Leopard: An anthropological Survey","","1996  ","","1TZ;conservation;Panthera pardus;poaching;project;Zanzibar;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Project","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Zanzibar_leopard_-_An_anthropological_survey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2183","The Barbary Leopard Panthera pardus barbarus","Drucker GRF;","1991  ","","1Afr;characteristic;distribution;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus panthera;population;threat;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Drucker_1991_Barbary_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2184","Oued-El-Abid / Bou Tferda Gorge as potential release site for captive bred Barbary Macaques","Fa JE;","1985  ","","1MA;Bou Tferda;conservation;copyright;economy;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus panthera;population;release;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fa_1985_Captive_bred_Barbary_Leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2185","Ecology of the Bou Tferda gorge: a feasibility study relating to the release of captive bred mammals","Drucker GRF;","1985  ","","1MA;Bou Tferda;copyright;ecology;Macaca sylvanus;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus panthera;release;","IN FILE","1","40","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Drucker_1985_Release_of_captive_bred_mammals_of_Bou_Tferda.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2186","Barbary Leopard ProjectFinal Report July 1990","Jensen RE;Romanski TV;","1990  ","","1MA;camera trap;ecology;method;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus panthera;project;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jensen_&_Romanski_1990_Barbary_leopard_project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2187","Atlas Leopard conservation program","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","","","1MA;competition;conservation;diet;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus panthera;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_-_Atlas_leopard_conservation_program.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2188","Status of the Jaguar, 1987","Swank WG;Teer JG;","1987  ","","2SAm;3US;conservation;habitat;hunting (by human);Panthera onca;population;density;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","361","","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Swank_&_Teer_1987_Status_of_the_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2189","Leopard-cats, Prionailurus bengalensis (Carnivora: Felidae) from Indonesia and the Philippines, with the description of two new species","Groves CP;","1997  ","","4ID;4MY;4PH;Bali;Borneo;Carnivora;Felidae;hybridization;Java;leopard cat;Negros;Palawan;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis borneoensis;Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi;Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis;Prionailurus bengalensis rabori;Prionailurus bengalensis sumatranus;subspecies;Sumatra;taxonomy;","IN FILE","330","338","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","62","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Studied was the geographic variation of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Distinct subspecies can be recognised for: Java and Bali; Sumatra: Borneo; Palawan and Negros. These show unexpected zoogeographic patterns. On the Malay peninsula a probable hybrid population exists.","","","","","","","","Groves_1997_Leopard_cats_from_Indonesia_and_Philippines.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2190","Status of the jaguar - 1987","Swank WG;Teer JG;","1989  ","","2SAm;conservation;density;distribution;ecology;habitat;jaguar;Panthera onca;population;population trend;status;threats;","IN FILE","14","21","Oryx","","","","23","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The decline of the jaguar in the 1970s reflected the large trade in their skins. Since 1973, when the species was listed on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the threat from the commercial skin trade has abated. However, habitat destruction and opportunistic killing continue. If the jaguar is to persist into the future, local people must be convinced that conserving jaguars has long-term benefits for them.","","","","","","","","Swank_&_Teer_1989_Status_of_the_jaguar_1987.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2191","Symbol of Asian pride extinct: report","Nuttall-Smith C;","2002 Nov 2 ","","4CN;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;record;","IN FILE","","","Vancouver Sun","","","","","","","","Vancouver","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nuttal-Smith_2002_Symbol_of_Asian_pride_extinct.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","2192","Reproductive parameters of wild female Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)","Kerley LL;Goodrich JM;Miquelle DG;Smirnov EN;Quigley HB;Hornocker MG;","2002  ","","7RU;age;capture;cub;dispersal;female;litter size;mortality;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;population;reproduction;Sikhote-Alin;tracking;Zapovednik;","IN FILE","","","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We monitored reproduction of 11 female Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) on and near the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia, 1992-2000, using radiotelemetry, capture, and conventional tracking (using snow and soil substrates). Tigers gave birth in all but 3 months of the year, with a peak in late summer (x2 5 10.68, d.f. 5 3, P 5 0.014; n 5 19 litters from 11 mothers). Minimum age of 1st reproduction for 4 tigers was 4 6 0.4 years (mean 6 95% confidence interval). Mean interval between litters was 21.4 6 4.4 months (n 5 7 pairs of consecutive litters for 4 tigers). Mean litter size was 2.4 6 0.6 cubs (n 5 16 litters of 9 tigers) when litter size was 1st determined but due to 41-47% cub mortality (n 5 19 litters), decreased to 1.3 6 0.5 cubs (range 5 0-4, n 5 19 litters) by the time cubs were 12 months old. At least 57% of cub mortality was anthropogenic. Mean age at dispersal was 18.8 6 1.5 months (n 5 5 litters). Mean reproductive rate was 1.4 cubs/year, but only 0.7 cubs/year survived up to 12 months old. We believe that recent conclusions that tiger populations can grow and recover rapidly from substantial losses may be overly optimistic.","","","","","","","","Kerley_et_al_2002_Reproductive_parameters_of_wild_Amur_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2193","Ecology of Jaguars and Pumas in Jalisco, Mexico","Nunez R;Miller B;Lindzey F;","1998  ","","2MX;activity;capture;conservation;diet;ecology;habitat;habitat fragmentation;home range;Panthera onca;Jalisco;mortality;Puma concolor;telemetry;reproduction;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nunez_et_al_1998_Ecology_of_jaguars_and_pumas_in_Jalisco.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2194","Cars for Cats","Delaney JK;","1999  ","","advertisment;endangered species;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","8","8","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","July","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Delaney_1999_Cars_for_cats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2195","Pristine Belize habitat under serious threat","","1999  ","","3BZ;habitat;Panthera onca;threat;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Pristine_Belize_habitat_under_serious_threat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2196","Final rule to extend endangered status for the Jaguar in the United States","Doddridge JE;","1997  ","","3US;conservation;habitat;Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","39147","39157","Federal Register","","","","62","","","140","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Doddridge_1997_Endangered_status_for_the_Jaguar_in_the_US.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2197","The present status of Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the southwest United States","Rabinowitz AR;","","","3US;Panthera onca;Panthera onca arizonensis;Panthera onca veraecrucis;record;status;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_-_Present_status_of_Jaguars_in_southwest_US.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2198","Panthers and forests in South Florida: an ecological perspective","Comiskey EJ;Bass OL jr.;Gross LJ;McBride RT;Salinas R;","2002  ","","3US;Florida;forest;habitat;Puma concolor;home range;monitoring;ecology;method;capture;habitat use;habitat selection;distribution;population;population growth;genetic restoration;restoration;management;habitat conservation;conservation;telemetry;mapping;observation;track;breeding;density;landscape;evaluation;population density;hunting;mating;dispersal;prey;reproductive success;environment;","IN FILE","18","","Conservation Ecology","","","","6","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) survives in an area of pronounced habitat diversity in southern Florida, occupying extensive home ranges that encompass a mosaic of habitats. Twenty-one years of daytime monitoring via radiotelemetry have provided substantial but incomplete information about panther ecology, mainly because this method fails to capture movement and habitat use between dusk and dawn, when panthers are most active. Broad characterizations of panther habitat suitability have nonetheless been derived from telemetry-based habitat selection studies, focusing narrowly on forests where daytime resting sites are often located. The resulting forest-centered view of panthers attributed their restricted distribution and absence of population growth in the mid-1990s to a scarcity of unfragmented forest for expansion. However, the panther population has doubled since the beginning of genetic restoration in 1995, increasing five-fold in public areas described as unsuitable based on forest criteria. Although the forest-centered view no longer explains panther distribution, it continues to shape management decisions and habitat conservation policies. The assumptions and limitations of this view therefore merit critical examination. We analyze the role of forests in the ecology of the Florida panther. To address the absence of nighttime telemetry data, we use innovative telemetry mapping techniques and incorporate information from field observations indicating habitat use during active hours (e.g., tracks, scats, urine markers, and kill sites). We consider daytime telemetry data in the context of panther home ranges and breeding units. We analyze home range size in relation to the amount of forest within each range, concluding that percent forest cover is a poor predictor of size. We apply fractal analysis techniques to characterize the relative density of forest cover associated with daytime locations and interpret the results in terms of spatial landscape patterns, highlighting the limitations of daytime telemetry data for characterizing overall habitat use. We conclude that the forest-centered view of panther habitat selection is based on an uncritical evaluation of telemetry data collected prior to the recent population expansion and on the unsupported assumption that day bed habitats are representative of nighttime habitat use. We find that numerous factors contribute to habitat suitability and population density and distribution, and that P. concolor in Florida, as elsewhere in their range, are habitat generalists, exploiting the broad spectrum of available habitats for hunting, resting, mating, travel, denning, and dispersal. Whereas panthers readily use forested habitat with understory and prey, we find no support for the view that only the forested land within a habitat mosaic is potential panther habitat, or for the contention that only forested habitats are used by panthers within existing home ranges. We suggest a more ecologically consistent management and recovery paradigm based on maintaining the integrity of the system of overlapping home ranges that characterizes panther social structure and satisfies breeding requirements. Such a paradigm focuses on the requirements for reproductive success of a small population in a changing environment.","","","","","","","","Comiskey_et_al_2002_Panthers_and_forests_in_Florida.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2199","A model for exploited bobcat populations in Wyoming","Crowe DM;","1975  ","","3US;Lynx rufus;model;mortality;population;population dynamics;population structure;reproduction;Wyoming;","IN FILE","408","415","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","39","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Rising fur prices and concurrent increases in aesthetic and sporting values suggest a need for more intensive management of bobcats (Lynx rufus). One hundred sixty-one animals collected from 1970 through 1973 were used to provide information on reproduction, mortality, and age-structure. An analysis of 81 reproductive tracts indicated that all females were sexually active during the breeding season. The peak period of breeding was in March. The average litter size was 2.79 and the majority of births were within two weeks of 1 June. Age-structure and harvest data supplied a basis from which to estimate annual mortality rates. From information on reproduction and mortality a model describing annual population fluctuation was constructed. Applications of this concept of the mechanics of bobcat populations are discussed with regard to sustained optimum yields and predation control.","","","","","","","","Crowe_1975_Bobcat_population_model.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2200","IUCN Red List Categories","","1994  ","","IUCN;Red List;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","40th Meeting of the IUCN Council","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","1994 Nov 30 ","","","","","Anonymous_1994_IUCN_Red_list_Categories.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2201","Solicitud de cupo para exportacion de trofeos de Yaguar (Panthera onca) en Venezuela","Profauna SA;","1997  ","","2VE;conservation;distribution;habitat;hunting (by human);legislation;Panthera onca;trade;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Profauna_1997_Solicitud_de_cupo_para_exportacion_de_trofeos_de_Yaguar_en_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2202","The Jaguarfrom: Wild Cats, Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, Appendix 1. Cat Suspecies","","1995  ","","2SAm;3US;conservation;distribution;Panthera onca;status;subspecies;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Distribution_of_the_Jaguar_-_Map.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2203","Auf der Spur des Tigers","Mayer F;","1992  ","","45Asia;capture;Panthera tigris;zoo;","IN FILE","36","55","Das Magazin","Magazin","","","15","","","","Zürich","","German","","","","","","","","","","-32676  ","","","","","Mayer_1992_Auf_der_Spur_des_Tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2204","Ranchers Ride to the Defense of Mountaintop 'Sky Islands'","Stevens WK;","1996 Sep 24 ","","2MX;3US;Arizona;island;Panthera onca;sighting;tracking;","IN FILE","B7","B8","","","New York Times - Science Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stevens_1996_Ranchers_ride_to_the_defense_of_mountaintop_Sky_Island.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2205","Der Kampf der Tiger - Treibjagd auf den grossen Jäger","Suelberg H;","1994  ","","45Asia;conservation;endangered species;hunting (by human);Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","8","30","Geo","","","","8","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","-32676  ","","","","","Suelberg_1994_Der_Kampf_der_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2206","Body mass and skull measurements in four Jaguar populations, and observations on their preybase","Hoogesteijn R;Mondolfi E;","1996  ","","body mass;jaguar;measurement;morphology;observation;Panthera onca;population;prey;skull;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Body mass and nine skull measurements of two floodplain (Pantanal and Llanos) and two forest (Amazon and Central America) jaguar (Panthera onca) populations, were analyzed to compare them, relate their morphometric dimensions to preybase and latitude, and examine the relationship with their subspecies status. Analyzing data from males and females separately, jaguar at all sites differed significantly for most variables studied, with the exception of rostral breadth, maxillary teeth row length, and pterygoid fossa breadth for both sexes. And postorbital breadth for females, which were either not, or only weakly significant. Individuals from the floodplain populations were consistently larger in almost all parameters than the samples from the forest sites. The difference is independent of the subspecific status. Comparison among the biomass values of prey taken at each site, were also consistently higher for floodplain populations. Jaguar skull size and body mass seem to be more related to biomass of prey taken than to latitudinal location. The differences found in these four populations, and the high number of Central American subspecies, suggest that a revision of subspecies validity is needed. The reduction in the subspecies number is not only important from a taxonomic point of view but also from an ecological and conservationist one. The increase of our understanding of the phylogenetic heritage, and morphological and ecological variation within the species is a priority for conservation.","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_&_Mondolfi_1996_Body_mass_and_skull_measurements_of_the_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2207","The races of Jaguar (Panthera onca)","Pocock RI;","1939  ","","coat pattern;Panthera onca;Panthera onca arizonensis;Panthera onca centralis;Panthera onca goldmani;Panthera onca hernandesi;Panthera onca onca;Panthera onca palustris;Panthera onca peruviana;Panthera onca veraecrucis;skin;skull;","IN FILE","406","422","Novitates Zoologicae","","","","XLI","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pocock_1939_The_races_of_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2208","Distribucion y abundancia del Jaguar, Panthera onca (Carnivora; Felidae) en el estado de Chiapas, Mexico","Aranda MJ;","1996  ","","2MX;Carnivora;Chiapas;distribution;Felidae;Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","45","52","","Acta Zoologica Mexicana","","","68","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","Sixteen localities were visited in order to define the current status of the jaguar in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. In two areas, jaguar abundance was calculated. The total distributional area of the jaguar in 1988 is to be in 8,800 km² with a population between 241 and 343 jaguars.","","","","","","","","Aranda_1996_Distribucion_y_abundancia_del_Jaguar_en_el_estdo_de_Chiapas_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2209","Belize Trip Report","Rabinowitz AR;","1991  ","","3BZ;hunting (by human);Panthera onca;poaching;problem animal;status;tourism;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_1991_Belize_trip_report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2210","Ecology and behaviour of the Jaguar (Panthera onca) in Belize, Central America","Rabinowitz AR;Nottingham BG;","1986  ","","3BZ;activity;behavior;diet;ecology;feeding;feeding behavior;home range;Panthera onca;movement pattern;telemetry;territory marking;translocation;","IN FILE","149","159","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","210","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rabinowitz_&_Nottingham_1986_Ecology_and_behavior_of_Jaguar_in_Belize.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2211","Tiger Population Estimation and Monitoring","Nath L;","2000  ","","4IN;conservation;management;monitoring;National Park;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;population;population estimate;","IN FILE","217","266","","","","","","Conservation and Management of the Tiger, Panthera tigris tigris, in Bandhavgarth National Park, Inida","","7","Oxford","University of Oxford, Trinity Term","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nath_2000_Tiger_population_estimation_and_monitoring.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2212","El Jaguar en México - The Jaguar in Mexico","Navarro DL;et al.;","1993  ","Pub Date unsure","2MX;disturbance;evolution;genetics;habitat;Panthera onca;problem animal;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","61","","","","","","","","","","Secretatia de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos"," Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Navarro_et_al_1993_Jaguar_in_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2213","A preliminary Jaguar survey at Hato Las Nieves, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela","Crawshaw PG;","1989  ","","2VE;Hato Las Nieves;Panthera onca;predation;telemetry;survey;tracking;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Six days (August 15-20, 1989) were spent at the Hato Las Nieves, Edo. Bolivar, Venezuela, to search for evidence of Jaguars (Panthera onca) and to investigate the feasibility of a radio-telemetry study on that species in the area. In the course of 9 excursions to different sections of the ranch, made on 4-wheel drive vehicles, horses, and boats, for a total of roughly 28 hours in the field, only 2 sets of tracks and 1 kill attributed to jaguars were found. An additional 5 kills (all of livestock) made in previous months, were also shown to me. It was my impression that, on the basis of the limited evidence, a period (roughly 1 year) of simple but systematic data collection would be advisable to insure the presence of an adequate resident population, before launching into a full-fledged radio-telemetry study. A system of data cards, including predation data and track counts, measurement, and mapping, was suggested to allow the ranch manager, who works in the area fulltime, to record pertinent data in a consistent manner. Once and if a sufficient number of animals has been detected in the area, the interested parties can then proceed into a more specific and detailed study of jaguar ecology.","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_1989_Jaguar_survey_at_Hato_Las_Nieves_in_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2214","The status of the Jaguar","Swank WG;","1989  ","","Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","30","31","Safari","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Swank_1989_Status_of_the_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2215","Frecuencia, factores predisponentes y consecuencias de la depredacion de ganado bovino y equino por yaguares y pumas en los llanos de los estados Cojedes y Portuguesa","Gonzalez-Fernandez AJ;","1992  ","","2VE;depredation;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos occidentales 'Ezequiel Zamora'","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gonzalez-Fernandez_1992_Frecuenia_factores_predisponentes_y_consecuencias_de_la_depredacion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2216","El jaguar en la pluvisilva atlantica de Brasil","Guix JC;","1992  ","Spanish with English translation","2BR;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","33","37","Vida Silvestre","","","","71","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Guix_1992_El_jaguar_en_la_pluvisilva_atlantica_de_Brasil.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2217","A conservation plan for the jaguar Panthera onca in the Pantanal region of Brazil","Quigley HB;Crawshaw PG;","1992  ","","2BR;action plan;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;distribution;habitat;human-carnivore conflict;jaguar;livestock;livestock damage;nature reserve;Pantanal;Panthera onca;protected area;status;strategy;","IN FILE","149","157","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The results of three years of research on jaguars Panthera onca in the Pantanal region of Brazil are used to develop a comprehensive conservation plan for the species in the region. The plan attempts to integrate space and ecological requirements of the species with existing land features and socio-economic realities of the region. A reserve of at least 2000-3000 km2 is recommended for each of two areas which still support relatively undisturbed populations of jaguars. Second, the plan calls for the protection of riverine forests between the two reserves as corridors for inter refuge movement. Lastly, several recommendations are made to address jaguar-cattle conflict.","","","","","","","","Quigley_&_Crawshaw_1992_Jaguar_conservation_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2218","Jaguar predation on capybara","Schaller GB;Vasconcelos JMC;","1978  ","","2BR;behavior;Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris;jaguar;kill rate;Panthera onca;predation;predator-prey;prey selection;","IN FILE","296","301","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","43","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Studied the techniques used by jaguar to kill capybara and noted the effects of predation on a small capybara population in Mato Grosso. Jaguar often used a specific killing bite, puncturing the temporal bones of their victims with the canines. An analysis of 59 kills and other remains revealed that predation was not selective on a particular age class. Jaguar killed 20-30% of a small population in two months. However, disease - probably trypanosomiasis - first reduced the population to a point where predation could become important. Results indicate that predation had a significant effect by increasing the prey's rate of decline.","","","","","","","","Schaller_&_Vasconcelos_1978_Jaguar_predation_on_capybara.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2219","Movement Patterns of Jaguar","Schaller GB;Crawshaw PG;","1980  ","","2BR;density;habitat;home range;movement pattern;Panthera onca;space use;telemetry;","IN FILE","161","168","Biotropica","","","","12","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Jaguar on two small ranches in southwestern Brazil had a density of about one animal per 25 sq km. Females ranched over at least 25-38 sq. km and males over twice that much terrain. The ranges of females overlapped, and the range of resident male included the ranges of several females. Jaguar and puma ranges also overlapped, but each species favored parts not much used by the other. Day-and-night radio tracking revealed precise travel and activity patterns of two female jaguar. The social system of jaguar is in most respects similar to that of other large solitary cats such as puma, leopard, and tiger.","","","","","","","","Schaller_&_Crawshaw_1980_Movement_patterns_of_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2220","Fact Sheet Jaguar","WWF;","","","breeding;endangered species;habitat;Panthera onca;WWF;","IN FILE","1","2","Fact Sheet WWF","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF_-_Fact_Sheet_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2221","Saving the tiger: A challenge for mankind","Johnsingh AJT;","1997  ","","45Asia;conservation;extinction;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Panthera tigris balica;Panthera tigris sondaica;Panthera tigris virgata;","IN FILE","1","5","WII Newsletter","","","","4","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1997_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2222","Spatial organization of a lynx population","Poole KG;","1995  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;home range;Lynx canadensis;North Western Territories;spatial organization;","IN FILE","632","641","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","73","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poole_1995_Spatial_organization_of_a_lynx_population.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2223","El jaguar (Panthera onca) en la reserva Calakmul, Mexico: Morfometria, habitos alimentarios y densidad de poblacion","Aranda MJ;","1990  ","","2MX;Calakmul;ecology;habitat;Panthera onca;nature reserve;population;density;","IN FILE","1","93","","","","","","","","","","Universidad Nacional Heredia, Costa Rica","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Aranda_1990_El_jaguar_en_la_reserva_Calakmul_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2224","Florida wildcats growing in number","","1999  ","","3US;breeding;Florida;hybridization;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Texas;","IN FILE","","","Associated Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Florida_wildcats_growing_in_number.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","2225","Jaguar hunting in the Mato-Grosso","de Almeida A;","1976  ","","2BR;characteristic;habitat;hunting (by human);jaguar;Mato-Grosso;Panthera onca;swamp forest;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","194","","","","","","","","","","Stanwill Press","English","","","","","","","An adventuresome story about a jaguar hunt in the Mato-Grosso. (Book)","","","","","","","","De_Almeida_1976_Jaguar_hunting_in_the_Mato-Grosso.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","2226","Actas del primer taller sobre la conservacion del Jaguar en Costa Rica","Rodriguez MA;","1995  ","","2CR;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;ecology;habitat;human-carnivore conflict;jaguar;livestock;livestock damage;natural history;Panthera onca;predator control;protected area;status;","IN FILE","1","64","","","","","1","","","","San José","Fundacion de Vida Silvestre","Spanish","","","","","","","This book contains the proceedings and resolution of the Conference on the Conservation of the Jaguar in Costa Rica held in 1992 and facilitated by the Direccion General de Vida Silvestre del Ministerio de Recursos Naturales, Energia y Minas. The first part of the book contains a collection of the presentations held at the conference and questions posed during the following discussions. Distribution, habitat, natural history, and predation on livestock are addressed. An article on Conservation and Control of felid predators in Costa Rica is included. The second part of the book contains the final plenary discussion, as well as conclusions and recommendations made by the conference participants.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_1995_Actas_del_primer_taller_sobre_la_conservation_del_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2227","Surgical plating of a fractured Radius and Ulna in a wild Canada lynx","Poole KG;Elkin BT;Pisz T;Elkin KE;Robertson D;Sabourin ML;","1998  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;fracture;free-ranging;Lynx canadensis;veterinary;","IN FILE","365","368","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","34","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","A free-ranging, adult male Canada-lynx (Lynx canadensis) experienced a closed, complete, non-comminuted transverse fracture of the left radius and ulna when captured in a leg snare. A dynamic compression plate (DCP) attached to the anterior surface of the radius was used to stabilize the fracture. Radiographs 44 days post-surgery indicated advanced primary bone healing. The lynx was released 46 days post-surgery near the site of capture. Radiotelemetry indicated long-term survival and movements similar to other males monitored during the same period.","","","","","","","","Poole_et_al_1998_Fracture_surgiology_in_wild_Canada_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2228","Registro actual de Leo onca palustris (Ameghino) en el Estado de Rio Grande del Sur, BrasilNotas sobre felidos neotropicales 7","Ximénez A;Silva F;","1979  ","","2BR;conservation;public attitude;Panthera onca;Panthera onca palustris;","IN FILE","683","686","Acta Zoologica Lilloana","","","","35","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_&_Silva_1979_Registro_actual_de_Leo_onca_palsutris.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2229","Dispersal patterns of lynx in the Northwest Territories","Poole KG;","1997  ","","3CA;Canada lynx;dispersal;harvest;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;mortality;movement pattern;North Western Territories;radio telemetry;survival;","IN FILE","497","505","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","61","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Knowledge of dispersal patterns in lynx (Lynx lynx) is fragmentary but warrants investigation because of its importance to population and harvest dynamics. From 1989 to 1995 I examined dispersal patterns of 60 radiocollared and 31 eartagged lynx from an untrapped population in southwestern Northwest Territories at peak to low densities of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Thirty-seven collared and 6 tagged lynx were identified as dispersers. Dispersal rates were greatest in the 12-month period after the rapid decline in hare density. Annual dispersal rates did not differ between sexes (P > 0.20). Dispersal direction was not different from uniform for female lynx (P > 0.5), and favored south and west for males (P < 0.02). Straight-line dispersal distances ranged from 17 to 930 km, and did not differ between sexes, age classes, or residency status (P > 0.22). Survival rates of dispersers and non-dispersers did not differ for any of the intervals in the hare cycle examined (P > 0.40), and were lowest during the first full year after the decline in hare density. Natural causes accounted for nearly 3 times as many deaths as human-caused. Eight lynx established new home ranges at the end of dispersal. The extent of dispersal and the degree of natural mortality after the decline in hare density suggest that although the mobility and vulnerability of lynx populations are both high, some restricted harvesting could be implemented during this period.","","","","","","","","Poole_1997_Dispersal_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2230","Among habitat variation in prey availability and use by caracal Felis caracal","Avenant NL;Nel JAJ;","2002  ","","1ZA;area;arid shrub;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;conservation;diet;ecosystem;habitat;mice;predation;prey;prey availability;prey use;response (behavioural);Rodentia;scats;","IN FILE","18","33","","Mammal Biology","","","67","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","In order to determine whether caracal Felis caracal are specialist or generalist feeders, correlation between prey availability and prey use by caracal was investigated in a conservation area and on small- stock farms. In a coastal and shrub ecosystem on the South African west coast caracal fed on prey ranging in size and taxa from 1 g insects to 31 kg antelope. As in some other and areas and ecosystems the most common prey was rodents, especially striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio and bush Karoo rats Otomys unisulcatus, and in addition, birds. The occurrence of particular prey taxa in scats was significantly correlated with their availability, with seasonal trends in both availability and use of prey evident in four habitats sampled. Predation on introduced springbok, and on small stock on farms, was seasonal and of limited extent. Results indicate that at any given time or place caracat take a wide range of prey species but concentrate on those that are most abundant, and are thus generalist feeders","1616-5047","","","","","","","Avenant_&_Nel_2002_Prey_availability_and_use_by_Felis_caracal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2231","Comments on conservation and status of the Jaguar in south America","Emmons LH;","1986  ","","3US;conservation;hunting behavior;Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Emmons_1986_Conservation_and_Status_of_the_Jaguar_in_South_America.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2232","The Prospects for Jaguar Conservation in Brazil","Crawshaw PG;","","","2BR;conservation;endangered species;Panthera onca;Pantanal;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Crawshaw_-_Jaguar_Conservation_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2233","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècleCover, Contents, Introduction, References","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Includes RefIDs 2234 to 2237","4CN;7RU;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Le_sauvegarde_du_tigre_de_Siberie.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2234","Presentation du tigre de Siberie","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Chapter 1","4CN;7RU;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","5","12","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","1","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Presentation_du_tigre_de_Siberie.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2235","Les menaces que present sur le tigre de Siberie","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Chapter 2","4CN;7RU;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","13","24","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","2","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Les_menaces_que_present_sur_le_tigre_de_Siberie.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2236","Les moyens mis en oeuvre pour sauver le tigre de Siberie","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Chapter 3","4CN;7RU;conservation;conservation strategy;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","25","61","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","3","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Les_moyens_mis_en_oeuvre_pour_sauver_le_tigre_de_Siberie.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2237","Organisations de protection du tigre de Siberie","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Annexe I","4CN;7RU;CITES;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;protection;status;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;traffic;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Organisations_de_protection_du_tigre_de_Siberie.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2238","Un exemple du travail des zoos et visite d'une ferme d'elevage en Chine","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Annexe II","4CN;7RU;breeding centre;captive breeding;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;zoo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Un_exemple_du_travail_des_zoos_et_visite_d_une_ferme_d_elevage.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2239","La lutte contre le commerce de la faune sauvage. Enquetes de la CITES et de TRAFFIC","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Annexe III","4CN;7RU;CITES;conservation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;status;threat;trade;Traditional Chinese Medicine;traffic;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_La_lutte_contre_le_commerce_de_la_faune_sauvage.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2240","La telemetrie appliquee a l'ecologie et a la protection du tigre: Le 'Siberian Tiger Project'","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Annexe IV","4CN;7RU;conservation;ecology;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;protection;status;telemetry;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_La_telemetrie_appliquee_a_l_ecologie_et_a_la_protection_du_tigre.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2241","Le tigre de l'Amour dans le nord est de la Chine","Gouraud F;","2001  ","Annexe V","4CN;4KP;7RU;conservation;ecology;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;protection;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Le sauvegarde du tigre de Siberie au 21ème siècle","","","","I.N.A.L.C.O. Departement CHINE","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gouraud_2001_Le_tigre_de_l_Amour_dans_le_nord_est_de_la_Chine.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2242","The Black-footed cat - Efficient rodent killer","Sliwa A;","1995  ","","1ZA;behavior;diet;feeding;Felis nigripes;home range;status;","IN FILE","16","19","Farmer's Weekly","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1995_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2243","Saving room for Ocelot","","1995  ","","3US;distribution;habitat requirements;Herpailurus yaguarondi;Leopardus pardalis;Texas;","IN FILE","9","9","Endangered Species Bulletin","","","","10","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Saving_room_for_ocelot.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2244","Servals: Wetland cats","Bowland J;","1990  ","","1ZA;diet;distribution;habitat;Leptailurus serval;","IN FILE","4","5","Endangered Wildlife","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bowland_1990_Servals-_wetland_cats.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2245","The leopards of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park","Daniel JC;","1995  ","","4IN;human-predator conflict;Panthera pardus;Sanjay Gandhi National Park;threat;","IN FILE","18","21","Hornbill","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Leopards survived although their food resources like deer went extinct. Analyses of droppings showed that they feed mainly on dogs. Some leopards adapted to a life next to humans even next to cities like Bombay.","","","","","","","","Daniel_1995_The_leopards_of_the_Sanjay_Gandhi_NP.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2246","Blue Cranes and Black-footed Cats","Sliwa A;","1996  ","","Anthropoides paradiseus;behavior;Felis nigripes;sighting;","IN FILE","9","9","Griqua Gnus","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Society of Southern Africa","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1996_Blue_cranes_and_black-footed_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2247","Elevage du Capybara en captivite: Possibilites de production alimentaire et programmes pour repeuoler les regions d'origine et pour les fermes a Gibier- Capybara raising in captivity: Possibilities for meat production and for programs to repopulate native areas and for game ranching","Lavorenti A;","1986  ","","2SAm;captive breeding;captivity;capybara;conservation;Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris;Panthera onca;reintroduction;status;","IN FILE","212","215","","","","","","Conservation Status of the Jaguar (Panthera onca) - Conseil International de la Chasse et de la Conservation du Gibier & Fondation International pour la Sauvegarde du Gibier","","","Paris","C.I.C.","French/English","","","","","","","","","","1986 Apr 4th - 5th","","","","","Lavorenti_1986_Capybara_raising_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2248","Conclusion sur 'Gestion de la faune sauvage en foret neotropicale humide'Conclusion on wildlife management in neotropical moist forest","Ojasti J;Lopez Pizarro E;des Clers B;","1986  ","","2CR;Cano Negro;conservation;forest;Panthera onca;management;neotropical rainforest;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","216","217","","","","","","Conservation Status of the Jaguar (Panthera onca)Conseil International de la Chasse et de la Conservation du Gibier & Fondation International pour la Sauvegarde du Gibier","","","Paris","C.I.C.","French and English","","","","","","","","","","1986 Apr 4th - 5th","","","","","Ojasti_et_al_1986_Wildlife_management_in_neotropical_moist_forest.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2249","Zoo curator slams black jaguar killing","","1986  ","","public attitude;Panthera onca;zoo;","IN FILE","","","Hong Kong Standard","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Zoo_curator_slams_black_jaguar_killing.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2250","B 14 - Brazil","Jackson P;","1982  ","","2BR;forest;population;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1982_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2251","The Jaguar","Jackson P;","1983  ","","2SAm;characteristic;fishing;hunting behavior;Panthera onca;religion;trade;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1983_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2252","The current trade in Jaguar and Ocelot skins - Brazil","Smith N;","1971  ","","2BR;hunting (by human);Panthera onca;Leopardus pardalis;skin;trade;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_1971_Current_trade_in_Jaguar_and_Ocelot_skins_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2253","Observations about the population and legal situation of the Jaguar ( Panthera onca) in Venezuela62 Meeting of the commission for the survival of species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature / IUCN, Fueda and Marnr","Hoogesteijn R;Mondolfi E;","","","2VE;conservation;hunting (by human);IUCN;Panthera onca;observation;population;population trend;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_&_Mondolfi_-_Population_and_sitation_of_the_Jaguar_in_Venezuela.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2254","Jaguar","Hoogesteijn R;","","","distribution;habitat;Panthera onca;predation;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoogesteijn_-_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2255","Man-Eater! Condensed from The Temple Tiger and More Man-Eaters of Kumaon","Corbett J;","1955  ","","4IN;attack on human;Corbett National Park;human-predator conflict;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","7","50","","","","","1","","","22","Pleasantville N.Y.","Reader's Digest Association Incorporated","English","","","","","Reader's Digest Condensed Books - Summer 1955 Selections","","","","","","","","","","Corbett_1955_Man-Eaters_of_Kumaon.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2256","First Jaguar Preserve in the Americas","","1985  ","","3BZ;Panthera onca;predation;problem animal;","IN FILE","","","Endangered Species Technical Bulletin","","","","2","","","9","","New York Zoological Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1985_First_jaguar_preserve_in_the_Americas.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2257","Propiedade de el Tigre","Ferrer de Valdecebro A;","1696  ","","characteristic;habitat;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","150","160","","","","","2","Govierno general, moral y politico hallado en las fieras y animales sylvestres","Loriente T;Cormellas J;","38 - 40","Barcelona","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ferrer_de_Valdecebro_1696_Propiedade_de_el_tigre.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2258","Propiedades de la Onza","Ferrer de Valdecebro A;","1696  ","","2SAm;characteristic;habitat;Leopardus pardalis;status;","IN FILE","161","179","","","","","2","Govierno general, moral y politico hallado en las fieras y animales sylvestres","Loriente T;Cormellas J;","41 - 46","Barcelona","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ferrer_de_Valdecebro_1696_Propiedades_de_la_onza.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2259","Cougar incidents rekindle hunt talk: Some see hounds as best response","Cabrera L;","1999  ","","attack on human;Puma concolor;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","Associated Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cabrera_1999_Cougar_incidents_rekindle_hunt_talk.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2260","Puma GeneticsA Puma Is a Cougar Is a pantherMeeting of the American Genetic Association","Pennisi E;","","","Puma concolor;genetics;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pennisi_-_Puma_Genetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2261","Avoiding the lurking pitfalls in Florida panther recovery","Maehr DS;Lacy RC;","2002  ","","3US;conservation;Florida;genetics;introgression;landscape conservation;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;recovery;","IN FILE","971","978","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","30","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery currently hinges on the introgression of genetic material from introduced Texas cougars (P. c. stanleyana). Recent population growth has occurred in an area that historically supported fluctuating prey populations. It is likely that local prey populations cannot support increased panther numbers over the long term. In addition, current rates of introgression may result in genetic swamping of the Florida panther. About 50% of the population is composed of individuals with Texas genes, and the entire genomic contribution from Texas exceeds 24%. Strategic removals of genetically intercrossed panthers may be warranted. We recommend caution in claiming success through genetic management, and emphasize the need to take a landscape approach to panther recovery.","","","","","","","","Maehr_&_Lacy_2002_Avoiding_the_lurking_pitfalls_in_Florida_panther_recovery.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2262","The cat of many names","","1999  ","","measurement;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Cat_of_many_names.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2263","Mountain Lion Peril in East Bay","Wallace B;","1993  ","","3US;density;hunting (by human);Puma concolor;","IN FILE","A15","","San Francisco Chronicle","","","","","","","","San Francisco","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wallace_1993_Mountain_lion_peril_in_east_bay.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2264","Young Cougar Caught at Lake Mission Viejo","","1987  ","","capture;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","14","14","Los Angeles Times","","","","","","","","Los Angeles","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Young_cougar_caught_at_Lake_Mission_Viejo.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2265","Woman shocked as cougar visits park's restroom","","1987 Aug 2 ","","Puma concolor;sighting;","IN FILE","C8","","Antelope Valley Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Cougar-human_encounter.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2266","Coy pumas step out of shadows","Letts Q;","1991  ","","predator-human conflict;Puma concolor;sighting;","IN FILE","","","Daily Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Letts_1991_Coy_pumas_step_out_of_shadows.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2267","Voters asked to end ban of Mountain lion hunts","Wilson Y;Barnum A;","1995  ","","3US;California;public attitude;hunting (by human);legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","","S F Chronicle","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilson_&_Barnum_1995_Voters_asked_to_end_ban_on_mountain_lion_hunts.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2268","Mountain lion protection in voters' hands","Matthews J;","1995  ","","3US;California;conservation;legislation;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Democrat Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Matthews_1995_Mountain_lion_protection_in_voters_hands.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2269","Cougar sightings scaring families in Benicia","Brazil E;","1995  ","","Puma concolor;public attitude;sighting;","IN FILE","","","San Francisco Examiner","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brazil_1995_Cougar_sightings_scaring_families_in_Benicia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2270","Education only defense against mountain lion encounters","Geniella M;","","","attack on human;Puma concolor;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","Democrat Press","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Geniella_1995_Education_only_defense_against_mountain_liion_encounters.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2271","Just no sleepin' with a mountain lion in house","Callahan M;","1995  ","","3US;Puma concolor;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","Santa Rosa Press Democrat","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Callahan_1995_Mountain_lion_in_house.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2272","Big cats are back on the prowl - fatal attacks by mountain lions renew hunting debate in California","Boudreau J;","1995 Apr 3 ","","3US;attack on human;California;hunting (by human);predator-human conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","","","Washington Post","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boudreau_1995_Fatal_attacks_by_mountain_lions_renew_hunting_debate_in_California.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2273","Cougars in the News","Tischendorf JW;","1992  ","","3US;Conneticut;Puma concolor;sighting;","IN FILE","2","3","Eastern Panther Update","","","","","","","2","","American Ecological Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tischendorf_1992_Cougars_in_the_news.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2274","Assessment of adverse human impact on biodiversity in Armenia's premier wilderness areas, Khosrov Reserve and Gnadasar Mt. / Noravank Canyon - Final report","Khorozyan I;","2002  ","","7SU;biodiversity;human impact;Khosrov Reserve;Noravank Canyon;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","","","","","UK","Rufford Small Grant programme","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khorozyan_2002_Adverse_human_impact_on_biodiversity_in_Armenia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2275","Impact of social managment on reproductive, adrenal and behavioural activity in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","Wielebnowski NC;Ziegler K;Wildt DE;Lukas J;Brown JL;","2002  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;activity;behavior;captivity;female;hormons;non-invasive sampling;physiology;sociality;","IN FILE","291","301","Animal Conservation","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wielebnowski_et_al_2002_Reproductive_suppression_in_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2276","Ecological and allometric determinants of home-range size for mountain lions (Puma concolor)","Grigione MM;Beier P;Hopkins RA;Neal D;Padley WD;Schonewald CM;Johnson ML;","2002  ","","3US;age-specific;California;home range;Puma concolor;reproduction;seasonality;sex-specific;","IN FILE","317","324","Animal Conservation","","","","5","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grigione_et_al_2002_Home-range_size_for_mountain_lions.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2277","The genetic aspect of far-eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) conservation5th World Conference on Breeding Endangered Species in Captivity, Cincinnati, OH, 1988","Korkishko VG;","1988  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captivity;conservation;conservation strategy;endangered species;genetics;inbreeding;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population genetics;","IN FILE","137","141","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Korkishko_1988_Genetic_aspect_of_far-eastern_leopard_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2278","The present day distribution and numbers of leopards (Panthera pardus) in the Soviet Far East","Pikunov DG;Korkishko VG;","1985  ","English summary","7SU;conservation;distribution;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population size;","IN FILE","897","904","Zoological Journal (Russian)","","","","64","","","6","","","Russian","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_&_Korkishko_1985_Present_day_distribution_and_numbers_of_leopards_in_the_Soviet_Far_East_(R).pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2279","The Amur Leopard in the USSR","Bannikov AG;","1969  ","","7SU;distribution;IUCN;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;status;","IN FILE","83","83","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bannikov_1969_Amur_leopard_in_the_USSR.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2280","Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis (Schlegel, 1857)","Won P;","1986  ","English summary","4KP;4KR;captive breeding;distribution;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population size;status;","IN FILE","312","315","","","","","","Mammals of Korea","Won P;Hong-Koo;","","Pyung Yang","Nat. Acad. Sci. Publ. Co.","Chinese","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Won_1986_Amur_leopard_Panthera_pardus_orientalis.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2281","Lifetime semen production in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","Durrant BS;Millard SE;Zimmerman DM;Lindburg DG;","2001  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;age;artificial vagina;biology;free-ranging;gonadal senescence;history;male;management;management plan;maturity;morphology;natural history;population;reproductive biology;senescence;sexual maturity;species management;sperm;","IN FILE","359","366","Zoo Biology","","","","20","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","Lifetime semen production data provide valuable insight into a species' natural history and biology as well as information about the potential fertility of males at various life stages. An understanding of the ages of sexual maturity, peak sperm production, and gonadal senescence will contribute to the design of species management plans for captive, free-ranging, and reintroduced populations of exotic animals. To describe these life stages in the cheetah, semen was collected biweekly for 13 years from a solitary male beginning at 3 years of age. The 338 ejaculates were obtained noninvasively by artificial vagina. Ejaculate volume and sperm motility score, concentration, and normal morphology were recorded. A sperm quality index incorporating all five semen parameters was calculated to facilitate ejaculate comparisons. Polynomial regression analysis revealed a significant effect of age on volume, which increased throughout the animal's lifetime except for a reduction between ages 10 and 12. Concentration was also significantly affected by age and increased from the age of 3 to the age of 10, then decreased. The sperm quality index revealed a significant effect of age as it increased from age 3 to age 8, then declined as the male grew older. The cheetah did not reach peak semen production until age 8 and continued to produce good quality semen for several more years. These data were somewhat unexpected, given the average cheetah life expectancy of approximately 7 years.","0733-3188","","","","","","","Durrant_et_al_2001_Lifetime_semen_production_in_a_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2282","Surveying the Arakan Yoma","Johnsingh AJT;Sukumar R;","1998 May 31 ","","4IN;conservation;human attitude;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","12","13","","","Hindu","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Sukumar_1998_Surveying_the_Arakan_Yoma.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2283","Amur leopard recovery and captive breeding programme - Project Proposal and Summary of Discussion during CBSG Meeting / Antwerp. September 1993","Wirth R;","1993  ","","breeding;captive breeding;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;project;status;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wirth_1993_Amur_leopard_recovery_and_captive_breeding_program.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2284","The Kodkod: A little known wild cat","Sanderson JG;","1997 Jul ","","behavior;habitat;Oncifelis guigna;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","1","1","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","27","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_1997_The_Kodkod.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2285","Summary of the 1996 workshop in Vladivostok to save the Amur leopard, Panthera pardus orientalis, in nature and captivity","Shoemaker AH;Arzhanova TD;Gorgas B;Kaal M;Shilo R;Miquelle DG;","1996  ","","7SU;action plan;Amur leopard;captive breeding;captive population;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;land use;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;protected area;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","Workshop in Vladivostok to save the Amur leopard, Panthera pardus orientalis, in nature and captivity","","","","","English","","","","","","","This draft is a summary of the recovery plan for conservation of the far eastern leopard, developed during the 1996 workshop in Vladivostok to save the Amur leopard in nature and captivity (Miquelle et al. 1996). The plan includes a detailed status report with an analysis of threats. Goals and objectives for the survival of a self-sustaining leopard population in its natural habitat are formulated. Seven key components of leopard protection are identified: 1) Research Priorities 2) Land use planning and protected area management 3) Legislation and leopard protection 4) Captive breeding 5) Reintroduction 6) Environmental education and public awareness 7) Genetic analysis of wild and captive populations.","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_et_al_1996_Workshop_in_Vladivostok_to_save_the_Amur_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2286","Looking forward to 1998","","1997 Dec ","","2AR;2CL;ecology;habitat;home range;method;Oncifelis guigna;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","1","1","Raleigh International - Field research news","","","","","","","14","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Looking_forward_to_1998.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2287","Amur leopard Protection - progress report","Hoette M;","1998 Jul ","","4CN;7SU;anti-poaching;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;poaching;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","Amsterdam","Stichting Tigris (Tigris Foundation)","English","","","","","","","This is the first progress report of Tigris Foundation about the conservation efforts for the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). In January 1998 an anti-poaching team was established. This was the first ever conservation project for this highly endangered leopard, its habitat and prey base. In this report we present the first promising results of the team. A comprehensive report, that will cover all activities in 1998 and will include a financial report, will be prepared early 1999. We have added to this repor1 an abstract of a recent survey of Amur leopard habitat in China. The survey was conducted by Russian and Chinese scientists with assistance from the Hornocker Wildlife Institute from the USA. The results indicate that there is still hope for the Amur leopard in China.","","","","","","","","Hoette_1998_Amur_leopard_Protection_-_progress_report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2288","Strategies for saving the far eastern leopard in Russia","Danilov-Danilyan VI;","1998 Aug 7 ","This draft refers to the findings presented in a conference proceeding, RefID:2295, and preceeds RefID:2291 (see also: RefID:4605)","7SU;action plan;captive breeding;captive population;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;land use;legislation;leopard;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;protected area;protected area management;public awareness;public education;reintroduction;research priorities;status;threat;threats;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","Kolonin GV;","","Vladivostok, Russia","International Conference on the Preservation of the Far Eastern Leopard Working Group","English","","","","","","","During an international conference held in Vladivostok in 1996, a group of specialists discussed the status of the Far Eastern leopard and devised a comprehensive conservation plan to ensure the survival of the Far Eastern leopard in the wild. This document is a draft approved by the Russian government, which refers to the recovery plan developed during the international conference. It constitutes the base for the development of the National Strategy for Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in Russia (Pikunov et al. 1999). The plan includes a detailed status report with an analysis of threats. Goals and objectives for the survival of a self-sustaining leopard population in its natural habitat are formulated. Seven objectives of leopard protection are identified: 1) First steps 2) Nature use in leopard habitat 3) Establishment of a network of protected areas 4) Captive breeding 5) Reintroduction 6)  Monitoring of leopard numbers and habitat conditions 7) Environmental education and public awareness.","","","","","","","","Danilov-Danilyan_1998_Strategies_for_saving_the_far_eastern_leopard_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2289","Amur leopard Protection - progress report June 1999","Hoette M;","1999 Jun ","","7SU;anti-poaching;compensation program;conservation;conservation strategy;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;poaching;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","Amsterdam","Tigris Foundation (Stichting Tigris)","English","","","","","","","This is the second progress report of Tigris Foundation, about our conservation projects for the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). In this report we present our results for 1998 and the first quarter of 1999. The anti-poaching team for the protection of the Amur leopard got off to a very successful start. In the first 16 months a total of 56 rifles were confiscated from poachers in Khasan, the region where most of the surviving Amur leopards live. Poaching has been brought down to a level where it no longer forms a serious threat to the leopards and the ungulate populations on which they feed. At present a full-color educational book about the Amur leopard is being published. It will be distributed to schoolchildren in Khasan. In February 1998 the leopard team assisted in a count organized by the Hornocker Wildlife Institute and Russian scientists. The results provide grounds for optimism. A total of 40-44 leopards and 14-18 tigers were counted. Before this count it was believed that only about 30 leopards and 8 tigers were resident in the area.","","","","","","","","Hoette_1999_Amur_leopard_Protection_-_progress_report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2290","Amur leopard Protection - Annual progress report August 2000","Hoette M;","2000 Aug ","","7SU;anti-poaching;compensation program;conservation;conservation strategy;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;poaching;public education;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","Amsterdam","Tigris Foundation (Stichting Tigris)","English","","","","","","","This is the third progress report of Tigris Foundation about the conservation projects for the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). In 1996 experts from all over the world conferred in Vladivostok to discuss the conservation of the Amur leopard. The conference produced an impressive conservation plan that covered, among other things, anti-poaching, research, habitat protection, education and land-use planning. The programme had only two major draw-backs: there were no funds and no organizational structure available for its implementation. As a result many participants were sceptical, fearing it would turn out to be a mere 'paper tiger'. None of the participants could have dreamed at that it would take only four years to implement most components.This report provides an up-date on the field projects for the Amur leopard, including:1. the anti-poaching team, 2. the compensation programme, 3. education projects, 4. a newly established forest fire-fighting team, 5. Amur leopard monitoring.","","","","","","","","Hoette_2000_Amur_leopard_Protection_-_progress_report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2291","Strategy for conservation of the far eastern leopard in Russia","Pikunov DG;Abramov VK;Korkishko VG;Aramilev VV;Arzhanova TD;Karakin VP;Fomenko PV;Yudin VG;Lukarevsky VS;Nikolaev IG;","1999  ","This document is the final endorsed version of the Strategy for Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard, following the documents RefID:2295, 4605 and 2288.","7RU;action plan;analysis;captive breeding;captive population;CCT;cct_ap;conference;conservation;distribution;education;genetic analysis;habitat;land use;legislation;leopard;management;monitoring;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;protected area;protected area management;public awareness;recovery;reintroduction;research priorities;status;subspecies;survival;threat;threats;WWF;","IN FILE","1","30","","","","","","","Kolonin GV;Krever VG;Matyushkin EN;","","Moscow - Vladivostok","WWF","English","","","","","","","The Far Eastern leopard Panthera pardus orientalis is recognized as a critically endangered subspecies. During an international conference held in Vladivostok in 1996, a group of specialists discussed the status of the Far Eastern leopard and devised a comprehensive conservation plan to ensure the survival of the Far Eastern leopard in the wild (Miquelle et al. 1996). This plan was adapted and approved by the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Environmental Protection in 1998 (Danilov-Danilyan 1998). The present plan is the final version approved by the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Environmental Protection and includes a detailed status report with an analysis of threats. Goals and objectives for the survival of a self-sustaining leopard population in its natural habitat are formulated. Seven objectives of leopard protection are identified: 1) First steps 2) Nature use in leopard habitat 3) Establishment of a network of protected areas 4) Captive breeding 5) Reintroduction 6)  Monitoring of leopard numbers and habitat conditions 7) Environmental education and public awareness.","","","","","","","","Pikunov_et_al_1999_Strategy_for_conservation_of_the_far_eastern_leopard_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2292","Unexpected study yields data on mystery cat","","1991 Jul ","","behavior;capture;diet;Oncifelis geoffroyi;trade;","IN FILE","","","National Geographic","","","","","","","","Washington, D.C.","National Geographic Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Unexpected_study_yields_data_on_mystery_cat.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2293","New study indicates far eastern leopards at critically low levels in Russian Far East - Emergency measures necessary to save population numbering less than 30","Zobor KG;","2000 Sep 1 ","","7SU;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;population size;status;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zobor_2000_New_study_indicates_far_eastern_leopards_at_critically_low_levels_in_Russian_far_east.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2294","Africa's smallest feline - the Black-footed Cat","Sliwa A;","1998  ","","1ZA;behavior;Felis nigripes;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","10","13","Endangered Wildlife","","","","28","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sliwa_1998_Black-footed_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2295","A recovery plan for conservation of the far eastern leopard - Results of an international conference held in Vladivostok, Pormorski Krai, Russia, October 28 - November 1, 1996","","1996  ","This plan is the base of the national strategy for leopard conservation developed by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for the Protection of the Environment, RefID:2291 (see also: RefID's:2288, 4605)","7SU;action plan;Amur leopard;captive breeding;captive population;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;Far East;genetics;habitat;land use;legislation;leopard;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;protected area;protected area management;public awareness;public education;recovery;Recovery plan;reintroduction;status;subspecies;threat;threats;","IN FILE","1","81","","","","","","","Miquelle DG;Arzhanova TD;Solkin VA;","","","USAID/ WWF/ EPT Project","English","","","","","","","The Far Eastern leopard Panthera pardus orientalis is recognized as a critically endangered subspecies. During an international conference held in Vladivostok in 1996, a group of specialists discussed the status of the Far Eastern leopard and devised a comprehensive conservation plan to ensure the survival of the Far Eastern leopard in the wild. This plan is the foundation upon which a national strategy for leopard conservation was developed by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for the Protection of the Environment. The plan includes a detailed status report with an analysis of threats. Goals and objectives for the survival of a self-sustaining leopard population in its natural habitat are formulated. Seven key components of leopard protection are identified: 1) Research Priorities 2) Land use planning and protected area management 3) Legislation and leopard protection 4) Captive breeding 5) Reintroduction 6) Environmental education and public awareness 7) Genetic analysis of wild and captive populations. Conservation plans for each component are presented in the report, including goals/objectives, recovery steps, timetables, responsible organizations, and budget.","","","","","","","","Miquelle_et_al_1996_Recovery_plan_for_conservation_of_the_far_eastern_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2296","Zur Ökologie des Luchses Lynx lynx im Verlauf seiner Wiederansiedlung in den Walliser Alpen- Ecology of the lynx (Lynx lynx) during its re-introduction in the Valais, Swiss Alps","Haller H;","1992  ","with English summary","8CH;Alps;cage trap;capture;ecology;food consumption;foraging behavior;home range;Lynx lynx;poaching;predation;predator-prey;reintroduction;spatial organization;telemetry;trap;Valais;","IN FILE","1","62","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","Beiheft (Suppl.)","","","","","Mammalia depicta - Beih.Z.Saeugetierk.","German","","","","","","","The former population of the lynx disappeared in the Valais due to persecution during the 19th century; since 1976, however, the species has been recorded again following its secret re-introduction. Between 1985 and 1986 6 lynx were captured, equipped with radio collars and tracked; 840 daily locations and 80 kills provided information on the status of the population, its home range characteristics and its feeding ecology. In the last few years, the spatial behavior of the lynx has changed as a result of changes in the prey populations as the latter adapted to the new predator. As well as showing an improved anti-predator behavior, the population of chamois decrease in the area from approx. 800 to 300-400 animals. This resulted in the need for an enlarged range, and the lynx killed subsequently both, chamois and roe deer. As a consequence, the impact of the lynx on the prey populations diminished considerably.","","","-32676  ","","","","","Haller_1992_Zur_Oekologie_des_Luchses_im_Verlauf_seiner_Wiederansiedlung_in_den_Walliser_Alpen.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2297","Feature Feline - Fishing cat","","1997 Oct ","","coloration;fishing;habitat;home range;measurement;Prionailurus viverrina;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Fishing_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JFULL","2298","El Lince Iberico - Ecología y comportamiento alimenticios en el Coto Doñana, Huelva- Feeding ecology and behaviour of the Spanish lynx in the Coto Doñana, Huelva (Spain)","Delibes M;","1980  ","Spanish","8ES;behavior;diet;ecology;feeding;Huelva;hunting behavior;Lynx pardinus;predator-prey;prey availability;prey selection;","IN FILE","1","128","Donana, Acta Vertebrata: Numero Especial","","","","7","","","3","Sevilla","","Spanish","","","","","","","The present study, carried out in the Reserva Biológica de Doñana (Huelva) from February 1973 to October 1976, endeavours to give information on the following aspects of its biology: - Food: importance of the different preys; seasonal variations; evolution of the trophic diversity, etc. - Factors influencing the diet: prey selection; prey availability, etc. - Influence of predation on prey populations. - Hunting techniques and prey utilisation. - Comparison of the said aspects with the knowledges on other felids, particularly of the genus Lynx. Thus, 1537 droppings, collected in Doñana, were analysed, and several preys, found in the field short time after being killed and/or devoured by the predator, were autopsied. The results of the analysis fo faeces have been corrected according to the relation between the number of consumed preys and their frequency of occurrence in the droppings of a captive lynx.","","","","","","","","Delibes_1980_El_lince_Iberico_-_Ecologia_y_comportamiento_alimenticios_en_el_Coto_Donana_Huelva.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2299","Place du lynx dans les écosystèmes européens essai de synthèse","Pfeffer P;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;ecology;ecosystem;Lynx lynx;predator-prey;","IN FILE","7","16","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The main interest of the Lynx Colloquium held in Strasbourg from October 4 till October 7, is to have brought together for the first time specialists in all disciplines and from all the countries West of the USSR, where the lynx still lives naturally or has recently been reintroduced. From the confrontation between their experiments and observations as well as from that between successful and unsuccessful reintroductions, one may draw conclusions as to a certain number of issues which have not been clarified yet, like the biology of this animal, the study of which started only a decade ago.","","","","","","","","Pfeffer_1979_Place_du_lynx_dans_les_ecosystemes_europeens.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2300","Le lynx et sa biologie en PologneThe lynx and its biology in PolandDer Luchs und seine Biologie in Polen","Matuszewski G;Suminski P;","1979 Nov ","English and German summary","7PL;biology;diet;ecology;habitat;home range;Lynx lynx;spatial organization;territory marking;","IN FILE","17","31","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Matuszewiski_&_Suminski_1979_Le_lynx_et_sa_biologie_en_Pologne.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2301","La réintroduction d'animaux sauvage en Pologne et ses bases biologiquesReintroduction of wild animals in Poland and its biological basesDie Reintrokudtion von Wildtieren in Polen und ihre biologischen Grundlagen","Pielowski Z;","1979 Nov ","English and German summary","7PL;ecology;human impact;Lynx lynx;population trend;reintroduction;","IN FILE","33","40","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pielowski_1979_La_reintroduction_d_animaux_sauvages_en_Pologne_et_ses_bases_biologiques.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2302","Le lynx dans la péninsule ibérique - répartition et régression, prédationThe lynx in ther Iberian Peninsula - distribution and regression, predationDer Luchs auf der Iberischen Halbinsel - Verteilung und Regression, Beute","Delibes M;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8ES;diet;distribution;ecology;hunting behavior;Lynx pardinus;predation;","IN FILE","41","57","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","In the past the lynx inhabited all over Iberia. Today there remain 4 or 5 population concentrations of relative importance (Sierras de Gata and Malca Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena, Doñana and Sierras in Southern Portugal) and some very small isolated populations. The main reasons for its disappearance are changes in biotopes, direct hunting by man, involuntary and frequent captures by rabbit trapts and myxomatosis, which reduced the populations of its mayor prey species. At Doñana the lynx mostly feeds on rabbits (65 to 90% of preys consumed during the year) as well as on Anatidae (especially during the spring and winter) and on Cervidae (especially in autumn and winter).","","","","","","","","Delibes_1979_Le_lynx_dans_la_peninsule_iberique.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2304","Rôle de l'information et de l'animation dans la réintroduction du lynxThe role of information and animation with regard to the reintroduction of the LynxDie Rolle der Information und der Animation in der Reintroduktion des luchses","Novakova E;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","community involvement;human dimension;Lynx lynx;public attitude;public education;reintroduction;","IN FILE","63","70","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The reintroduction of the lynx in its former habitats represents a profitable intervention in the structure and function of biocoenoses, provided that it is done with sufficient theoretical and practical competence, according to a wide ecological and economical point of view, and provided on meets with an informed public.","","","","","","","","Novakova_1979_Role_de_l_information_et_de_l_animation_dans_la_reintroduction_du_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2305","La réintroduction du lynx dans les Alpes orientalesReintroduction of the Lynx in the Eastern AlpsDie Reintroduktion de Luchses in die Ostalpen","Festetics A;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8AT;Alps;ecological impact;ecology;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","71","80","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","Tracking of the lynxes reintroduced in Styria was done with radio transmitters fastened on the animals, by organizing a network of informers and finally by following tracks in the snow. Tracking, which allows one to make maps of shelters and marking sites as well as to determine their winter home range and to reconstruct the attacks, is by far the most valuable one among these three methods. Once reintroduced, the lynx is not able to restore the equilibrium of disturbed biocoenoses of the forest. Neither can it contribute to the control of a population, nor exterminate it. It merely exercises a real selection eliminating mainly sick animals and thus it helps maintaining game that is really wild.","","","","","","","","Festetics_1979_La_reintroduction_de_lynx_dans_les_Alpes_orientales.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2306","La réintroduction du lynx dans le canton d'ObwaldenReintroduction of the Lynx in the Obwalden Canton Die Reintroduktion des Luchses in den Kanton Oberwalden","Lienert L;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8CH;Alps;ecological impact;Lynx lynx;Obwalden;reintroduction;","IN FILE","81","88","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","In 1970/1971 two pairs of lynxes were reintroduced in the Obwalden Canton and shortly thereafter observations of females with young were made, showing great promise of a successful reintroduction. The lynx is above all a lonely animal, which shows a predelection for conifer forests and mixed forests on rocky slopes. It plays a selective part and eliminates mainly sick and weak animals. Its impact on domestic animals should be negligible because of the recent growth of wild ungulate populations. Moreover, by breaking up large concentrations, the lynx can contribute to the decrease of game damage.","","","","","","","","Lienert_1979_La_reintroduction_du_lynx_dans_le_canton_d_Obwalden.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2307","Une tentative de réintroduction du lynx dans le parc national du Grand ParadisAn attempt to reintrduce the Lynx in the National Park of the Gran Paradiso (Italy)Ein Versuch der Reintroduktion des Luchses in den Nationalpark 'Gran Paradiso' (Italien)","Boitani L;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8IT;Gran Paradiso;Lynx lynx;telemetry;reintroduction;","IN FILE","89","94","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","In 1975 two male Lynxes, which came from the Ostrava Zoo and had been fitted with radio-collars, were released in the Val Savaranche in the National Park of the Gran Paradiso. During one month they were followed every day by radio tracking, which revealed their activities by night. Then the animals got out of sight, which suggested they went on a long distance migration. One of the two Lynxes, however, was found 9 months later 90 km from the spot where it had been released. A large number of animals with a balanced sex ratio, which have been kept in quarantine in special enclosures before being released, should permit a successful reestablishment of the Lynx in its former territory.","","","","","","","","Boitani_1979_Une_tentative_de_reintroduction_du_lynx_dans_le_parc_national_du_Grand_Paradis_Italie.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2308","Le lynx dans la forêt de BavièreThe lynx in the Bavarian forestDer Luchs im Bayerischen Wald","Wotschikowsky U;","1979 Nov ","English and German summary","8DE;Bavarian Forest;diet;forest;Lynx lynx;mortality;population size;population trend;reintroduction;status;","IN FILE","95","101","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wotschikowsky_1979_Le_lynx_dans_la_foret_de_Baviere.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2309","Le projet lynx en SlovénieLynx Project in SloweniaProject 'Luchs' in Slowenien","Cop J;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","7SI;distribution;Lynx lynx;method;project;reintroduction;spatial organization;","IN FILE","103","114","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The Lynxes reintroduced in Slovenia in March 1973 were animals captured in Czechoslovakia, which had been kept in the Ostrava Zoo. Then they were detained in quarantine and placed by pairs into latticed boxes set up on the very spot where the release was to take place. Every evening they were fed various carcasses from dead game or domestic animals, about 2 kg per day. The release took place 46 days later. Tracking of the animals was done by organizing a network for the collection of data, mainly with the help of hunters and foresters. These surveys thus enabled one to follow the extension of the area of distribution from the site of release, and to get an idea of the annual reproduction and food supplies.","","","","","","","","Cop_1979_Le_projet_lynx_en_Slovenie.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2310","Pour et contre le lynxFor and against lynxFür und wider den Luchs","Cop J;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","7SI;Balkan;human-predator conflict;Lynx lynx;public attitude;reintroduction;","IN FILE","115","117","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The author relates his own experience about lynx reintroduction. He tells the negative and positive reactions of people towards it and presents arguments for it.","","","","","","","","Cop_1979_Pour_et_contre_le_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2311","Evolution et statut du lynx en FranceEvolution and status of the Lynx in FranceEvolution and Statut des Luchses in Frankreich","Kempf C;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;evolution;extinction;Lynx lynx;natural history;status;threat;","IN FILE","119","138","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","The lynx has become rarer over the last centuries. In France, it disappeared from the plains during the 16th century and withdrew to the mountains, where it died out as a result of the shrinking of forest areas, hunting and poison and possibly also a general scarcity of food. It disappeared from the Vosges mountains in the 18th century, from the Jura mountains in 1885, from the Massif Central in 1875, and from the Alps between 1930 and 1945; a small number of survivors, whose population is at present expanding, remained in the Pyrénées. The ecology of the species together with its reintroduction in various neighboring countries, make it possible to estimate the present population in France between 10 and 15. Plans for a number of reintroduction experiments for this species in the Vosges and the Alps are described.","","","","","","","","Kempf_1979_Evolution_et_statut_du_lynx_en_France.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2312","Problèmes soulevés par une éventuelle réintroduction du lynx dans les VosgesProblems raised by a possible reintroduction of the Lynx in the VosgesDurch eine eventuelle Reintroduktion des Luchses in die Vogesen aufgeworfene Probleme","Fernex M;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;Lynx lynx;predator-human conflict;reintroduction;status;Vosges;","IN FILE","139","150","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fernex_1979_Problemes_souleves_par_une_eventuelle_reintroduction_du_lynx_dans_les_Vosges.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2313","Le lynx et l'épizootie rabique en FranceThe lynx and the rabic epizooty in FranceDer luchs und die Tollwutepizootie in Frankreich","Fernex M;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;epidemics;Lynx lynx;rabies;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","151","158","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","During rabic epizooties occurring in forests more than 50% of foxes are infested, whereas only 0.6% of the lynxes are caught by this disease. The form of the disease, which is predominantly paralytic, accounts for the fact that the Lynx, like other felines, is not instrumental in transmitting the rabbits in nature. As a competitor for food the lynx may have a negative impact on the fox population. As a super-predator, the lynx reduces the number of foxes in its sector and limits the incidence of the disease in its environment. Its aggressiveness towards wild cats leads to the dying out of the species, which has become the most important link between rabies occurring in forests and man, now that dogs have been vaccinated. The favorable effect of the lynx upon the rabic epizooty will limit itself to forest-clad and mountainous sectors, whereas its impact on foxes and cats in the plains will be virtually non-existent.","","","","","","","","Fernex_1979_Le_lynx_et_l_epizootie_rabique_en_France.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2314","Projet de reintroduction du lynx dans les Alpes françaisesReintroduction project of the Lynx in the French AlpsProjekt der Reintroduktion des Luchses in die französischen Alpen","Noblet M;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;Alps;feasibility study;human impact;Lynx lynx;project;reintroduction;","IN FILE","159","170","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","Of different sites under consideration for the reintroduction of the lynx in the French Pre-Alps, a comparative stury was made following three directions, which are: the physical and morphological aspects, the food resources of the environment and the influence of man. For this sturdy three sites were chosen: the 'Grande Chartreuse', 'Vercors' and 'Bauges' mountains. For these three massifs, no biological impossibility exists with regard to reintroduction. The Vercors site, however, offers the best possibilites for the spreading of the lynx.","","","","","","","","Noblet_1979_Projet_de_reintroduction_du_lynx_dans_les_Alpes_francaises.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2315","Le biotope des Vosges. Site favorable pour la réintroduction du lynx?The Vosges biotope, a favourable site for the reintroduction of the Lynx?Das Biotop der Vogesen - günstige Lage für die Reintroduktion des Luchses?","Heil E;","1979 Nov ","French. English and German summary","8FR;Alps;ecological impact;feasibility study;habitat;human dimension;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;tourism;Vosges;","IN FILE","171","179","Bulletin Mensuel de l'Office de la chasse","","","","Numéro spécial scientifique et technique","","","","","Office National de la Chasse","French","","","","","","","Man's hold over the forested mountain areas of the Vosges grows regularly: - Increased forest harvesting leads to a reduction of the biotopes for big wild mammals. - The extension of planted conifer stands in addition to the reduction of boundary strip farmland results in a deterioration of the ecosystem. - The construction of new forest roads is detrimental to the territorial organization of animal populations and the need for peace of these populations. - The expansion of the tourist trade and the high population density in the Northern part of the Vosges (90 inhabitants/km2) leads to a comparative reduction of favourable biotopes for big animals. In this context, the reintroduction of the lynx will only increase the game's anxiety and it will contribute to a steady decrease of Herbivora numbers. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative management of these populations by the hunter seems to be the best approach.","","","","","","","","Heil_1979_Le_biotope_des_Vosges_-_Site_favorable_pour_la_reintroduction_du_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2316","History of the distribution of the lynx in Europe","Kartochvíl J;Verescagin NK;Saint Girons MC;Toschi A;Atanasov N;Vala F;Kirikov SV;","1968  ","","78Eur;distribution;history;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","1","50","Acta scientiarum naturalium Academiae scientiarum bohemoslovacae - Brno","","","","2","","","4","","","English, French and German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kartochvil_et_al_1968_History_of_the_distribution_of_the_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2317","Feature Feline: Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)","","2000 Apr ","","coloration;habitat;home range;Leopardus tigrinus;measurement;Panthera pardus;reproduction;","IN FILE","7","7","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Oncilla.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2318","Distribution of the lynx in the French Alps","Stahl P;Vandel J;","1998  ","","8FR;Alps;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;Eurasian lynx;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;SCALP;status;","IN FILE","3","15","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The European lynx disappeared from the french Alps around the beginning of the 20th century. The recovery in France is due to the re-introduction in Switzerland between 1971 and 1976. From 1974 to 1994, there were 70 records. The first records were recorded in Chablais. More regular records were around the Aravis mountains. Over 20 years, a southward expansion of about 200 km has been observed but no continuous distribution area has been shown by the survey. Observations remained scattered, probably because of low observation effort in many areas. Different possibilities for connections with the Jura populations seemed to exist in the French ALps. Bauges, Chartreuse and even Salève coul have been reached by individuals originating from the Jura or from the northern Alps. If the presence of the lynx south of Grenoble in the Vercors and in the Hautes Alpes département is confirmed, expansion of the population over the whole south-east of France would be possible.","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Vandel_1998_Distribution_of_the_lynx_in_the_French_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2319","Re-introduction and present status of the lynx in Switzerland","Breitenmoser U;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Capt S;","1998  ","","8CH;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;monitoring;mortality;radio telemetry;reintroduction;SCALP;status;","IN FILE","17","30","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","A lynx recovery programme started in Switzerland in 1970. From 1970-76, at least 14 lynx were translocated from the Carpathian Mountains into the Swiss Alps. Another re-introduction took place in the Jura Mountains, but no corridors exist as a connection between these two populations in Switzerland. The development of the populations was not monitored at first. In 1980 systematic research was initiated, which gradually evolved into the Swiss Lynx Project. Not all releases were successful, but the re-introduction in the northern and western Alps founded a population that covered an area of some 4000 km2 in 1981. In the western Swiss Alps, lynx moved into Italian and French territory. Towards the eastern Swiss Alps, the expansion was slower and ceased about ten years ago. During the last five years, there even has been a reduction of the area occupied. Today, the population covers an area of about 10000 km2 in the Swiss Alps. of which 50 % is suitable lynx habitat. Based on size and overlap of average home ranges of radio-tagged lynx, the population was estimated to include some 50 adult residents. At present, the growth rate of the population appears to be too low to allow a further expansion in range. It is uncertain whether recruitment is sufficient to compensate for the high losses among resident adults induced by traffic accidents and illegal killing.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_1998_Status_of_the_lynx_in_Switzerland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2320","The lynx in the Italian Alps","Ragni B;Possenti M;Mayr S;Carrer M;Zangrando E;Catello M;Dorigatti E;Di Lorenzo M;Mosca A;Fattor M;Lombardi G;","1998  ","","8IT;Alps;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;Eurasian lynx;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;SCALP;status;","IN FILE","31","38","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Lynx lynx has spontaneously recolonized the Italian Alps, coming from the populations created by reintroductions in neighbouring countries. The study period began in 1976 with a survey carried out by Ragni, and since 1987 it has continued with a detailed monitoring programme. The first evidence of the species dates back to 1980-1982. In this work the techniques of the naturalistic method have been used to investigate the dirtribution, evidence of reproduction, and estimate the population size. In the last 15 years the area used by the lynx has progressively increased. Six reproductions have been observed. The size of the population was estimated at about 21 individuals (Central-Eastern Alps). Within the time period considered, the illegal killing of two individuals was recorded. Additionally there is some information about six other poached lynx. Livestock damage has not been reported recently.","","","-32676  ","","","","","Ragni_et_al_1998_Lynx_in_the_Italian_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2321","Status and distribution of the lynx in the German Alps","Kaczensky P;","1998  ","","8DE;Alps;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;Eurasian lynx;lynx;Lynx lynx;management;monitoring;public education;SCALP;status;","IN FILE","39","42","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The lynx (Lynx lynx) had been eradicated in the German Alps by the middle of the 19th century. Since the early 1970s there have been several attemps to initiate the re-introduction of lynx into the German Alps, but none of the projects could be carried out because of the still very controversial attitudes toward the species, and because of competition between institutions. Natural re-colonization of the German Alps by lynx can be expected sooner or later from Switzerland or Austria. Although lynx are already present in some parts of Germany outside the Alps, neither an organized monitoring system nor compensation regulations for losses of livestock exists. For a successful comeback of lynx into Germany, including the German Alps, more efforts than a year-round protection by the federal hunting law is needed. Initiative management actions and intensive public education are necessary to obtain and secure public acceptance of the lynx.","","","","","","","","Kaczensky_1998_Lynx_in_the_German_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2322","State actions for large carnivore conservation in Estonia in 2002","Mannil P;","2002  ","Abstract","7EE;action plan;Canis lupus;conservation;hunting;large carnivores;legislation;Lynx lynx;politics;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","5th Baltic Theriological Congress, Lithuania, April 2002","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mannil_2002_State_actions_for_large_carnivore_conservation_in_Estonia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2323","India Tigers","Mills S;","2001 Feb ","","4IN;distribution;observation;Panthera tigris;sighting;tourism;","IN FILE","7","9","BBC Wildlife Magazine Travel Supplement","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_2001_India_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2324","The re-introduction of the lynx in Slovenia and its present status in Slovenia and Croatia","Cop J;Frkovic A;","1998  ","","7HR;7SI;Alps;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;hunting;lynx;Lynx lynx;mortality;reintroduction;SCALP;status;","IN FILE","65","76","Hystrix","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The lynx disappeared from Slovenia and Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1973, six lynx from the Slovakian Carpathian Mountains were translocated to Kocevje in southern Slovenia. In this densely forested region where prey animals are plentiful, a core population developed immediately and spread over Slovenia and Croatia. In 1984 the first lynx reached the Julian Alps and crossed over to Italy. The population increased so fast that already in 1978, hunting of lynx was Iegalised. From 1978 to the present, a total of 229 individuals were hunted, another 48 deaths from other reasons are also known. The intense harvest hindered further expansion of the population, especially the re-colonisation of the Alps. In recent years the hunting season and the hunting quota were reduced, and in Slovenia, hunting is now restricted to the core area of the population.","","","","","","","","Cop_&_Frkovic_1998_Status_of_the_lynx_in_Slovenia_and_Croatia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2325","Africa - Lions, leopards and cheetahs","Jackman B;","2001 Feb ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;observation;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;sighting;tourism;","IN FILE","2","4","BBC Wildlife Magazine Travel Supplement","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackman_2001_Africa_Lions_Leopards_and_Cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2326","Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats- Convention relative à la conservation de la vie sauvage et du milieu naturel de l'EuropeBern / Berne, 19.IX.1979","","1995 Dec ","","78Eur;8CH;Act;Bern Convention;conservation;conservation strategy;habitat;wildlife;","IN FILE","0","34","","","","","","","","104","Strasbourg","Council of Europe","English & French","","","","","European Treaty Series / Série des traités européens","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Bern_Convention.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2327","Central and South America - Jaguars","Tapster D;","2001 Feb ","","2SAm;distribution;observation;Panthera onca;sighting;tourism;","IN FILE","11","12","BBC Wildlife Magazine Travel Supplement","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tapster_2001_American_jaguars.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2328","Le lynx boréal","Stahl P;Vandel J;","1998  ","","8FR;activity;communication;diet;food consumption;human-predator conflict;hunting behavior;legislation;life history;Lynx lynx;maternal care;morphology;population dynamics;predator-prey;reproduction;social behavior;spatial organization;spatial use;","IN FILE","0","65","","","","","","","","19","Malzeville","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères (S.F.E.P.M.)","French","","","","","Encyclopédie des Carnivores de France","Artois M;Maurin H;","This is a lynx monograph from an encyclopedia about carnivores in France. Every aspect (systematics, distribution, status, habitat, morphology, physiology, biology and human dimension) of lynx is treated here.","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Vandel_1998_Le_lynx_boreal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2329","Saving the tiger","","2000  ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;population size;population trend;trade;","IN FILE","1","2","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","11","","","1","New Delhi","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2330","Life history patterns and the comparative social ecology of carnivores","Bekoff M;Daniels TJ;Gittleman JL;","1984  ","","carnivores;comparative;ecology;Felidae;history;life history;","IN FILE","191","232","","Annu Rev Ecol Syst ","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bekoff_et_al_1984_Life_history_patterns_and_social_ecology_of_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2331","Untersuchungen zur Raumnutzung weiblicher Luchse (Lynx lynx), sowie zur Abwanderung und Mortalität ihrer Jungen im Schweizer Jura- Spatial use of female lynx, and dispersal and mortality of their offspring in the Swiss Jura","Kaczensky P;","1991 Nov ","","8CH;dispersal;female;home range;Jura;Lynx lynx;mortality;telemetry;reproduction;spatial use;","IN FILE","1","80","","","","","","","","","","Universität München","German","","","","","","","In the Swiss Jura mountains a radio telemetry study of European lynx was started in 1988, 14 years after successful reintroduction. The present study was concerned with spatial organization of female lynx focusing on the year 1990. In addition dispersal and mortality of their young was documented between 1988 and 1990. Home ranges of four adjacent female lynx did not overlap and varied in size between 65.5 and 200.0 km2. Utilization pattern of home ranges by females with young depended strongly on the reproduction cycle. During the first 6-9 weeks after parturition, when the kittens stayed at a den side, two females used an area of only 6 and 9 km2 around the den. With cubs becoming able to follow the mother, the females increased the hunting area. During the next three months (August - October) they were tracked on 18.5 and 84.5 km2., respectively. Kills made by the two females were distributed over a much smaller area (9 - 84.5 km2) than by a male (182 km2). In addition, distance between consecutive kills were much shorter for the females, than for the male (0.3 - 8.4 km versus 2.6 - 28.1 km). Differences in home range utilization pattern between female and male lynx, but also between females with and without young were obvious. Observed young mortality in the Jura was very high. Of at least 13 young from 7 litters only two were still alive in June 1991. On the average one of two cubs per litter died while still with the mother. Causes of death were mostly unknown. The remaining youngs separated from their mothers at an age of 10 - 11 months, trying to find new territories. Of four dispersing young studied, all died within the first year after separation. None of them lived long enough to reach sexual maturity. Besides spacing by exclusive home ranges and an unflexible reproduction rate, juvenile mortality seems to play an important role for population dynamics of an established population.","","","","","","","","Kaczensky_1991_Raumnutzung_weiblicher_Luchse_sowie_Abwanderung_und_Mortalitaet.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2332","Big cat poaching and seizure incidents","","2000  ","","4IN;conservation;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","2","3","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","11","","","1","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Big_cat_poaching.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2333","The National Wildlife Action Plan","Panwar HS;Sale JB;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;action plan;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;protected area;review;wildlife;area;activity;network;management;protected areas;habitat;habitat restoration;restoration;protection;species;captive breeding;breeding;education;research;monitoring;legislation;convention;","IN FILE","841","845","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","This document is a brief review of the National Wildlife Action Plan of India, which was released by late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1983. It covers a period of five years and contains ten sections, each representing a major area of activity in the wildlife field: 1) establishment of a protected area network 2) management of protected areas and habitat restoration 3) wildlife protection in multiple use areas 4) rehabilitation of endangered and threatened species 5) captive breeding programmes 6) wildlife education 7) research and monitoring 8) domestic legislation and international conventions 9) National Conservation Strategy 10) collaboration with voluntary bodies.","","","","","","","","Panwar_&_Sale_1986_National_wildlife_action_plan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2334","The role of fire in the management of wildlife habitats: A review","Rodgers WA;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;ecological impact;ecology;fire;habitat;habitat protection;management;wildlife;","IN FILE","845","857","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rodgers_1986_Role_of_fire_in_the_management_of_wildlife_habitats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2335","Animal damage: Predation on domestic livestock by large carnivores","Sawarkar VB;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;Carnivora;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predation;predator-human conflict;problem animal;","IN FILE","858","866","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sawarkar_1986_Predation_on_domestic_livestock_by_large_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2336","Reintroduction in Indian wildlife management","Sale JB;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","867","873","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sale_1986_Reintroduction_in_Indian_wildlife_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2337","Survey of public opinion for wildlife - A case study","Bahuguna VK;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;public attitude;public education;questionnaire;survey;wildlife;","IN FILE","874","880","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","Wild animals are inseparable part of the nature and are part and parcel of our religion, culture and way of life. The paper gives the results of a survey carried out, by the author, among the people of Dehra Dun and adjacent areas for ascertaning the views of the people for wildlife conservation. The results of the survey are discussed here. The results indicates that teachers and students are most interested in Wildlife Conservation. Among other classes also, due to the influence of religion, there is recognition of the role of wildlife and people are favourably inclined for the conservation of wildlife, but not always at the cost of their interests arising out of socio-economic problems.","","","","","","","","Bahuguna_1986_Survey_of_public_opinion_for_wildlife.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2338","Lessons from crocodile reintroduction projects in India","Choudhury BC;Chowdhury S;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;Crocodila;project;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;wildlife;","IN FILE","881","890","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","The paper outlines the initiation and chronological development of Indian Crocodile Conservation Projects. The progress and achievements made since 1975 in bringing back the Indian crocodilians from virtual extinction and re-establishing them in their natural protected habitats by reintroduction is discussed. While pointing out the existing problems of future reintroductions and the need for more detailed follow up monitoring of reintroduced crocodilians, the authors suggest adoption of similar 'reintroduction' strategy as a means of conservation for other endangered herpetofauna of India.","","","","","","","","Choudhury_&_Chowdhury_1986_Lessons_from_crocodile_reintroduction_projects_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2339","The management of crop damage by wild animals","Schultz B;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;compensation program;crop damage;damage by wildlife;elephant;management;wildlife;","IN FILE","891","899","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","The scale of crop damage by wildlife is briefly reviewed and it is noted that whilst the problem is widespread, and locally may attain serious proportions, there is a great paucity of factual information on the subject. Elephant damage is the most well documented. Various methods of active and preventive barriers are described and the rapidly growing technology of power fencing in Indian conditions is discussed.","","","","","","","","Schultz_1986_Management_of_crop_damage_by_wild_animals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2340","Fire in Bamboo area - lessons from Taboba National Park","Choudhury R;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;fire;habitat protection;management;Taboba National Park;","IN FILE","900","907","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","Management of fire in bamboo infested wildlife areas, particularly when bamboos flower gregariously and dry enmass, is a challenging task. Some feel that dried bamboos should be removed as speedily as possible to reduce the fire hazard, whereas others feel that bamboo even after flowering play a valuable role as shelter in wildlife habitat and as they become dry and die, they degenerate and decay as other forms of dead wood and shrub do, and should not be removed from wildlife areas as such. In Tadoba National Park in Maharashtra, the operation for extraction of dried bamboos was taken up and it was observed that, due to more emphasis being put on speedy extraction, increased interference in the form of large influx of labours, truck drivers and other people, the uncontrolled situations, the fire incidences increased. The impact of bamboo exploitation was observed on the ecology of the Park: some wildlife populations showed a decline and seasonal migrations of bisons to the Park were affected. All this happened probably due to increased disturbance which was inherent in the process of exploitation itself. Post clearing, lack of cover and dense uniform mat of regeneration of bamboos posed major problems for wildlife. A special fire protection work plan with emphasis on prompt detection of fire, speedy communication, and a means for suppression and control, as well as educating and involving people for fire protection works, was also tried in bamboo infested area of the Park during the 1984 fire season. This met with excellent results, thus dispelling the illusion that extraction of dried bamboos in the only way to save a National Park from fire.","","","","","","","","Choudhury_1986_Fire_in_Bamboo_area.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2341","Fire in the wet grassland habitats of Assam","Roy SD;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;Assam;ecosystem;fire;habitat;habitat protection;management;","IN FILE","914","918","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roy_1986_Fire_in_the_wet_grassland_habitats_of_Assam.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2342","Economic evaluation of wildlife conservation","Singh HS;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;conservation;economy;nature reserve;value;wildlife;","IN FILE","919","922","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","Creation of national parks and sanctuaries is Government's strategies and is very much necessary for qualitative development of society. Forestry and wild life sector have not got required place in Indian economy. Till now, economics of wild life conservation and its contribution to GNP have not been discussed in details. In this paper, it has been tried to quantize the minimum benefits accrued to society by wild life management in national parks and sanctuaries. Sacrificed Benefit Approach Method, which is' discussed here, gives an idea of minimum benefits 'which should be accounted as its contribution to GNP.","","","","","","","","Singh_1986_Economic_evaluation_of_wildlife_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2343","The reintroduction of pheasants in India","Young L;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;Catreus wallichi;conservation;pheasant;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","923","925","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Young_1986_Reintroduction_of_pheasants_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2344","Fire fighting in India's wildlife areas today","Sawarkar VB;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;ecosystem;fire;habitat protection;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","926","932","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sawarkar_1986_Fire_fighting_in_Indias_wildlife_areas_today.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2345","Impact of fire on wildlife ecology in two dry deciduous forests in south India","Johnsingh AJT;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;ecology;ecosystem;fire;forest;habitat protection;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","933","938","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1986_Impact_of_fire_on_wildlife_ecology.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2346","The re-introduction of large cats into wildlife protected areas","Panwar HS;Rodgers WA;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;captive breeding;conservation;conservation strategy;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;problem animal;reintroduction;wildlife;","IN FILE","939","944","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Panwar_&_Rodgers_1986_Reintroduction_of_large_cats_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2347","Attitude barriers to ecodevelopment and people's participation","Berkmueller K;","1986 Oct ","","4IN;community involvement;ecodevelopment;public attitude;barrier;","IN FILE","949","953","","","Indian Forester","","112 - Special Issue on Wildlife Management","","","10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berkmuller_1986_Attitude_barriers_to_ecodevelopment_and_peoples_participation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2348","Huge Haulsin Ghaziabad and Khaga","","2000  ","","4IN;illegal trade;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;poaching;trade;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","4","4","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","11","","","1","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Huge_Haulsin_Ghaziabad_and_Khaga.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2349","Tiger poaching data","","1999  ","","Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","2","2","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","1","","","1","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Tiger_poaching_data.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2350","Wildlife crime database","","1999  ","","conservation;Elephas maximus;poaching;trade;wildlife;","IN FILE","2","3","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","1","","","1","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Wildlife_crime_database.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2351","Wildlife on the move","","1999  ","","4IN;4NP;Aves;Panthera tigris;trade;wildlife;zoo;","IN FILE","5","7","WPSI Warden Alert","","","","1","","","1","New Dehli","Wildlife Protection Society of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Wildlife_on_the_move.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2352","Priority Activities to improve territorial protection of the Far Eastern LeopardSession 1.Managing Leopard Habitat in SW Primorski Krai","Darman YA;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;activity;conservation;habitat;habitat protection;leopard;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;public attitude;","IN FILE","4","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","A detailed strategy plan with straight goals like the optimization of the existing system of protected territories, the provision of priority for leopard protection on unprotected lands, the provision of a unified environmental policy of Russia and China and the preparation of protected territories in the area of former leopard ranges.","","","","","","","","Darman_2001_Territorial_protection_of_the_Far_Eastern_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2353","Optimization of nature use regime in the Amur leopard habitatsSession 1.Managing Leopard Habitat in SW Primorski Krai","Korkishko VG;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","conservation;habitat;habitat protection;habitat requirements;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;","IN FILE","10","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Korkishko_2001_Nature_use_in_Amur_leopard_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2354","Analysis of the status of the Far Eastern leopard population in Southwest Primorski Krai, Russian Far East in 2001Session 1.Managing Leopard Habitat in SW Primorski Krai","Pikunov DG;Abramov VK;Korkishko VG;Nikolaev IG;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;population trend;status;","IN FILE","17","19","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Pikunov_et_al_2001_Status_of_far_eastern_leopard_in_Primorski_Krai.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2355","Proposal for habitat protectionSession 1.Managing Leopard Habitat in SW Primorski Krai","Abramov VK;Zapovednik U;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;habitat;habitat protection;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","20","20","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Abramov_&_Zapovednik_2001_Amur_leopard_habitat_protection.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2356","Comments and Proposals for a discussion on Far Eastern leopard protectionSession 1.Managing Leopard Habitat in SW Primorski Krai","Lukarevsky VS;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","21","24","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Lukarevsky_2001_Amur_leopard_protection.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2357","Potential for the captive population of far eastern leopards to support recovery of wild leopard populations in the Russian Far EastSession 3. Management of the Captive Population","Arzhanova TD;Christie S;Shoemaker AH;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;captive population;conservation;genetics;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;reintroduction;","IN FILE","25","28","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","Amur or Far Eastern leopards are held in zoos in Europe (including Russia), North America, North Korea, Japan, China and Indonesia. There are active management plans and studbooks for these leopards in Europe / Russia (the EEP) and in North America (the PMP). Some of the remaining leopards in the Asian zoos might be useful breeders, but none of them are currently part of any managed programme. With the possible exception of the leopards held in Japan, it appears unlikely that this situation will change.Managed captive populations of this (or any other) taxon can support the conservation of their wild conspecifics in four ways: generation of awareness and education; generation of funds; generation of useful information and skills; and of course the conservation of a representative gene pool as a hedge against extinction in the wild. The gene pool is covered first, and in most detail, here as it is of great importance for this cat.","","","","","","","","Arzhanova_et_al_2001_Amur_leopard_captive_population.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2358","Importance of deer farms to the economy of the county and kraiSession 4. Management of Deer Farms","Nesmachnyi YA;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;deer;deer farm;economy;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","29","30","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Nesmachnyi_2001_Deer_farm_importance_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2359","Problems of deer farms in Southwest PrimoryeSession 4. Management of Deer Farms","Karakin VP;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;agriculture;conservation;deer;deer farm;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;Primorye;","IN FILE","31","34","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Karakin_2001_Deer_farms_in_southwest_Primorye.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2360","Organizational and Economic Status of Deer Farms in Khasankii RaionSession 4. Management of Deer Farms","Bereznyuk S;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;deer;deer farm;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;status;","IN FILE","35","35","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Bereznuyuk_2001_Deer_farms_in_Khasankii_Raion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2361","Reintroduction of the Far Eastern Leopard into the Southern Sikhote-AlinSession 5. Reintroduction of Far Eastern Leopards - Creation of a second Population","Aramilev VV;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;reintroduction;Sikhote-Alin;","IN FILE","36","38","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","It is difficult to secure the long-term conservation of this subspecies of leopard without development of a second population of Far Eastern leopards in the Russian Far East. The rationale for creation of a second leopard population in southern Sikhote-Alin is the historical distribution of leopards in this region, and information on persistence of animals in the present, based on interviews of local people. For the reintroduction to be successful, we have to answer one fundamental question: why did the leopard disappear from the southern Sikhote-Alin in the middle of the previous century?","","","","","","","","Aramilev_2001_Amur_leopard_reintroduction_in_Sikhote-Alin.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2362","Realization scope of the program for Amur leopard reintroduction in the Russian Far EastSession 5. Reintroduction of Far Eastern Leopards - Creation of a second Population","Aramilev VV;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;captive population;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;reintroduction;","IN FILE","39","42","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","Without creation of the second population of Amur leopard in the Russian Far East, it is difficult to reckon on long-term protection of this subspecies in the world fauna. The proposal on restoration of Sikhote-Alin leopard population was formulated by D.G. Pikunov already in 1976. Long-term leopard inhabiting the territory and unchecked interview data about meetings leopard on this area at present can serve as a basis for creation of the second leopard population within South Sikhote-Alin.","","","","","","","","Aramilev_2001_Amur_leopard_reintroduction_in_Russian_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2363","Reintroduction is the way to save the Far Eastern Leopard in the WildSession 5. Reintroduction of Far Eastern Leopards - Creation of a second Population","Yudin VG;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;population;reintroduction;","IN FILE","43","44","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Yudin_2001_Amur_leopard_reintroduction.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2364","International Co-operationSession 6. International Cooperation","Hoette M;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","45","48","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","The range of the Amur leopard population covers the territories of at least 3 countries. The Amur leopard can only be saved from extinction by a significant collaborative effort by the authorities from these countries in co-operation with international NGOs. This paper focuses on the co-operation between international NGOs. An international NGOs is defined as an NGO that finances projects in several countries or raises funds mainly outside the country where projects are implemented. - Not one single international NGO is equipped to cover all necessary aspects of Amur leopard conservation. Differences in knowledge, experience, interests, network and financial contributions make co-operation an absolute must. This paper provides: * An overview of international co-operation * Problems limiting the extend and effectiveness of international co-operation * Proposal for solutions to improve international co-operation","","","","","","","","Hoette_2001_International_cooperation_in_Amur_leopard_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2365","Importance of hunting leases for Far Eastern Leopard conservationSession 7. Hunting Management and Anti-poaching","Vasilev VY;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;anti-poaching;conservation;hunting (by human);hunting management;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","49","50","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Vasilev_2001_Hunting_leases_for_Amur_leopard_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2366","A Non-Traditional aspect of Amur leopard conservation activitiesSession 7. Hunting Management and Anti-poaching","Martynov A;Kuznetzov EA;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;activity;anti-poaching;conservation;hunting (by human);hunting management;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;trapping;","IN FILE","51","53","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Martynov_&_Kuznetsov_2001_Amur_leopard_conservation_activities.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2367","The use of traps in Far Eastern Leopard habitatSession 7. Hunting Management and Anti-poaching","Minkov SI;Kuznetzov EA;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;anti-poaching;conservation;habitat;hunting (by human);hunting management;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;trap;trapping;","IN FILE","54","55","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Minkov_&_Kuznetzov_2001_Trap_use_in_Amur_leopard_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2368","Preliminary results of Anti-Poacher activities for the operation Group 'Tiger Volunteer' in Kedrovya Pad ReserveSession 7. Hunting Management and Anti-poaching","Shaitarov SV;","2001  ","in: Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","7RU;activity;anti-poaching;conservation;hunting (by human);hunting management;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;","IN FILE","56","56","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in the Wild: A Workshop to adress key issues in Russia, and Northeast China","","","","","","","","","","Shaitarov_2001_Anti-poaching_activities.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2369","Lion Monitoring Progress Report for the Tusk Trust - February 1998","","1998  ","","1NA;conservation;monitoring;mortality;Panthera leo;population size;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Lion_monitoring_progress_report.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2370","Lynx - Le temps du retour","Adam E;","1988  ","","habitat;history;human-predator conflict;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;","IN FILE","72","81","Terre sauvage","","","","17","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Adam_1988_Lynx_-_Le_temps_du_retour.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2371","The Dancing Lions","Feltham H;","2001  ","","history;Panthera leo;religion;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Feltham_2001_Dancing_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2372","The tiger of Myanmar","Shepherd M;","1997  ","","4BU;conservation;Myanmar;National Park;Panthera tigris;poaching;religion;trade;","IN FILE","10","11","Wildlife Matters","","","","11","","","","","David Shepherd Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shepherd_1997_The_tiger_of_Myanmar.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2373","Lion talk, with a twang","Bowman L;","2000  ","","Panthera leo;roaring;vocalisation;","IN FILE","","","Knoxnews","","","","","","","","","Scripps Howard News Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bowman_2000_Lion_talk_with_a_twang.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2374","What do we know about lions?","Kat P;","","","1Afr;mating;Panthera leo;reproduction;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kat_-_What_do_we_know_about_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2375","Fatal lion attacks on local people in the Luangwa Valley, Eastern Zambia","Yamazaki K;Bwalya T;","1999  ","","1ZM;attack on human;lion;Luangwa Valley;maneater;Panthera leo;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","19","21","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","29","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","We recorded three fatal attacks of lions Panthera leo on local people in the Luangwa Valley, eastern Zambia. Two of the three likely perpetrators, an adult female and a subadult male were shot. Data on the range use of this small pride and other large neighbouring prides, showed that the large prides mostly ranged within a national park. The small pride kept away from the large prides, and mostly set their range in a game management area which includes a densely human populated area. Such a situation increases the chances of conflicting encounters between lions and local people.","","","","","","","","Yamazaki_&_Bwalya_1999_Fatal_lion_attacks_on_local_people_in_Zambia.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","2376","Born black - The melanistic Tiger in India","Singh LAK;","1999  ","","4IN;coloration;conservation;evolution;genetics;history;melanism;Panthera tigris;white tiger;","IN FILE","1","66","","","","","","","","","New Dehli","WWF for Nature-India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1999_Born_black_-_The_melanistic_Tiger_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2377","Subspeciation of lions - another controversy","Ebedes H;","1998  ","","DNA;genetic analysis;Panthera leo;subspecies;","IN FILE","11","11","Safari Times Africa","","","","","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ebedes_1998_Subspeciation_of_lions_-_another_controversy.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2378","History of a man-eating lioness","Nowell K;Scheepers L;Brain C;","","","history;maneater;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowell_et_al_-_History_of_a_man-eating_lioness.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2379","Complex Cooperative Strategies in Group-Territorial African Lions","Heinsohn R;Packer C;","1996  ","","African lion;behaviour;group living;Panthera leo;social system;vocalisation;","IN FILE","1260","1262","Science","","","","269","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Female lions (Panthera leo) showed persistent individual differences in the extent to which they participated in group-territorial conflict. When intergroup encounters were simulated by playback of aggressive vocalizations, some individuals consistently led the approach to the recorded intruder, whereas others lagged behind and avoided the risks of fighting. The lead females recognized that certain companions were laggards but failed to punish them, which suggests that cooperation is not maintained by reciprocity. Modification of the 'odds' in these encounters revealed that some females joined the group response when they were most needed, whereas other lagged even farther behind. The complexity of these responses emphasizes the great diversity of individual behavior in this species and the inadequacy of current theory to explain cooperation in large groups.","","","","","","","","Heinsohn_&_Packer_1995_Group-territorial_African_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2380","Cowardly Lions Confound Cooperation Theory","Morell V;","1995 Sep ","","1TZ;behavior;cooperation;game theory;hunting behavior;lion;Panthera leo;Serengeti;social behavior;social organization;territorial behaviour;","IN FILE","1216","1217","Science","","","","269","","","5228","","","English","","","","","","","The existence of true lionhearts and cowardly lions is not what has scientists excited but it's the lion's consistency. Lionhearted individuals are always brave, putting their lives on the line to defend their pride's territory, even if they are forced time and again to share defensive duties with coward. And that throws a big monkey whrench into a classic explanation for the evolution of cooperative behavior in a selfish, dog-eat-dog (or lion-eat-gazelle) world.","","","","","","","","Morell_1995_Cowardly_lions_confound_cooperation_theory.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2381","Is there justification for subspeciation in lionsProceedings of a Symposium on Lions and Leopards as Game Ranch Animals Onderstepoort 24-25 October","Ebedes H;","1997  ","","1ZA;breeding;genetic analysis;hunting (by human);Panthera leo;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ebedes_1997_Is_there_justification_for_subspeciation_in_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2382","Indonesia Memulai Proyek Tentang Harimau Sumatera - Indonesia Starts Sumatran Tiger Program","Tilson RL;","1993  ","","4ID;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","","","Tiger Beat","","","","6","","","1","","AAZPA Tiger SSP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_1993_Indonesia_starts_Sumatran_tiger_program.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2383","Tiger Captive Breeding Facility","Manansang J;Brady G;Tilson RL;","1993  ","","breeding;captive breeding;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","9","9","Tiger Beat","","","","6","","","1","","AAZPA Tiger SSP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Manansang_et_al_1993_Tiger_captive_breeding_facility.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2384","Tiger Immobilizations","Armstrong D;Seal US;","1993  ","","immobilization;immobilizing;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;","IN FILE","12","12","Tiger Beat","","","","6","","","1","","AAZPA Tiger SSP","English","","","","","","","Veterinary staff attended tiger immobilization training sessions focusing on proper animal health procedures for medical treatment, immobilizations, immunizations, evaluations, and health maintenance. Animal physical examinations (four males, one female) included permanent tattooing of each animal with a temporary studbook number and placement of a transponder as a backup identification system.","","","","","","","","Armstrong_&_Seal_1993_Tiger_immobilizations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2385","Reproductive Evaluation Procedures","Byers A;Johnston L;Wildt D;","1993  ","","breeding;captive breeding;evaluation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;reproduction;","IN FILE","13","13","Tiger Beat","","","","6","","","1","","AAZPA Tiger SSP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Byers_et_al_1993_Reproductive_evaluation_procedures.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2386","Indonesian Regional Sumatran Tiger studbook","Brady G;Tumbelaka L;Traylor-Holzer K;","1993  ","","4ID;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Studbook;","IN FILE","14","16","Tiger Beat","","","","6","","","1","","AAZPA Tiger SSP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brady_et_al_1993_Indonesian_Regional_Sumatran_Tiger_studbook.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2387","Serengeti Lion survey","Packer C;","1990  ","","1TZ;activity;distribution;Panthera leo;population;research;Serengeti;survey;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_1990_Serengeti_lion_survey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2388","Locomotion in terrestrial mammals: the influence of body mass, limb length and bone proportions on speed","Christiansen P;","2002  ","","allometry;Artiodactyla;body mass;bone;Carnivora;Felidae;limb;Mammalia;phylogeny;running speed;","IN FILE","685","714","Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society","","","","136","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Traditionally a few limb proportions or total limb lengths have been regarded as indicative of peak running velocity. This is due to physical principles (inferred in- and outvelocities around the joints, stride lengths) and also the observation that fast-moving animals tend to share a number of purported key features which are either absent or not developed to near the same extent in slower moving forms. Previous studies have shown hind limb length and metatarsus/femur ratio to be correlated significantly, albeit modestly with running speed. These studies have nearly all been bivariate analyses. Based on the physical principles, there is reason to suppose that more variables than just m/f ratio could be important as adaptations for fast locomotion, and also that bivariate analyses are too simple. In this study a sample of 76 running mammals was used, with running speeds taken from literature. A number of osteological parameters were discovered to covary significantly with peak running speed, albeit only modestly. Using the information from phylogeny reduced all correlations, often significantly so. Multivariate analyses resulted in markedly higher correlation coefficients. Animals probably do not optimize their anatomy for the purpose of running very fast, which occurs only on rare occasions, but for reducing costs of locomotion.","","","","","","","","Christiansen_2002_Locomotion_in_terrestrial_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2389","Social variation of lions in a male-depopulated area in Zambia","Yamazaki K;","1996  ","","1ZM;hunting behavior;intraspecific variation;Luangwa Valley;Panthera leo;population;telemetry;reproduction;social system;","IN FILE","490","497","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","60","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamazaki_1996_Social_variation_of_Lions_in_Zambia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2390","Panthera leo","Ansell WFH;Dowsett RJ;","1988  ","","distribution;habitat;Panthera leo;taxonomy;","IN FILE","67","67","","","","","","Mammals of Malawi","","","Cornwall","Trendline Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ansell_&_Dowsett_1988_Panthera_leo.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2391","Field immobilization of lions using disassociative anaesthetics in combination with sedatives","Stander PE;Morkel Pv;","1991  ","","immobilization;Panthera leo;translocation;wildlife mangement;","IN FILE","137","148","African Journal of Ecology","","","","29","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_&_Morkel_1991_Field_immobilization_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2392","Background and status of African Lion in the Etosha National Park and the Skeleton Coast Park of Namibia","Berry HH;","","","1NA;Etosha;Panthera leo;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berry_-_African_lion_in_the_Etosha_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2393","Case Study of a Population Bottleneck: Lions of the Ngorongoro Crater","Packer C;Pusey AE;Rowley H;Gilbert DA;Martenson JS;O'Brien SJ;","1991  ","","1TZ;genetic analysis;genetic differentiation;genetics;lion;Ngorongoro;Panthera leo;population;population size;Serengeti;","IN FILE","219","230","Conservation Biology","","","","5","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_et_al_1991_Lions_in_the_Ngorongoro_Crater.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2394","A suggested management strategy for stock-raiding lions in Namibia","Stander PE;","1990  ","","1NA;conflict;lion;livestock damage;livestock depredation;management;Panthera leo;problem animal;","IN FILE","37","43","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","20","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Lion predation on domestic stock from farms bordering conservation areas causes a serious conflict of interest between farmers and conservationists. During a four-year study in northern Namibia, the options for alleviating this conflict were investigated. Long-term records of individual lions permitted the categorization of stock-raiding lions as habitual 'problem animals' or 'occasional stock raiders'. Management strategies for each group under varying conditions are presented, with optimal solutions emerging as translocation for occasional stock raiders and elimination for problem animals. Success of the strategies depends on longterm monitoring of individual lions and co-operation between farmers and conservation authorities.","","","","","","","","Stander_1990_Management_of_stock-raiding_lions_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2395","Jaguars in the United States","Nowak R;","1111  ","","3US;Arizona;endangered species;Panthera onca;","IN FILE","6","7","Endangered Species Technical Bulletin","","","","19","","","5","","New York Zoological Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nowak_-_Jaguars_in_the_US.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2396","Dispersal and genetic structure of Lion populationsNational Animal Behavior Society Convention11-17 June, Northern Kentucky University","Pusey AE;","","","behavior;dispersal;genetic analysis;genetic variation;Panthera leo;population;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pusey_-_Dispersal_and_genetic_structure_of_lion_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2397","A mass capture technique for lions","Smuts GL;Whyte IJ;Dearlove TW;","1977  ","","capture;method;Panthera leo;record;","IN FILE","81","87","East Africa Wildlife Journal","","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smuts_et_al_1977_Mass_capture_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2398","Preserving Biodiversity in Korea's Demilitarized Zone","Ke CK;","1997  ","","4KP;4KR;biodiversity;politics;","IN FILE","242","243","Science","","","","278","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ke_1997_Preserving_biodiversity_in_Koreas_demilitarized_zone.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2399","Lion population regulation","Bertram BCR;","1973  ","","home range;mortality;Panthera leo;population;population size;predator control;reproduction;","IN FILE","215","225","East Africa Wildlife Journal","","","","11","","","3 & 4","","","English","","","","","","","Lion population size is investigated by examining the effects of food supply and of aspects of social behaviour, on the factors which determine population size in a given area: the sizes of the lion prides there, and the sizes of the territories they occupy. Data come mainly from 7 years of records of two lion prides in the Serengeti. There is little evidence, but it is probable that territory size alters little. Pride size is best measured in terms of the number of adult females: it does not change in response to short-term changes in food availability, and appears to be regulated. Factors causing change in pride size are examined in the same way. Reproduction is profoundly influenced by behavioural factors, and to some extent by food: cub mortality is strongly influenced by both. However, these appear to be relatively unimportant in population regulation since in practice whatever the levels of these factors, more than enough female cubs survive to replace adult losses, and only some are recruited, the rest being expelled. This recruitment is influenced possibly by food and certainly by behaviour, and appears to be density dependent.","","","","","","","","Bertram_1973_Lion_population_regulation.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2400","Man-eating lions of Tunduru","Mwafongo G;","1987 Mar 29 ","","1TZ;maneater;Panthera leo;Tunduru;","IN FILE","","","Sunday News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mwafongo_1987_Man-eating_lions_of_Tunduru.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2401","Hunting the Tunduru man-eaters","","1987  ","","4IN;hunting (by human);maneater;Tunduru;","IN FILE","","","Daily News","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Hunting_the_Tunduru_man-eaters.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2402","The Ecology of Lions in the Kitengela Conservation Unit, Kenya","Rudnai JA;","1983  ","","1KE;conservation;ecology;livestock;mortality;Panthera leo;population;predation;research;","IN FILE","565","571","","","","","","","","","Washington,D.C.","National Geographic Society","English","","","","","National Geographic Society Research Reports","","","","","","","","","","Rudnai_1983_Ecology_of_lions_in_the_Kitengela_Conservation_Unit_Kenya.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2403","Reproductive biology of lions (Panthera leo massaica Neumann) in Nairobi National Park","Rudnai JA;","1973  ","","1KE;biology;kitten;mating;mortality;Nairobi National Park;Panthera leo;population trend;reproduction;","IN FILE","241","253","East Africa Wildlife Journal","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rudnai_1973_Reproductive_biology_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2404","The pattern of lion predation in Nairobi Park","Rudnai JA;","1974  ","","1KE;feeding behavior;habitat;Nairobi National Park;Panthera leo;predation;predator;prey selection;","IN FILE","213","225","East Africa Wildlife Journal","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rudnai_1974_Pattern_of_lion_predation_in_Nairobi_Park.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2405","Activity rhythm of a free ranging lion population","Rudnai JA;","1976  ","","1KE;activity;free-ranging;method;Nairobi National Park;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","60","72","The World's Cats","","","","","","Eaton RL;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rudnai_1976_Activity_rhythm_of_a_free_ranging_lion_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2406","The inability of the lion, Panthera leo, L. to desaturate linoleic acid","Rivers JPW;Hassam AG;Crawford MA;Brambell MR;","1976  ","","linoleic acid;metabolism;method;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","269","270","FEBS Letters","","","","67","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rivers_et_al_1976_Inability_of_the_lion_to_desaturate_linoleic_acid.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2407","Study of lesser cats in Eastern India","Ghose RK;","1983  ","","4IN;Catopuma temmincki;habitat;lesser cat;Pardofelis marmorata;poaching;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus viverrina;WWF;","IN FILE","669","671","WWF Monthly Report","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ghose_1983_Study_of_lesser_cats_in_Eastern_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2408","Cub mortality in the Kalahari Lion Panthera leo vernayi (Roberts, 1948)","Eloff FC;","1980  ","","1ZA;cub;desert;disease;ecology;Kalahari;lion;mortality;Panthera leo;Panthera leo krugeri;predation;survival;","IN FILE","163","170","Koedoe","","","","23","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The extent and possible causes of cub mortality in the Kalahari lion are discussed. It is concluded that starvation is a major cause of death among cubs, largely due to the Kalahari lion's dependence on small mammals as a source of food. Other important factors are abandonment of the cubs, diseases, the harsh desert environment and possibly predation.","","","","","","","","Eloff_1980_Cub_mortality_in_the_Kalahari_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2409","The feline genome project","O'Brien SJ;Menotti-Raymond M;Murphy JM;Yuhki N;","2002  ","","comparative;Felidae;genetic map;genetics;genome;","IN FILE","657","686","","Annu Rev Genet ","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The compilation of a dense gene map and eventually a whole genome sequence (WGS) of the domestic cat holds considerable value for human genome annotation, for veterinary medicine, and for insight into the evolution of genome organization among mammals. Human association and veterinary studies of the cat, its domestic breeds, and its charismatic wild relatives of the family Felidae have rendered the species a powerful model for human hereditary diseases, for infectious disease agents, for adaptive evolutionary divergence, for conservation genetics, and for forensic applications. Here we review the advantages, rationale, and present strategy of a feline genome project, and we describe the disease models, comparative genomics, and biological applications posed by the full resolution of the cat's genome. ","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_2002_The_Feline_Genome_Project.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2410","Family Felidae","van der Zon APM;","1979  ","","4ID;Felidae;habitat;home range;status;","IN FILE","121","123","","","","","","Mammals of Indonesia","","45","","Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_der_Zon_1979_Family_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2411","Unusual diet of the lion Panthera leo in the Skeleton Coast ParkShort note","Bridgeford PA;","1985  ","","1NA;diet;feeding behavior;Panthera leo;Skeleton Coast Park;","IN FILE","187","188","Madoqua","","","","14","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bridgeford_1985_Unusual_diet_of_the_lion_in_Skeleton_Coast_Park.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2412","Beyond the Tiger, Lion and Leopard - In search of lesser cats","Sharma VD;","1985  ","","lesser cat;observation;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","56","63","","","India magazine","","5","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_1985_In_search_of_lesser_cats.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2413","Family Felidae","Medway L;","1965  ","","4BN;4ID;4MY;Borneo;Catopuma badia;distribution;Felidae;Neofelis nebulosa;Pardofelis marmorata;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus planiceps;","IN FILE","150","179","","","","","","Mammals of Borneo - Field Keys and an Annotated Checklist","","","","Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Medway_1965_Family_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2414","A method of identifying individual lions Panthera leo with an analysis of the reliability of identification","Pennycuick CJ;Rudnai JA;","1970  ","","identification of individuals;method;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","497","508","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","160","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pennycuick_&_Rudnai_1970_Identifying_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2415","Ecology of lions in Nairobi National Park and the adjoining Kitengela Conservation Unit in Kenya","Rudnai JA;","1979  ","","1KE;conservation;ecology;habitat;method;Nairobi National Park;Panthera leo;population;predation;","IN FILE","85","95","African Journal of Ecology","","","","17","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rudnai_1979_Ecology_of_lions_in_Kenya.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2416","Family Felidae","Payne J;Francis CM;","1985  ","","4BN;4ID;4MY;Borneo;distribution;Felidae;habitat;measurement;","IN FILE","288","295","","","","","","A field guide to the Mammals of Borneo","","","","Sabah Society with WWF Malaysia","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Payne_&_Francis_1985_Family_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2417","Deer deterred, and saved, by Lion dung","","1990  ","London Zoo","deer;Panthera leo;repelling;faeces;zoo;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Deer_deterred_and_saved_by_lion_dung.pdf","","","",""
"PAT","2418","United States Patent: Repellent Composition","Baines DA;Faulkes CG;Tomlinson AJ;Ning PCYK;","1989 Apr 4 ","","3US;deer;Panthera leo;repelling;faeces;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","United States Patent","Page TK;Horne LR;","4,818,535","United States of America","","","","","","","","","A repellent composition e.g. for repelling deer comprises a synthetic blend of components which are characteristic of the acid fraction obtained by a Soxhlet extraction of lion faeces followed by separation into basic, neutral and acid fractions; and felinine. The composition may comprise saturated alkanoic acids with carbon atoms in the range of 3-20; saturated aliphatic alcohols with carbon atoms in the range 14-16; various compounds containing primary or secondary amino groups and having carbon atoms in the range 3-9; a fermented egg product; a bittering agent and an adhesive agent.","","","","","","","","Baines_et_al_1989_US_patent_for_repellent_composition.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2419","Should the cat take the rap?","Anderson I;","1994 Mar 21 ","","6Aus;competition;control;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;non-native animals;predator control;","IN FILE","13","14","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anderson_1994_Should_the_cat_take_the_rap.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2420","Developing a management plan for the African lion, Panthera leo ssp., in North America","Shoemaker AH;White SE;","","","1Afr;3NAm;captive breeding;captive population;CCT;cct_ni;disease;lion;management;Panthera leo;subspecies;taxonomy;zoo;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The lion was one of the last large felids to be considered for captive management by North American zoos. Because of the ease with which lions are kept and bred by zoos, circuses, and a variety of private owners, they also have been one of the most difficult species for zoos to trace back to the wild. This document addresses the taxonomic difficulties in maintaining a captive population of lion subspecies, population changes, and disease issues. Recommendations for creation and management of a captive stock of several lion subspecies are given and the importance of ex situ populations is emphasized.","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_&_White_-_Management_plan_for_lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2421","African Lion Regional Studbook 1995","","1995  ","2nd Edition","distribution;habitat;home range;Panthera leo;status;Studbook;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_African_lion_regional_studbook.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2422","Selection in captivity during supportive breeding may reduce fitness in the wild","Ford MJ;","2002  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captive population;captivity;conservation strategy;fitness;model;","IN FILE","815","825","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","I used a quantitative genetic model to explore the effects of selection on the fitness of a wild population subject to supportive breeding. Supportive breeding is the boosting of a wild population's size by breeding part of the population in captivity and releasing the captive progeny back into the wild. The model assumes that a single trait is under selection with different optimum trait values in the captive and wild environments. The model shows that when the captive population is closed to gene flow from the wild population, even low levels of gene flow from the captive population to the wild population will shift the wild population's mean phenotype so that it approaches the optimal phenotype in captivity. If the captive population receives gene flow from the wild, the shift in the wild population's mean phenotype becomes less pronounced but can still be substantial. The approach to the new mean phenotype can occur in less than 50 generations. The fitness consequences of the phenotypic shift depend on the details of the model, but a>30% decline in fitness can occur over a broad range of parameter values. The rate of gene flow between the two environments, and hence the outcome of the model, is sensitive to the wild environment's carrying capacity and the population growth rate it can support. The results have two important implications for conservation efforts. First, they show that selection in captivity may significantly reduce a wild population's fitness during supportive breeding and that even continually introducing wild individuals into the captive population will not eliminate this effect entirely. Second, the sensitivity of the model's outcome to the wild environment's quality suggests that conserving or restoring a population's habitat is important for preventing fitness loss during supportive breeding.","","","","","","","","Ford_2002_Selection_during_supportive_breeding.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2423","The cheetahs of Phinda","Hunter L;","2002  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;hunting;Phinda;photograph;","IN FILE","50","65","Africa Geographic","","","","","","","November 2002","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_2002_The_cheetahs_of_Phinda.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2424","Lions","Patterson G;","1993 May 1 ","","1BW;attack on human;Panthera leo;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patterson_1993_Lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2425","To what purpose?","Michler I;","2002  ","","1ZA;captive breeding;farming;Felidae;hunting (by human);Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;trade;","IN FILE","34","41","Africa Geographic","","","","","","","November 2002","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Michler_2002_To_what_purpose.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2426","The north African Barbery lion and the Atlas lion project","Yamaguchi N;Haddane B;","2001  ","","1Afr;Barbary lion;Cape lion;extinction;history;human attitude;mane;Panthera leo;population history;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","Oxford University, Parc Zoologiqe National de Rabat","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yamaguchi_&_Haddane_2001_Barbery_lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2427","Status and conservation of the wild cat (Felis silvestris) in Europe and around the Mediterranean rim","Stahl P;Artois M;","1991  ","Draft","78Eur;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;Felis silvestris;habitat;habitat connectivity;reintroduction;status;taxonomy;threats;trade;wildcat;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","61","","","","","","","","","Strasbourg","Council of Europe Press","English","","","","","Convention on wildlife and natural habitat conservancy in Europe","","This report is the outcome of a request made by the Permanent Committee of the Commission concerned with Wildlife and Natural Habitat Conservancy in Europe. It describes current data on the status and evolution of the wildcat populations in the countries involved, as well as threats as identified by specialists. Among the major threats for the wildcat are reduction or alteration of habitat, lack of information on population development, cross-breeding, and direct killing by humans. Recommendations for conservation concerning the major threats are presented.","","","","","","","","Stahl_&_Artois_1991_Wild_cat_in_Europe_and_around_the_Mediterranean_rim.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2428","Safety Guide to Cougars","","1998 Oct ","","3US;attack on human;predator-human conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","6","6","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Safety_guide_to_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2429","Feature feline - Cougar (Felis concolor)","","1998 Oct ","","behavior;characteristic;distribution;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","7","8","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Cougar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2430","Statut, besoins de conservation et réintroduction du lynx (Lynx lynx) en Europe","Breitenmoser U;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;","1990  ","French Version","78Eur;conservation;distribution;fur trade;hunting;livestock depredation;lynx;Lynx lynx;population size;reintroduction;status;threats;trade;","IN FILE","1","48","","","","","45","","","","Strasbourg","Council of Europe","French/English","","","","","Collection Sauvegarde de la nature, No. 45","","This report, commissioned by the Environment Conservation and Management Division of the Council of Europe, focuses on the following: - Recent distribution of the lynx in European countries: status and development of the populations; - Legal situation, hunting and poaching in all countries where the lynx occurs; - Damage to livestock by lynx; - Management recommendations and conservation needs of local populations. We asked local experts for recent data on lynx and for their personal opinions and compared the situation described with the available literature.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_&_Breitenmoser-Wuersten_1990_Conservation_of_the_lynx_in_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2431","Rare type of lion rescued from abandoned circus","","1999 Jun 28 ","","1ZA;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Rare_type_of_lion_rescued_from_circus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2432","The Barbary Lion, Panthera leo leo (Linnaeus, 1758); some systematic notes, and an interim list of the specimens preserved in European museums","Mazak V;","1969  ","Pub Date unsure","measurement;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;skin;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","34","45","Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde","Z Saeugetierk ","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazak_1969_Barbary_lion.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2433","Circus lion of ancient Rome rises from dead","Dunkley R;","1997 Jun 8 ","","conservation;extinction;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;","IN FILE","18","18","Sunday Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dunkley_1997_Circus_lion_of_ancient_Rome_rises_from_dead.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2434","Rare lions baffle scientists","Koch E;","1996 Jul 25 ","","captivity;extinction;Panthera leo;Panthera leo leo;","IN FILE","","","Daily Nation","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koch_1996_Rare_lions_baffle_scientists.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2435","Notes on the black-maned lion of the cape - Revised list of preserved specimens","Mazak V;","1975  ","","characteristic;coat pattern;dentition;distribution;Panthera leo;measurement;Panthera leo melanochaita;skull;status;","IN FILE","1","44","Vorhandelingen der Kulinklijag Nederlandse","","","","2","","","2","","Akademie Van Wetenchappen","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazak_1975_Notes_on_the_black-maned_lion_of_the_cape.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2436","The leopard in India - Troubled times","","1997  ","","4IN;endangered species;Panthera pardus;poaching;trade;","IN FILE","2","3","Tiger Update","","","","2","","","1","New Dehli","WWF for Nature-India","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1997 Leopard in India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2437","The status of the tiger Panthera tigris (Linné, 1758) in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (Bay of Bengal)","Hendrichs H;","1975  ","","4IN;Bengal;forest;maneater;mangrove;Panthera tigris;status;Sundarban;","IN FILE","161","199","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","23","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The paper presents the result of a 3-month field study in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, carried out to obtain a preliminary picture of the ecological situation and the man-killing behaviour of the Sundarbans tiger. A further object was to devise and test methods to be applied in a later long-term study aiming at a quantitative analysis of the tiger behaviour and looking for ways to conserve the tiger in the area, in spite of its man-killing habit, along with human utilisation of the forest.","","","","","","","","Hendrichs_1975_Status_of_the_tiger_in_Sundarbans_Mangrove_Forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2438","Problem tiger in the Sundarbans","Seidensticker J;Lahiri RK;Das KC;Wright A;","","","4IN;capture;Panthera tigris;problem animal;Sundarban;","IN FILE","267","273","Oryx","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seidensticker_et_al_-_Problem_tiger_in_the_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2439","Two-faced answer to the tiger terror","Jackson P;","1989 Sep 22 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","16","16","Daily Nation","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1989_Two-faced_answer_to_the_tiger_terror.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2440","The latest news on Manas Tiger Reserve","","1997  ","","4IN;Manas Tiger Reserve;Panthera tigris;poaching;nature reserve;WWF;","IN FILE","1","1","Tiger Update","","","","2","","","1","New Dehli","WWF for Nature-India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1997_Manas_tiger_reserve.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2441","Man, mask and maneater","Rishi V;","1988  July-September","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;method;Panthera tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","9","14","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rishi_1988_Man_mask_and_maneater.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2442","Amur faces extinction from breeding","","1990  ","","7RU;breeding;captive breeding;extinction;genetics;Panthera pardus pardus;","IN FILE","","","Saudi Gazette","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Amur_leopard_faces_extinction_from_breeding.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2443","Des yeux dans le dos","","1991 Dec 10 ","","maneater;Panthera tigris;prevention;","IN FILE","","","Gazette de Lausanne","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1991_Eyes_in_the_back.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2444","Tigers see through mask ruse to kill 50","Clover C;","1991 Apr ","","attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","9","9","Daily Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clover_1991_Tigers_see_through_mask_ruse_to_kill_50.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2445","Masks and maneaters","Jackson P;","1989 Aug ","","4IN;maneater;Panthera tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","4","WWF Features","","","","","","","","","WWF","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1989_Masks_and_maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2446","Present status of wildlife, human casualties by tiger, and wildlife conservation in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh","Helalsiddiqui ASM;","1998  ","","4BD;conservation;maneater;Panthera tigris;status;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","28","32","Tiger Paper","","","","25","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Helalsiddiqui_1998_Wildlife_in_the_Sundarbans_of_Bangladesh.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2447","Interview - At what cost to the environment","Mahapatra R;","1998  ","","4IN;environment;politics;Suresh Prabhu;","IN FILE","53","53","Down to Earth","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mahapatra_1998_At_what_cost_to_the_environment.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2448","Can the market save forests?","Bagla P;","1995  ","","4IN;conservation;conservation strategy;forest;Panthera tigris;trade;","IN FILE","60","60","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bagla_1995_Can_the_market_save_forests.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2449","Mangrove tiger land The Sundarbans of India","Sanyal P;","1983  ","","4IN;habitat;maneater;mangrove;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","4","Tiger Paper","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanyal_1983_Mangrove_tiger_land_-_The_Sundarbans_of_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2450","The Sundarban of India and its biota","Mukherjee AK;","1975  ","","4IN;fauna;flora;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","20","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","72","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mukherjee_1975_Sundarban_of_India_and_its_biota.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2451","Wildlife in Bangladesh Mangrove ecosystem","Khan MAR;","1986  ","","4BD;ecosystem;feeding behavior;mangrove;method;population;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","32","48","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","83","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_1986_Wildlife_in_Bangladesh_mangrove_ecosystem.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2452","Maneating behaviour of Tigers (Panthera tigris Linn) of the Sundarbans - Twenty-eight year's record analysis","Siddiqi NA;Choudhury JH;","1987  ","","4BD;human activity;maneater;method;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;prey;record;seasonality;Sundarban;","IN FILE","26","32","Tiger Paper","","","","14","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Siddiqi_&_Choudhury_1987_Maneating_behaviour_of_tigers_of_the_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2453","Position paper on Sundarbans Tiger ReserveInternational Symposium on TigerNew Dehli, February 22 to 24 1979","Chakrabarti K;","1979  ","","4IN;conservation;habitat protection;management;nature reserve;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_1979_Position_paper_on_Sundarbans_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2454","100 more lions, tigers","","1999  ","","4IN;captive breeding;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","11","11","Down to Earth","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_100_more_lions_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2455","Recent observations on Sundarbans Tiger Reserve of W. Bengal","Sanyal P;","1995  ","","4IN;Bengal;maneater;observation;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanyal_1995_Recent_observations_on_Sundarbans_Tiger_Reserve_of_West_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2456","Map of Sundarbans Tiger Reserve","","","","4IN;geography;nature reserve;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Map_of_Sundarbans_Tiger_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2457","Jharkhali Tiger Caged & Freed","Bey H;","1974 Sep 27 ","","4BD;capture;Jharkhali;Panthera tigris;reintroduction;","IN FILE","4","4","","Statesman","","","","","","","Calcutta","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bey_1974_Jharkhali_tiger_caged_and_freed.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2458","The problem tiger of Bangladesh","Khan MAR;","","","4BD;population size;conservation;distribution;endangered species;maneater;Panthera tigris;poaching;problem animal;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_-_Problem_tiger_of_Bangladesh.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2459","Maneka to discuss poaching in Bengal","","1990  ","","4IN;Bengal;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;poaching;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","Indian Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Maneka_to_discuss_poaching_in_Bengal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2460","A leopard in the wilderness","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","1996  ","","1ZA;conservation;human-predator conflict;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;problem animal;","IN FILE","251","254","African Wildlife","","","","45","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_1996_A_leopard_in_the_wilderness.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2461","Census shows Asiatic Lion is breeding fine in Gir","","2001 May 20 ","","4IN;breeding;population size;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population trend;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Asiatic_Lion_census_in_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2462","Population estimation of Asiatic lions","Jhala YV;Qureshi Q;Bhuva V;Sharma LN;","1999 Apr ","","4IN;capture-recapture;Gir;identification of individuals;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population;population size;","IN FILE","3","15","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","96","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jhala_et_al_1999_Population_estimation_of_Asiatic_lions.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2463","Lion Censuses","Rashid MA;David R;","1992  ","","4IN;Gir;method;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population size;population trend;","IN FILE","90","104","","","","","","The Asiatic Lioon","","9","","Dept. of Envirnoment, Govt. of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rashid_&_David_1992_Lion_census.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2464","Gir Lion Census - 1985","Lakhani BP;","1985  ","","4IN;population size;Gir;method;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","24","28","Hornbill","","","","","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lakhani_1985_Gir_Lion_Census.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2465","On the probable error in a census on waterholes","Kunte S;Gore AP;","1987  ","","population size;method;statistic;","IN FILE","39","40","Hornbill","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kunte_&_Gore_1987_Probable_error_in_a_census_on_waterholes.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2466","Conserving the Asiatic Lionin: Eleventh technical meeting, Papers and Proceedings, New Delhi, India, 25 to 28 November 1969","Joslin P;","1970  ","","4IN;conservation;Gir;IUCN;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population size;","IN FILE","24","33","","","","","3","","Holloway CW;","","Morges Switzerland","IUCN","English","","","","","IUCN Publications new series No.18","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1970_Conserving_the_Asiatic_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2467","Demographic and genetic status of the captive population of Asian lions (Panthera leo persica)","Ballou JD;","1983 Mar 9 ","","captive population;demography;genetics;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;status;Studbook;zoo;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","National Zoo, Smithsonian Institution","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ballou_1983_Status_of_captive_Asian_lions.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2468","The ecological impact of domestic stock on the Gir ForestEleventh technical meeting - Papers and Proceedings - New Delhi, India - 25-28 November 1969","Hodd KTB;","1970  ","","4IN;ecological impact;forest;Gir;grazing;IUCN;livestock;","IN FILE","","","","","","","1","","","","Morges, Switzerland","IUCN","English","","","","","IUCN Publications new series No.17","","","","","","","","","","Hodd_1970_Ecological_impact_of_domestic_stock_on_the_Gir_forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2469","Gir lion - present scenario and future conservation strategy","Singh HS;","2000  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;future;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;status;","IN FILE","","","Manuscript","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_2000_Gir_lion_status_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2470","Current status of protected areas and threatened mammal species in the Sahara-Gobian region","Green MJB;Drucker GRF;Day SI;","1990  ","","1Afr;conservation;Mammalia;protected area;Sahara;status;","IN FILE","1","59","","","","","","","","","Cambridge, UK","World Conservation Monitoring Center","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_et_al_1990_Protected_areas_and_threatened_mammals_in_Sahara-Gobian_region.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2471","DRAFT report of P.H.V.A. for Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo First persica): Executive summary and reports of working groups","","1994  Jan-Feb","","4IN;conservation;ecodevelopment;Gir;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Population Viability Analysis;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","2","22","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_First_DRAFT_report_of_PHVA_for_Asiatic_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2472","Report on the capsuel veterinary workshops on special techniques in felid reproduction and genetics","Ashraf NVK;","1994  ","","artificial breeding;Felidae;genetics;immobilization;implantable radio transmitter;method;reproduction;telemetry;veterinary;","IN FILE","24","32","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","A series of four one-day capsule veterinary workshops were held at four zoos in India, during the month of October, 1993. A team of six US scientists conducted these workshops. One of the major objectives of the team's visit to India was to establish the purity of the Asiatic lion subspecies maintained in these Indian zoos. The group was also interested to study the seminal characteristics of exotic felids that have the history of inbreeding in zoos and to demonstrate these techniques to Indian veterinarians, reproductive physiologists and geneticists working in zoos and universities. While doing so, the team also demonstrated the use of transponders for animal identification, technique of collecting skin biopsies and the prodecure of performing vasectomy as a method to control breeding in zoos. This report, accordingly, deals with the following topics: 1. Aneasthetic procedures, 2. Electroejaculation & Cryopreservation, 3. Genetic tests for recognizing hybrid lions, 4. Reproductive control methods-Vasectomy, 5. Transponder telemetry and 6. Diseases of potential threat to lions.","","","","","","","","Ashraf_1994_Special_techniques_in_felid_reproduction_and_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2473","Reintroduction Medicine","Bush ME;","1994  ","","captive breeding;disease;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;reintroduction;veterinary;","IN FILE","36","37","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bush_1994_Reintroduction_Medicine.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2474","Guide to medical / nutritional management of Asiatic lion","Phillips LG;","1994  ","","captive breeding;diet;disease;feeding behavior;immobilization;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;veterinary;","IN FILE","38","52","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Phillips_1994_Guide_to_medical_nutritional_management_of_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2475","Relationship of genetics and reproduction relative to the management and conservation of the Asiatic lion","Wildt DE;","1994  ","","captive breeding;conservation;genetics;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;reproduction;veterinary;","IN FILE","53","55","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_1994_Relationship_of_genetics_and_reproduction_to_management_and_conservation_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2476","A note on reproduction research","Sabapara R;Chugh S;Jethva B;Pukazhenthi B;Wildt DE;Roth TL;","1994  ","","4IN;artificial breeding;captive breeding;genetics;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;reproduction;research;veterinary;","IN FILE","57","59","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sabapara_et_al_1994_Note_on_reproduction_research.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2477","Visitor behavior (teasing) at the Asiatic lion enclosure in the Mysore Zoo","Raju R;Venugopal B;","1994  ","","4IN;behavior;Mysore;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;public attitude;public education;zoo;lion;","IN FILE","67","70","","","Zoo's Print","","9","","","1&2 (Special Issue)","","","English","","","","","","","Teasing behaviour was observed at the Asiatic Lion exhibit in the Mysore Zoo. An average of 11% of visitors were teasers. A majority of teasers were males. The hypothesis to the age-group of the visitor, was only partially proved; and more data are needed to verify it. Eventhough children may be the primary motivators for Zoo visits, they may not be culprits for teasing.","","","","","","","","Raju_&_Venugopal_1994_Visitor_behavior_at_the_Asiatic_lion_enclosure_in_the_Mysore_Zoo.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2478","The Lions of Asia","Pocock RI;","1930  ","","45Asia;characteristic;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","638","665","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","34","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pocock_1930_Lions_of_Asia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2479","Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations","Wildt DE;Bush ME;Goodrowe KL;Packer C;Pusey AE;Brown JL;Joslin P;O'Brien SJ;","1987 Sep 24 ","","genetic variation;genetic drift;genetics;inbreeding;isolation;Panthera leo;population;population genetics;reproduction;","IN FILE","328","331","Nature","","","","329","","","6137","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1987_Reproductive_and_genetic_consequences_of_founding_isolated_lion_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2480","Evidence for African Origins of Founders of the Asiatic Lion Species Survival Plan","O'Brien SJ;Joslin P;Smith GL III;Wolfe R;Schaffer N;Heath E;Ott-Joslin J;Rawal PP;Bhattacharjee KK;Martenson JS;","1987  ","","1Afr;45Asia;captive breeding;genetics;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population genetics;Species Survival Plan;","IN FILE","99","116","Zoo Biology","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1987_Origin_of_captive_Asiatic_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2481","Conservation and management of Gir lion sanctuary and national park, Gujarat, India","Khan JA;","1995  ","","4IN;conservation;conservation strategy;Gir National Park;Gujarat;livestock;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;ungulate;","IN FILE","183","188","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","73","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_1995_Gir_lion_sanctuary_conservation_and_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2482","Prospects for conservation of the Asiatic lion in India","Johnsingh AJT;Chellam R;Sharma D;","1998  ","","4IN;conservation;ecodevelopment;ecotourism;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;tourism;translocation;","IN FILE","81","89","Biosphere Conservation","","","","1","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_et_al_1998_Prospects_for_conservation_of_the_Asiatic_lion_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2483","300 calves will pay with lives to help conduct lion help census","Desai B;","2000 Apr 26 ","","4IN;baiting;population size;Gir;live bait;method;Panthera leo;public attitude;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Desai_2000_Calves_will_pay_with_lives_to_help_conduct_lion_help_census.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2484","89 Gir lions died in five years","","2000 Mar 7 ","","4IN;Gir;mortality;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Gir_lion_mortality.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2485","Lion-human conflict in the Gir Forest, India","Saberwal VK;Gibbs JP;Chellam R;Johnsingh AJT;","1994  ","","4IN;attack on human;conflict;forest;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predator-human conflict;public attitude;","IN FILE","501","507","Conservation Biology","","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saberwal_et_al_1994_Lion-human_conflict_in_the_Gir_Forest.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2486","The Gir Forest Reserve: its habitats, faunal and social problemsIn: Second Wolrd Conference on National Parks - Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, U.S.A., September 18-27, 1972","Desai JR;","1974  ","","4IN;conservation;forest;Gir;Gir National Park;habitat;IUCN;management;Panthera leo;public attitude;","IN FILE","193","198","","","","","","","Elliott HFI;","","Morges, Switzerland","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Desai_1974_Gir_Forest_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2487","Conservation values of zoological parks / safaries - Lion Safari Park: A case study","Gogate MG;","1997 Oct ","","4IN;albinism;captive breeding;conservation;ecotourism;inbreeding;Lion Safari Park Borivali;Panthera leo;safari park;nature reserve;tourism;","IN FILE","887","894","","","Indian Forester","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gogate_1997_Conservation_values_of_parks.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2488","Predation pattern of the Asiatic lion on domestic livestock","Singh HS;Kamboj RD;","1996 Oct ","","4IN;foraging behavior;Gir;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predation;","IN FILE","869","876","","","Indian Forester","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_&_Kamboj_1996_Predation_pattern_of_the_Asiatic_lion_on_domestic_livestock.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2489","Population dynamics, group structure and natural dispersal of the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica","Singh HS;","1997  ","","dispersal;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population;population dynamics;social system;","IN FILE","65","70","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","94","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1997_Population_and_natural_dispersal_of_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2490","Livestock predation by Gir lions and ecodevelopment","Srivastav A;","1997  Apr.-Jun","","4IN;ecodevelopment;Gir;livestock;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predation;","IN FILE","1","5","Tiger Paper","","","","24","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Srivastav_1997_Livestock_predation_by_Gir_lions_and_ecodevelopment.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2491","Population dynamics, group structure and natural dispersal of Asiatic lions","Singh HS;","1995  Oct-Dec","","dispersal;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population;population dynamics;social system;","IN FILE","1","5","Tiger Paper","","","","22","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1995_Population_and_natural_dispersal_of_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2492","The antiquity of the lion in Greece","Meyer AB;","1904  ","","8GR;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","661","668","","","","","For the Year ending June 30, 1903","","","","Washington","Government printing office","English","","","","","Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution","","","","","","","","","","Meyer_1904_Antiquity_of_the_lion_in_Greece.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2493","The Kathiawar Lion","Fenton LL;","1908  ","","4IN;Gir;Panthera leo;population trend;sighting;status;","IN FILE","4","15","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","19","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fenton_1908_Kathiawar_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2494","The Kathiawar lion","Fenton LL;","1909  ","","4IN;behavior;Gir;hunting (by human);Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","737","752","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","20","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fenton_1909_Kathiawar_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2495","Transplanting of Indian Lion in Uttar Pradesh State","Negi SS;","1969 Nov ","","4IN;Gir;natural history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;status;translocation;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","98","101","Cheetal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Negi_1969_Transplanting_of_Indian_Lion_in_Uttar_Pradesh_State.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2496","The protected areas of Iran","","1987  ","","5IR;legislation;politics;protected area;wildlife;area;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Iran","Department of the Environment","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Map_of_protected_areas_of_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2497","Note on Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)","Divyabhanusinh;","1985  ","","4IN;capture;Gir;injury;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;release;","IN FILE","393","394","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","82","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1985_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2498","Deteriorating habitat and prospects of the Asiatic Lion","Oza GM;","","","4IN;conservation;Gir;habitat;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;threat;","IN FILE","349","352","Environmental Conservation","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oza_-_Deteriorationg_habitat_and_prospects_of_the_Asiatic_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2499","Does the prey availability govern the diet of lions (Panthera leo persica) in the wild?","Soni VC;Kumar VV;Bhuva V;","1992  ","","4IN;diet;foraging behavior;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predator-prey;prey;prey availability;","IN FILE","10","11","Tiger Paper","","","","19","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Soni_et_al_1992_Does_the_prey_availability_govern_the_diet_of_lion.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2500","Lion's 'den' gifted to temple (and other articles)","Bansal R;Joshi C;","1995 Feb 1 ","","4IN;Gir;management;nature reserve;nature reserve managenemt;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;politics;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bansal_&_Joshi_1995_Lions_den_gifted_to_temple.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2501","The Asiatic lion","","1970  Jan-Mar","","IUCN;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","3","3","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","14","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1970_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2502","Man-eating lions terrorise Indian villages","Connor S;","1994 Oct 23 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","Independent on Sunday","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Connor_1994_Man-eating_lions_terrorise_Indian_villages.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2503","The Asiatic Lion in the Monsoon","Joslin P;","1969  Oct-Dec","","Gir;human-predator conflict;IUCN;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predation;","IN FILE","112","112","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","13","","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1969_Asiatic_lion_in_the_Monsoon.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2504","The environmental limitations and future of the Asiatic lion","Joslin P;","1984  ","","4IN;characteristic;conservation;distribution;future;Gir;livestock damage;natural history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;faecal analysis;threat;","IN FILE","648","664","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","81","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1984_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2505","Lions let loose near Benares - New home for vanishing species","Reuters;","1957 Dec 2 ","","4IN;conservation;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;reintroduction;release;Uttar Pradesh;","IN FILE","1","2","Press release","","","","","","","","","Reuters - Situationer Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Reuters_1957_Lions_let_loose_near_Benares.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2506","The Gir Forest: An endangered ecosystem","Berwick S;","1976  ","","4IN;conservation;ecosystem;forest;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","29","40","American Scientist","","","","64","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berwick_1976_Gir_forest_as_endangered_ecosystem.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2507","Die turkestanische Sicheldünenkatze (Barchankatze), Felis margarita thinobia Ogn, 1926","Ueptner WG;","1970  ","","1Afr;characteristic;Felis margarita;Felis margarita thinobia;morphology;Sahara;taxonomy;","IN FILE","116","128","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","39","","","1","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ueptner_1970_Felis_margarita_thinobia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2508","Better fed than dead","Seneviratne G;","1981 Nov ","","4IN;conservation;Gir;public attitude;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;philosophy;","IN FILE","16","16","Development Forum","","","","","","","","Geneva, Switzerland","United Nations","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seneviratne_1981_Better_fed_than_dead.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2509","Sand Cat Felis margarita - International Studbook","Sausman KA;","1991  ","","captive breeding;characteristic;distribution;Felis margarita;status;Studbook;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","The Living Desert","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sausman_1991_Studbook_Felis_margarita.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2510","GIR3: A forest ecosystem model of the Gir Forest, India","van Wie D;Berwick S;Reed KL;","","","4IN;model;ecosystem;forest;Gir;","IN FILE","","","Manuscript","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Wie_et_al_-_GIR3-Forest_ecosystem_model.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2511","The ecology of the Maldhari graziers in the Gir forest, India","Berwick M;","","","4IN;ecology;ecosystem;forest;Gir;livestock;Maldhari;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;tribe;","IN FILE","","","Manuscript","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berwick_-_Ecology_of_the_Maldhari_graziers_in_the_Gir_forest.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2512","New homes for Gir lions","","1988 Apr 1 ","","4IN;conservation;Gir;livestock damage;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;telemetry;translocation;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindu","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_New_homes_for_Gir_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2513","Data on the ecology and geographical distribution of the jungle cat in Uzbekistan","Allayarov AM;","1964  ","translated by Maryann W. Keisel, 1989","7SU;diet;distribution;ecology;Felis chaus;Uzbekistan;","IN FILE","1","7","Uzbek Biological Journal","","","","","","","2","","Uzbek SSR Akademy of Science","English","","","","","","","The jungle cat - Felis (Chaus) chaus G. - is a typical inhabitant of tugais (overgrown lowland areas, flooded during certain times of the year, along rivers or lakes in arid regions). Its pelts are stored in large quantities in our republic. Meanwhile, the biology of this predator is not sufficiently clarified. Our field collections and direct observations carried out in the Surkhan River basin since 1960 and in 1961 and also in the Amu-Dar'ya delta (Kara-Kalpak) in 1961, served as data for this work. In addition, collections from the Bukhara Regional Local History Museum, the museums of Samarkand and the Moscow State University, and the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences were used.","","","","","","","","Allayarov_1964_Jungle_cat_in_Uzbekistan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2514","Biology and breeding of the sand cat","Hemmer H;","1977  ","","behavior;captive breeding;characteristic;desert;ecology;Felis margarita;morphology;","IN FILE","13","19","The World's Cats","","","","3","Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the World's Cats, April 26-28, 1974Contributions to breeding biology, behavior and husbandry","Eaton RL;","3","Seattle, Washington","Carnivore Research Institute, Burke Museum, University of Washington","English","","","","","The World's Cat","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1977_Biology_and_breeding_of_the_sand_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2515","Management of Asiatic lions in the Gir forest, India","Chellam R;Johnsingh AJT;","1993  ","in Press","4IN;forest;Gir;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population genetics;population trend;","IN FILE","409","424","","Symp zool Soc Lond ","","","","","","65","","","English","","","","","","","We present the summarized results of our four years of field research (1986-1990) on the ecology of the Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in the Gir forest, Gujarat, India, with special reference to the management of this endangered sub-species. The study also documents the changes in the ecology and conservation status of the Iions from the early 1970s which have resulted from the various management practices of the Gujarat Forest Department. Currently the population of lions in Gir is estimated to be 284 and is the only population in the wild. Pure-bred Asiatic lions are a rarity in zoos around the world, but for the captive population in Sakkarbaugh zoo, Junagadh. Problems faced by sole populations of endangered species are numerous. For the effective conservation of the Asiatic lions, the establishment of a second population in the wild is an urgent necessity. Successful translocation of large carnivores requires an in-depth understanding of the animal's ecology, careful site selection and long-term monitoring. Data presented on the predation ecology, ranging patterns and habitat use of the lions are vital for the selection of habitats for lion translocation and for the management of the lions in Gir and in their second home. The prevailing management regime in Gir and the present conservation status of the Asiatic Iions are reviewed and suggestions for the improved management of the Gir forest and the lions are made.","","","","","","","","Chellam_&_Johnsingh_1993_Management_of_Asiatic_lions_in_the_Gir_forest_India.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2516","Pakistan sand cat Felis margarita scheffeli (Hemmer, 1974)","","1978  ","","conservation;distribution;ecology;Felis margarita;Felis margarita scheffeli;habitat;population size;status;taxonomy;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Red Data Book","","12.108.1.3.1","","IUCN","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","IUCN_1978_Felis_margarita_scheffeli.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2517","Ecology of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) with special reference to its predation and ranging patterns - An interim report of the GIR LION Project","Chellam R;","1987 Dec 10 ","","ecology;Gir;home range;livestock damage;mortality;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;predation;project;faecal analysis;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Sasan","","English","","","","","","","The Gir lion project was launched in March 1986 as a cooperative effort between the Wildlife Institute of India and the Gujarat Forest Department. The main objectives of this study are to get quantified information on prey use and space use by the lions and to come to grips with the current conservation situation in Gir. Emphasis is also being paid to get ecological information about the lions inhabiting the eastern portions of Gir Sanctuary. The ultimate objective is of course to attempt a translocation operation in an effort to set up a second population of lions in the wild.","","","","","","","","Chellam_1987_Ecology_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2518","The Gir Lions","Chellam R;","1987 Aug ","","4IN;ecology;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","153","157","Vivekananda Kendra Patrika","","","","13","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_1987_Gir_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2519","The 1982 distribution patterns and status of some mammals on farms in south west Africa","Joubert E;Morsbach D;Wallis V;","1982  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;distribution;Felis nigripes;Felis silvestris lybica;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;questionnaire;status;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joubert_et_al_1982_Mammals_on_farms_in_south_west_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2520","Does the lion exist elsewhere in India?","Bulsara FFC;","","","4IN;distribution;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;status;","IN FILE","28","28","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bulsara_-_Does_the_lion_exist_elsewhere_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2521","The Indian Lion","Livesey TR;","1922  ","","4IN;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;record;","IN FILE","795","795","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","28","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Livesey_1922_Indian_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2522","Experiments in Implanting African Lions into Madhya Pradesh","Singh KS;","1956  ","","1Afr;4IN;competition;experiment;human-predator conflict;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;reintroduction;release;","IN FILE","465","468","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","53","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1956_Implanting_African_lions_into_Madhya_Pradesh.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2523","Lion v. Tiger","Gee EP;","1956  ","","4IN;competition;Gir;niche overlap;Panthera leo;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","171","173","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","54","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gee_1956_Lion_versus_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2524","Sand cat Felis (Otocolobus) margarita Loche 1858","Heptner VG;Sludskii AA;","1992  ","","7SU;diet;distribution;ecology;Felis margarita;morphology;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","636","665","","","","","Vol II, Part 2","Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)","Heptner VG;Naumov NP;","","Moscow","Vysshaya Shkola Publishers","English","","","","","Mammals of the Soviet Union","","","","","","","","","","Heptner_&_Sludskii_1992_Felis_margarita.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2525","And now the Gir - the governemtn grant of land to a temple trust inside the Gir Lion sanctuary is likely to stir a hornet's nest, says Rajiv Shah","Shah R;","1995 Feb 12 ","","4IN;Gir;management;nature reserve;nature reserve managenemt;Panthera leo;politics;","IN FILE","12","12","","","Sunday Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shah_1995_And_now_the_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2526","Breeding history of the pure Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica) at Arignar Anna zoological park, Vandalur, Madras - 48.","Basavaraju H;Manimozhi A;Baskar N;Sekar M;","1994 May ","","4IN;breeding;captive breeding;diet;history;housing;life history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","21","28","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Basavaraju_et_al_1994_Breeding_history_of_the_pure_Asiatic_Lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2527","Predator-prey relationships amongst the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park","Pienaar UdV;","1969  ","","1NA;1TZ;1ZA;Kruger National Park;Mammalia;predator-prey;","IN FILE","108","176","Koedoe","","","","12","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pienaar_1969_Predator-prey_amongst_mammals_of_the_Kruger_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2528","Extract: Löwe, Panthera leo & Leopard, Panthera pardusin: Säugetierknochenfunde vom Tell Hesban in Jordanien","Weiler D;","1981  ","German, english translation","5JO;paleontology;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","203","203","","","","","","","","","","Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin der Universität München","German","","","","","","","","","","","","Thesis","","","Weiler_1981_Saeugetierknochenfunde_vom_Tell_Hesban_in_Jordanien.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2529","Extract: Löwe, Panthera leoin: Die Tierknochenfunde aus der neolithischen Siedlung von Merimde-Benisalâme am westlichen Nildelta","von den Driesch A;Boessneck J;","1985  ","German, English translation","1EG;paleontology;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","45","45","","","","","","","","","München","Deutsches Archäologisches Institut - Abteilung Kairo","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Von_den_Driesch_&_Boessneck_1985_Die_Tierknochenfunde_aus_der_neolithischen_Siedlung.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2530","Distinguishing characteristics of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) and its distribution within historical time","Joslin P;","1986  ","","1Afr;45Asia;behavior;characteristic;distribution;history;natural history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1986_Characteristics_and_historical_distribution_of_the_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2531","Survey of the potential sites for re-introduction of Asiatic lions - Draft for comments","Chellam R;Joshua J;Williams CA;Johnsingh AJT;","1995  ","","4IN;distribution;habitat analysis;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;reintroduction;survey;","IN FILE","1","36","","","","","Final Report","","","","","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_et_al_1995_Survey_of_the_potential_sites_for_re-introduction_of_Asiatic_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2532","Efforts at translocation of the Asiatic lions in India","Chellam R;Johnsingh AJT;","1994  ","","4IN;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;translocation;","IN FILE","26","27","WII Newsletter","","","","9","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_&_Johnsingh_1994_Efforts_at_translocation_of_the_Asiatic_lions_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2533","Gir lions to be shifted to adjoining forest","Agnihotri A;","2000 Jul 13 ","","4IN;forest;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;translocation;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Agnihotri_2000_Gir_lions_to_be_shifted_to_adjoining_forest.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2534","Translocation of lions: Consideration of tiger's presence","Saxena R;","1994 May ","","4IN;compensation program;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;Panthera tigris;translocation;","IN FILE","14","14","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saxena_1994_Translocation_of_Lions_-_Consideration_of_Tigers_presence.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2535","A note on the translocation of the Asiatic lions(Note submitted to the Minister of Environment, Forest and Wildlife","Chellam R;","1993 Jun ","","4IN;conservation;environment;forest;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;translocation;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chellam_1993_Note_on_the_translocation_of_the_Asiatic_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2536","Aspects of serval ecology in Natal","Bowland JM;","1992  ","","1ZA;diet;ecology;habitat use;Leptailurus serval;Natal;Zululand;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bowland_1992_Serval_ecology_in_Natal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2537","Lion-human conflicts in Gir forest and adjoining areas","Saberwal VK;Chellam R;Johnsingh AJT;Rodgers WA;","1990 Aug ","","4IN;attack on human;conflict;forest;Gir;history;human-predator conflict;livestock damage;maneater;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;questionnaire;","IN FILE","1","64","","","","","","","","","Dehra Dun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saberwal_et_al_1990_Lion-human_conflicts_in_Gir_forest_and_adjoining_areas.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2538","IUCN Statement on Banning of Tiger Hunting","","1970  Oct-Dec","","4IN;hunting (by human);IUCN;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","148","148","IUCN Bulletin","","","","2","","","17","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1970_IUCN_Statement_on_banning_of_tiger_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2539","The serval Felis serval Schreber, 1776","Smithers RHN;","1978  ","","characteristic;diet;ecology;Leptailurus serval;morphology;","IN FILE","29","37","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smithers_1978_Felis_serval.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2540","Diet, home range and movement patterns of serval on farmland in Natal","Bowland JM;","1990  ","","1ZA;diet;home range;Leptailurus serval;movement pattern;Natal;","IN FILE","1","96","","","","","","","","","","Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg","English","","","","","","","Servals (Felis Serval) are rare cats occurring in the Natal midlands farmland, Drakensberg mountains and in game reserves in Zululand. They are thought to be extremely uncommon on farmland, yet are sometimes caught and killed in predator control programmes . The objectives of this study were to determine home range, habitat requirements, population density and diet of servals and thereby propose management recommendations for their conservation on farmland in the Natal midlands. Radio-telemetry was used to determine home range and habitat requirements, while diet was determined using scat analysis . Prey availability and vegetation changes in the habitat were monitored seasonally. Servals range over areas of 15-30km2, but concentrate their activity in wetland areas where their preferred prey, Otomys irroratus, are most abundant. Over 90 % of serval prey comprises small mammals, which occur at high density in the wetlands, but low density elsewhere in the study area . The results of this project have highlighted the importance of wetlands to farmland ecosystems.","","","","","","","","Bowland_1990_Ecology_of_serval_on_farmland_in_Natal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2541","Predation on large mammals in the Kafue National Park, Zambia","Mitchell BL;Shenton JB;Uys JCM;","1965  ","","1ZA;Kafue National Park;Mammalia;predation;predator-prey;","IN FILE","297","318","Zoologica Africana","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mitchell_et_al_1965_Predation_on_large_mammals_in_Zambia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2542","Impacts of management practices on lion and ungulate habitats in Gir protected area. Technical Report.","Sharma D;Johnsingh AJT;","1995 Apr ","","4IN;Gir;habitat;management;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;nature reserve;ungulate;vegetation;","IN FILE","1","95","","","","","","","","","Dehradun","Wldlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharma_&_Johnsingh_1995_Management_impacts_on_habitats_in_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2543","The Conservation and Management of the Carnivore Community of Tropical Dry Forests in Mexico - Progress Report","Lopez Gonzalez CA;Laundre JW;Gonzalez-Romero A;","1996  ","","2MX;Carnivora;conservation;forest;Leopardus pardalis;management;Panthera onca;predator-prey;Puma concolor;tropical dry forest;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lopez-Gonzales_1996_Conservation_and_Management_of_the_Carnivore_Community_in_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2544","Preliminary notes on the mammals of the Namib Desert Park","Stuart CT;","1975  ","Pages 5-6,9,41-44","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;distribution;Felidae;Felis silvestris lybica;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;record;","IN FILE","41","44","Madoqua","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_1975_Mammals_of_the_Namib_Desert_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2545","The past and present distribution of the lion in south eastern Asia","Kinnear NB;","1920  ","","5Asia;natural history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","33","39","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kinnear_1920_Past_and_present_distribution_of_the_lion_in_south_eastern_Asia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2546","The lion census of 1955","Wynther-Blyth MA;","1956  ","","4IN;population size;distribution;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;population trend;","IN FILE","527","536","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","53","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wynther-Blyth_1956_Lion_census_of_1955.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2547","The Gir forest and its lions (Part I)","Wynther-Blyth MA;","1949  ","","4IN;attack on human;forest;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;politics;population size;","IN FILE","493","514","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","48","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wynther-Blyth_1949_Gir_forest_and_its_lions1.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2548","The Gir forest and its lions (Part II)","Wynther-Blyth MA;Dharmakumarsinhji KS;","1951  ","","4IN;attack on human;forest;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;politics;population size;","IN FILE","436","470","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","49","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wynther-Blyth_1951_Gir_forest_and_its_lions2.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2549","The Gir forest and its lions (Part III)","Dharmakumarsinhji KS;Wynther-Blyth MA;","1951  ","","4IN;attack on human;forest;Gir;history;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;politics;population size;","IN FILE","687","694","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","49","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wynther-Blyth_1951_Gir_forest_and_its_lions3.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2550","Lion-Hunting","Shoberl F;","1822  ","","4IN;Hindoostan;human-predator conflict;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","165","172","","","","","","Lion Hunting in the World in Miniature: Hindoostan, Vol. IV","","","London","Ackermann","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoberl_1822_Lion_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","2551","A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)","Fox JL;","1989  ","","4Asia;behavior;captive breeding;characteristic;diet;distribution;ecology;habitat;home range;hunting behavior;life history;mating behavior;movement pattern;ontogenesis;prey;reproduction;spatial organization;status;Uncia uncia;vocalisation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Seattle, New York","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_1989_Status_and_ecology_of_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2552","Results of National Wildlife Inventory and Proposals for Modification of the Law on Hunting","Limoges B;","1989  ","French version: Limoges_1989_Resultats_de_l_inventaire_faunique.pdf","1GW;hunting (by human);hunting management;law;legislation;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","Direction generale des services forestiers et de la chasse","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Limoges_1989_National_wildlife_inventory_and_hunting_law.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2553","Plan to conserve snow leopard","","1988 Nov 8 ","","4IN;conservation;Himalaya;nature reserve;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","National Herald","","","","","","","","New Delhi","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Plan_to_conserve_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","2554","An annotated bibliography of literature on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)","Fox JL;","1989  ","","bibliography;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_1989_Snow_leopard_bibliography.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2555","Jungle Cat Felis (Felis) chaus Güldenstaedt, 1776","Heptner VG;Sludskii AA;","1992  ","","7SU;characteristic;diet;distribution;ecology;Felis chaus;morphology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","356","399","","","","","Vol 2 Part 2","Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)","Heptner VG;Naumov NP;","","Moskow","Vysshaya Shkola Publishers","English","","","","","Mammals of the Soviet Union","","","","","","","","","","Heptner_&_Sludskii_1992_Felis_chaus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2556","The sand cat Felis margarita Loche, 1858 in Egypt","Goodman SM;Helmt I;","1986  ","","1EG;Felis margarita;morphology;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","120","123","Mammalia","","","","50","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goodman_&_Helmt_1986_Felis_margarita_in_Egypt.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2557","Religion and the snow leopard in Nepal","Ale SB;","1998  ","","4NP;culture;public attitude;religion;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","10","10","Snow Leopard News","","","","16","","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","An understanding and appreciation of local culture and religion can contribute to the design of specific conservation strategies that harness conservation-aligned beliefs for the benefit of endangered species such as the snow leopard.","","","","","","","","Ale_1998_Religion_and_the_Snow_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2558","Snow leopard conservation in Kyrghyzstan","Harder T;Toropova V;","2000 Oct ","","4KG;conservation;poaching;population trend;threat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","1","IUCN Newsletter Central Asia","","","","","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Harder_&_Toropora_2000_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_Kyrghyzstan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2559","A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia","McCarthy TM;","1999 Dec 14 ","Consultant's report to WWFThis document contains revisions on an earlier draft preceeding the 'Snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia Draft', RefID: 3213","4MN;action plan;CCT;cct_ni;conflict;conservation;habitat;human;human-carnivore conflict;management;poaching;prey;protected area;snow leopard;strategy;threat;threats;trade;Uncia uncia;WWF;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This document contains revisions on an earlier draft preceeding the 'Snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia Draft' published by WWF in March 2000. The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress.","","","","","","","","McCarthy_1999_Snow_leopard_conservation_plan_for_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2560","Snow leopard conservation in the wild - A comprehensive perspective on a low density and highly fragmented population","Fox JL;","1994  ","","4Asia;conservation;density;distribution;population;population size;population trend;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","3","15","","","","","","Proceedings of the seventh international snow leopard symposium, held in Xining, Quaghai, People's Republic of China, July 25-30, 1992","Fox JL;Jizeng D;","","","International Snow Leopard Trust & Chicago Zoological Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_1994_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2561","Lista Anotada dos Mamiferos do Brasil","da Fonseca GAB;Herrmann G;Leite YLR;Mittermeier RA;Rylands AB;Patton JL;","1996  ","","2BR;biodiversity;diet;habitat;locomotion;Mammalia;weight;conservation;conservation biology;biology;","IN FILE","1","38","","","","","","","","4","","Conservation International & FUndação Biodiversitas","Portuguese","","","","","Ocasional Papers in Conservation Biology","","This document presents an updated list of the Brazilian mammal fauna, including terrestrial, aquatic and marine species. According to existing data, the country harbors 483 continental and 41 marine mammals, totalling 524 species, distributed among 11 orders, 46 families and 213 genera. These estimates indicate that Brazil has the most diverse mammalian fauna in the world, with Indonesia a close second. This annotated list of Brazilian mammals includes information of species occurrence in its major biomes, along with body weights, diet, and locomotor adaptations, as well as common names.","","","","","","","","Da_Fonseca_et_al_1996_Lista_anotada_dos_mamiferos_do_Brasil.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2562","Comparative notes on predation by lion, leopard, cheetah and wild dog in the Serengeti area, east Africa","Kruuk H;Turner M;","","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;area;Gazella thomsoni;mortality;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;predation;Serengeti;","IN FILE","1","23","Mammalia","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kruuk_&_Turner_-_Predation_in_the_Serengeti_area.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2563","Winter home range of snow leopards in Népal","Oli MK;","1997  ","","4NP;home range;telemetry;spatial organization;Uncia uncia;winter;","IN FILE","355","360","Mammalia","","","","61","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1997_Winter_home_range_of_snow_leopards_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2564","Seasonal patterns in habitat use of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in Nepal","Oli MK;","1996  ","","4NP;Bovidae;habitat;habitat use;prey;Pseudois nayaur;spatial use;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","187","193","Mammalia","","","","60","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1996_Seasonal_patterns_in_habitat_use_of_blue_sheep_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2566","The Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, in Mongolia","Mallon DP;","1984  ","","4MN;conservation;distribution;hunting (by human);livestock damage;public attitude;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","3","10","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mallon_1984_Snow_leopard_in_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2567","Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations","Green MJB;","1994  ","","4Asia;conservation;conservation strategy;habitat protection;nature reserve;population;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Tiger Paper","","","","","Seventh international snow leopard symposium, held in Xining, Quaghai, People's Republic of China, July 25-30, 1992","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_1994_Protecting_the_mountains_of_Central_Asia_and_their_snow_leopard_populations.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2568","Outcry over Mongolian bounty on snow leopards","Bhatia S;","1986 Dec 27 ","Two dates mentioned: 04.01.1987","4MN;hunting (by human);public attitude;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Observer","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhatia_1986_Outcry_over_Mongolian_bounty_on_snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2569","The sand cat - a formidable snake hunter","Dragesco-Joffe A;","1993  ","(Translation - French original see ID 1927)","1Afr;desert;diet;ecology;Felis margarita;Sahara;sand cat;snake;","IN FILE","129","133","","","","","","La Vie Sauvage du Sahara","","","Lausanne","Delachaux et Niestlé","English","","","","","","","The sand cat (Felis margarita) is admirably suited to its name and only lives in truly sandy regions of the Sahara. It has so many things in common with the fennec that it is almost obligatory to draw a parallel between the two animals. The place occupied by the sand cat among the Felids is, in fact, exactly equivalent to that occupied by the fennec among the Canids. They represent, each for its group, the species which in the course of evolution has developed the best adaptations for a hyper-arid environment. The sand cat is undoubtedly the only cat capable of living in the depths of the desert and, like the fennec has, on this account, a real fascination for the Saharan naturalist such as mvself. The sand cat is very small, weighing no more than 2.4 kg on average (3 kg maximum) and rarely measures more than 25 cm at the shoulder and 80 an in total length (maximum 92 cm), including its tail of 32 cm. That makes it the smallest cat living in the Sahara and one of the smallest on the Black Continent, since only the black-footed cat (Felis nigripes) - its homologue of the arid regions of southern Africa - is smaller in size. The general appearance of the sand cat does not resemble in any way that of the wildcat of Africa. Photographs do not do it justice, because it is above all in moving that the animal shows the difference. It has a particularly clumsy air, because its legs are unusually short and seem too wide apart. This oddity is even more accentuated by the fact that the animal tends to graze the ground as it walks. As it has, moreover, an oversized head, the first contact with this animal is striking and unforgettable.","","","","","","","","Dragesco-Joffe_1993_The_sand_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2570","The snow leopard: a flagship for biodiversity in the Mountains of Central AsiaProceeding of the 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium, 12-16 November 1995 - Islamabad, Pakistan","Jackson P;","1995  ","","4Asia;biodiversity;conservation;flagship species;poaching;threat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1995_Snow_leopard_-_flagship_for_biodiversity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2571","Conservation of snow leopards - PreambleResolutions of Snow Leopard Symposia","","1995  ","","4Asia;conservation;conservation strategy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","Fifth Symposium: Srinagar, October 1986 / Sixth Symposium: Alma-Ata, October 5, 1989 / Seventh Symposium: July 1992, Xining, China","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Conservation_of_snow_leopard_-_symposium.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2572","Habitat selection by a snow leopard in Hemis National Park, India","Chundawat RS;","1990  ","","4IN;ecology;habitat;habitat selection;Hemis High Altitude National Park;home range;telemetry;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","85","92","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chundawat_1990_Habitat_selection_by_a_snow_leopard_in_Hemis_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2573","The ecological studies of snow leopard and its associated prey species in Hemis High Altitude National Park, Ladakh","Chundawat RS;Panwar HS;Rawat GS;","1989  ","","4IN;capture;Hemis High Altitude National Park;home range;immobilization;Ladakh;movement pattern;prey;Pseudois nayaur;telemetry;trap;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","0","27","","","","","1","","","","Dehradun","Wildlife institute of India","English","","","","","Technical Report (No. RR-1)","","The overall male to female ratio for blue sheep was close to unity. Their rut was observed from 17th December 1987 to the middle of January 1988, with a peak between the 20th and 30th of December 87. The first new born lamb was seen on 17th June 1988. This closely matches reports in earlier studies on blue sheep in Nepal (Schaller 1977; Wilson 1983). A separation of males into bachelor herds occurring at higher elevations than mixed herds was observed after the rut was over. Variation in the number of young males (CI.I) per 100 females showed no seasonal pattern and is difficult to explain. An altitudinal migration from winter to summer was observed. Use of aspects varied with season. In winter southern aspects were used most whereas in spring the northern and western aspects were used the most and in association with a smooth terrain. This may be explained by the fact that they were feeding mostly on roots of Physochlaina praealta which grows mostly on the deep soil of northern and western aspects where it is easier to dig when snow is melting and the slopes are moist. In summer, they use the high pastures at the watershed which are mostly north facing. Overall, blue sheep use slopes of various steepness, though they were mostly seen using the steep slopes (25° - 45°). These steep slopes are mostly associated with rugged and broken country interspersed with cliffs. It appears that during the rut in winter the blue sheep prefer steep and broken terrain. Deep snow cover was avoided as they were not seen above 4,600m during winter.","","","","","","","","Chundawat_et_al_1989_Ecology_of_snow_leopard_and_its_prey.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2574","Elusive and endangered: The snow leopard of Central Asia","Loginov I;Loginov O;","1995 Aug ","","4Asia;conservation;distribution;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","19","21","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loginov_&_Loginov_1995_Snow_leopard_in_Central_Asia.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2575","Snow leopard trade in Court","","1984 Apr ","","4IN;legislation;poaching;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1984_Snow_leopard_trade_in_court.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2576","Wildlife conservation and land-use changes in the transhimalayan region of Ladakh, India","Fox JL;Nurbu C;Bhatt S;Chandola A;","1994  ","","4IN;conservation;economy;Ladakh;landscape;nature reserve;wildlife;","IN FILE","39","60","Mountain Research and Development","","","","14","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_et_al_1994_Wildlife_conservation_and_land-use_changes_in_Ladakh.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2577","Resolutions of the Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium- held in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 12-16 November 1995","","1995  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;flagship species;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium, Islamabad, Pakistan, from 12-16 November 1995","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Eighth_Snow_Leopard_Symposium.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2578","Makalau-Barun conservation project - Description I","","1992 Jan ","","4NP;conservation;Makalau-Barun;nature reserve;project;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","Kathmandu, Nepal","Mount Everest Ecosystem Conservation Program & Woodlands Mounatin Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Makalau-Barun_conservation_project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2579","Qomolangma Nature Preserve of the Tibet Autonomous Regioin of China - Description I","","1992 Jan ","","4CN;conservation;nature reserve;Qomolangma Nature Preserve;Tibet;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","Kathmandu, Nepal","Mount Everest Ecosystem Conservation Program","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Qomolangma_Nature_Preserve_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2580","Past:present distribution of the lion in North Africa","Jackson A;","","unpublished","1Afr;4IN;5Asia;distribution;Panthera leo;record;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Distribution_of_the_lion_in_North_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2581","Hemis, a national park for snow leopard in India's trans-himalaya","Fox JL;Nurbu C;","1990  ","","4IN;conservation;Hemis High Altitude National Park;Himalaya;nature reserve managenemt;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_&_Nurbu_1990_Hemis_-_a_national_park_for_snow_leopard_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2582","Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status","Green MJB;","1987  ","","4Asia;4BT;4CN;4IN;4MN;4NP;5AF;5PK;7SU;distribution;nature reserve;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","10","Tiger Paper","","","","14","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_1987_Protected_areas_and_snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2583","Status and conservation of large mammals in Ladakh","Mallon DP;","1991  ","","4IN;Canis lupus;Capra ibex;conservation;Ladakh;Pseudois nayaur;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","101","119","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","56","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mallon_1991_Conservation_of_large_mammals_in_Ladakh.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2584","SSC plan for snow leopard - Draft","Jackson R;","1992 Sep 22 ","","conservation;conservation strategy;SSC;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1992_SSC_plan_for_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2585","Snow leopard distribution","Fox JL;","","","4BT;4CN;4IN;4KZ;4MN;4NP;5PK;7RU;distribution;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_-_Snow_leopard_distribution_map.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2586","Snow leopards and a local human population in a protected area: A case study from the Nepalese Himalaya","Oli MK;","1995  ","(Manuscript)","4NP;Himalaya;poaching;population;nature reserve;Pseudois nayaur;public attitude;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1995_Snow_leopards_and_a_local_human_population_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2587","Cats - Snow leopard (Habits of several predators)","Schaller GB;","1977  ","","diet;distribution;feeding behavior;Himalaya;predator;social behavior;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","146","159","","","","","","Mountain Monarchs - Wild sheep and goats of the Himalaya","","","Chicago","University of Chicago Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_1977_Snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2588","Draft status and distribution report for snow leopard","Jackson R;","1990 Feb 3 ","","4BT;4CN;4IN;4MN;4NP;5AF;5PK;7SU;conservation;distribution;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1990_Draft_status_and_distribution_report_for_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2589","Snow leopard recovery plan (submitted to: Species Survival Commission, Cat Specialist Group)","Jackson R;","1990 Jan 31 ","","4Asia;anti-poaching;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;corridor;Himalaya;human;human-carnivore conflict;hunting;livestock;livestock damage;local participation;local people;management;nature reserve;protected area;snow leopard;tourism;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This is the draft of an international snow leopard recovery plan, submitted to the Species Surivival Commission Cat Specialist Group. Its objectives are to use the snow leopard as a keystone species and ambassador for the mountain environment, and to expant current knowledge about the species. Snow leopards should be protected inside and outside of protected areas, corridors between protected areas should be established and the prey base for snow leopards secured.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1990_Snow_leopard_recovery_plan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2590","Survey of Kanchenjunga area in Ne Taplejung district of Nepal","Wegge P;","1991 Jul 6 ","","4NP;ecotourism;Hemitragus jemlahicus;hunting (by human);Nemorhaedus goral;Panthera pardus;Pseudois nayaur;status;survey;tourism;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF Project 4102 / Nepal - wildlife utilization","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wegge_1991_Survey_of_Kanchenjunga_area_in_Ne_Taplejung_district_of_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2591","Some ideas for the cat action plan","Jackson R;","1989  ","","action plan;conservation;conservation strategy;Cat Specialist Group IUCN;Felidae;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1989_Some_ideas_for_the_cat_action_plan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2592","Appendix: Snow leopard managment recommendations provided to HMGin: Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I","Jackson R;Ahlborn GG;","1986 Sep ","document is a part of the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I","4NP;action plan;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;Himalaya;human;human-carnivore conflict;hunting;livestock;livestock damage;local participation;local people;management;protected area;snow leopard;tourism;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","Himalayan Snow Leopard Project","English","","","","","","","Preliminary recommendations for the management of snow leopard and its prey are provided for the Langu Valley segment of the Shey-Pkoksundo National Park. Park-wide and country-wide conservation options and management recommendations await results of the surveys scheduled for 1987. The following management objectives are formulated: 1) Protection and ultimate restoration of all natural communities within the area 2) Special protection measures for snow leopard and musk deer (strict control of hunting and livestock grazing) 3) Secure natural resources around local villages 4) Respect traditional rights of villagers, while controlling high impact human activities 5) Secure cooperation of local people.  These objectives are refined and recommendations for concrete conservation actions are made.","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Ahlborn_1986_Snow_leopard_management_recommendations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2593","Sovereign of a manaced realm","Nolte-Wilson B;","1990  ","","behavior;Chitral Gol;tracking;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","2","5","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","8","","","2","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nolte-Wilson_1990_Sovereign_of_a_manaced_realm.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2594","Ungulate densities and biomass in the tropical dry deciduous forests of Gir, Gujarat, India","Khan JA;Chellam R;Rodgers WA;Johnsingh AJT;","1996  ","","4IN;Axis axis;biomass;Cervus unicolor;density;ecological impact;forest;Gir;Gir National Park;grazing;Gujarat;ungulate;","IN FILE","149","162","Journal of Tropical Ecology","Trop Ecol ","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_et_al_1996_Ungulate_density_and_biomass_in_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2595","A preliminary study on the geographical distribution of snow leopards in China","Yanfa L;Bangjie T;","","","4CN;distribution;population size;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yanfa_&_Bangjie_-_Distribution_of_snow_leopards_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2596","Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project - Progress Report # 2","Oli MK;","1991  ","","4IN;activity;capture;conservation;ecology;home range;immobilization;project;Pseudois nayaur;telemetry;faecal analysis;social behavior;trap;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1991_Ecology_and_conservation_of_snow_leopard_project.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2597","Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India","Fox JL;","1991  ","","4IN;Capra ibex;conservation;Himalaya;Ladakh;population size;protected area;Pseudois nayaur;recovery;snow leopard;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","283","298","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","55","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A nine-month survey of snow leopard status was carried out in selected regions of India's three northwestern Himalayan states. Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in central Ladakh and decreased southward. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic Ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the north of the Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopards occur throughout northwest India. Several national parks in India's Himalaya probably include small numbers of snow leopard, but the stronghold of this species is apparently the trans-Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a 'snow leopard recovery programme' of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopards, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves.","","","","","","","","Fox_1991_Status_of_snow_leopard_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2598","Snow leopards and other wildlife in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet","Jackson R;","1991  ","","4CN;observation;Qomolangma Nature Preserve;Tibet;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1991_Snow_leopards_and_other_wildlife_in_the_Qomolangma_Nature_Preserve_of_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2599","Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal - Home range and movements","Jackson R;Ahlborn GG;","1989  ","","4NP;home range;movement pattern;spatial use;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","161","175","National Geographic Research","","","","5","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Ahlborn_1989_Snow_leopard_home_range_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2600","The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China","Schaller GB;Hong L;Talipu;Junrang R;Ming Jiang Q;","1988 Oct ","","4CN;conservation;conservation strategy;nature reserve;Uncia uncia;Xinjiang;","IN FILE","197","204","Oryx","","","","22","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_et_al_1988_Snow_leopards_in_Xinjiang.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2601","Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China","Schaller GB;Junrang R;Ming Jiang Q;","1988  ","","4CN;population size;Pseudois nayaur;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","179","194","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","45","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_et_al_1988_Status_of_the_snow_leopard_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2602","Aiding the Elusive Snow Leopard","Rude K;","1985 Jan ","","4Asia;characteristic;conservation;conservation strategy;fur trade;management;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","5","Endangered Species Technical Bulletin","","","","2","","","3 (Speciel Reprint Issue)","Michigan","Wildland management center, University of Michigan","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rude_1985_Aiding_the_elusive_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2603","Observations of snow leopard stalking, killing, and feeding behavior","Fox JL;Chundawat RS;","1988  ","","behavior;diet;feeding;feeding behavior;foraging behavior;hunting behavior;observation;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","137","140","Mammalia","","","","52","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_&_Chundawat_1988_Snow_leopard_foraging_behavior.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2604","Endangered Wildlife - Ounce","Bhattarai MK;","1978 Mar 3 ","","4Asia;behavior;diet;endangered species;status;threat;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Rising Nepal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhattarai_1978_Ounce.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2605","First report on the snow leopard studbook (Panthera uncia) and 1976 world register","Blomqvist L;","1978  ","","captive breeding;distribution;Studbook;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","227","231","International Zoo Yearbook","","","","18","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1978_Snow_leopard_studbook_and_world_register.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2606","On identifying snow leopards, Panthera uncia, by their facial markings","Blomqvist L;Nystroem V;","1980  ","","identification;faeces;faecal analysis;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","159","167","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_&_Nystroem_1980_Snow_leopard_identifying_by_faeces.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2607","The 1979 world register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia","Blomqvist L;","1980  ","","captive breeding;captive population;population;population dynamics;reproduction;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","62","75","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1980_World_register_for_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2608","Chromosome studies in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) - Preliminary report","Soederlund V;Gripenberg U;Wahlberg C;Blomqvist L;","1980  ","","chromosome analysis;genetics;Multiple Ocular Coloboma;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","168","182","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Soederlund_1980_Chromosome_studies_in_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2609","Snow leopard references 3","Blomqvist L;","1982  ","","bibliography;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","173","175","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1982_Snow_leopard_references.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2610","Snow leopard references","Blomqvist L;Rieger I;","1980  ","","bibliography;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","258","262","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_&_Rieger_1980_Snow_leopard_references.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2611","The 3. Snow Leopard Register","Blomqvist L;","1982  ","","captive breeding;captive population;Studbook;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","145","164","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1982_Snow_Leopard_Register.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2612","Further observations on the multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in the snow leopard, Panthera uncia","Wahlberg C;Tarkkanen A;Blomqvist L;","1982  ","","captive breeding;disease;Multiple Ocular Coloboma;observation;Uncia uncia;veterinary;","IN FILE","139","144","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wahlberg_et_al_1982_MOC_in_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2613","Comparison of chromosome banding patterns in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and in other felids","Gripenberg U;Soederlund V;Wahlberg C;Blomqvist L;","1982  ","","chromosome analysis;Lynx sp.;Multiple Ocular Coloboma;Pantherinae;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","135","138","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gripenberg_et_al_1982_Chromosome_banding_pattern_in_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2614","Reproductive biology of the snow leopard, Panthera uncia","Blomqvist L;Sten I;","1982  ","","biology;captive breeding;conservation;distribution;mating behavior;oestrous cycle;ontogenesis;reproduction;sexual maturity;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","71","79","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_&_Sten_1982_Reproductive_biology_of_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2615","The 1981 Annual report of the captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) population","Blomqvist L;","1982  ","","captive breeding;captive population;population;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","41","47","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1982_Captive_snow_leopard_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2616","Distribution and status of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)","Blomqvist L;","1980  ","","4CN;4IN;4MN;4NP;5AF;5PK;characteristic;diet;distribution;population size;social behavior;status;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","15","20","Tiger Paper","","","","7","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1980_Distribution_and_status_of_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2617","Aspects of the population ecology of blue sheep in Nepal","Wegge P;","1979  ","","4NP;ecology;group size;population;population dynamics;population size;Pseudois nayaur;","IN FILE","10","20","Journal of Asian Ecology","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wegge_1979_Populations_of_blue_sheep_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2618","Report on the snow leopard research project of W.I.I.","Panwar HS;","1988  ","","Canis lupus;Capra ibex;Hemitragus jemlaticus;Marmota sp.;Ockotona roylei;Ovis ammon;Ovis orientalis;project;Pseudois nayaur;research;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Panwar_1988_Report_on_the_snow_leopard_research_project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2619","Assessment of Khunjerab National Park and environs, PakistanSurvey 16 October - 17 November 1988(submitted to IUCN)","Wegge P;","1988 Dec 12 ","","5PK;Canis lupus;conservation;IUCN;Khunjerab National Park;Uncia uncia;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","1","24","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wegge_1988_Assessment_of_Khunjerab_National_Park_Pakistan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2620","Occurence, population and management problems of endangered species in Khunjerab National ParkPart I Marcopolo sheep and associated species","Khan AA;Khan L;Saeed-Uz-Zaman;","1989  ","","5PK;endangered species;Khunjerab National Park;management;Ovis ammon;Ovis ammon polii;population;population size;status;Uncia uncia;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_et_al_1989_Marcopolo_sheep_in_Khunjerab_national_park.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2621","In Mongolia, taking stock of rare animals","","1990 Aug 23 ","","4MN;hunting (by human);livestock damage;management;tourism;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","A12","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_In_Mongolia_taking_stock_of_rare_animals.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2622","Open season on snow leopard and HK could catch the flak","Mackay C;","1987 Apr 19 ","","4HK;4MN;hunting (by human);management;tourism;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","South China Morning Post","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mackay_1987_Open_season_on_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2623","Protection of snow leopards through grazier communities - some examples from WWF-Pakistan's projects in northern areas","Ahmad A;","1992  ","","5PK;conservation;livestock damage;nature reserve;poaching;project;Uncia uncia;protection;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","'7th International Snow Leopard Symposium', Xining, People's Republic of China from 26th July to 31st July, 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ahmad_1992_Snow_leopard_protection_and_grazier_communities.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2624","Livestock and snow leopards: Making room for competing users on the Tibetan plateau","Miller DJ;Jackson R;","1992  ","","4CN;conservation;conservation strategy;livestock;livestock damage;management;Tibet;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","7th International Snow Leopard Symposium, Xining, People's Republic of China from 26th July to 31st July, 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miller_&_Jackson_1992_Livestock_and_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2625","Conservation of Snow Leopard - Resolutions","","1992  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;management;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","7th International Snow Leopard Symposium, Xining, People's Republic of China, July 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Resolutions_on_snow_leopard_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2626","The 7th International Snow Leopard Symposium - Presentation AbstractsXining, People's Republic of China, July 1992","","1992  ","","4Asia;behavior;conservation;conservation strategy;ecology;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust, U.S.A.","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Snow_leopard_symposium.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2627","Snow leopards in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of the Tibet Autonomous Region","Jackson R;Zhongyi W;Xuedong L;Chen Y;","1992  ","","4CN;distribution;management;Qomolangma Nature Preserve;questionnaire;Tibet;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","7th International Snow Leopard Symposium, Xining, People's Republic of China, July 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_et_al_1992_Snow_leopards_in_the_Qomolangma_Nature_Preserve_Tibet.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2628","Further study on the geographical distribution and conservation of snow leopard in Qinghai, P.R.China","Yang Q;","1992  ","","4CN;conservation;distribution;human impact;Qinghai;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","7th International Snow Leopard Symposium, Xining, People's Republic of China, July 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yang_1992_Distribution_and_conservation_of_snow_leopard_in_Qinghai_China.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2629","A review of Lebanese mammals, Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla","Lewis RE;Lewis JH;Atallah SI;","1968  ","","5LB;Artiodactyla;Carnivora;distribution;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris tristrami;Hyracoidea;Pinnipedia;record;","IN FILE","517","531","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","154","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lewis_et_al_1968_A_review_of_Lebanese_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2630","Wildlife biology of the Sundarban forests. A study of the habit and habitat of the tigers","Chaudhuri AB;Chakraborty K;","1973  ","","4BD;4IN;biology;feeding behavior;forest;habitat;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","63","66","","Bull Batan Soc Bengal","","","26","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The tigers of the amphibious terrain of the Sundarban stand supreme in the tiger map of the world. They have been described in this tropical green forests as hereditary man-eaters, fiercest, most cunning and intelligent of all tigers. The present study describes their habitat types and explains with the aid of maps and series of graphs and histograms, their operational zone, comparative casualty pattern among different professional men, casualty in various age-groups of men, monthly and hourly pattern of casualty. It also includes comments on some of the habits, breeding potential and food-habits of the man-eating tigers of the West Bengal portion of the Sundarban. It would appear that with its vast expanse of tidal swamps, studded closely with fantastic labyrinths, bifurcations, interlacing and looping of rivers around tiny mud-flats, the Sundarban forests, one of the thickest and impenetrable in the world, owing to soft mud, pneumatophores, venomous snake, sharp toothed shark, lusty crocodile, and mysterious flamboyant tigers will be the most absorbing attraction for the biologists and naturalists in the years to come.","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakraborty_1973_Study_of_the_habit_and_habitat_of_Sunderban_forests.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2631","Goliath heron in th Sunderbans, west Bengal","Jackson P;","1976  ","","4IN;Ardea goliath;Bengal;record;Sundarban;","IN FILE","608","609","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","71","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1976_Goliath_Heros_in_the_Sunderbans.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2632","Mountain refugia in southern Arabia: their zoogeographical significance and special importance for conservation","Bates PJJ;","1991  ","","5OM;5SA;Arabia;conservation;desert;refugia;zoogeography;Palaearctic;status;","IN FILE","209","215","","","","","","Mammals in the Palaearctic desert: Status and trends in the Sahara-Gobian Region","McNeely JA;Neronov VM;","","Moscow","The Russian Acedemy of Sciences, and the Russian Committee for the UNESCO programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)","English","","","","","","","In southern Arabia, mammals adapted to mesic conditions are now confined to the mountains on the periphery of the peninsula. This is a result of the increasing aridity experienced in the region since end of the Miocene and the consequent formation of desert habitat types in the lowlands. In the Asir/Yemen mountains and in Dhofar the mammal faunas have strong Ethiopian affinities, whilst in North Oman, Irano-Oriental elements are more abundant. Isolation has led to the evolution of taxa endemic to the region. These species and subspecies have limited geographical ranges and consequently a small population sizes, making them vulnerable to extinction. The mountain regions with their favourable climates and more fertile soils area being increasingly utilised by man for agricultural purposes. There is therefore a need for judicious development policies and, where possible, the establishment of more nature reserves.","","","","","","","","Bates_1991_Mountain_refugia_in_southern_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2633","International Symposium 'Wildlife Fauna in Turkey and in the Balkan Countries'","","1987  ","Only pages 55, 68-69, 74-75","8TR;Balkan;Caracal caracal;distribution;fauna;Felis chaus;Felis silvestris;Lynx lynx;Lynx pardinus;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus tulliana;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","16-20 September 1987 Istanbul/Turkey","","","Ankara","Senin Offset","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Felidae_in_Turkey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2634","Use of electroconvulsive shocks to control tiger predation on human beings in Sunderbans tiger reserve","Chowdhury MK;Sanyal P;","1985  ","","4BD;4IN;attack on human;electric fence;maneater;method;Panthera tigris;predation;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","5","Tiger Paper","","","","7","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chowdhury_&_Sanyal_1985_Electric_shocks_to_control_tiger_predation_on_human_beings.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2635","70 killed by tigers in Bangladesh","","1987 Jan 23 ","","4BD;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","Rising Nepal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Humans_killed_by_tigers_in_Bangladesh.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2636","A Brief Assessment and Review of the Sunderban Tiger Project","Singh AN;","","","4BD;4IN;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;project;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_-_Sunderban_Tiger_Project.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2637","Sunderbans tiger brought to Alipore zoo","","1977 Jul 23 ","","4IN;attack on human;capture;Project Tiger;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","Statesman","","","","","","","Calcutta","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1977_Sunderbans_tiger_brought_to_Alipore_Zoo.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2638","Bengal declines to declare Sundari a man-eater","Bey H;","1974 Aug 14 ","","4IN;Bengal;habitat;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","Statesman","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bey_1974_Bengal_declines_to_declare_Sundari_a_man-eater.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2639","Animals and men","","1975 May 19 ","","4IN;poaching;Project Tiger;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","Statesman Weekly","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1975_Animals_and_men.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2640","Banbibi and her tigers","Green MJB;","1988 Jun ","","4BD;4IN;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","12","13","Zoo Check News","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_1988_Banbibi_and_her_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2641","Shot ends a tiger's long reign of terror","Karim S;","","","hunting (by human);maneater;poaching;Sumatra;trade;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karim_-_Shot_ends_a_tigers_long_reign_of_terror.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2642","Maneating tiger","","1983 Nov 24 ","","4IN;kill rate;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","Sunderbans Journal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Maneating_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2643","Wild life biology of Sundarbans forests - Bio-ecological study on fish and fish resources and biological basis of a rational fishery","Chaudhuri AB;Chakrabarti K;","1974 Mar ","","biology;fishing;forest;Hilsa ilsha;Lates calcarifer;Mugil parsia;Mugil tade;Pices;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","93","99","Science and Culture","","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Statistical analysis of the data collected for the study has clearly indicated that a rational and scientific exploitation of fish species inhabiting the rivers and creeks of Sundarbans estuary has immense economic potentialities. West Bengal holds an important position in fish development as she has all types of Captive and Culture fisheries, Beach fisheries and Brackish water fisheries also occupy a very important part. A survey of forest areas of Sundarbans indicates a total annual catch of fish to be 2500 metric tonnes. On an average 4000 persons are engaged in daily fishing with 1.5 kilograms of fish catch per fisherman per day and during the 6 months from September to February on an average 6000 persons are engaged in fishing. About 70 % of total catch of fish is collected during this period.","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakrabarti_1974_Wildlife_biology_of_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2644","The role of Tassili N'Ajjer (Algeria) in the conservation of the great mammalian fauna in central Sahara","Le Berre M;","1991  ","","1DZ;conservation;Mammalia;refugia;Sahara;zoogeography;","IN FILE","181","191","","","","","","Mammals in the Palaearctic desert","McNeely JA;Neronov VM;","","Moskow","The Russian Acedemy of Sciences, and the Russian Committee for the UNESCO programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Le_Berre_1991_The_role_of_Tassili_N_Ajjer_in_conservation_of_Sahara_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2645","Leopard kills 10 children","","1987 Jan 22 ","","4BD;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","Rising Nepal","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1987_Leopard_kills_ten_chlidren.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2646","Man-Eater","Shakespeare J;","1989 Oct 22 ","","4BD;4IN;maneater;Panthera tigris;prevention;Sundarban;","IN FILE","H","","Sunday Times Travel","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shakespeare_1989_Man-eater.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2647","Sundarbans Forest Division (Bangladesh)","Ghosh SK;","","","4BD;forest;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Working plan division Bangladesh","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ghosh_-_Sunderbans_Forest_Division_Map.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2648","Wildlife biology of the Sundarbans forests - Observations on tigers","Chaudhuri AB;Chakraborty K;","","","4BD;4IN;behavior;biology;feeding behavior;forest;maneater;observation;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Sundarbans tiger stands supreme in the tiger map of the World. It is believed that they are hereditary man-eaters, fiercest, most cunning and intelligent of all tigers. The present observations include their habitat types, vulnerable operational zones, comparative casualty pattern among different professional men, casualty in various age groups of men, monthly and yearly pattern of casualty, breeding potential, food habits and other aspects of their behaviour. Such studies have never been made in the estuarine tract in the present manner and it is expected that this study will enable to throw lights on many facts so far unknown about the tigers of the tract.","","","","","","","","Chaudhuri_&_Chakraborty_-_Tigers_of_the_Sundarbans_Forests.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2649","Maneaters","Jackson P;","1985 Jan 14 ","","4IN;4NP;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Project Tiger;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1985_Maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2650","Man-eating Tigers","Jackson P;","1985 Mar 1 ","","4IN;4NP;attack on human;behavior;conservation;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","These recent incidents reinforce the image of the tiger as a bloodthirsty man-eater, and have been a matter of deep concern to conservationists. Elephants killed 53 people in six months recently around the Manas sanctuary in northeast India, and lions, leopards; bears and snakes all take a human toll. But to many people the tiger is the epitome of the jungle red in tooth and claw. It is scarcely surprising, for the world has been regaled with tales of bloodthirsty tigers for serval centuries.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1985_Man-eating_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2651","Tiger and man conflict at the edge of Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park: The Chepte tighress, villain or victim?","McDougal CW;","1992 May ","","4NP;attack on human;Chitwan;conflict;maneater;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_1992_Tiger_and_man_conflict_at_Royal_Chitwan_National_Park_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2652","A questionnaire survey (1969-1974) of some of the larger mammals of the Cape Province","Lloyd PH;Millar JCG;","1983  ","Only some pages","1ZA;Cape Province;Caracal caracal;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Panthera leo;questionnaire;","IN FILE","1","5; 16-17","Bontebok","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lloyd_&_Millar_1983_Questionnaire_of_larger_mammals_of_Cape_Province.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2653","Managing the maneaters in a mangrove tigerland, the Sundarbans tiger reserve of India - A case study","Sanyal P;","","","4BD;4IN;management;maneater;mangrove;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanyal_-_Managing_the_maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2654","Stalking the Snow Leopard's Haunts","Pedevillano C;","1996  ","","7SU;conservation;poaching;threat;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Russian Conservation News","","Russian Conservation Newsletter","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pedevillano_1996_Stalking_the_snow_leopards_haunts.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2655","Distribution patterns and status of some mammals in south west Africa","Joubert E;Mostert PKN;","1975  ","pages 5-10, 19-22","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;distribution;Mammalia;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","","","Madoqua","","","","9","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joubert_&_Mostert_1975_Distribution_and_status_of_mammals_in_south_west_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2656","Note on a serval road-kill, Felis serval (Family: Felidae) from the Empangeni region, including parasites and diet","Hoffmann LAC;","1987  ","","1ZA;diet;Empangeni;Leptailurus serval;parasite;road;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","Stellenbosch","Jankershoek Research Station","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hoffmann_1987_Serval_road-kill_observation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2657","The snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in captivity during the last 30 years (1961 - 1991)","Blomqvist L;","1993  ","","captive breeding;captive population;genetics;population dynamics;reproduction;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","24","37","Helsinki Zoo Annual Report","","","","1993","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1993_Snow_leopard_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2658","Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) habitat","","","","4Asia;habitat;habitat analysis;nature reserve;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","National Biological Service, International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Snow_leopard_habitat_map.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2659","The snow leopard dilemma. will they persist1995 AZA Regional Conference Proceedings","Oli MK;","1995  ","","4Asia;behavior;conservation;conservation strategy;diet;distribution;home range;status;threat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","433","442","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1995_Snow_leopard_dilemma.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2660","Notes on stomach contents analyses of various carnivores in southern Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)","Viljoen S;Davis DHS;","1973  ","","1Afr;Carnivora;Mammalia;stomach analysis;","IN FILE","","","Annals of the Transvaal Museum","","","","28","","","16","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Viljoen_&_Davis_1973_Stomach_contents_of_carnivores_in_southern_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2661","The snow leopard in captivity in 1992","Blomqvist L;","1995  ","","captive breeding;captive population;population dynamics;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","152","159","International Zoo News","","","","42","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1995_Snow_leopard_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2662","Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator:prey ratio","Oli MK;","1994  ","","4NP;density;predator-prey;Pseudois nayaur;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","998","1004","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","75","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1994_Snow_leopards_and_blue_sheep_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2663","Diet of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna conservation area, Nepal","Oli MK;Taylor IR;Rogers ME;","","In Press - Pub Date ca. 1993","4NP;Annapurna;conservation;diet;livestock damage;Marmota himalayana;Ochotona roylei;Pseudois nayaur;faecal analysis;seasonality;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_et_al_-_Diet_of_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2664","Snow leopard conservation in the USSR","Braden K;","1988  Fall","","7SU;conservation;public education;threat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","2","","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","","","","","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Braden_1988_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_the_USSR.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2665","Snow leopard in China","Schaller GB;","1988  spring","","4CN;distribution;population size;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","3","","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","","","","","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schaller_1988_Snow_leopard_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2666","Ecology and management of the Hemis National Park","Mallon DP;Bacha MS;","1989 Dec ","","4NP;Canis lupus;ecology;Hemis High Altitude National Park;human dimension;hunting (by human);livestock;Lynx lynx;management;nature reserve managenemt;tourism;Uncia uncia;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","1","42","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mallon_&_Bacha_1989_Ecology_and_management_of_the_Hemis_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2667","The 1980 Annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's","Blomqvist L;","1981  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captive population;population;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","32","50","Helsinki Zoo Annual Report","","","","1980","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1981_Captive_snow_leopard_population.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2668","Snow leopard references","Blomqvist L;Rieger I;","1978  ","","bibliography;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","153","160","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_&_Rieger_1978_Snow_leopard_references.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2669","The 1978 World Register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia.","Blomqvist L;","1979  ","","captive breeding;captive population;population;Studbook;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","17","23","International Zoo News","","","","26","","","7-8","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1979_World_Register_for_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2670","First international snow leopard conference in Helsinki, 7th-8th March 1978","Blomqvist L;","1978  ","","conservation;Studbook;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","5","6","International Zoo News","","","","25","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1978_First_International_Snow_Leopard_Conference.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2671","Distribution and status of the snow leopard","Blomqvist L;","1978  ","","distribution;population size;status;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","6","21","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1978_Distribution_and_status_of_the_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2672","The Man-eating tiger in geographical and historical perspective","McDougal CW;","2001  ","Manuscript","attack on human;geography;history;maneater;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","1","23","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_-_Man-eating_tiger_in_geographical_and_historical_perspective.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2673","A note on the immobilization of serval Felis serval with ketamine and acetylpromazine","Rowe-Rowe DT;Lowry PB;","1982  ","","acetylpromazine;immobilization;ketamine;Leptailurus serval;method;veterinary;","IN FILE","109","109","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","12","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rowe-Rowe_&_Lowry_1982_Immobilization_of_serval.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2674","Socio-economic aspects of preservation of tigers","Roy SD;","","","conservation;economy;maneater;Panthera tigris;population;predation;prevention;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roy_-_Socio-economic_aspects_of_preservation_of_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2675","Tiger attacks on humans, livestock in Soviet prompt action","Bohlen C;","1986 Mar 27 ","","7RU;attack on human;livestock;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","2","2","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bohlen_1986_Tiger_attacks_on_humans_and_livestock_in_Soviet_prompt_action.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2676","Fatal tiger attack on tourist in Corbett National Park, India","Jackson P;","1985  ","","4IN;attack on human;Corbett National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A tiger killed and partly ate an English tourist in Corbett National Park last week. Hemendra Panwar, Director of Project Tiger, has informed me of the circumstances.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1985_Fatal_tiger_attack_on_tourist_in_Corbett_National_Park_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2677","The death of David Hunt in Corbett National Park, India","Priscott R;","1985 Feb 22 ","","4IN;attack on human;Corbett National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Priscott_1985_Death_of_David_Hunt_in_Corbett_National_Park_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2678","Wildlife in southern Darfur, Sudan: Distribution and status at present and in the recent past","Wilson RT;","1979  ","","1SD;Darfur;distribution;Mammalia;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","323","328","Mammalia","","","","43","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilson_1979_Wildlife_in_southern_Darfur.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2679","'Life' for killer tiger","Tandon B;","1986 Jan 14 ","","4IN;capture;Corbett National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Daily Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tandon_1986_Life_for_killer_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2680","Patterns of space use by relocated servals Felis serval","van Aarde RJ;Skinner JD;","1986  ","","1ZA;activity;core area;dispersal;habitat use;Leptailurus serval;radio telemetry;Rustenberg Nature Reserve;spatial use;translocation;","IN FILE","97","101","African Journal of Ecology","","","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Aarde_&_Skinner_1986_Space_use_by_relocated_servals.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2681","The Dudhwa Case","Saharia VB;","","","4IN;attack on human;Dudhwa;human dimension;management;maneater;Panthera tigris;wildlife;","IN FILE","9","11","","","","","","Human Dimension in Wildlife Management - The Indian Experience","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saharia_-_Dudhwa_case.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2682","Myths and misconceptions about man-eating tigres","Jackson P;","1984 Oct 27 ","","4IN;4TH;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;prevention;public attitude;Sundarban;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1984_Myths_and_misconceptions_about_man-eating_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2683","The highlands of central India - Abstract","Forsyth J;","1985  ","with a text about Captain Forsyth","4IN;attack on human;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","9","16","Hornbill","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Forsyth_1985_Highlands_of_central_India.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2684","Man-eating tigers","Jackson P;","1983 May 19 ","","4IN;Dudhwa;Kheri;maneater;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;tiger;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Man-eating tigers in Kheri District of India have received considerable publicity both in India and elsewhere. A report in the Times of India dates 4 May put the death toll at in this district since March 1978, and said that 46 people had also been killed by man-eaters in other parts of Uttar Pradesh state. Nine persons have been killed in the first four months of 1983. Naturally, there is an atmosphere of fear in the affected areas; there are political repercussions; and the cause of tiger conservation is being harmed.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1983_Man-eating_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2685","Données nouvelles sur le chat des sables Felis margarita Loche, 1858","Schauenberg P;","1974  ","","1Afr;distribution;Felis margarita;morphology;Sahara;systematic;","IN FILE","949","969","Revue suisse de Zoologie","","","","81","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schauenberg_1974_Donnees_nouvelles_sur_le_chat_des_sables.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2686","The relevant extracts from the articles published in The Pioneer, Lucknow (U.P.) India","Deva S;","1978  ","","4IN;maneater;Panthera tigris;poaching;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deva_1978_Maneaters_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2687","On the trail of a man-eater","Deva S;","1979 Sep 2 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","iii","","","","Hindustan Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deva_1979_On_the_trail_of_a_man-eater.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2688","On the man-eater trail","Deva S;","1979 Feb 4 ","","4IN;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deva_1979_On_the_Man-eater_Trail.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2689","Maneaters kill 11 in Kheri","","1978 Jun 7 ","","4IN;Kheri;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","Pioneer","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Maneaters_kill_humans_in_Kheri.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2690","Misogynist man-eater of Bastar killed","Bhaduri TC;","1976 Oct 30 ","","4IN;Bastar;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Statesman Weekly","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhaduri_1976_Misogynist_Man-Eater_Of_Bastar_Killed.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2691","Maneater reportedly trapped","","1978 Apr 8 ","","4IN;capture;maneater;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","Times of India","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Maneater_reportedly_trapped.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2692","Project Tiger Report on 'Banga' the man-eater of Banga Jhala","Singh CB;","1981  ","","4IN;capture;Corbett National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;track;immobilization;","IN FILE","1","29","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_1981_Banga_the_man-eater_of_Banga_Jhala.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2693","Bengal Tiger","Anwar S;","","","4IN;behavior;Bengal;diet;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;population;density;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anwar_-_Bengal_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2694","Project tiger officials visit New Island'Colonizers' on New Island","","1978  ","","4IN;Bengal;island;project;Project Tiger;Sundarban;","IN FILE","","","Statesman Weekly","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Project_Tiger_Officials_visit_new_Island.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2695","Man-eater that died hungry","Jackman B;","1983 Apr 24 ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;","IN FILE","28","28","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jachman_1983_Man-eater_that_died_hungry.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2696","Why killer tigers pose a new threat to man","Hart-Davis D;","1983 Mar 2 ","","4IN;attack on human;conservation;Dudhwa;public attitude;maneater;National Park;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","11","11","Sunday Telegraph","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hart-Davis_1983_Why_killer_tigers_pose_a_new_threat_to_man.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2697","The return of the maneaters","Jackman B;","1982 Feb 21 ","","4IN;attack on human;conservation;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","26","26","","","Sunday Times","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackman_1982_Return_of_the_maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2698","Mammals (27 species)","Rustamov AK;Sopyev O;","","","7SU;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;endangered species;Lynx lynx;Mammalia;Otocolobus manul;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris virgata;Turkmenistan;","IN FILE","206","213","","","","","","Vertebrates in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rustamov_&_Sopyev_-_Endangered_mammals_of_Turkmenistan.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2699","A tiger incident","Yin T;","1976  ","","4BU;hunting (by human);maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yin_1976_Tiger_incident.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2700","Aceh Resident eaten by tiger","","1983 May ","","4ID;Aceh;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Indonesia Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1983_Aceh_resident_eaten_by_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2701","Report on the Office National Parks and wildlife conservationA recent human-tiger conflict resulting in the death of a man","Smith JLD;","1979  ","","4NP;attack on human;conflict;conservation;human-predator conflict;maneater;National Park;Panthera tigris;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smith_1979_Human-Tiger_conflict_resulting_in_the_death_of_a_man.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2702","Bange Bhale","McDougal CW;","","","attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McDougal_-_Bange_Bhale.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2703","Another Enemy in Vietnam","Lane CD;","1970  ","","4VN;attack on human;maneater;military;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","754","755","Military Medicine","","","","135","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lane_1970_Another_enemy_in_Vietnam.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2704","The Khao Yai Maneater","Jackson P;","1986 Jul 29 ","","4TH;attack on human;Khao Yai National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1986_Khao_Yai_maneater.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2705","Hungry man-eaters stalk the streets in Soviet Far East","Walker C;","1987 Feb 10 ","","7SW;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1987_Huntry_man-eaters_stalk_the_streets_in_Soviet_Far_East.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2706","Population ecology of the lion (Panthera leo) in Waza National Park, Cameroon","Schultz S;Turk R;","2002  ","","1CM;method;Panthera leo;population;population census;population dynamics;prey availability;status;survey;Waza National Park;","IN FILE","1","27","","","","","153","","","","Leiden","University of Leiden, University of Groningen","English","","","","","Student report","","There are gaps in the available survey data for lions (Panthera leo) of especially west and central African countries (African Lion Working Group 1999). Apart from some pilot studies, little is known the effectiveness of lion survey methods in these countries. We wanted to investigate the lion opulation size, structure and status in Waza National Park (WNP), Cameroon. Calling stations, track measurements and distribution of questionnaires were applied as survey techniques for finding and identifying individual lions. General observations in the field provided additional information and is therefore adopted as fourth method. Individual lions were identified by making a detailed description of characteristics like scars and whisker spots. We noticed that using a combination of methods proved to be most successful. Calling stations for lions have shown to work best between sunset and sunrise. Calls in the morning attracted hyenas, while calls in the evening attracted lions. Tracking gave information on lion presence, sex of the lions and enables finding lions by following the tracks. Reports of tourists and by means of questionnaires provided additional information on the presence of lions and group size. The use of these survey methods has resulted in an estimated lion number of 50 to 60 adults and subadults (not counting cubs) in Waza National Park. The group size ranged from 1 to 4 and the male:female ratio is 1:2.9. Fauna counts were performed to determine prey availability. The amount of available prey should be able to support over 200 lions. In spite of rising prey biomasses in WNP the last decades, the lion population is not showing an increase. The causes for this may be diverse: poaching (direct or indirect), bad health or diseases, change of management, lion interactions (coalition take-over) or a lack of knowledge on lion identification and counting. To guarantee the subsistence of the Waza lion population, management needs to reinforce park protection and improve relations with local communities. At the moment illegal fishing, cattle grazing and hunting are widespread. Consulting local communities will lead to a better cooperation between park management and surrounding villages and may help in preventing the illegal activities mentioned above. People have to benefit from the park by locally invested entrance fees or other tourist profits. We recommend executing more patrols, particularly at night and during the rainy season. Opening more roads results in a higher accessibility of the park for both the guards and the tourists.","","","","","","","","Schultz_&_Turk_2002_Population_ecology_of_lion_in_Waza_NP_Cameroon.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2707","A preliminary habitat suitability model for the Snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in West Nepal","Jackson R;Ahlborn GG;","1984  ","","4NP;feeding;habitat;habitat requirements;human impact;population;population trend;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","43","52","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Ahlborn_1984_Habitat_suitability_model_for_Snow_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2708","Himalayan HighlandsRare Snow leopards inhabit a bit of Tibet in the Bronx","Besch DA;","","","4CN;Bronx Zoo;Himalaya;Tibet;Uncia uncia;zoo;","IN FILE","11","15","Animal Kingdom","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Besch_-_Himalayan_highlands_and_snow_leoapards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2709","Snow leopards in Nepal","Jackson R;","1979 Nov ","","4NP;conservation;endangered species;density;survey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","191","195","Oryx","","","","15","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1979_Snow_Leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2710","Behavioral solutions to breeding cheetahs in captivity: insights form the wild","Caro TM;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;breeding;captive breeding;captivity;coalition;free-ranging;reproduction;social behavior;","IN FILE","19","30","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Knowledge of cheetahs' behavior is increasingly seen as the key to solving the mystery of cheetahs' poor breeding performance in captivity. In the absence of zoos' maintaining systematic records of individuals' behavior during introductions, behavior of free-living animals can be informative. In the wild, most female cheetahs probably mate with males living in small groups or coalitions; thus, zoos may benefit from replicating these social conditions. Provided injuries can be minimized. Relations between free-living coalition members are amicable, and escalated aggression was never witnessed during 4 years of observation. Some antagonism was seen in newly formed trios, although this had disappeared in longer established coalitions. Minor aggression occurred over carcasses, being greater at small and intermediate sized kills than at large ones. In the presence of females, mild intramale aggression was only seen within 1 of 7 coalitions. Free-living females showed similar rates of behavior in the presence of different numbers of males, aside from more frequent growling at large groups. These findings suggest that captive institutions should be less nervous about housing male cheetahs together and introducing females to groups of males for purposes of breeding.","","","","","","","","Caro_1993_Behavioral_solutions_to_breeding_cheetahs_in_captivity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2711","The Snow leopard in Ladakh","Mallon DP;","1984  ","","4IN;attack on human;behavior;conservation;distribution;habitat;hunting (by human);Ladakh;livestock;method;mortality;prey;record;sign;track;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","23","37","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mallon_1984_Snow_leopard_in_Ladakh.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2712","Characteristics of Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan","Koshkarev EP;","1984  ","","4KG;characteristic;movement pattern;spatial use;Tien Shan;tracking;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","15","21","","Int Ped Book of Snow leopards","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koshkarev_1984_Snow_leopard_movements_in_the_Tien_Shan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2713","Comparative evaluation of seminal, vaginal, and rectal bacterial flora in the cheetah and domestic cat","Howard JG;Munson L;McAloose D;Kriete M;Bush ME;Wildt DE;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;ejaculates;Escherichia coli;evaluation;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;flora;veterinary;","IN FILE","81","96","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Howard_et_al_1993_Bacterial_flora_in_cheetah_and_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2714","Captive Management of Snow leopard cubs: An overview","Freeman HE;Hutchins M;","1980  ","","captive breeding;cub;endangered species;management;mortality;snow leopard;Uncia uncia;zoo;","IN FILE","377","392","Der Zoologische Garten (NF)","","","","50","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Freeman_&_Hutchins_1980_Captive_management_of_Snow_leopard_cubs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2715","Behavior in Adult Pairs of Captive Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia)","Freeman HE;","1983  ","","behavior;captive breeding;captivity;marking method;mating;snow leopard;statistic;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","22","Zoo Biology","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Freeman_1983_Behavior_in_adult_pairs_of_captive_Snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2716","Captive breeding of cheetahs in North American zoos: 1987-1991","Marker-Kraus L;Grisham J;","1993  ","","3NAm;Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;pedigree analysis;Studbook;zoo;","IN FILE","5","18","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_&_Grisham_1993_Captive_breeding_of_cheetahs_in_North_American_zoos.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2717","Diseases of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus): results of the Cheetah Council Pathology Survey, 1989-1992","Munson L;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;disease;gastritis;Gastrospirillum;glomerulosclerosis;Heliobacter;paroviran cysts;Veno-Occlusive Disease;veterinary;zoo;","IN FILE","105","124","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Munson_1993_Dieseases_of_captive_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2718","Protected areas and Snow leopards: Their distribution and status","Green MJB;","1988  ","","conservation;distribution;nature reserve;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","3","19","","","","","","International Snow Leopard Symposium","Freeman HE;","","","International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Green_1988_Protected_areas_and_Snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2719","A survey of Sagarmatha National Park for the endangered Snow leopard","Ahlborn GG;Jackson R;","","","4NP;endangered species;habitat;predation;prey;record;Sagarmatha National Park;sign;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A survey was undertaken of selected parts of Sagarmatha National Park to determine whether snow leopard was present, using techniques developed during a recent in-depth study of the species in west Nepal, using radio-telemetry. Although the species was considered to have been extirpated from the park in the 1970's, occasional reports have originated from trekkers who reported 'seeing a snow leopard near Mount Everest (Sagarmatha)'. Sagarmatha is considered one of the great parks of the world, being situated around the world's highest peak. Established in 1976, it was designated a World Heritage Site three years later. The Nepalese Government, under the auspices of the Department of National parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC), set about the difficult task of controlling excessive deforestation and livestock grazing, while addressing the concerns of local residents who felt their traditional rights were being usurped. Ten years later, there is sign that protective measures are beginning to pay off: numbers of Himalayan tahr and the very endangered musk deer have increased dramatically, and this survey detected probable snow leopard sign in the upper Dudh Kosi valley, around the seasonal settlements of Gokyo and Thagnak. Snow leopard sign, estimated from 3-10 months of age, was found along 4 (13 %) of the 31 transects conducted. The sign consisted of scrapes, feces and prey remains, all found within reach of the strategic Renjo La that leads into the relatively sparsely populated Bhote Kosi valley above Thami. We judge the sign was made by a transient cat. The relatively dense and diverse prey population is probably a significant factor in explaining the presence of snow leopard. An intensive search of the uninhabited Hongu Valley, which adjoins the south-eastern boundary of the National Park, revealed no leopard sign, despite rumors that it supported the species (see report titled, 'A high-altitude survey of the Hongu valley with special emphasis on snow leopard' by Rodney Jackson and Gary Ahlborn). We believe the absence of snow leopard is attributable to an imbalanced prey base (no resident herbivores) and excessive human disturbance (in the form overgrazing by livestock). There is no reason why livestock, tahr, snow leopard and man cannot share the same habitat, provided ecologically balanced land-uses are maintained. Given continued protection, and assuming no adverse sentiment or action on the part of the Sherpa's residing in Sagarmatha National Park, we would expect a small snow leopard population to eventually establish itself in the area. These animals could serve as a founder population for contiguous areas like the Hongu Valley. His Majesty's Government is presently entertaining a proposal to nearly double the size of the park, by incorporating the uninhabited portions of the Hongu, Barun and associated valleys within the boundaries. The resultant park will be contiguous with nearly 2,000 square miles of protected areas in Tibet (China) along the border with Nepal. The high valleys and drier mountains encompassed by this 'Heart of the Himalayas Conservation Programme' will provide substantial habitat for the snow leopard and the associated plants and animals of the high Himalaya. By endorsing this proposal, and by aggressively tackling the problem of managing the presently overgrazed alpine rangelands, HMG is moving toward a milestone in integrating development with conservation.","","","","","","","","Ahlborn_&_Jackson_-_Sagarmatha_NP_snow_leopard_survey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2720","A high-altitude wildlife survey of the Hongu Valley with special emphasis on Snow leopard","Jackson R;Ahlborn GG;","","","habitat;Hongu Valley;record;sign;survey;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Ahlborn_-_High-altitude_wildlife_survey_of_the_Hongu_Valley.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2721","Marking in free-ranging Snow leopards in West NepalA preliminary assessment","Ahlborn GG;Jackson R;","","","4NP;marking method;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ahlborn_&_Jackson_-_Marking_snow_leopards_in_west_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2722","Gift of Snow leopard cub: concern among conservationists","Omar K;","1986 Sep 23 ","","conservation;cub;public attitude;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","Dawn","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Omar_1986_Gift_of_Snow_leopard_cub_-_concern_amnong_conservationists.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2723","The 1982 International captive Snow leopard report","Blomqvist L;","1983  Oct./Nov./Dec.","","captive breeding;Uncia uncia;zoo;","IN FILE","","","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","","","","2","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1983_International_captive_snow_leopard_report.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2724","The ecology and conservation of the Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal","Oli MK;","1991  ","","4NP;activity;Annapurna;behavior;conservation;diet;distribution;ecology;habitat;habitat use;home range;hunting (by human);marking method;movement pattern;poaching;population;density;Pseudois nayaur;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","155","","","","","","","","","","University of Edinburgh","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1991_Ecology_and_conservation_of_Snow_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2725","A survey of Snow leopard and associated species in the Himalaya of Northwestern India","Fox JL;Sinha SP;Chundawat RS;Das PK;","1986 Dec ","","4IN;distribution;habitat;Himalaya;prey;Pseudois nayaur;sign;survey;track;tracking;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_et_al_1986_Snow_leopard_and_associated_species_in_Himalaya_of_northwestern_India.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2726","Snow leopard recovery programme for Kishtwar High Altitude National Park","","1990  ","","4IN;fauna;flora;habitat;Kishtwar High Altitude National Park;management;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","Srinagar","Department of Wildlife ProtectionJammu and Kashmir Government","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1990_Snow_leopard_recovery_programme.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2727","Snow leopard Survey and conservation handbook (First edition)","Jackson R;Hunter DO;","1995 Nov ","First edition, for second edition see RefID:50","CCT;cct_meth;census;conservation;habitat;method;monitoring;prey;snow leopard;survey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","120","","","","","Edition 1","","","","","International Snow leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","The objectives of this handbook (First edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS).","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Hunter_1995_Snow_leopard_survey_and_conservation_handbook.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2728","Minute to Midnight - Report of a scientific survey on the status of indigenous wildlife in the United Arab Emirates executed on behalf of the Arabian Leopard Trust","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;Jongbloed M;Sawaf M;","1995  ","Extract","5AE;Caracal caracal;Caracal caracal schmitzi;conservation;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris gordoni;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;status;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","Arabian Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_et_al_1995_Minute_to_Midnight.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2729","The Arabian leopard, its habitat & prey in the Republic of YemenWorkshop on the Arabian Leopard (Panthera Pardus nimr), 15-16 October, 1995","El-Mashjary MS;","1995  ","","5YE;endangered species;habitat;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;prey;trap;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Sharjah U.A.E","Environment Protection Council","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","El-Mashjary_1995_Arabian_leopard_in_Yemen.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2730","Saving the Arabian Leopard","Jongbloed M;","1993 Nov 19 ","","5OM;5YE;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;","IN FILE","","","Weekend","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jongbloed_1993_Saving_the_Arabian_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2731","Rare leopard faces danger","","1993 May 12 ","","5AE;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;","IN FILE","","","Khaleej Times","","","","","","","","Dubai","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Rare_leopard_faces_danger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2732","Various reports from the United Arab Emirates and Yemen 1995 and 1996","Stuart CT;Stuart TD;","1996  ","","5AE;5YE;Caracal caracal;Caracal caracal schmitzi;conservation;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris gordoni;Gazella gazella;Hemitragus jayakari;livestock damage;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;Vulpes cana;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","1","22","","","","","","","","","Loxton South Africa","African-Arabian Wildlife Research Center","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stuart_&_Stuart_1996_Reports_from_the_United_Arab_Emirates_and_Yemen.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2733","Leopard News","","1996 Aug ","","captive breeding;livestock damage;Panthera pardus;predator-human conflict;community involvement;","IN FILE","1","1","Endangered","","","","3","","","3","","Arabian Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Leopard_news.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2734","The status of the Arabian leopard, Panthera pardus nimr in Saudi Arabia","Nader IA;","","","5SA;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;status;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","Riyadh","NCWCD","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Nader_-_Status_of_the_Arabian_leopard_in_Saudi_Arabia.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2735","Species status report on the Arabian leopard in Oman (Panthera pardus nimr)","Al Kiyumi AA;","1995 Oct 14 ","","5OM;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;sighting;status;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Al_Kiyumi_1995_Arabian_leopard_in_Oman.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2736","Status and conservation of the pardel lynx (Lynx pardina Temmink, 1824) in the Iberian peninsula","ICONA;","1990  ","French version see ID 2961","8ES;8PT;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;human impact;Lynx pardinus;prey abundance;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","55","Strasbourg","Council of Europe Press","English","","","","","Nature and Environment Series","","Contents: Past and present-day distribution, changes in range over the years, size of the population, threats to the survival of the lynx (fragmentation of the range of distribution, reduction of rabbit population, mortality due to human intervention, habitat loss and transformation), proposals for conservation.","","","","","","","","Icona_1990_Status_and_conservation_of_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2737","Section 1. Intruduction and SummaryCover, Contents","","1999  ","","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;Florida;genetics;habitat;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Population Viability Analysis;report;","IN FILE","0","28","","","","","","Florida Panther Population and Habitat Viability Assessment and Genetic Workshop - Final Report8-11 June 1999 Gainesville, Florida","Ellis S;Lacy RC;Kennedy-Stoskopf S;Wildt DE;Shillcox J;Byers O;Seal US;","","","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ellis_et_al_1999_Florida_panther_PHVA_and_ genetics_-_Introduction_and_Summary.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2738","Section 2. Working group reports","","1999  ","Refs 2737 to 3739: Whole report","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;Florida;genetics;habitat;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Population Viability Analysis;report;","IN FILE","29","78","","","","","","Florida Panther Population and Habitat Viability Assessment and Genetic Workshop - Final Report8-11 June 1999 Gainesville, Florida","Ellis S;Lacy RC;Kennedy-Stoskopf S;Wildt DE;Shillcox J;Byers O;Seal US;","","","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ellis_et_al_1999_Florida_panther_PHVA_and_genetics_-_Working_group_reports.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2739","Section 3. AppendixSection 4. VORTEX Reference","","1999  ","Refs 2737 to 3739: Whole report","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;Florida;genetics;habitat;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Population Viability Analysis;report;VORTEX;","IN FILE","79","127","","","","","","Florida Panther Population and Habitat Viability Assessment and Genetic Workshop - Final Report8-11 June 1999 Gainesville, Florida","Ellis S;Lacy RC;Kennedy-Stoskopf S;Wildt DE;Shillcox J;Byers O;Seal US;","","","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ellis_et_al_1999_Florida_panther_PHVA_and_ genetics_-_Appendices.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2740","On the edge - dying and living in the Kalahari","Funston PJ;","2001  ","","1BW;1NA;1ZA;behavior;Kalahari;Panthera leo;status;","IN FILE","60","67","Africa Geographic","","","","","","","September","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_On_the_edge_-_lion_in_the_Kalahari.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2741","Botswana's great lion debate","Michler I;","2001 Oct ","","1BW;conservation;hunting (by human);management;Panthera leo;poaching;","IN FILE","34","39","Africa Geographic","","","","","","","October","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Michler_2001_Lion_debate_in_Botswana.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2742","Tiger, Humans, and the Face of Conservation (Book Reviews)","Berger J;Noss RF;Jordan CF;Brooks T;Bakarr M;Fonseca G;Rylands A;Schoech SJ;Petren K;","2001 Feb ","Books reviewed: 'Seidensticker et al (eds.): Riding the Tiger - Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes'; 'Clark et al. (eds.): Carnivores in Ecosystems: The Yellowstone Experience'; and others","conservation;Panthera tigris;ecosystem;","IN FILE","292","301","Conservation Biology","","","","15","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berger_et_al_2002_Tiger_Humans_and_the_Face_of_Conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2743","Lineage loss in Serengeti cheetahs: consequences of high reproductive variance and heritability of fitness on effective population size","Kelly MJ;","2001  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;cheetah;effective population size;fitness;genetic uniformity;genetic variation;genetics;heredity;lifetime reproductive success;population size;Serengeti;","IN FILE","137","147","Conservation Biology","","","","15","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","In natural populations, many breeders do not leave surviving offspring, and as a result many potential genetic lineages are lost. I examined lineage extinction in Serengeti cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and found that 76% of matrilines were lost over a 25-year period. Production of future breeders was nonrandom and generally confined to a few families. Five out of 63 matrilines accounted for 45% of the total cheetah populationover the course of the study. Lineage persistence is perhaps best illustrated by the variance in lifetimereproductive success (LRS) and heritability in this parameter. In female cheetahs, variance in LRS was high,and new data show that this LRS was heritable. Variance in LRS and heritability in LRS have dramatic consequences for effective population size, Ne. I calculated Ne for cheetahs, taking into account fluctuating population size, unequal sex ratio, non-Poisson distribution of  reproductive success, and heritability of fitness. The Ne was most strongly affected by variance in reproductive success and especially heritability in reproductive success. The variance Ne was 44% of the actual population size, and the inclusion of heritability further reduced Ne to only 15% of the actual population, a ratio similar to that of a social carnivore with reproductive suppression. The current cheetah population in the Serengeti is below numbers suggested by Ne estimates as sufficient to maintain sufficient genetic diversity.","","","","","","","","Kelly_2001_Lineage_loss_in_Serengeti_Cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2744","Snow leopard conservancy - Annual Report, 2001","","2001  ","","4CN;4NP;camera trap;conservation;public education;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","Los Gatos CA","Snow Leopard Conservancy","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Snow_Leopard_Conservancy_Annual_Report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2745","Nutrition of captive cheetahs: food composition and blood parameters","Dierenfeld ES;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;diet;feeding;nutrition;","IN FILE","143","152","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dierenfeld_1993_Nutrition_of_captive_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2746","Fertility assessment of cheetah males with poor quality semen","Lindburg DG;Durrant BS;Millard SE;Oosterhuis JE;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;inbreeding;male;reproduction;reproductive success;","IN FILE","97","104","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lindburg_et_al_1993_Fertility_assessment_of_cheetah_males.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2747","Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits fo physiological surveys for strategic planning","Wildt DE;Brown JL;Bush ME;Barone MA;Cooper KA;Grisham J;Howard JG;","1993  ","","3NAm;Acinonyx jubatus;follicle;hormons;ovary;reproduction;reproduction technology;reproductive success;semen analysis;sperm;zoo;","IN FILE","45","80","Zoo Biology","","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1993_Reproductive_status_of_cheetahs_in_North_American_zoos.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2748","Camera trapping big cats: Some questions that should be asked frequently","Karanth KU;Nichols JD;","2000 Oct 19 ","","camera trap;capture-recapture;Felidae;field method;method;Panthera tigris;density;population size;statistic;camera trapping;trapping;cats;cat;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","WCS;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_&_Nichols_2000_Camera_trapping_big_cats.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2749","Movement patterns of coyotes and bobcats relative to roads underpasses in the Chino Hills area of southern California","Lyren LM;","2001  ","","3US;barrier;California;Canis latrans;corridor;home range;Lynx rufus;movement pattern;spatial use;telemetry;underpass;","IN FILE","1","119","","","","","","","","","","Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lyren_2001_Roads_and_the_movement_of_bobcat_and_coyote.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2750","Identifying mammalian predators from bite marks: a tool for focusing wildlife protection","Lyver PO;","2000  ","File is security-protected","6NZ;conservation;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;identification;Mammalia;Mustela erminea;Mustela furo;predator;Puffinus griseus;","IN FILE","31","44","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lyver_2000_Identifying_mammalian_predators_from_bite_marks.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2751","Spots, stripes, tail tips and dark eyes: predicting the function of carnivore colour patterns using the comparative method","Ortolani A;","1999  ","","Carnivora;coat pattern;coloration;communication;comparative method;evolution;phylogeny;physiology;","IN FILE","433","476","Biological Journal of the Linean Society","","","","67","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Animal colour patterns are adaptive for three reasons: camouflage, communication and physico-physiological functions. This study proposes a conceptual framework for predicting the main adaptive function of carnivore colour patterns based on three factors: visibility, shape and location on the body, as well as, their behavioural ecological correlates. Using a comparative phylogenetic approach, the colour patterns present on the body, the tail and the eyes of 200 species of mammalian carnivores were analysed. Their evolutionary history was reconstructed using MacClade and Maddison's concentrated-changes test was used to test the association between species' colour patterns and their behavioural ecology on a composite phylogeny for all the Carnivora. The results for dark spots, vertical stripes, horizontal stripes, ringed tails, black tail tips, white tail tips, dark eye contour and dark eye patches, are presented. The comparative analyses indicate that spotted, vertically striped and horizontally striped coats evolved for camouflage. Tail markings seem to have evolved for intra- and/or inter-specific communication, while dark markings near and around the eyes are associated with variables consistent with a physico-physiological function. These findings suggest that both the physical environment and animal behaviour are important selective factors driving the evolution of animal colour patterns and that both need to be taken into consideration in future studies of animal coloration.","","","","","","","","Ortolani_1999_Carnivore_colour_patterns.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2752","Ecolomic development and the conservation of large carnivores","Rasker R;Hackman A;","1996  ","","3US;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;development;economy;Gulo gulo;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","991","1002","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Conserving large carnivores in North America hinges on protecting vast wildlands, a strategy often assumed to carry significant economic costs in terms of jobs and income foregone. Using case studies, we tested whether there is enough evidence to support the assertion that the protection of wildlands is detrimental to economic development in the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains and the Rocky Mountains of southern British Columbia and Alberta. We analyzed employment and income trends in northwestern Montana (U.S.A.) for counties with a high degree of wildland protection versus counties with high levels of resource extraction and little wildland protection. Employment and personal income levels in 'wilderness' counties grewfaster than in 'resource-extraction' counties. Wilderness counties also showed higher degrees of economic diversificationand lower unemployment rates. No direct cause-and-effect relationship was established between wildlands protection and economic development, but to the assertion that protecting wildland habitat for large carnivores is detrimental to a region's economy, enough counterevidence is presented to suggest an alternative hypothesis.' the protection of wilderness habitat that sustains wild carnivores such as grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and wolves (Canis lupus) does not have a detrimental effect on local or regional economies. Evidence presented suggests that economic growth is stimulated by environmental amenities. Further, case studies in southern British Columbia and Alberta in Canada and the Greater Yellowstone region, in the U.S., where environmental protection has been explicitly recognized as an economic development strategy, suggest that environmental protection and economic development are complementary goals. In some areas, however, 'ameni,y-based' economic growth is rapidly leading to urban sprawl and subsequent loss of wildlife habitat, and there is a need for growth management.","","","","","","","","Rasker_&_Hackman_1996_Ecolomic_development_and_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2753","Crafting effective solutions to the large carnivore conservation problem","Clark TW;Peyton Curlee A;Reading RP;","1996  ","","Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;management;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","940","948","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","How problems are defined and redefined largely dictates how they will (or if they can) be solved, especially complex problems such as the challenge of conserving large carnivores in North America. We describe a practical and comprehensive method for analyzing problems within specific human and ecological contexts and for inventing, evaluating, and selecting solutions. We conducted a problem definition exercise for the large carnivore conservation problem and arrived at five key variables that must be addressed in order to protect these threatened species: cultural history, valuation, ecology, management systems, and the policy process. Our analysis maps the broad dimensions of the problem and identifies areas to be targeted by any successful solution strategy. The method we present and our proposed initial definition of the carnivore conservation problem can serve as a springboard for further analysis and policy making at specific sites and at appropriate scales for on-the-ground solutions to this and other natural resource problems.","","","","","","","","Clark_et_al_1996_Effective_solutions_to_large_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2754","A global perspective on large carnivore conservation","Weber W;Rabinowitz AR;","1996  ","","1Afr;2SAm;3US;45Asia;Canis lupus;Carnivora;carnivore;concept;conservation;conservation strategy;leopard;Panthera onca;Panthera tigris;tiger;","IN FILE","1046","1054","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The recent reintroduction of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone signifies a constructive change, but the overall record in the United States on large carnivore conservation remains poor. Many developing countries are determined to do a better job of conserving predators, including their critical habitat and prey populations. We describe current efforts to protect tigers (Panthera tigris), jaguars (Panthera onca), and large-scale forest habitat in Asia, Central America, and Africa. These initiatives take a comprehensive approach that includes biological field research, the identification of local human interests, and a growing recognition of the need for cooperation across political lines. Though often supported by U.S. technical assistance, this international experience could be used better to inform and improve carnivore conservation efforts in North America. Failure to improve our domestic performance or to fully appreciate the contributions of far less developed countries could weaken global efforts to maintain and restore populations of large carnivores.","","","","","","","","Weber_&_Rabinowitz_1996_Global_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2755","Human culture and large carnivore conservation in North America","Kellert SR;Black M;Rush CR;Bath AJ;","1996  ","","3NAm;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;culture;public attitude;Puma concolor;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","977","990","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kellert_et_al_1996_Human_culture_and_large_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2756","Law and large carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S. and Canada","Keiter RB;Locke H;","1996  ","","3CA;3US;Carnivora;conservation;legislation;Rocky Mountains;","IN FILE","1003","1012","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Keiter_&_Locke_1996_Law_and_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2757","General lessons and positive trends in large carnivore conservation","Clark TW;Paquet PC;Peyton Curlee A;","1996  ","","Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;","IN FILE","1055","1058","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clark_et_al_1996_Lessons_and_trends_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2758","Making sense of the policy process of carnivore conservation","Primm AA;Clark TW;","1996  ","","Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;politics;","IN FILE","1036","1045","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Primm_&_Clark_1996_Policy_process_for_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2759","Resilience and conservation of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains","Weaver JL;Paquet PC;Ruggiero LF;","1996  ","","3CA;3US;behavior;Canis lupus;conservation;cougar;dispersal;Gulo gulo;human impact;life history;population dynamics;puma;Puma concolor;resilience;Rocky Mountains;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","964","976","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Large carnivores evolved behaviors and life-history traits that conferred resilience to environmental disturbances at various temporal and spatial scales. We synthesize empirical information for each large carnivore species in the Rocky Mountains regarding three basic mechanisms of resilience at different hierarchical levels.' (1) behavioral plasticity in foraging behavior that ameliorates flux in food availability, (2) demographic compensation that mitigates increased exploitation, and (3) dispersal that provides functional connectivity among fragmented populations. With their high annual productivity and dispersal capabilities, wolves (Canis lupus) possess resiliency to modest levels of human disturbance of habitat and populations. Cougars (Puma concolor) appear to have slightly less resiliency because of more specific requirements for stalking habitat and lower biennial productivity. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) possess much less resiliency because of their need for quality forage in spring and fall, their low triennial productivity, and the strong philopatry of female offspring to maternal home ranges. Based upon limited information, wolverines (Gulo gulo) appear more susceptible to natural fluctuations in scavenging opportunities and may have lower lifetime productivity than even grizzly bears. By accelerating the rate and expanding the scope of disturbance, humans have undermined the resiliency mechanisms of large carnivores and have caused widespread declines. Both the resiliency profiles and the historical record attest to the need for some form of refugia for large carnivores. With their productivity and dispersal capability, wolves and cougars might respond adequately to refugia that are well distributed in several units across the landscape at distances scaled to successful dispersal (e.g., less than five home range diameters). With their Iower productivity and dispersal capability, grizzly bears and wolverines might fare better in a landscape dominated by larger or more contiguous refugia. Refugia must encompass the full array of seasonal habitats needed by large carnivores and should be connected to other refugia through landscape linkages.","","","","","","","","Weaver_et_al_1996_Carnivore_resilience_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2760","Special Section: Large carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada","Clark TW;Paquet PC;Peyton Curlee A;","1996  ","","3CA;3US;Carnivora;conservation;Rocky Mountains;","IN FILE","956","959","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clark_et_al_1996_Large_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2761","Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains","Noss RF;Quigley HB;Hornocker MG;Merrill T;Paquet PC;","1996  ","","3CA;3US;Carnivora;conservation;Rocky Mountains;","IN FILE","949","963","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Noss_et_al_1996_Conservation_biology_and_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2762","Carnivore Conservation in the Rocky Mountains","Carroll C;Noss RF;Paquet PC;","","","3CA;3US;conservation;habitat analysis;Rocky Mountains;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","WWF","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Carroll_et_al_-_Carnivore_conservation_in_the_Rocky_Mountains.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2763","Effects of transportation corridors on large carnivores in the Bow River Valley, Alberta","Gibeau ML;Heuer K;","1996  ","","3CA;Alberta;Canis latrans;Carnivora;corridor;Gulo gulo;Lynx canadensis;mortality;Puma concolor;Rocky Mountains;Ursus americanus;Ursus arctos horribilis;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Proceedings of the transportation related wildlife mortality seminar","Evink GL;et al.;","","Tallahassee","State of Florida Department of Transportation, Environmental Management Office","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gibeau_&_Heuer_1996_Effect_of_corridors_on_large_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2764","The allometry of density within the space used by populations of mammalian Carnivora","Smallwood KS;","2001  ","","allometry;body mass;Carnivora;ecosystem;energetics;density;","IN FILE","1634","1640","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","79","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The relationship between body mass and population density has been used to develop theory of how energy is used in ecosystems. The usual allometric density slope, -0.75, was reduced to near zero among species of mammalian Carnivora after Smallwood and Schonewald and Blackburn and Gaston adjusted density estimates by the sizes of the corresponding study areas. In this paper, I restricted the allometric analysis to density estimates made at or near the threshold area, which is the species-specific minimum area likely to support a population. I excluded densities estimated from subpopulations and 'megapopulations', thereby removing biases of study design that had previously confused the allometry of population density. Density at threshold area declined with increasing body mass. The population's mass density did not relate to threshold area, within which carnivore species averaged 9 kg/km2. The spatial intensity of oxygen consumption did not relate to body mass, but assuming that species with smaller threshold areas occur at more locations than species with larger threshold areas, one must conclude that smaller bodied species use more energy from the environment than do larger bodied species. Furthermore, threshold area and density at threshold area were most responsive to female brain mass, which provides an ecological allometry that links spatial scale, sensory perception, parental care, life-history attributes, basal metabolic rate, and body mass.","","","","","","","","Smallwood_2001_Allometry_of_density_in_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2765","Dietary separation of sympatric carnivores identified by molecular analysis of scats","Farrell LE;Roman J;Sunquist ME;","2001  ","","2VE;Canis familiaris;diet;faecal analysis;faecal DNA;Felidae;genetics;interspecific competition;jaguar;Leopardus pardalis;molecular method;ocelot;Panthera onca;puma;Puma concolor;species identification;","IN FILE","1583","1590","Molecular Ecology","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We studied the diets of four sympatric carnivores in the flooding savannas of western Venezuela by analysing predator DNA and prey remains in faeces. DNA was isolated and a portion of the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial genome amplified and sequenced from 20 of 34 scats. Species were diagnosed by comparing the resulting sequences to reference sequences generated from the blood of puma (Puma concolor), jaguar (Panthera onca), ocelot (Leopardus pardalus) and crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Scat size has previously been used to identify predators, but DNA data show that puma and jaguar scats overlap in size, as do those of puma, ocelot and fox. Prey-content analysis suggests minimal prey partitioning between pumas and jaguars. In field testing this technique for large carnivores, two potential limitations emerged: locating intact faecal samples and recovering DNA sequences from samples obtained in the wet season. Nonetheless, this study illustrates the tremendous potential of DNA faecal studies. The presence of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) in one puma scat and of wild pig (Sus scrofa), set as bait, in one jaguar sample exemplifies the forensic possibilities of this non-invasive analysis. In addition to defining the dietary habits of similar size sympatric mammals, DNA identifications from faeces allow wildlife managers to detect the presence of endangered taxa and manage prey for their conservation.","","","","","","","","Farrell_et_al_2001_Dietary_separation_of_sympatric_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2766","The standard energetics of mammalian carnivores: Felidae and Hyaenidae","McNab BK;","2000  ","","basal metabolic rate;body mass;energetics;Felidae;Hyaenidae;metabolism;","IN FILE","2227","2239","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","78","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Data concerning the energy expenditure of nine species in the family Felidae and one species in the family Hyaenidae are presented, all of which were obtained under standard conditions. An examination of basal rates of metabolism in these felids and in two species reported in the literature indicates that basal rate is primarily correlated with body mass; of these species, nine have a high basal metabolic rate by general mammalian standards, the two exceptions being the margay and jaguarundi. The low basal metabolic rate of the margay may be related to its arboreal habit in association with small muscle mass, but the reason for the low rate in the jaguarundi is unknown. The omnivorous striped hyaena and termitivorous aardwolf have typical mammalian basal rates. Felids that weigh less than 7 kg have slightly low minimal thermal conductances relative to mammals generally; larger species have high conductances. Felids have slightly high body temperatures.","","","","","","","","McNab_2000_Energetics_of_mammalian_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2767","Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores","Carbone C;Mace GM;Roberts SC;MacDonald DW;","1999  ","","Carnivora;diet;energetics;energy requirements;feeding ecology;Felidae;life history;modelling;predator;prey;","IN FILE","285","288","Nature","","","","402","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Species in the mammalian order Carnivora exhibit a huge diversity of life histories with body sizes spanning more than three orders of magnitude. Despite this diversity, most terrestrial carnivores can be classiÆed as either feeding on invertebrates and small vertebrates or on large vertebrates. Small carnivores feed predominantly on invertebrates probably because they are a superabundant resource (sometimes 90% of animal biomass1±3); however, intake rates of invertebrate feeders are low, about one tenth of those of vertebrate feeders4,5. Although small carnivores can subsist on this diet because of low absolute energy requirements, invertebrate feeding appears to be unsustainable for larger carnivores. Here we show, by reviewing the most common live prey in carnivore diets, that there is a striking transition from feeding on small prey (less than half of predator mass) to large prey (near predator mass), occurring at predator masses of 21.5±25 kg. We test the hypothesis that this dichotomy is the consequence of mass-related energetic requirements and we determine the predicted maximum mass that an invertebrate diet can sustain. Using a simple energetic model and known invertebrate intake rates, we predict a maximum sustainable mass of 21.5 kg, which matches the point where predators shift from small to large prey.","","","","","","","","Carbone_et_al_1999_Energetic_constraints_on_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2768","Foraging costs in social carnivores","Packer C;Caro TM;","1997  ","","Carnivora;energetics;foraging behavior;group size;social behavior;","IN FILE","1317","1318","Animal Behaviour","","","","54","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_&_Caro_1997_Foraging_costs_in_social_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2769","Historical attitudes and images and the implications on carnivore survival","Berg KA;","2001  ","","Canis latrans;Canis lupus;Corvus corax;history;human-predator conflict;public attitude;Lynx canadensis;myth;Puma concolor;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","186","189","Endangered Species UPDATE","","","","19","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","This paper examines how mythological images and historical attitudes emerge and influence our interactions with different predator species, such as the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos), cougar (Puma concolor), lynx (Lynx canadensis), wolf (Canis lupus), coyote (Canis latrans), and raven (Corvus corax). The author will compare the relationship between humans and carnivores, and how attitudes and beliefs have impacted different predator species. Do people regard certain carnivores as more fierce, dangerous, or problematic? Is there more animosity and disparate levels of hostility or tolerance toward the different carnivores? Have these attitudes influenced concepts and ethics applied to wildlife management? How is the value of predators measured, considered or applied? Can understanding the different perceptions help resolve complicated issues, such as reintroduction, critical habitat, depredation conflicts, animal damage control, and management? The author believes scientific knowledge is not enough to achieve acceptance of carnivores. The purpose of this inquiry will be to discover if knowledge and education can develop understanding and tolerance of all predators, and thus enhance the commitment to co-exist with carnivore species.","","","","","","","","Berg_2001_Attitude_towards_carnivores_and_their_survival.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2770","Major patterns in the history of carnivorous mammals","van Valkenburgh B;","1999  ","","adaptations;Carnivora;competition;evolution;history;Mammalia;phylogenetic;predation;","IN FILE","463","493","Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The history of carnivorous mammals is characterized by a series of rise-and-fall patterns of diversification in which declining clades are replaced by phylogenetically distinct but functionally similar clades. Seven such examples from the last 46 million years are described for North America and Eurasia. In three of the seven turnover events, competition with replacement taxa may have driven the decline of formerly dominant taxa. In the remaining four this is less likely because inferred functional similarity was minimal during the interval of temporal overlap between clades. However, competition still may have been important in producing the rise-and-fall pattern through suppression of evolution within replacement taxa; as long as the large carnivore ecospace was filled, the radiation of new taxa into that ecospace was limited, only occurring after the extinction of the incumbents. The apparently inevitable decline of incumbent taxa may reflect the tendency for clades of large carnivorous mammals to produce more specialized species as they mature, leading to increased vulnerability to extinction when environments change.","","","","","","","","Van_Valkenburgh_1999_Carnivore_evolution.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2771","Mapping occupied habitat for forest carnivores in the American west and estimating their conservation status","Gaillard DL;","2001  ","","3NAm;Carnivora;conservation;density;distribution;forest;Gulo gulo;habitat;Lynx canadensis;mapping;Martes pennanti;population size;status;","IN FILE","107","109","Endangered Species UPDATE","","","","18","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Conservation concerns are escalating due to the small numbers, reduced range, and increasingly fragmented distribution of wide-ranging forest carnivores in the American West—specifically the lynx (Lynx canadensis), wolverine (Gulo gulo), and fisher (Martes pennanti). Observation data from the U.S. Forest Service and state natural heritage programs were compiled and mapped. Occupied habitats and population centers for the three species were identified and population sizes estimated based upon recorded densities and distribution. The results indicate small, isolated populations well below what may be necessary for long-term viability.","","","","","","","","Gaillard_2001_Carnivore_status_and_habitat_mapping.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2772","The relative importance of body size, phylogeny, locomotion, and diet in the evolution of forelimb dexterity in fissiped carnivores (Carnivora)","Iwaniuk AN;Pellis SM;Whishaw IQ;","2000  ","","body mass;Carnivora;diet;evolution;locomotion;phylogeny;","IN FILE","1110","1125","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","78","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Iwaniuk_et_al_2000_Evolution_of_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2773","The relationship between forelimb morphology and behaviour in North American carnivores (Carnivora)","Iwaniuk AN;Pellis SM;Whishaw IQ;","1999  ","","3NAm;Carnivora;forelimb;locomotion;morphology;predation;","IN FILE","1064","1074","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","77","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Iwaniuk_et_al_1999_Forelimb_morphology_and_behaviour_in_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2774","Mesocarnivores of northeastern North America: status and conservation issues","Ray JC;","2000  ","","3NAm;Carnivora;conservation;habitat fragmentation;status;","IN FILE","1","85","","","","","15","","","","New York","WCS Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","WCS Working Paper","","","","","","","","","","Ray_2000_Mesocarnivores_of_northeastern_North_America.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2775","Are long digits correlated with high forepaw dexterity? A comparative test in terrestrial carnivores (Carnivora)","Iwaniuk AN;Pellis SM;Whishaw IQ;","2001  ","","Carnivora;comparative method;dexterity;evolution;morphology;","IN FILE","900","906","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","79","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Iwaniuk_et_al_2001_Digit_length_and_dexterity_in_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2776","Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)","Bininda-Emonds ORP;Gittleman JL;Purvis A;","1999  ","","Carnivora;evolution;genetic differentiation;macroevolution;Mammalia;molecular clock;parsimony;phylogeny;supertree;","IN FILE","143","175","","Biol Rev ","","","74","","","","","","English","","","","","","","One way to build larger, more comprehensive phylogenies is to combine the vast amount of phylogenetic information already available. We review the two main strategies for accomplishing this (combining raw data versus combining trees), but employ a relatively new variant of the latter: supertree construction. The utility of one supertree technique, matrix representation using parsimony analysis (MRP), is demonstrated by deriving a complete phylogeny for all 271 extant species of the Carnivora from 177 literature sources. Beyond providing a 'consensus' estimate of carnivore phylogeny, the tree also indicates taxa for which the relationships remain controversial (e.g. the red panda; within canids, felids, and hyaenids) or have not been studied in any great detail (e.g. herpestids, viverrids, and intrageneric relationships in the procyonids). Times of divergence throughout the tree were also estimated from 74 literature sources based on both fossil and molecular data. We use the phylogeny to show that some lineages within the Mustelinae and Canidae contain significantly more species than expected for their age, illustrating the tree's utility for studies of macroevolution. It will also provide a useful foundation for comparative and conservational studies involving the carnivores.","","","","","","","","Bininda-Emonds_et_al_1999_Phylogeny_of_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2777","Home ranges of introduced mustelids and feral cats at Trounson Kauri Park, New Zealand","Gillies C;Pierce R;Clout M;King CM;","2000  ","","6NZ;Felis silvestris;home range;Mustelidae;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2778","Testing the specialist predator hypothesis","Graham IM;Lambin X;","2000  ","","foraging behavior;Mustelidae;niche;cycling population;predator;predator-prey;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2779","Mink and polecats in Denmark: status, control and damage to poultry","Hammershoj M;Asferg T;","2000  ","","8DK;livestock damage;Mustela lutreola;Mustela putorius;predator control;status;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2780","Survival rate of captive-born released least weasels in southern Finland","Hellstedt P;Kallio E;Hanski I;","2000  ","","8SF;captive breeding;Mustela nivalis;telemetry;release;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2781","Resource partitioning in the diet of British mustelids","McDonald RA;","2000  ","","8GB;coexistence;competition;foraging behavior;Mustelidae;niche;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2782","Using gamekeeper trapping records to monitor the abundance of stoats and weasels","McDonald RA;","2000  ","","8GB;monitoring;Mustela erminea;Mustela nivalis;population;status;trapping;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2783","Stoats as conservation pests in New Zealand","Murphy EC;McDonald RA;","2000  ","","6NZ;non-native animals;Mustela erminea;Mustela nigripes;Mustela nivalis;pest animal;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2784","Predation risk to native fauna following outbreaks of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in New Zealand","Norbury G;","2000  ","","6NZ;disease;epidemics;non-native animals;Mustelidae;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2785","The social organization of Eurasian badgers in Spain","Revilla E;","2000  ","","8ES;Meles meles;social system;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2786","Delayed response of stoats to a cyclic lemming population in north-east Greenland","Sittler B;","2000  ","","8DK;Dicrostonyx groenlandicus;Greenland;Mustela erminea;cycling population;predator-prey;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2787","Home range size, utilization and spatial organization of pine martens in Bialowieza National, Poland","Zalewski A;Jedrzejewski W;","2000  ","","7PL;home range;Martes martes;telemetry;spatial organization;","IN FILE","227","232","","Mammal Review","","","30","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gillies_et_al_2000_Poster_abstracts.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2788","The Andean mountain cat (Oreailurus jacobita) in the central Andes: an attempt of status assessment by field interviews","Chapron G;","1999  ","English translation of the article (originally in French)","2BO;2CL;Oreailurus jacobitus;questionnaire;status;Andean mountain cat;cat;Andes;survey;protected area;area;repartition;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Very few is known about the Andean mountain cat in the Andes. I was able to conduct a preliminary survey in July 1998 in several protected areas in Chile and Bolivia. Here are the results. The information gathered on its repartition provides basis for further research.","","","","","","","","Chapron_1999_Status_of_Andean_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2789","Surplus killing by introduced predators in Australia - evidence for ineffective anti-predator adaptation in native prey species","Short J;Kinnear JE;Robley A;","2002  ","","6AU;anti-predator behavior;behavior;Canis familiaris;Canis familiaris dingo;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;functional response;overkill;predation;predator;prey;surplus killing;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","283","301","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","103","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Australian examples of surplus killing by mammalian predators were collated. These included surplus killing of native mammals and birds by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and stock, native mammals and native birds by dingoes (Canis lupus dingo). We found no examples of surplus killing by feral cats (Felis catus). Incidents collated include historical anecdotes of surplus killing by foxes as they colonised the Australian mainland, recent examples where foxes killed threatened native species at sites despite intensive management to exclude foxes, and recent examples of the killing of native species on formerly fox-free islands to which foxes gained entry. Episodes of surplus killings by foxes, other than predation on captive or closely confined animals, appeared different in kind and frequency to those documented for co-evolved predator–prey systems on the large continental landmasses. They did not appear to be uncommon events associated with synchronised births of prey species, unusual or extreme weather that disadvantaged prey species, or seasonal food caching by a predator. Rather, surplus killing events appeared to reflect ineffective anti-predator defences by prey species when encountering a novel and efficient predator to which they have had no evolutionary exposure. We suggest that surplus killing by foxes may have been a feature of, and major contributor to, the rapid mainland extinction or contraction in range of many native species in Australia. In contrast to foxes, examples of surplus killing by dingoes relate mostly to domestic stock (calves and sheep). The arrival of dingoes to the Australian continent preceded that of foxes by 3500–4000 years, but they appear not to have had the dire impact on native mammals that we attribute to foxes. This may be due to fundamental differences in hunting styles and prey size and to their sparse populations in pre-European Australia. Active persecution of non-commensal dingoes by Aborigines, the lack of free-water, and the absence of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as an alternative food supply would have limited their numbers and their impact on native mammals.","","","","","","","","Short_et_al_2002_Surplus_killing_by_introduced_predators.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2790","Body size and species-richness in carnivores and primates","Gittleman JL;Purvis A;","1998  ","","body size;Carnivora;comparative method;macroevolution;primates;biodiversity;","IN FILE","113","119","Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B ","","","","265","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gittleman_&_Purvis_1998_Body_size_and_species-richness.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2791","Molecular scatology as a conservation tool","Farrell LE;","2001  ","","2VE;conservation;diet;faecal analysis;jaguar;livestock damage;molecular method;Panthera onca;puma;Puma concolor;scat analysis;","IN FILE","133","137","Endangered Species UPDATE","","","","18","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The threat of predation on livestock by large carnivores represents a major impediment to the conservation of intact ecosystems throughout the world. Although it has taken nearly a century to learn the truth about predation on livestock in North America, advanced technologies now exist to greatly expedite similar findings elsewhere. By examining the dietary ecology of puma and jaguar on a cattle ranch in the Venezuelan llanos, it is possible to help identify simple, effective methods to reduce livestock predation. In my study, dietary habits of the puma and jaguar were defined from feces (scats), kills, and ranch records. Scats were assigned to predator species through analysis of mitochondrial DNA from feces of wild carnivores. Based on dietary and ecological data of these two large carnivores, recommendations on livestock husbandry are made.","","","","","","","","Farrell_2001_Molecular_scatology_as_a_conservation_tool.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2792","Carnivores as focal species for conservation planning in the Rocky Mountain region","Carroll C;Noss RF;Paquet PC;","","","3NAm;Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;Rocky Mountains;","IN FILE","0","54","","","","","","","","","Toronto, Ontario","WWF","English","","","","","","","Following World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) 1995 report Large Carnivore Conservation in the populations of carnivores, World Wildlife Fund Canada and The Nature Conservancy initiated a project to gather and map available information on the quality of carnivore habitat in the Rocky Mountains. The overall goal of the project is to help provide information necessary to develop a comprehensive carnivore conservation strategy for the region extending from the Banff-Yoho-Jasper-Kootenay complex of national parks in Alberta and British Columbia, to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. The project comprises two phases. This report documents the results of the first phase, which answers this primary question: What is the relative suitability of the landscapes in the Rocky Mountains for supporting large and medium-sized carnivores (grizzly bear, black bear, gray wolf, coyote, cougar, lynx, bobcat, wolverine, fisher, and American marten)? We developed empirical habitat models for fisher, lynx, and wolverine based on a geographically-extensive data set of trapping and sighting records. Predictor variables derived directly from satellite imagery were significantly correlated with carnivore distribution and allowed us to predict distribution in areas for which detailed vegetation data are lacking. Predicted habitat values for lynx and wolverine are significantly correlated with trapping data from an area outside the extent of the original data set. We predicted grizzly bear, cougar, and gray wolf habitat by adapting previously-published habitat models. Conceptual models for black bear, bobcat, coyote, and marten were developed from a review of published information on specieshabitat associations. Our results suggest that when designing a comprehensive conservation strategy for carnivores in the region, the needs of several species rather than a single presumed umbrella species must be considered.","","","","","","","","Carroll_et_al_-_Carnivores_and_conservation_in_the_Rocky_Mountains.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2793","The effects of roads on wolves and bears worldwide","Stein JT;","2000  ","","Canis lupus;conservation;corridor;habitat fragmentation;habituation;human impact;road;traffic;Ursidae;Ursus arctos;Ursus arctos horribilis;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","From extermination to reintroduction: a snapshot of North American large carnivore conservation at the millennium. Unpublished Master's Thesis.","Stein JT;","Chapter 4","New Haven","Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stein_2000_Effects_of_roads_on_wolves_and_bears.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2794","Ecological extinction of native prey of a carnivore assemblage in Argentine Patagonia","Novaro AJ;Funes MC;Walker RS;","2000  ","","2SAm;ecology;extinction;Patagonia;predator-prey;prey;","IN FILE","25","33","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","92","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Novaro_et_al_2000_Extinction_of_native_prey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2795","A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation","Shin T;Kraemer D;Pryor J;Liu L;Rugila J;Howe L;Buck S;Murphy K;Lyons L;Westhusin M;","2002  ","","cloning;Felis silvestris;molecular method;","IN FILE","1","","Nature","","","","","","","14.February","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shin_et_al_2002_Cat_cloned.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2796","The Asiatic Lion","Johnsingh AJT;","","Manuscript","45Asia;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","The mammals of South Asia","Johnsingh AJT;Manfrekav N;","","New Delhi","Permanent Black","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_-_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2797","Conservation status of felids in Viet Nam","Johnsingh AJT;Dung NH;","1995  ","","4VN;conservation;Felidae;status;","IN FILE","6","10","WII Newsletter","","","","2","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Dung_1995_Status_of_felids_in_Viet_Nam.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","2798","Call of the wild","Johnsingh AJT;","1996 Jun 23 ","","4IN;conservation;conservation strategy;poaching;threat;wildlife;","IN FILE","","","","","Hindu","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1996_Call_of_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2799","Chowgarh hills, where tigers once prowled","Johnsingh AJT;Negi AS;","1996  ","","4IN;Chowgarh hills;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","4","WII Newsletter","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Negi_1997_Chowgarh_hills.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2800","Pushed down by a large-hearted, wild tiger","Johnsingh AJT;","1997  ","","4IN;attack on human;behavior;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","30","32","WII Newsletter","","","","4","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1997_Pushed_down_by_a_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2801","Memories of Bandipur","Johnsingh AJT;","1999  ","","4IN;Bandipur;behavior;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","4","WII Newsletter","","","","6","","","1&2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1999_Memories_of_Bandipur.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2802","A barren stage - Efforts in China's Wuyishan Reserve","Johnsingh AJT;","1996 Apr 5 ","","4CN;conservation;nature reserve;","IN FILE","70","73","Frontline","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1996_Efforts_in_Chinas_Wuyishan_Reserve.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2803","On Jim Corbett's trail","Johnsingh AJT;Rawat GS;","1994  ","","4IN;Jim Corbett;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","32","41","Blackbuck","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Rawat_1994_On_Jim_Corbetts_trail.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2804","Large mammalian prey - predators in Bandipur","Johnsingh AJT;","1983  ","","4IN;Axis axis;Bandipur;Cervus unicolor;Cuon alpinus;Elephas maximus;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predator;predator-prey;prey;","IN FILE","1","57","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","80","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1983_Predator-prey_in_Bandipur.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2805","Comparative analysis of the transmission of five viruses in populations of domestic cats (Felis catus L.)","Fromont E;","1997  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;population;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1","213","","","","","","","","","","University Claude Bernard - Lyon I","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fromont_1997_Transmission_of_viruses_in_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2806","Taller Análisis de la Viabilidad de Población y del Hábitat para el Lince Ibérico (Lynx pardinus) - Informe, Compilado por los Participantes de Taller: Introduction & Summaries","","1999  ","report split in 4 parts ID 2806-2809","8ES;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;Iberian lynx;legislation;Lynx pardinus;mortality;PHVA;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population viability;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;public education;PVA;rabbit;status;threats;VORTEX;","IN FILE","1","124","","","","","","","Heredia B;Gaona P;Vargas A;Ellis S;Seal US;","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","Spanish","","","","","","","The lack of knowledge on the criteria for the conservation of lynx and the increasing concern for the future of the species are the motives who made the Ministry of Environment contact the Caprive Breeding Specialist Group and the Cat Specialist Group of IUCN to carry out a workshop on a PHVA (Population and Habitat Viability Analysis) for the species. From February 22-24, 1998 50 participants from 4 countries met in the National Park of Cabañeros in Spain with the aim to revise and develop strategies for the conservation for the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Heredia_et_al_1999_Taller_analisis_de_la_viabilidad_de_poblacion_y_del_habitat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2807","Taller Análisis de la Viabilidad de Población y del Hábitat para el Lince Ibérico (Lynx pardinus) - Informe, Compilado por los Participantes de Taller: Section 1","","1999  ","report split in 4 parts ID 2806-2809","8ES;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;Iberian lynx;legislation;Lynx pardinus;mortality;PHVA;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population viability;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;public education;PVA;rabbit;status;threats;VORTEX;","IN FILE","1","124","","","","","","","Heredia B;Gaona P;Vargas A;Ellis S;Seal US;","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","Spanish","","","","","","","The lack of knowledge on the criteria for the conservation of lynx and the increasing concern for the future of the species are the motives who made the Ministry of Environment contact the Caprive Breeding Specialist Group and the Cat Specialist Group of IUCN to carry out a workshop on a PHVA (Population and Habitat Viability Analysis) for the species. From February 22-24, 1998 50 participants from 4 countries met in the National Park of Cabañeros in Spain with the aim to revise and develop strategies for the conservation for the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Heredia_et_al_1999_Taller_analisis_de_la_viabilidad_de_poblacion_y_del_habitat_-_Section_1.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2808","Taller Análisis de la Viabilidad de Población y del Hábitat para el Lince Ibérico (Lynx pardinus) - Informe, Compilado por los Participantes de Taller: Section 2","","1999  ","report split in 4 parts ID 2806-2809","8ES;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;Iberian lynx;legislation;Lynx pardinus;mortality;PHVA;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population viability;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;public education;PVA;rabbit;status;threats;VORTEX;","IN FILE","1","124","","","","","","","Heredia B;Gaona P;Vargas A;Ellis S;Seal US;","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","Spanish","","","","","","","The lack of knowledge on the criteria for the conservation of lynx and the increasing concern for the future of the species are the motives who made the Ministry of Environment contact the Caprive Breeding Specialist Group and the Cat Specialist Group of IUCN to carry out a workshop on a PHVA (Population and Habitat Viability Analysis) for the species. From February 22-24, 1998 50 participants from 4 countries met in the National Park of Cabañeros in Spain with the aim to revise and develop strategies for the conservation for the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Heredia_et_al_1999_Taller_analisis_de_la_viabilidad_de_poblacion_y_del_habitat_-_Section_2.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2809","Taller Análisis de la Viabilidad de Población y del Hábitat para el Lince Ibérico (Lynx pardinus) - Informe, Compilado por los Participantes de Taller: Section 3","","1999  ","report split in 4 parts ID 2806-2809","8ES;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;Iberian lynx;legislation;Lynx pardinus;mortality;PHVA;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population viability;Population Viability Analysis;protected area;public education;PVA;rabbit;status;threats;VORTEX;","IN FILE","1","124","","","","","","","Heredia B;Gaona P;Vargas A;Ellis S;Seal US;","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","Spanish","","","","","","","The lack of knowledge on the criteria for the conservation of lynx and the increasing concern for the future of the species are the motives who made the Ministry of Environment contact the Caprive Breeding Specialist Group and the Cat Specialist Group of IUCN to carry out a workshop on a PHVA (Population and Habitat Viability Analysis) for the species. From February 22-24, 1998 50 participants from 4 countries met in the National Park of Cabañeros in Spain with the aim to revise and develop strategies for the conservation for the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Heredia_et_al_1999_Taller_analisis_de_la_viabilidad_de_poblacion_y_del_habitat_-_Section_3.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2810","Ecology and genetics of wild-living cats in the north-east of Scotland and the implications for the conservation of the wildcat","Daniels MJ;Beaumont MA;Johnson PJ;Balharry D;MacDonald DW;Barrat EM;","2001  ","","8GB;coat pattern;conservation;ecology;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;genetics;relatedness;Scotland;","IN FILE","146","161","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The wildcat is considered to be threatened by interbreeding with the domestic cat. As a result of interbreeding the definition of a wildcat in Scotland is contentious. Many authors consider pelage characteristics to be diagnostic, yet few data exist on sympatric cats with different pelages. A study of 31 wild-living cats was conducted from 1995 to 1997 in an area associated with wildcats. Seventy-four per cent of cats caught had striped tabby pelages while 26 % had other (non-tabby) phenotypes. On the basis of data from eight nuclear DNA microsatellite loci there was no strong evidence of two groups, and tabby and non-tabby cats did not depart significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were significant differences in gene frequencies and genotypes between the two pelage types. Non-tabby cats were also significantly more similar to domestic cats than tabby cats, although still noticeably differentiated from them. There were potential parent-offspring and sibling-sibling relationships between and within tabby and non-tabby cats, suggesting recent interbreeding. On average, however, non-tabby cats were genetically less related to each other than tabby cats. Radio-tracking revealed that non-tabby adult females had significantly larger home ranges than tabby adult females. However, for all other aspects of home range size, social organization, activity patterns and habitat use there were no significant differences between cats of different pelage type. The implications of these results are that traditional approaches for attempting to distinguish wild animals in the face of interbreeding with their domestic forms are neither accurate nor effective. Instead, conservation should focus on mechanisms for dealing with groups of animals below the species level. Specifically for the wildcat in Scotland, conservation should focus on protection by area. If domestic cat controls were conducted within specified areas then the potential threat posed by interbreeding would be reduced.","","","","","","","","Daniels_et_al_2001_Wildcat_ecology_and_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2811","Cats protecting birds: modelling the mesopredator release effect","Courchamp F;Langlais M;Sugihara G;","1999  ","","Aves;conservation;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;island ecology;mesopredator;modelling;non-native animals;predator control;release;","IN FILE","282","292","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","68","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Introduced predators account for a large part of the extinction of endemic insular species, which constitutes a major component of the loss of biodiversity among vertebrates. Eradication of alien predators from these ecosystems is often considered the best solution. In some ecosystems, however, it can generate a greater threat for endemic prey through what is called the 'mesopredator release'. This process predicts that, once superpredators are suppressed, a burst of mesopredators may follow which leads their shared prey to extinction. This process is studied through a mathematical model describing three species system (prey - mesopredator - superpredator). Analysts of the model, with and without control of meso- and superpredators, shows that this process does indeed exist and can drive shared prey to rapid extinction. This work emphasizes that, although counter-intuitive, eradication of introduced superpredators, such as feral domestic cats, is not always the best solution to protect endemic prey when introduced mesopredators, such as rats, are also present.","","","","","","","","Courchamp_et_al_1999_Mesopredator_release_in_insular_ecosystems.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2812","Behavioral diversity as biological diversity: introduced cats and lava lizard wariness","Stone PA;Snell HL;Snell HM;","1994  ","","2SAm;behavior;behavioral diversity;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;Gal pagos archipelago;island ecology;Tropidurus spp.;","IN FILE","569","573","Conservation Biology","","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stone_et_al_1994_Behavioral_diversity_in_lava_lizards.pdf","","","",""
"THES","2813","The ecology of feral cats, Felis catus, in open forest in New South Wales: interactions with food resources and foxes","Molsher RL;","1999  ","","6AU;density;diet;ecology;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;forest;home range;intraguild predation;New South Wales;population dynamics;predator control;spatial organization;trapping;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","1","271","","","","","","","","","","School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Molsher_1999_Ecology_of_feral_cats_in_Wales.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2816","Genetic diversity and introgression in the Scottish wildcat","Beaumont MA;Barrat EM;Gottelli D;Kitchener AC;Daniels MJ;Pritchard JK;Bruford MW;","2001  ","","8GB;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;genetic variation;genetics;hybridization;Scotland;","IN FILE","319","336","Molecular Ecology","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This paper describes a genetic analysis of wild-living cats in Scotland. Samples from 230 wild-living Scottish cats (including 13 museum skins) and 74 house cats from England and Scotland were surveyed for nine microsatellite loci. Pelage characteristics of the wild-living cats were recorded, and the cats were then grouped into five separate categories depending on the degree to which they conformed to the characteristics attributed to Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775. Allele frequency differences between the morphological groups are greater than those among the three house cat samples. Analysis of genetic distances suggests that more of the differences between individuals can be explained by pelage than geographical proximity, and that pelage and geographical location are not confounded. Ordination of the genetic distances suggests two main groups of wild-living cats, with intermediates, and one group is genetically very similar to the house cats, while the other group contains all cats taxonomically identified as wildcat based on morphology. A genetic mixture analysis gives similar results to the ordination, but also suggests that the genotypes of a substantial number of cats in the wildcat group are drawn from a gene pool with genotypes in approximately equilibrium proportions. We argue that this is evidence that these cats do not have very recent domestic ancestry. However, from the morphological data it is highly likely that this gene pool also contains a contribution from earlier introgression of domestic cat genes.","","","","","","","","Beaumont_et_al_2001_Hybridization_in_Scottish_wildcats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2817","New insights on cheetah conservation through demographic modeling","Crooks KR;Sanjayan MA;Doak DF;","1998  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;modelling;population dynamics;","IN FILE","889","895","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Researchers have recently argued that ecological factors, especially high levels of cub predation, are more important than genetic impoverishment in limiting wild populations of the endangered cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Despite considerable controversy, however, the forces actually driving cheetah population dynamics remain unclear. We used a combination of demographic techniques to investigate how variation in survival and reproduction might influence the population persistence of wild cheetahs. We parameterized our models using detailed demographic data from recently published, long-term ecological projects on cheetahs of the Serengeti. Results suggest that the influence of juvenile survivorship on population growth rate is relatively small compared to the large effects of adult survivorship. This result is consistent across a range of vital rates and is robust to deviations due to sampling error and environmental variability. These conclusions cast a new light on the current cheetah controversy and, more generally, counsel caution in the interpretation of ecological data for conservation and management.","","","","","","","","Crooks_et_al_1998_Demographic_modeling_in_cheetah_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2818","Status of the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus in Kenya: a field-interview assessment","Gros PM;","1998  ","","1KE;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;status;survey;","IN FILE","137","149","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","85","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_1998_Status_of_cheetah_in_Kenya.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2819","The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1776) in Egypt (Felidae, Acinonychinae)","Saleh MA;Helmy I;Giegengack R;","2001  ","","1EG;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;","IN FILE","177","194","Mammalia","","","","65","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Saleh_et_al_2001_Cheetah_in_Egypt.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2820","The status and conservation of the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus in Tanzania","Gros PM;","2002  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;CCT;cct_sr;cheetah;conservation;distribution;interview;protected area;sightings;status;survey;","IN FILE","177","185","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","106","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This is the first assessment of the status of cheetahs in Tanzania since 1965. It completes a series of recent studies in Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi to provide an overall understanding of the species' status in East Africa. Interviews with 370 informants yielded 1050 cheetah sightings. Eighty-nine percent of all sightings were made in 1990-1994, and 39% of all sightings occurred in protected areas. Since the 1960s, the distribution has remained stable overall with possible reductions in central Tanzania. No definite population trends were detected. With an estimated 569-1007 individuals, Tanzania emerges as a sanctuary for the species worldwide. However rangelands, which may hold half of Tanzania's cheetahs, are undergoing rapid degradation. This precarious situation calls for the establishment of a nationwide monitoring program. Distribution map and population sizes from this study could serve as a baseline for monitoring the species' status.","","","","","","","","Gros_2002_Cheetah_in_Tanzania.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2821","The utility of chemical signals as phylogenetic characters: an example from the Felidae","Bininda-Emonds ORP;Decker-Flum DM;Gittleman JL;","2001  ","","chemical signals;evolution;Felidae;lipids;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","15","Biological Journal of the Linean Society","","","","72","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Chemical secretions that are explicitly tied to species recognition may potentially be informative for phylogenetic reconstruction, especially when traditional morphological or molecular characters lack resolution. Anal sac secretions from 16 species within the family Felidae (order Carnivora) were chemically analysed and their utility as phylogenetic characters was assessed. Results were generally consistent across the different chemical data types (e.g. glycolipids, neutral lipids, or phospholipids). Two major clades were indicated, falling out according to body size: one for species greater than 30 kg (Panthera, Uncia, and Puma) and another for those less than 12 kg (remaining species). The primary solutions agreed with respect to the species pairs Prionailurus + Leptailurus, Caracal + Lynx, Oncifelis + Leopardus, Otocolobus + Felis, Panthera leo + P. pardus, and P. tigris + Uncia. The only area of disagreement between chemical types was the positioning of the mountain lion (Puma concolor); however, this species appears to cluster with the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in the 'big cat' clade. Although our solutions differ from six previously proposed hypotheses of felid phylogeny (morphological and molecular), the previous estimates all differ strongly amongst themselves reflecting the historical uncertainty regarding felid systematics. Phylogenies derived from the lipid data were very robust and decisive. Few equally most parsimonious trees were obtained, consistency indices were much higher than their expected values, and bootstrap and Bremer support values were also high. Thus, our findings illustrate the species-specific nature of chemical signals and their usefulness as phylogenetic characters.","","","","","","","","Bininda-Emonds_et_al_2001_Phylogenetics_of_chemical_signals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2822","Modeling Florida panther movements in response to human attributes of the landscape and ecological settings","Cramer PC;Portier KM;","2001  ","","3US;barrier;corridor;Florida;human density;human impact;landscape;movement pattern;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;reintroduction;spatial use;","IN FILE","51","80","Ecological Modeling","","","","140","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This paper describes the development and results of an individual-based spatially explicit model created to assist in the potential reintroduction of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) to northern Florida, an area within its former range. The PANTHER model was created to incorporate human attributes of the landscape with ecological attributes to evaluate and identify landscape features and conservation strategies that will be critical to a population of panthers. The model mimics panther movement behavior using a C++ program, and implements panther moves over Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps depicting land cover, roads, deer densities, and human densities. Sensitivity analysis revealed home range sizes were most sensitive to how panthers perceived the landscape, their place of reintroduction on the landscape, and gender-based rules. Panther interactions were dependent on perception distances. Home range placement within the study area was most similar to field studies when panthers ranked cypress as a tertiary rather than a secondary preferred land cover type. Model simulation results indicated locations along the Suwannee River where Florida panthers and humans would prefer to reside, both under 1990s landscape conditions, and under two possible future scenarios that predicted future human development. As human density and development were increased the use of hardwood hammocks (a land cover preferred by panthers) was predicted to decrease. Simulation results also indicated that panthers increased use of several other land cover types, were subjected to increased mortality on roads, and constricted their home ranges as human density and development increased. Model results can be used to support conservation actions that restrict development in areas along rivers and identify landowners who own land panthers would most likely use.","","","","","","","","Cramer_&_Portier_2001_Florida_panther_movement_model.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2823","Florida panther genetic restoration and management: Annual performance report 2000-2001","Shindle D;Land ED;Cunningham M;Lotz M;","2001  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;management;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","102","","","","","","","","","","Bureau of Wildlife Diversity Conservation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shindle_et_al_2001_Florida_panther_genetic_restoration_and_management_report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2824","Influences of hunting on the behavior of white-tailed deer: Implications for conservation of the Florida panther","Kilgo JC;Labisky RF;Fritzen DE;","1998  ","","behavior;conservation;Florida;hunting (by human);Odocoileus viriginanus;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","1359","1364","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kilgo_et_al_1998_Deer_hunting_and_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2825","Corridors, landscape linkages, and conservation planning for the Florida panther: Enhancing expansion potential for an endangered species in southwest FloridaFinal Report","Maehr DS;Meegan RP;","2001  ","","3US;conservation;corridor;endangered species;Florida;Geographic Information System;landscape;movement pattern;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","52","","","","","","","","","","University of Kentucky, Department of Forestry","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Maehr_&_Meegan_2001_Florida_panther_and_spatial_conservation_planning.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2826","A summary of Florida panther mortality caused by vehicular collisions","Land ED;Shindle D;Lotz M;","2001 Jul 13 ","","3US;Florida;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;road;traffic;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Diversity Conservation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Land_et_al_2001_Florida_panther_mortality_caused_by_traffic.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2827","Significance of lynx Lynx lynx predation for roe deer Capreolus capreolus and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra mortality in the Swiss Jura Mountains","Molinari-Jobin A;Molinari P;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","2002  ","","8CH;Capreolus capreolus;Jura;kill rate;Lynx lynx;mortality;predation;Rupicapra rupicapra;","IN FILE","109","115","Wildlife Biology","","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Prey class selection and kill rates by lynx were studied in the Swiss Jura Mountains from March 1988 until May 1998 to evaluate the significance of lynx predation for roe deer and chamois. We found clear differences in the kill rates and prey class selection between lynx of different age, sex and breeding status. Male lynx killed more chamois than female lynx, and chamois was never found in kill series of subadult lynx. Family groups had the highest kill rate. They killed and ungulate ever 5.0 days, compared to an average of 6.2 - 6-6 days for single lynx. During our 10-year study, the density of independent lynx was rather stable, ranging within 0.94 - 1.01 individuals/100 km2. Based on the observed kill rates and the estimated lynx population structure we calculated that lynx killed 354 ± 13 roe deer and 87 ± 13 chamois annually in the 710 km2 study area. The magnitude of lynx predation on roe deer and chamois was primarily shaped by lynx population structure. A decline in the number of resident male lynx reduced the number of chamois killed in the study area by ¼ of the previous number due to the difference in prey selection of male and female lynx. There was a difference in the most frequently killed age and sex classes between roe deer and chamois: lynx killed more male chamois (39%) than females or fawns, whereas in roe deer, does (38%) were most often killed. By altering adult survival, lynx predation has a significant impact on prey population dynamics. Lynx killed a maximum of 9% of the roe deer and 11% of the chamois spring population. Considering the differences in the recruitment potential of the two prey species, lynx has a greater impact on chamois than on roe deer.","","","","","","","","Molinari-Jobin_et_al_2002_Lynx_predation_and_roe_deer_and_chamois_mortality_in_Jura.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2828","Manual del programa de salud del jaguar","Deem SL;Karesh W;","","","2SAm;capture;immobilization;method;Panthera onca;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","51","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Deem_&_Karesh_-_Manual_del_programa_de_salud_del_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","2829","Population size and conservation of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Calakmul biosphere reserve, Campeche, Mexico","Ceballos G;Chavez C;Rivera A;Manterola C;","","","2MX;Calakmul;conservation;Panthera onca;population size;","IN FILE","","","The Americas","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ceballos_et_al_-_Status_and_conservation_of_jaguars_im_Mexico.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2830","Timing of feeding bouts of mountain lions","Pierce BM;Bleich VC;Chetkievicz CLB;Wehausen JD;","1998  ","","caching;feeding;feeding ecology;mountain lion;predation;Puma concolor;remote photography;","IN FILE","222","226","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","79","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Onset of feeding by mountain lions (Puma concolor) on individual prey was studied with an automatic camera near mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that had been killed and cached by mountain lions. We categorized mountain lions as adult males, adult females, females with juveniles, and females with kittens. After sunset, females with kittens returned to kills significantly earlier than males, females, or females with juveniles. Early feeding by females with kittens might reflect avoidance of conspecifics, which are known to kill kittens. Alternatively, mothers with young kittens may remain closer to caches of prey than lone males, females, or mothers with young kittens may remain closer to caches of prey than lone males, females, or mothers with juveniles. Increased energetic needs of lactating mothers also may dictate earlier feeding.","","","","","","","","Pierce_et_al_1998_Timing_of_feeding_bouts_of_mountain_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2831","Ecology and conservation of jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Campeche, Mexico","Ceballos G;","","","2MX;Calakmul;capture;conservation;ecology;method;Panthera onca;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","21","","","","","","","","","","Instiduto de Ecología, UNAM","English","","","","","","","This is a comprehensive program for the management and conservation of Calakmul Biosphere Reserve and surrounding areas using Jaguar as the 'umbrella species' to conserve biodiversity in the region. The management program is based on several initiatives including research of Jaguar ecology, conservation education at the community and national scales, reserve protection, a mechanism to work with local cattle producers and a strategy for sustainable use to provide local economic incentives for conservation. The project was initiated in 1997 and has been the most successful to date in the capture and release of Jaguars with radio collars. The final products include a regional management strategy for Jaguar and the restructuring of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve covering 723,185 ha. The potential for purchase of additional area currently adjacent to the reserve to be managed in conjunction with Calakmul. The information gathered in the Jaguar project will be used to set priorities for purchase of key lands to connections between current preserves.","","","","","","","","Ceballos_-_Ecology_and_conservation_of_jaguars_in_Calakmul_project.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2832","Planning to save a species: the jaguar as a model","Sanderson EW;Redford KH;Chetkiewicz CB;Medellin RA;Rabinowitz AR;Robinson JG;Taber AB;","2002  ","","2SAm;CCT;cct_meth;conservation;conservation planning;conservation strategy;jaguar;modelling;Panthera onca;range contraction;range occupancy;","IN FILE","58","72","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","International conservation planning at the end of the twentieth century is dominated by coarse-filter, supra-organismal approaches to conservation that may be insufficient to conserve certain species such as the jaguar (Panthera onca). In March 1999 the Wildlife Conservation Society sponsored a priority-setting and planning exercise for the jaguar across its range, from northern Mexico to northern Argentina. Field scientists from 18 countries reached consensus on four types of information: 1) spatial extent of jaguar knowledge 2) known, currently occupied range 3) areas with substantial jaguar populations, adequate habitat, and stable prey base 4) point localities of jaguar observations during the last 10 years. During the exercise, these experts also conducted a range-wider assessment of the long-term survival prospects of the jaguar and developed an algorithm for prioritizing jaguar conservation units occurring in major habitat types. From this work, we learned that the known, occupied jaguar range has contracted to approximately 46% of estimates of its 1900 range. Jaguar status and distribution is unknown in another 12% of its former range. But over 70% of the area where jaguars are thought to still occur was rated as having a high probability of supporting their long-term survival. Fifty-one jaguar conservation units representing 30 different jaguar geographic regions were prioritized as the basis for a comprehensive jaguar conservation program.","","","","","","","","Sanderson_et_al_2002_Range-wide_conservation_planning_for_the_jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2833","Phylogeography, population history and conservation genetics of jaguars (Panthera onca, Mammalia, Felidae)","Eizirik E;Kim J;Menotti-Raymond M;Crawshaw PG;O'Brien SJ;Johnson WE;","2001  ","","2SAm;3NAm;conservation;distribution;evolution;genetics;jaguar;microsatellite;mtDNA;Panthera onca;population genetics;","IN FILE","65","79","Molecular Ecology","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The jaguar (Panthera onca), the largest felid in the American Continent, is currently threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and human persecution. We have investigated the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of jaguars across their geographical range by analysing 715 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 29 microsatellite loci in approximately 40 individuals sampled from Mexico to southern Brazil. Jaguars display low to moderate levels of mtDNA diversity and medium to high levels of microsatellite size variation, and show evidence of a recent demographic expansion. We estimate that extant jaguar mtDNA lineages arose 280 000-510 000 years ago (95% CI 137 000-830 000 years ago), a younger date than suggested by available fossil data. No strong geographical structure was observed, in contrast to previously proposed subspecific partitions. However, major geographical barriers such as the Amazon river and the Darien straits between northern South America and Central America appear to have restricted historical gene flow in this species, producing measurable genetic differentiation. Jaguars could be divided into four incompletely isolated phylogeographic groups, and further sampling may reveal a finer pattern of subdivision or isolation by distance on a regional level. Operational conservation units for this species can be defined on a biome or ecosystem scale, but should take into account the historical barriers to dispersal identified here. Conservation strategies for jaguars should aim to maintain high levels of gene flow over broad geographical areas, possibly through active management of disconnected populations on a regional scale.","","","","","","","","Eizirik_et_al_2001_Conservation_genetics_of_jaguars.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2834","Mearsurements of jaguar tracks: a promising means to identify individuals - Track collection protocols","Miller CM;","2001  ","","field method;identification of individuals;method;Panthera onca;track;tracking;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","Belize","Wildlife Conservaton Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miller_2001_Jaguar_track_measurement_for_individual_identification.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2835","Linking snow leopard conservation and people-wildlife conflict resolution: Grassroots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard form herder retribution","Jackson R;","2001  ","","4Asia;4CN;conservation;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;predator-human conflict;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","138","141","Endangered Species UPDATE","","","","18","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_2001_Snow_leopard_conservation_and_people-wildlife_conflict_resolution.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2836","War and wildlife - The Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environmentInternational Snow Leopard Trust Special Report","Zahler P;Graham P;","2001  ","","5AF;conflict;environment;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Zahler_&_Graham_2001_Afghanistan_conflicts_impact_on_environment.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2837","Sex ratio of leopards taken in trophy hunting: genetic data from Tanzania","Spong G;Hellborg L;Creel S;","2000  ","","1TZ;conservation;genetics;harvest;hunting (by human);Panthera pardus;quota;sex ratio;tourism;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","169","171","Conservation Genetics","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The sex ratio of leopards, Panthera pardus, taken by trophy hunters in Tanzania is examined. We used sex specific molecular markers to analyze 77 samples collected from animals shot between the years 1995-1998 and found that 28.6% were females, despite the fact that only males are allowed on licenses and all skins were tagged as males. The model used for quota setting assumes that only males are shot, but the effect of this violation of quotas is unknown. Off-take in Tanzania does not currently fill quotas, but when off-take approach maximum levels, compliance with set quotas and regulations will be critical for sustainable harvest.","","","","","","","","Spong_et_al_2000_Sex_ratio_of_leopards_in_trophy_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2838","Phylogeographic subspecies recognition in leopards (Panthera pardus): Molecular genetic variation","Miththapala S;Seidensticker J;O'Brien SJ;","1996  ","","genetic variation;Panthera pardus;subspecies;taxonomy;wildlife;legislation;genetic diversity;molecular method;method;mitochondrial DNA;DNA;population;island;island population;phylogenetic;parsimony;maximum likelihood;genetic differentiation;Sri Lanka;Java;historic;barrier;","IN FILE","1115","1132","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The incorporation of precise definitions for taxonomic units into wildlife legislation has necessitated the reevaluation of the taxonomy of endangered and threatened species. We used the subspecies recognition criteria proposed by Avise and Ball (1990) and O'Brien and Mayr (10991) to examine the infraspecific taxonomy of the leopard, Panthera pardus, a geographically widespread species with 27 currently recognized trinomial designations. Samples from named subspecies revealed appreciable genetic diversity using three molecular methods: allozymes, mitochondrial DNA restriction sites, and feline-specific minisatellites. Continental populations and subspecies from Africa and Asia possessed the highest amount of molecular genetic variation, whereas relatively lower amounts of diversity were present in island populations. Molecular data were analyzed using three phylogenetic methods (distance-matrix, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood) to resolve genetic differentiation below the species level The combined results revealed phylogenetic distinction of six geographically isolated groups of leopards: (1) African, (2) central Asian, (3) Indian, (4) Sri Lankan, (5) Javan, and (6) east Asian. Based on the combined molecular analyses and supporting morphological data (Miththapala 1992), we recommend that subspecific leopard taxonomy be revised to comprise eight subspecies: (1) P. p. pardus, Africa; (2) P. p. saxicolor, central Asia; (3) P. P. fusca, Indian subcontinent; (4) P. p. kotiya, Sri Lanka; (5) P. p. melas, Java; (6) P. p. orientalis, Amur; (7) P. p. japonensis, northern China; and (8) P. p. delacouri, southern China. In most cases, designated subspecies conform to historic geological barriers that would have facilitated allopatric genetic divergence.","","","","","","","","Miththapala_et_al_1996_Subspecies_recognition_in_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2839","Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus","Uphyrkina O;Johnson WE;Quigley HB;Miquelle DG;Marker L;Bush ME;O'Brien SJ;","2001  ","","evolution;genetic variation;genetics;leopard;microsatellite;mtDNA;Panthera pardus;phylogeny;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","2617","2633","Molecular Ecology","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Leopards, Panthera pardus, are widely distributed across southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The extent and phylogeographic patterns of molecular genetic diversity were addressed in a survey of 77 leopards from known geographical locales representing 13 of the 27 classical trinomial subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (727bp of NADH5 and control region) and 25 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed abundant diversity that could be partitioned into a minimum of nine discrete populations, tentatively named here as revised subspecies: P. pardus pardus, P. p. nimr, P. p. saxicolor, P. p. fusca, P. p. kotiya, P. p. delacouri, P. p. japonensis, P. p. orientalis and P. p. melas. However, because of limited sampling of African populations, this may be an underestimate of modern phylogeographic population structure. Combined phylogeographic and population diversity estimates support an origin for modern leopard lineages 470 000–825 000 years ago in Africa followed by their migration into and across Asia more recently (170 000–300 000 years ago). Recent demographic reductions likely have led to genetic impoverishment in P. p. orientalis and in the island subspecies P. p. kotiya.","","","","","","","","Uphyrkina_et_al_2001_Leopard_phylogeographic_patterns.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2840","Ecology and behavior of the Indochinese leopard in Kaeng Karchan National Park, Thailand","Grassman LI jr.;","1999  ","","4TH;behavior;ecology;home range;movement pattern;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus delacouri;telemetry;","IN FILE","77","93","","Nat Hist Bull Siam Soc ","","","47","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grassman_1999_Ecology_and_behavior_of_the_Indochinese_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2841","A study on distribution, relative abundance and food habits of leopard (Panthera pardus) in Garhwal Himalayas - Technical report (December 1999 - July 2000)","Goyal SP;Sing Chauhan D;Agrawal MK;Thapa R;","2000  ","","4Asia;4IN;distribution;feeding behavior;Himalaya;Panthera pardus;density;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","Dehradun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Goyal_et_al_2000_Distribution_status_and_food_habits_of_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2842","High genetic variation in leopard indicates large and long-term stable effective population size","Spong G;Johansson M;Björklund M;","2000  ","","1TZ;effective population size;genetic variation;genetics;leopard;microsatellite;Panthera pardus;population dynamics;population genetics;population size;","IN FILE","1773","1782","Molecular Ecology","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In this paper we employ recently developed statistical and molecular tools to analyse the population history of the Tanzanian leopard (Panthera pardus), a large solitary felid. Because of their solitary lifestyle little is known of their past or present population dynamics. Eighty-one individuals were scored at 18 microsatellite loci. Overall, levels of heterozygosity were high (0.77±0.03), with a small heterozygote deficiency (0.06±0.03). Effective population size (Ne) was calculated to be 38 000–48 000. A Ne:Nratio of 0.42 (average from four cat studies) gives a present population size of about 100 000 leopards in Tanzania. Four different bottleneck tests indicated that this population has been large and stable for a minimum of several thousand years. FST values were low and no significant genetic structuring of the population could be detected. This concurs well with the large migration values (Nm) obtained (>3.3 individuals/generation). Our analysis reveals that ecological factors (e.g. disease), which are known to have had major impact on other carnivore populations, are unlikely to have impacted strongly on the population dynamics of Tanzanian leopards. The explanation may be found in their solitary life-style, their often nonconfrontational behaviour toward interspecific competitors, or that any bottlenecks have been of limited size, localized, or too short to have affected genetic variation to any measurable degree. Since the genetic structuring is weak, gene flow is not restricted to within protected areas. Local loss of genetic variation is therefore not of immediate concern.","","","","","","","","Spong_et_al_2000_Leopard_population_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","2843","Tourism and development: Implications for snow leopard conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal","Ziegelmayer K;","","","4NP;Annapurna;conservation;tourism;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","103","103","Yale F&ES Bulletin","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ziegelmayer_-_Snow_leopard_and_tourism_and_development.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2844","Snow leopard conservation: a NABU project in Kyrgyzstan","NABU;","2001  ","","4KG;conservation;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","354","355","Oryx","","","","35","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","NABU_2001_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_Kyrgyzstan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2845","Use of tools by lions in Waza National Park, Cameroon","Bauer H;","2001  ","","1CM;behavior;learning behavior;Panthera leo;tool using;Waza National Park;","IN FILE","317","","African Journal of Ecology","","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bauer_2001_Use_of_tools_by_lions.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2846","The lions of Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda - their demographic and health status and relationships with people","Dricuru M;","1999  ","","1UG;Panthera leo;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;spatial organization;status;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","82","","","","","","","Kisolo D;Lutaaya B;Pomeroy D;Tushabe H;","","","Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Wildlife and Animal Resource Management, Makerere University","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dricuru_1999_Lion_demography_and_health_status_in_Uganda.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2847","Status and needs for conservation of lions in west and central Africa - An information exchange workshop, Limbe, Cameroon, 2-4 June 2001","","2001  ","","1Afr;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation needs;lion;Panthera leo;status;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","1","135","","","","","","Limbe, Cameroon, 2-4 June 2001","Bauer H;de Iongh HH;Princee FPG;Ngantou D;","","Apple Valley, MN, USA","Conservation Breeding Specialist Group IUCN/SSC, Cat Specialist Group IUCN/SSC, African Lion Working Group, IUCN/SSC","English","","","","","","","The workshop 'Status and Future of Lions in West and Central Africa' was held in the Limbe Botanical Garden, Cameroon, from June 2 -4, 2001. Participants in the Workshop included managers of Protected Areas, representatives of ministries in charge of wildlife, zoos, IUCN, WWF, research and training institutes, national NGOs and other stakeholders interested in the Conservation of Lions. The following lion range countries were represented: Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Guinee, Benin, Uganda. The Objectives of the Workshop were: 1) Identify the numbers and protection status of lions in West and Central African countries 2) Identify the main threats to lions and the difficulties in their conservation in West and Central African countries 3) Identify gaps in information needed for the conservation of lions in West and Central African countries 4) Understand the goals for lion populations in West and Central African countries 5) Share available information on lions and participants' experiences and actions for lion conservation 6) Come out with recommended actions for lion conservation.","","","","","","","","Bauer_et_al_2001_Lion_conservation_in_west_and_central_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2848","Viruses of the Serengeti: patterns o infection and mortality in African lions","Packer C;Altizer S;Appel MJG;Brown EW;Martenson JS;O'Brien SJ;Roelke-Parker M;Hofmann-Lehmann R;Lutz H;","1999  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;density;epidemics;feline calicivirus;Feline coronavirus;feline herpes virus;feline immunodeficiency virus;feline leukemia virus;feline parvovirus;infection;lion;mortality;Panthera leo;Serengeti;seroprevalence;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1161","1178","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","68","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. We present data on the temporal dynamics of six viruses that infect lions (Panthera leo) in the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. These populations have been studied continuously for the past 30 years, and previous research has documented their seroprevalence for feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline corona-virus and canine distemper virus (CDV). A seventh virus, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), was absent from these animals.2. Comprehensive analysis reveals that feline herpesvirus and FIV were consistently prevalent at high levels, indicating that they were endemic in the host populations. Feline calici-, parvo- and coronavirus, and CDV repeatedly showed a pattern of seroprevalence that was indicative of discrete disease epidemics: a brief period of high exposure for each virus was followed by declining seroprevalence.3. The timing of viral invasion suggests that different epidemic viruses are associated with different minimum threshold densities of susceptible hosts. Furthermore, the proportion of susceptibles that became infected during disease outbreaks was positively correlated with the number of susceptible hosts at the beginning of each outbreak.4. Examination of the relationship between disease outbreaks and host fitness suggest that these viruses do not affect birth and death rates in lions, with the exception of the 1994 outbreak of canine distemper virus. Although the endemic viruses (FHV and FIV) were too prevalent to measure precise health effects, there was no evidence that FIV infection reduced host longevity.","","","","","","","","Packer_et_al_1999_Viral_infections_in_African_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2849","Out of the Shadows","Long B;","2001  ","","3CA;3US;conservation;Lynx canadensis;status;","IN FILE","","","Defenders of Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Long_2001_Out_of_the_shadows.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2850","Vegetation structure and prey abundance requirements of the Iberian lynx: implications for the design of reserves and corridors","Palomares F;","2001  ","","8ES;corridor;dispersal;habitat;habitat analysis;habitat fragmentation;habitat selection;home range;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;prey;vegetation;fragmentation;threats;threat;biodiversity;conservation;area;protection;characteristics;characteristic;prey abundance;abundance;Iberian lynx;rabbit;selection;size;human;human activity;activity;restoration;","IN FILE","9","18","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. Habitat alteration and fragmentation are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity. The conservation of most species in highly encroached areas requires reserves that are connected by suitable habitat corridors to increase the effectiveness of the area under protection. However, the quality required for such corridors is still debated. This study investigated the habitat characteristics (vegetation structure and prey abundance) of sites used by resident and dispersing Iberian lynx in south-western Spain. 2. Vegetation structure and an index of rabbit abundance (the staple prey of lynx) were measured at sites used by radio-collared lynx in 1996 and 1997. Data from 128 plots used by resident lynx and 310 plots used by dispersing individuals were compared with data from 162 randomly located plots in sites considered to be unused by lynx. 3. Resident sites had a lower percentage of tree cover, shorter tree height, higher percentage of tall shrub cover, higher percentage of overall understorey and higher number of rabbit pellets than both dispersal and unused sites. The height of the short shrub layer was taller and the rabbit abundance index was higher in dispersing sites than in unused sites. 4. Gender did not affect habitat selection by lynx. During dispersal, lynx frequently (50% of cases) used vegetation patches narrower than 300 m. In these cases, sites used by lynx had higher understorey cover and taller shrub height than adjacent unused sites. The percentage of short shrub cover used by lynx increased with the length of time taken to disperse; this was the only variable that changed over time. 5. Range size of resident individuals declined significantly with the index of rabbit abundance but increased with the percentage of short shrub cover. Both variables were good predictors of range size. 6. The study shows that corridors connecting reserves do not have to be prime habitats; they can even support moderate habitat degradation due to human activity. This result has implications both for the conservation of existing corridors, and for the restoration of the many corridors between reserves that have been lost.","","","","","","","","Palomares_2001_Characteristics_of_lynx_habitats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2851","Virus-vectored immunocontraception to control feral cats on islands: a mathematical model","Courchamp F;Cornell SJ;","2000  ","","baiting;biological control;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;island;model;non-native animals;pest animal;virus-vectroed immunocotraception;","IN FILE","903","913","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","37","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Feral cats Felis catus introduced onto oceanic islands pose a major ecological threat to endemic vertebrates, but their control is difficult. Immunocontraception has not been considered previously as a method for their control or eradication, and therefore we used a modelling approach to assess whether virus-vectored immunocontraception (VVIC) might be effective. We compared the relative efficiency of cat control/eradication using immunocontraception and three different disseminating techniques, i.e. baits, genetically modified viral vectors, or both. We accounted for several forms of dynamic compensation likely to arise in a population with artificially reduced fertility. We conclude that, under the assumptions of our model, immunocontraception can control or eradicate feral cats on oceanic islands. VVIC was found to be a more efficient dissemination technique than baits, but an integrated method involving viral-infected baits was the most likely to lead to eradication. We advocate field trials of this VVIC technique, when available, under island conditions where any risks to non-target fauna would be minimal.","","","","","","","","Courchamp_&_Cornell_2000_Immunocontraception_to_control_alien_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2852","Landscape structure and asymmetrical inter-patch connectivity in a metapopulation of the endangered Iberian lynx","Ferreras P;","2001  ","","8ES;connectivity;corridor;dispersal;Donana;habitat fragmentation;landscape;Lynx pardinus;metapopulation;","IN FILE","125","136","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","100","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Among the factors threatening the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) (the most endangered species of all the Felidae), loss and fragmentation of its habitats are probably the most important. Connectivity between the remaining populations in the predominantly fragmented landscapes is a key factor in the dynamics and persistence of metapopulations. Based on the data collected during a long-term study on the ecology of this species in a small and fragmented population in SW Spain, I analyse the factors affecting connectivity between the two main sources and the rest of local populations. Connectivity was estimated as the proportion of dispersers from a source that reached a given subpopulation. Among the explanatory variables considered, only distance (both straight and effective distance, which takes into account habitat quality between local populations) and location of the source were clearly related to connectivity. Some other variables describing landscape features separating sources and target subpopulations (proportion of unsuitable habitats, patch cohesion, size of targets, overall size of subpopulations closer than the target) were not related to connectivity. Differences in the landscape surrounding sources help to explain the different connectivity from the two sources. An asymmetrical connectivity between the two sources and populations surrounding them (north and south) is likely explained  by the configuration of habitats encountered by dispersers, which force those from one source to behave as crossers of unsuitable habitats. These results have consequences for the conservation of the Iberian lynx populations and for ecologically similar species. Distance, the factor most affecting connectivity, is difficult to manage, although at least size and configuration of usable patches can be modified. Connectivity could also be improved through recovery of habitats with cover, suitable for dispersing. Reduction of mortality risks would also enhance connectivity indirectly, by allowing longer times and larger areas covered during dispersal. In the case of the study population, it is urgent to promote connectivity with other Iberian lynx populations due to genetic consequences of small population size and effective isolation.","","","","","","","","Ferreras_2001_Iberian_lynx_habitat_fragmentation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2853","Iberian lynx in a fragmented landscape: Predispersal, dispersal, and postdispersal habitats","Palomares F;Delibes M;Ferreras P;Fedriani JM;Calzada J;Revilla E;","2000  ","(with Spanish summary)","8ES;8PT;dispersal;habitat;habitat fragmentation;habitat selection;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","809","818","Conservation Biology","","","","14","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Applied conservation biology must provide solutions for the conservation of species in modern landscapes, where prime habitats are being continuously fragmented and altered and animals are restricted to small, nonviable populations. We studied habitat selection in a fragmented population of endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) by examining 14 years of radiotracking data obtained from lynx trapped in two different source areas. Habitat selection was studied independently for predispersal lynx in the source areas, for dispersing individuals through the region, and for postdispersing animals, most of which settled far from their point of origin. A mulitvariate analysis of variance showed that habitat use differed significantly among these phases and between area of origin, but not between sexes. The habitat type most used, and best represented within home ranges, was the mediterranean scrubland. Pine plantations were also important during and after dispersal. The rst of the habitats were either avoided (open habitats) or used according to availability (pine and eucalyptus plantations) by dispersing lynx. Differences due to lynx origin were detected only during predispersal and dispersal and were observed because animals form each area had different habitat availability. Lynx with established territories did not use areas at random. They occupied patches of mediterranean scrubland more often than would be expected from scrubland availibility during predispersal; the rest of the habitats were included within rome ranges less than would be expected from their availability in the landscape. Results indicate that dispersing animals may use habitats of lower quality than habitats used by resident individuals, which suggests that conservation strategies applied across regions might be a viable objective.","","","","","","","","Palomares_et_al_2000_Habitat_selection_by_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2854","The use of sighting data to analyse Iberian lynx habitat and distribution","Palma L;Beja P;Rodrigues M;","1999  ","","8ES;8PT;conservation;distribution;geostatistics;habitat;logistic regression;Lynx pardinus;sighting;","IN FILE","812","824","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. Over a large part of its very restricted and fragmented range, Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus occur in remote mountainous country at low density, where the only information about the species comprises records of incidental sightings obtained by inquiry. In this study we developed an approach for quantifying lynx-habitat relationships and distribution patterns from sighting data, using records from western Algarve (Portugal) in 1990-95. 2. Habitat was described in terms of land cover, topography, human disturbance and rabbit abundance, in 25-km2 cells surrounding lynx sightings and at random locations within the study area. 3. Lynx sightings were consistently associated with predictable habitat features. Sighting probabilities estimated from a logistic regression model increased with the abundance of rabbits and the proportion of land covered by tall Mediterranean maquis, and declined with road density and the amount of developed land. This model identified correctly 85.7% of lynx sightings; at the same time only 20.7% of the random locations were misclassified. 4. Indices of human presence were never associated positively with lynx sightings, suggesting that observation patterns were not influenced by the spatial distribution of potential observers. 5. Kriging was used to interpolate spatially between sighting probabilities derived from the logistic model in order to produce a map of sighting potential for the Iberian lynx in western Algarve. Jack-knife resampling assessed the accuracy of this map. Three well-defined areas of high sighting potential were identified, probably representing the lynx core areas in this region. 6. Our analysis of lynx sighting records suggests that these data may provide a first approximation to lynx habitat and distribution when further information is lacking. The application of this approach to other rare and reclusive species is discussed.","","","","","","","","Palma_et_al_1999_Analysis_of_Iberian_lynx_sightings.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2855","Appendices to: The status and conservation of the leopard in Sub-Saharan Africa","Eaton RL;","1977  ","Main report: ID 2172 (Eaton_1977_Status_and_conservation_of_the_leopard_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.pdf)","1Afr;conservation;interspecific competition;leopard;Panthera pardus;population;status;trade;trophy hunting;","IN FILE","1","53","","","","","","","","","Tucson, Arizona","Safari Club International","English","","","","","","","Includes the following Appendices:A - Questionnaires used in the studyB - Status of the leopard in Sub-Saharan AfricaC - U.S.D.I. Status survey of the leopard, 1975D - Attitudes and responses of members of the IUCN Cat Group regarding utilization of the leopard as a resource important to its conservationE - Attitudes and responses including leading wildlife authorities and African officials on why trophy hunting of the leopard should be encouraged by the U.S. and international convention regulationsF - Discussion of ideas relevant to the impact of interspecific competition on the status of the leopardG - Status of the leopard in the Sudano-Guignean zone","","","","","","","","Eaton_1977_Status_and_conservation_of_the_leopard_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_-_App.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2856","Conservation status and needs of the lynx (Lynx canadensis)Predator Conservation Alliance's Literature Summary - Draft","","2001  ","","3US;Canada lynx;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;distribution;fire;habitat conservation;habitat fragmentation;legislation;livestock damage;logging;Lynx canadensis;population size;status;threats;trapping;","IN FILE","1","30","","","","","","","","","","Predator Conservation Alliance - Saving a Place for America's Predators","English","","","","","","","This document presents a status review of the lynx in the US and recommendations on science-based policies needed to protect and restore the lynx and its habitat. Forest practices, fire, trapping, livestock grazing and other developments, habitat fragmentation, and the need for a cumulative effect analysis are recognized as the main issues affecting lynx conservation and recovery. A summary of scientific literature addressing each issue is presented together with the standards adopted by the US Forest Service on each component.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Conservation_status_and_need_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2857","DNA revials high dispersal synchronizing the population dynamics of Canada lynx","Schwartz MK;Mills LS;McKelvey KS;Ruggiero LF;Allendorf FW;","2002  ","","3NAm;dispersal;DNA;effective population size;genetics;Lynx canadensis;population dynamics;synchrony;","IN FILE","520","522","Nature","","","","415","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Schwartz_et_al_2002_Dispersal_synchronizing_population_dynamics_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2858","Predation on livestock by an expanding reintroduced lynx population: long-term trend and spatial variability","Stahl P;Vandel J;Herrenschmidt V;Migot P;","2001  ","","8FR;Jura;livestock;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;management;predation;predator-human conflict;reintroduction;","IN FILE","674","687","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. In recent decades, the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx has recolonized former habitat, bringing it into potential conflict with livestock. We studied the spatial and temporal distribution of lynx attacks on sheep in the French Jura between 1984 and 1998, during and after its population expansion. We estimated the local and regional impact of lynx predation on livestock.2. The number of attacks increased from three in 1984 to 188 in 1989, concurrently with the colonization of the main sheep range by lynx. During subsequent years, 66-131 attacks were recorded annually (92-194 sheep killed per year).3. On average, 1·6 sheep were killed per attack. Lynx preyed disproportionately on lambs and subadult sheep. A small percentage of flocks (9·5-22·9%) were attacked, most of which (75·2%) were attacked once or twice a year. At the regional level, annual sheep losses to lynx were 0·14-0·59% of the total number of sheep.4. The major lynx-livestock problem was due to clustered attacks in a few small areas. Each year, two to six 'hot spots' (33-69% of the attacks) were identified. Hot spots covered 0·3-4·5% of the total area where attacks occurred (1835-4061 km2 ). Roe deer abundance was higher in hot spots and, even here, sheep only made up 3·1% of the lynx diet. These data show that lynx were not killing sheep due to shortages of alternative prey or in response to an increased need for food when rearing young.5. The concentration of hot spots in only nine small areas between 1984 and 1998 indicated that only a few individual lynx were involved. The reappearance of hot spots at the same sites, after years of interruption and despite the removal of lynx, suggested that the ultimate factors causing hot spots were factors inherent to those sites. Further investigation is needed to identify causal factors with a view to eliminating them. These may relate to landscapes features, animal husbandry practices or the behavioural ecology of lynx.6. In future, where large predator reintroductions are planned, the potential for concentrated, localized, impact should be evaluated and mitigation measures put in place. For scattered and episodic lynx damage, financial compensation is the only realistic option at present. In hot spots, the cost-effectiveness of guard-dogs or the selective removal of some individual lynx should be evaluated.","","","","","","","","Stahl_et_al_2001_Lynx_livestock_predation_in_France.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2859","Felis concolor","Currier MJP;","1983  ","","characteristic;Puma concolor;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","7","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","200","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Currier_1983_Felis_concolor_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2860","Panthera tigris","Mazak V;","1981  ","","characteristic;Panthera tigris;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","8","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","152","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazak_1981_Panthera_tigris_Mammalian_Species.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2861","Panthera onca","Seymour KL;","1989  ","","characteristic;Panthera onca;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","9","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","340","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seymour_1989_Panthera_onca_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2862","Lynx rufus","Lariviere S;Walton LR;","1997  ","","characteristic;Lynx rufus;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","8","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","563","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lariviere_&_Walton_1997_Lynx_rufus_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2863","Felis lynx","Tumlison R;","1987  ","","characteristic;Lynx canadensis;Lynx lynx;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","8","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","269","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","Contents: Lynx taxonomy, general characters, distribution, fossil record, form, function, ontogeny and reproduction, ecology, behavior, and genetics.","","","","","","","","Tumlison_1987_Felis_lynx_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2864","Leopardus wiedii","de Oliveira TG;","1998  ","","behavior;characteristic;conservation;description;distribution;ecological data;genetics;Leopardus wiedi;margay;morphology;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","6","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","579","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","The margay is discussed in detail in this journal excerpt. Topics covered include diagnosis, general characters, distribution, fossil record, form and function, ontogeny and reproduction, ecology, behavior, genetics, and conservation status.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1998_Leopardus_wiedii_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2865","Leopardus pardalis","Murray JL;Gardner GL;","1997  ","","characteristic;Leopardus pardalis;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","10","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","548","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Murray_&_Gardner_1997_Leopardus_pardalis_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2866","Herpailurus yagouaroundi","de Oliveira TG;","1998  ","","behavior;characteristic;conservation;description;distribution;ecological data;genetics;Herpailurus yaguarondi;history;jaguarundi;morphology;reproduction;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","6","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","578","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","The jaguarundi is discussed in detail in this journal excerpt. Topics covered include diagnosis, general characters, distribution, fossil record, form and function, ontogeny and reproduction, ecology, behavior, genetics, and conservation status.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1998_Herpailurus_yagouaroundi_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2867","Felis geoffroyi","Ximénez A;","1975  ","","characteristic;Oncifelis geoffroyi;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","4","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","54","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ximenez_1975_Felis_geoffroyi_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2868","Uncia uncia","Hemmer H;","1972  ","","characteristic;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","5","Mammalian Species","","","","","","","20","","The American Society of Mammalogists","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1972_Uncia_uncia_ms.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2869","Counting cougars in California","Torres SG;","2000  ","","3US;California;conservation;livestock damage;population size;predator-human conflict;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","7","9","Outdoor California","","","","","","","May-June","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Torres_2000_Counting_cougars_in_California.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2870","The availability of tiger-based traditional Chinese medicine products and public awareness about the threats to the tiger in New York City's Chinese communities: A pilog stucy","Bolze D;Chetkiewicz CB;Ming Jiang Q;Krakower D;","1998  ","","3US;4CN;conservation;New York;Panthera tigris;public attitude;threat;Traditional Chinese Medicine;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","12","","","","New York","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society Working Papers","","","","","","","","","","Bolze_et_al_1998_Traditional_Chinese_medicine_as_a_tiger_threat_and_public_awareness.pdf","","","",""
"MAP","2871","Legal status of cougars in the United States","","2000  ","","3US;legislation;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","Predator Conservation Alliance","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Map_legal_status_of_cougars_in_the_US.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2872","Fecal DNA analysis and risk assessment of mountain lion predation of bighorn sheep","Ernest HB;Rubin ES;Boyce WM;","2002  ","","3US;DNA;DNA analysis;faecal DNA;genetics;microsatellite;Monte Carlo simulation;Ovis canadensis;predation;predator control;puma;Puma concolor;kill site;","IN FILE","75","85","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","66","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","We analyzed fecal DNA to identify individual mountain lions (Puma concolor) associated with kills of federally listed endangered bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Peninsular Ranges of California from 1993-1999. We identified 18 different mountain lions at 26 bighorn sheep kill sites, as well as 5 mountain lions not associated with bighorn sheep mortalities. Thirteen genotypes were each identified at only 1kill site, while 2 genotypes were unambiguously detected at multiple kill sites. We developed a Monte Carlo simulation model incorporating the DNA data to evaluate the benefits (bighorn sheep saved and reduction in extinction risk) and costs (mountain lions removed) of mountain lion removal under 2 management strategies for a 5-year period. One strategy removed individual mountain lions only after they killed 1bighorn sheep (kill-site removal), while the other strategy removed mountain lions found anywhere in bighorn sheep habitat (habitat removal). The habitat removal strategy was equal or superior to the kill-site removal in terms of reducing extinction risk for all sizes of ewe populations. However, the kill-site strategy more efficiently targeted bighorn sheep predators and resulted in the removal of fewer non-bighorn sheep-killing mountain lions than the less selective habitat removal strategy. Removal of 1-2 mountain lions per year by either strategy effectively decreased extinction risk for populations consisting of 15-30 ewes, while more intensive removal (3-4mountain lions per year) was necessary to reduce the risk for smaller populations containing <15 ewes. Removal of mountain lions for a short period of time may be the best option available for bighorn sheep populations in immediate danger of extinction due to mountain lion predation. Given that site-specific information and several assumptions were incorporated in our model, we strongly recommend that individualized and updated assessments be performed on the potential costs and benefits of predator control actions so that the rescue of 1species or population does not jeopardize another.","","","","","","","","Ernest_et_al_2002_Mountain_lion_predation_on_bighorn_sheep.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2873","Sequence variation in the mitochondrial DNA control region of wild African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","Freeman AR;Machugh DE;McKeown S;Walzer C;McConnell DJ;Bradley DG;","2001  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;cat;cats;cheetah;control region;domestic cat;evolution;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;gene flow;genetic variation;margay;mitochondrial DNA;ocelot;population;region;regulation;tandem repeat;","IN FILE","355","362","Heredity","","","","86","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Five hundred and twenty-five bp of mitochondrial control region were sequenced and analysed for 20 Acinonyx jubatus and one Felis catus. These sequences were compared with published sequences from another domestic cat, 20 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and 11 margays (Leopardus weidii). The intraspecific population divergence in cheetahs was found to be less than in the other cats. However, variation was present and distinct groups of cheetahs were discernible. The 80 bp RS2 repetitive sequence motif previously described in other felids was found in four copies in cheetah. The repeat units probably have the ability to form secondary structure and may have some function in the regulation of control region replication. The two central repeat units in cheetah show homogenizationthat may have arisen by convergent evolution.","","","","","","","","Freeman_et_al_2001_Genetic_variation_in_wild_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2874","Validation of a rigorous track classification technique: identifying individual mountain lions","Lewison R;Fitzhugh EL;Galentine SP;","2001  ","","3US;field method;identification of individuals;method;density;Puma concolor;track;tracking;","IN FILE","313","321","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","99","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lewison_et_al_2001_Individual_identification_of_cougars_by_tracks.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2875","Identifying individual mountain lions Felis concolor by their tracks - refinement of an innovative technique","Grigione MM;Burman P;Bleich VC;Pierce BM;","1999  ","","3NAm;field method;identification of individuals;method;density;Puma concolor;track;tracking;","IN FILE","25","32","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","88","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grigione_et_al_1999_Individual_identification_of_cougars_by_tracks.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2876","Ecology of the Patagonia puma Felis concolor patagonica in southern Chile","Franklin WL;Johnson WE;Sarno RJ;Iriarte JA;","1999  ","","2CL;ecology;home range;Patagonia;predation;predator-human conflict;prey;puma;Puma concolor;Puma concolor patagonica;radio telemetry;","IN FILE","33","40","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","90","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The ecology of the Patagonia puma was studied in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. Thirteen pumas were captured from 1986 to 1989 and equipped with radio transmitters. During the winter of 1988 there was one puma per 17 km2 in the 200 km2 study area. Home ranges varied from 24 to 107 km2. Female home ranges overlapped with those of other males and females extensively, but male ranges overlapped each other for only short time periods. Seven adult pumas had home ranges extending outside the park boundaries and at least three preyed on sheep. Guanacos Lama guanicoe, especially young animals, were the puma's most important prey item by biomass, but European hares Lepus capensis were preyed upon more than expected relative to available biomass. Of 731 guanaco skulls collected from 1979 to 1988, 33% showed clear evidence of having been killed by pumas. Over the past decade puma numbers are believed to have increased in the park, perhaps in response to an increase in guanaco numbers and continued protection. With decreased hunting pressure and harassment by horses and dogs, pumas have habituated to people and are being observed more often by park visitors.","","","","","","","","Franklin_et_al_1999_Ecology_of_puma_in_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2877","Ecology of the mountain lion on Big Bend Ranch State Park in Trans-Pecos TexasFinal Report - Wildlife Division Research StudyProject Number 86","Pittman MT;Guzman GJ;McKinney BP;","1999  ","","3US;diet;ecology;genetics;home range;Puma concolor;spatial use;Texas;","IN FILE","1","58","","","","","","","","","","Texas Parks &Wildlife","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pittman_et_al_1999_Ecology_of_puma_in_Texas.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2878","Mountain lion depredation in southern Brazil","Mazzolli M;Graipel ME;Dunstone N;","2002  ","","2BR;livestock damage;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","43","51","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","","","","105","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mazzolli_et_al_2002_Mountain_lion_depredation_in_southern_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2879","An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: the tiger as case study","Wikramanayake ED;Dinerstein E;Robinson JG;Karanth KU;Rabinowitz AR;Olson D;Mathew T;Hedao P;Conner M;Hemley G;Bolze D;","1998  ","file protected","conservation;conservation strategy;Mammalia;method;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","865","878","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wikramanayake_et_al_1998_Conservation_priorities_for_large_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2880","Yihuang China - the roar of south China tigerTrip report: south China tiger field methods workshop, provincial tiger status updates, and field activities","Tilson RL;Nyhus P;Muntifering J;","2001  ","","4CN;field method;method;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris amoyensis;Yihuang;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","","The Tiger Foundation, Minnesota Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tilson_et_al_2001_Trip_report_South_China_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2881","Saving the tiger - a conservation strategy","","1995  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;status;","IN FILE","1","28","","","","","3","","","","New York","Wildife Conservation Society","English","","","","","Wildife Conservation Society Policy Report","","","","","","","","","","WCS_1995_Saving_the_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2882","Effects of roads and human disturbance on Amur tigers","Kerley LL;Goodrich JM;Miquelle DG;Smirnov EN;Quigley HB;Hornocker MG;","2002  ","","7RU;disturbance;human impact;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;road;traffic;","IN FILE","97","108","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kerley_et_al_2002_Human_disturbance_and_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2883","Rehabilitation and translocation of two adult female Amur tigers","Miquelle DG;Goodrich J;Christie S;","2001  ","","7RU;captivity;female;monitoring;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;pre-release training;translocation;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miquelle_et_al_2001_Rehabilitation_and_translocation_of_Amur_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2884","TIGMOD: an individual-based spatially explicit model for simulating tiger/human interaction in multiple use forests","Ahearn SC;Smith JLD;Joshi AR;DIng J;","2001  ","","forest;modelling;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;TIGMOD;","IN FILE","81","97","Ecological Modeling","","","","","","","140","","","English","","","","","","","The loss of tiger habitat and the greater dependency of tiger populations on multiple use forests has led to an increase in conflict between tiger and human forest use. Gaining a better understanding of this conflict through a combination of fieldwork and modeling is critical to the survival of tiger populations in these forests. TIGMOD is an individual-based spatially explicit, object-oriented model that simulates key aspects of tiger behavior and its interactions with wild and domestic prey through stochastic processes. It is a dynamic model driven by changes in states of tigers or prey that trigger the behavior and interactions appropriate to these changes. The model permits users to run the simulation based on different scenarios that explore the relationship between prey densities and tiger survivability, as well as those that examine the relationship between villager attitudes towards tiger killing of domestic prey and the likelihood of poisoning a tiger. Model output includes number of tigers born, starved, or poisoned, and number of wild and domestic prey killed. Model simulation results agree well with field observations and data in terms of prey density versus tiger survivability, number of days between two consecutive prey kills, simulated movement of tiger traversal of its home range, and number of cubs born per breeding female tiger. This study shows that tiger populations are sustainable at low density of domestic prey but not sustainable if domestic prey density increases to three or more per square kilometer. Additionally, change in behavior and attitudes of villagers towards tigers, such as increasing guarding of livestock and higher tolerance of domestic prey kills will significantly reduce tiger mortality caused by poisoning. TIGMOD is a useful tool for analyzing the interaction between tigers and humans in multiple use forests. It provides a means of understanding the right balance between forest use by tigers and use by villagers, which can lead to implementation of management strategies that optimize both.","","","","","","","","Ahearn_et_al_2001_TIGMOD_-_tiger-human_simulation_model.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2885","Conservation de la panthère de l'Amour (Panthera pardus orientalis) en Sibérie orientale- Conservation of the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in eastern Siberia","Pelsy C;Hoette M;","2002  ","","7RU;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;Siberia;leopard;extinction;Russian far east;Jilin Province;reproduction;genetic diversity;subspecies;cats;cat;threat;region;recent;workshop;management;survival;","IN FILE","136","138","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","The Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is in immediate danger of extinction. With an estimated 25-40 individuals in the Russian Far East, 4-7 in northeast China (Jilin Province), reproduction apparently at a very low level, and genetic diversity severely impoverished, this subspecies must be considered one of the world's most endangered large cats. Despite the immediacy of the threat, conservation efforts in the region have been inadequate to reverse the trend towards extinction. A recent workshop organized by WCS and held in Vladivostok derived a set of management recommendations to ensure the continued survival of the Far Eastern leopard in the wild in its historical range, provided a mechanism for implementing new conservation measures and acted as an advertisement of its plight.","","","","","","","","Pelsy_&_Hoette_2002_Conservation_de_la_panthere_de_l_Amour_en_Siberie_orientale.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2886","Etude préliminaire du statut du guépard du Sahara (Acinonyx jubatus), Adrar des Iforas, Mali","Drieux-Dumont A;","2002  ","","1ML;1NE;1TD;Acinonyx jubatus;Sahara;status;conservation;","IN FILE","139","139","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Drieux-Dumont_2002_Status_of_the_Sahara_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2887","Un bilan des réintroductions de carnivores en Europe","Breitenmoser U;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;","2002  ","French","78Eur;Carnivora;conservation;Felis silvestris;Lutra lutra;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;Ursus arctos;eradication;predator;conflict;density;population;carnivores;predation;competition;habitat;","IN FILE","17","19","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","Problems encountered with carnivore reintroductions are characterized by the fact that these reintroductions cause great controversies because the last eradication of these predators often results from conflict with men. Because of their low density, these species require a vast territory to develop a viable population. For most of the carnivore reintroduction programs considered today as successful, it is difficult to evaluate the viability of the populations, since a limited quantity of data is available and we are still too close for a proper view. In the case of large carnivores, the conflicts with men (predation and competition with hunters) seem to be the most serious obstacle for a successful reintroduction, whereas for small carnivores, demographic factors and habitat quality are more significant.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_&_Breitenmoser-Wuersten_2002_Un_bilan_des_reintroductions_de_carnivores_en_Europe.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2888","Le lynx pardelle (Lynx pardinus) au Portugal: diverses approches dans un scénario de pré-extinction","Bessa-Gomes C;Fernandes M;Abreu P;Castro LP;Ceia H;Pinto B;Pires AE;","2002  ","","8PT;conservation;endangered species;extinction;Lynx pardinus;Iberian lynx;cat;research;area;scats;trapping;population;river;project;model;analysis;future;habitat;carrying capacity;survival;","IN FILE","130","135","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is an endemic species within the Iberian peninsula distinct from the other lynxes. It is considered as the world most threatened cat species of the world. In Portugal, a research program  in the Algarve area, based on scats analyses and camera trapping found no evidence of presence of resident lynxes. This population was supposed to be largest of the five populations of lynx identified in Portugal. A model of viability analysis showed that the lynx future in Portugal is dark, only the increase of habitat carrying capacity, together with a reinforcement of the population could significantly decrease its probability of extinction. Urgent actions are needed to ensure the survival of the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Bessa-Gomes_et_al_2002_Le_lynx_pardelle_au_Portugal.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2889","Le lynx boréal (Lynx lynx) en France: statut actuel et problèmes de gestion","Stahl P;Vandel J;Migot P;","2002  ","","8FR;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;repartition;status;conservation;","IN FILE","24","27","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","In France, following several reintroductions, the lynx currently inhabits three principal distinct mountainous areas, In the Jura, the lynx occupies a continuous area covering nearly the whole forest range. In the Vosges range, the lynx presence was noted quasi-permanently in some areas since 1989, whereas for other zones, it was not notes, or only in an occasional way. In the Alps, evidences of presence were found over all the principal ranges, but no are of continuous presence can be highlighted. The damages on sheep are primarily listed in the Jura range where this prey is extremely vulnerable. On the long term, it appeared that, in spite of absence of herd guarding methods, lynx attacks on sheep remained very few on a regional scale.","","","","","","","","Stahl_et_al_2002_Le_lynx_boreal_en_France_-_statut_actuel_et_problemes_de_gestion.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2890","Infection par les rétrovirus chez le chat domestique (Felis catus) et le chat sauvage (Felis silvestris)","Fromont E;Artois M;Stahl P;Pontier D;","2002  ","French","8FR;cat;cats;condition;epidemics;feline immunodeficiency virus;feline leukemia virus;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;FeLV;FIV;infection;leukemia;male;mortality;population;prevalence;retrovirus;risk;veterinary;virus;wild cat;","IN FILE","92","94","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","We studied propagation of FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus) and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) retroviruses in populations of domestic cats (Felis catus) and wild cats (Felis silvestris). FeLV is one of the first causes of mortality in the domestic cat and the FIV is also pathogenic. Regarding the FIV, prevalence is identical in all population studied except for the insular population. Inside a population, the reproductive males constitute the class of major risk, the other classes being infected very little. For FeLV, prevalence varies from one population to the other and in time. The classes at risk inside a population are less marked than for the FIV. Our results suggest that FeLV could die out pontaneously in a population of wildcats except if the infection is maintained permanently by transmission between wildcats and domestic cats. On the contrary, FIV could be propagated spontaneously between wildcats, but with a low frequency. Moreover, among the sampled wildcats, FeLV infected individuals were in worse physical condition than non infected ones, which lets suppose a pathogenic capacity of the virus in the wildcat.","","","","","","","","Fromont_et_al_2002_Infection_par_les_retrovirus_chez_le_chat_domestique_et_le_chat_sauvage.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2891","Conservation de la panthère des neiges (Uncia uncia) avec les éleveurs de Mongolie","Allen P;McCarthy TM;Bayarjargal A;","2002  ","French","4MN;conservation;Uncia uncia;snow;snow leopard;leopard;cat;area;poaching;habitat;predation;cattle;research;protection;predator;project;prey;cheetah;CCF;population;farm;ecosystem;","IN FILE","47","53","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a large cat living in the mountainous areas of Central Asia. It is threatened by poaching and fragmentation of its habitat. The impact of predation by snow leopard on cattle was studied in Mongolia. Research encompassed domestic herds dynamics, numerical and financial importance of losses as well as perception of leopards by herders. Leopards generally attack large animals but herders remain in majority favorable to their protection. To reconcile conservation of this predator and to come up to local community's expectations, a project called IRBIS ENTERPRISES was created. A mechanism provides additional incomes to herders by the sale of cattle products in exchange from a total protection of the leopards and their preys.","","","","","","","","Allen_et_al_2002_Conservation_de_la_panthere_des_neiges_avec_les_eleveurs_de_Mongolie.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2892","Assurer la survie du guépard (Acinonyx jubatus) en Namibie: l'action du Cheetah Conservation Fund","Saint-Marc Vittori I;","2002  ","French","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;CCF;conservation;poaching;habitat;predation;snow;snow leopard;leopard;cattle;research;protection;predator;project;cheetah;population;farm;ecosystem;","IN FILE","55","61","","","","","","L'Etude et la Conservation des Carnivores","Chapron G;Moutou F;","","Paris","Société Française pour l'Etude et la Protection des Mammifères SFEPM","French","","","","","","","The Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF) is a Namibian organization working for the surival of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Namibia hosts the last largest single population of wild cheetahs in the world, which resides primarily on farm territories, apart from protected zones. Initially scientific, CCF actions now develop a holistic approach of the cheetah conservation and include ecosystem studies, actions aimed at  supporting cohabitation with the farmers and an education program towards youth. Thanks to this fundamental work, success is appearing and the audience CCF extends now beyond the Namibian borders.","","","","","","","","Saint-Marc_Vittori_2002_Assurer_la_survie_du_guepard_en_Namibie_-_l_action_du_Cheetah_Conservatin_Fund.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2893","China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals - Mammalia - Felidae","","1998  ","","4CN;endangered species;Felidae;Mammalia;Red List;","IN FILE","93","135","","","","","","China Red Date Book of Endangered Animals - Mammalia","Wang S;Feng Z;Hu J;Liu Z;Ma Y;Sheng H;Wang Y;Zheng C;","34 to 45","Beijing, Hong Kong, New York","Science Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wang_et_al_1998_China_red_data_book_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2894","Red Book of the Uszbec SSR - Vertebrates - Felidae","","1988  ","","4UZ;endangered species;Felidae;Red List;Vertebrates;","IN FILE","26","34","","","","","Volume 1","Red Book of Uszbec SSR","Kamilov GK;Kashkarov DY;Sagitov AK;et al.;","","Tashkent","Academy of Science of Uszbec SSR","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kamilov_et_al_1988_Uszbec_red_book_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2895","Impacto das atividades humanas nos carnivoros no estado do Maranhao (Impact of human activities on carnivores in the state of Maranhao)","de Oliveira TG;","1998  ","Spanish, english abstract","activity;Carnivora;human activity;human impact;Maranhao;status;","IN FILE","67","77","","Pesq Foco, Sao Luis","","","6","","","7","","","Portuguese","","","","","","","The impacts of human activities on the carnivores in the state of Maranhão was studied. Habitat loss and fragmentation was the most important activity negatively affecting all species: Habitat alteration came second, negatively impacting almost all species, except Cerdocyon thous and Conepatus semistriatus, which are being favored by the process of forest degeneration. There was a strong association between species status and the amount and intensity of impacting factors.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1998_Impacto_das_atividades_humanas_nos_carnivoros_no_estado_do_Maranhao.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2896","Conservation assessment of jaguars (Panthera onca) in eastern Amazonia and northeastern Brazil","de Oliveira TG;","2001  ","","2BR;2SAm;assessment;conservation;jaguar;Panthera onca;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Jaguars in the new millennium: a status assessment, priority detection, and recommendations for the conservation of jaguars in the Americas","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","","Mexico","Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México / Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","The jaguar (Panthera onca), as many lardge felids, is under a series of threats of different intensities throughout its area of occurrence. Amazonia is the largest remaining stronghold for this cat, but the region is increasingly deforested and developed, especially in its eastern limits. A similar pressure also applies to the dryer areas. To assess the current range and conservation status of jaguars in eastern amazonia and the northeastern (dry) region of Brazil, recent records were plotted on a map. The jaguar conservation units (JCU) were delineated on the bases of a series of impacting factors, habitat quality, and population trends, to the best of available knowledge, in a similar fashion as applied to tigers. For every bioregion / vegetative type present (Amazonian broad leaf forest, deciduous forest, savanna and semiarid thorny shrubland), one or more JCU were chosen as key areas, those with the highest potential for maintaining long-term viable populations. Jaguar current distribution has been reduced to 60% of the original area. A total of 11 JCU were identified most with substantial size. Of these, six ranked as level 1(highest rank), two as level 2, and three as level 3. Seven were chosen as key areas. The intensity of human impact varied considerably among theme. Deforestation/ habitat conversion and hunting of prey where the most impacting factors among jaguars. Population trends were decreasing in half the units being more stable (and not threatened) in less populated/ developed areas of the Amazon, and more critical (and endangered) in deciduous forests and, especially on semiarid shrublands. The total area of protected land was also large, especially the Indian reserves. However, their effectiveness is almost non-existent. To safeguard jaguar existence in the region effective measures and a sustainable use plan will need to take place as soon as possible.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_2001_Conservation_assessment_of_jaguars_in_Brazil.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2897","Comparative feeding ecology of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in the neotropics","de Oliveira TG;","2001  ","","2SAm;conservation;diet;feeding;feeding behavior;jaguar;Neotropics;Panthera onca;puma;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Jaguars in the new millennium: a status assessment, priority detection, and recommendations for the conservation of jaguars in the Americas","Medellin RA;Chetkiewicz CB;Rabinowitz AR;Redford KH;Robinson JG;Sanderson EW;Taber AB;","","Mexico","Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México / Wildlife Conservation Society","English","","","","","","","Jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) have similar body sizes and  share many of the same ranges and habitats.  In order to understand better their ecological differentiation, their macroecological patterns of trophic utilization and dietary segregation were assessed. Dietary breadth of both species were very similar. Prey untilisation was extremely variable but, consisted predominately of peccaries, deer, large caviomorph rodents, and armadillos. Differences in their consumed biomass in sympatry were found only for peccaries and chelonians. Jaguars consumed more medium and largerd sized mammals (>1kg), whereas puma ate more medium sized mammals (1-15kg). Nevertheless no differences were found between these predators for any of the prey weigh-class sizes. Their patterns of prey selection were probably influenced by prey availability and vulnerability. Food overlap ranged from 17% to 82%, but even in areas of high overlap there were differences in the proportions of some prey taken. Jaguar and puma mean prey weight (MPW) varied considerably but, on average, that of jaguar was twice as much as the puma's. A similar trend was noted for the mean mass of main prey.  However if only MPW of wildlife were considered, no differences were found. MPW differed by habitat type for both cats. Fore both predator species larger prey were taken in the floodplains (puma also on xeric areas of the USA/Mexican boarder) and the smallest in drier South American habitats. MPW was positively correlated with jaguar (r=0.660) and puma (r=0.833) body size. The mean prey-predator ratio (MPPR) was similar for both felids whereas jaguar, puma MPW ratios showed the same patterns in Central (1;0.9) and South America (1;0.6). Trends found were indicative of dietary segregation, possibly to minimize competition.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_2001_Comparative_feeding_ecology_of_jaguar_and_puma.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2898","Of large carnivores and humans","Galhano Alves JP;","1999  ","","4IN;78Eur;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conflict;human-predator conflict;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","27","31","Down to Earth","","","","","","","July 15","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Galhano_Alves_1999_Large_carnivores_and_humans.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2899","Lolldaiga research programme","Mizutani F;","","","1KE;conservation;human-predator conflict;human population increase;livestock;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mizutani_-_Lolldaiga_research_programme.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2900","Habitat use of the Iriomote cat and changes in its response to prey availabilityin: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Present Trends and Perspectives for the 21th Century","Sakaguchi N;","1990  ","","4ID;conservation;habitat use;Iriomote;prey availability;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","137","140","","","","","","","Maruyama;et al.;","","","Wildlife institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sakaguchi_1990_Habitat_use_and_foraging_behavior_of_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2901","Guia de identificaçao dos felinos Brasileiros","de Oliveira TG;Cassaro K;","1997  ","","2BR;Felidae;Geoffroy's cat;guide;Herpailurus yagouaroundi;identification;jaguar;jaguarundi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus tigrinus;Leopardus wiedi;margay;Neotropics;ocelot;Oncifelis colocolo;Oncifelis geoffroyi;oncilla;pampas cat;Panthera onca;puma;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","60","","","","","","","","","Sao Paolo","Sociedade de Zoologicos do Brasil - Fundaçao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paolo","Portuguese","","","","","","","Identification guide of the cats in Brazil.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_&_Cassaro_1997_Guide_to_the_Brazil_felids.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","2902","Ecological research on leopards Panthera pardus in Cikaniki, Gn. Halimun National Park","Sakaguchi N;Harahap SA;Okayama KT;","","","4ID;camera trap;Cikaniki;ecology;Gn.Halimun National Park;Panthera pardus;telemetry;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sakaguchi_et_al_-_Leopards_in_Cikaniki.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2903","Arakan Yoma, where time stands still","Johnsingh AJT;Sukumar R;","1996  ","","4IN;conservation;4BU;","IN FILE","3","5","WII Newsletter","","","","3","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Sukumar_1996_Arakan_Yoma.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2904","Ecological study on the two species of felidae in Japanin: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Present Trends and Perspectives for the 21th Century","Izawa M;Doi T;Ono Y;","1990  ","","4JP;conservation;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","141","143","","","","","","","Maruyama;et al.;","","","Wildlife institute of India","English","","","","","","","There are two endemic species of wild Felidae in Japan, the Iriomote cat (Felis irimotensis) and the Tsushima leopard cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura). The latter is considered to be a sub species of the leopard cat. The ecological studies of these two cats have been conducted since 1982 and 1985 respectively, mainly by using the radio-tracking method. The aim of this paper was to explain the present status and the con servational problems of these two species.","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_1990_Iriomote_cat_and_Tsushima_leopard_cat_in_Japan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2905","In troubled waters: Mahseer at Parambikulam and its conservation","Johnsingh AJT;Ajith VP;Nair MV;","","","4IN;conservation;fishing;Kerala;","IN FILE","4","6","Biodiversity India","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_et_al_-_Mahseer_at_Parambikulam_and_its_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2906","Vietnam venture  - The primordial world of Sao La and Mang","Johnsingh AJT;","1995  ","","4VN;conservation;","IN FILE","94","97","Frontline","","","","","","","April 21","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1995_Vietnam_venture.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2907","Karnataka Tiger Conservation Project. Final Report to Save The Tiger Fund","Karanth KU;Bhargav P;Kumar S;","2001  ","","4IN;anti-poaching;capacity building;conservation;Karnataka;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","50","","","","","","","WCS;","","New York","Wildlife Conservation Society WCS","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_et_al_2001_Karnataka_Tiger_Conservaton_Project.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2908","Carnivores des régions arides: Asie de l'Ouest, Asie centrale et Afrique du Nord","Jackson P;","2000  ","","1Afr;45Asia;Acinonyx jubatus;Canis aureus;Caracal caracal;Carnivora;Felis margarita;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Vulpes rueppelli;","IN FILE","25","25","Planète Conservation","","","","","","","2/2000","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_2000_Carnivores_des_regions_arides.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2909","La comunidad de carnivoros en la reserva de biosfera Laguna de Pozuelos","Perovic PG;","","","2SAm;Carnivora;Oreailurus jacobitus;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","13","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Perovic_-_La_comunidad_de_carnivoros_en_la_reserva_de_biosfera_Laguna_de_Pozuelos.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2910","A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density","Carbone C;Gittleman JL;","2002  ","","Carnivora;conservation;density;method;modelling;","IN FILE","2273","2276","Science","","","","295","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Population density in plants and animals is thought to scale with size as a result of mass-related energy requirements. Variation in resources, however, naturally limits population density and may alter expected scaling patterns. We develop and test a general model for variation within and between species in population density across the order Carnivora. We find that 10,000 kilograms of prey supports about 90 kilograms of a given species of carnivore, irrespective of body mass, and that the ratio of carnivore number to prey biomass scales to the reciprocal of carnivore mass. Using mass-specific equations of prey productivity, we show that carnivore number per unit prey productivity scales to carnivore mass near -0.75, and that the scaling rule can predict population density across more than three orders of magnitude. The relationship provides a basis for identifying declining carnivore species that require conservation measures.","","","","","","","","Carbone_&_Gittleman_2002_Carnivore_density_scaling.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2911","Viability of the Serengeti cheetah population","Kelly MJ;Durant SM;","2000  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;Population Viability Analysis;Serengeti;","IN FILE","786","797","Conservation Biology","","","","14","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kelly_&_Durant_2000_Serengeti_cheetah_population_viability.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2912","Trends in the captive population of small neotropical cats","de Oliveira TG;","1994  ","","2SAm;captive breeding;captive population;conservation;Felidae;Neotropics;zoo;","IN FILE","38","45","","","","","","IUDZG The World Zoo Organization - Annual Conference 1994","","7","Sao Paolo","IUDZG","English","","","","","","","Because of habitat fragmentation and reduction captive breeding in zoological gardens becomes more and more important for long-term conservation of neotropical felids. Different populations in zoological gardens were taken into account to investigate population dynamics and breeding success.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1994_Captive_population_of_neotropical_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2913","Status dos mamíferos no estado do Maranhão: uma proposta de classificação das espécies ameaçadas de exinção","de Oliveira TG;","1997  ","","2BR;endangered species;Mammalia;Maranhao;Red List;status;","IN FILE","65","82","","Pesq Foco, Sao Luis","","","5","","","6","","","Portuguese","","","","","","","A system of categorization of the degree of threat of the mammalian species threatened with extinction in Maranhão State is proposed. This system was based on that proposed by Universidade Federal de São Carlos and by Grupo de Especialistas em Morcegos do Brasil. Nineteen taxa were listed, belonging to 18 species, of which five were considered Critically Endangered, four as Endangered, and ten as Vulnerable. Additionally, three species were classified as Presumably Threatened or Insufficiently Known.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1997_Status_of_mammals_in_Maranhao.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2914","A situação dos mamíferos brasileiros ameaçados de extinção do parque estadual de Mirador, Maranhão: problemas e perspectivas","de Oliveira TG;","1996  ","","2BR;endangered species;Mammalia;Maranhao;Mirandor State Park;status;","IN FILE","62","70","","Pesq Foco, Sao Luis","","","4","","","4","","","Portuguese","","","","","","","This paper deals with the status of the mammalian species threatened with extinction present at Mirador State Park. The problems presented by this park, as well as its long-term importance for the conservation of the local and state fauna are also addressed.","","","","","","","","De_Oliveira_1996_A_situacao_dos_mamiferos_de_Mirador_Maranhao.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2915","The AB blood group system in wild felids","Griot-Wenk ME;Giger U;","1999  ","","allele frequencies;blood chemistry;blood group;erythrocyte;Felidae;polymorphism;red cell antigen;","IN FILE","144","147","Animal Genetics","","","","30","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Griot-Wenk_&_Giger_1999_The_AB_blood_group_system_in_wild_felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2916","Structural analysis of the Chambura Gorge forest (Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda)","Grillini CRL;Orioli L;Piussi P;Kakuru W;","2000  ","","1UG;biodiversity;dendrometric analysis;ecotone;forest;forest structure;National Park;","IN FILE","295","302","African Journal of Ecology","","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grillini_2000_Structural_analysis_of_the_Chambura_Gorge_forest.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2917","Consérver et restaurer la biodiversité totale, des hommes, des grands carnivores et des grands herbivores sauvages. Une approche multidisciplinaire et comparative internationale. Illustration à partir de deux études de cas: tigres en Inde, loups au Portugal","Galhano Alves JP;","2001  ","","4IN;8PT;biodiversity;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;herbivore;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Bulletin Juridique International de la Protection des Aminaux","","","","","","","","France","Instidut Juridique International de la Protection des Animaux","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Galhano_Alves_2001_Conserver_et_restaurer_la_biodiversite_totale.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2918","Du tigre au loup: La biodiversité totale est l'avenir de l'homme","Galhano Alves JP;","2000  ","","Canis lupus;conservation;Panthera tigris;philosophy;","IN FILE","18","21","La Voie du Loup","","","","","","","7","","France Nature Environnement","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Galhano_Alves_2000_Du_tigre_au_loup.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2919","Cobourg Peninsula, where banteng walk along beaches of pristine beauty","Johnsingh AJT;","1998  ","","6AU;Cobourg Peninsula;nature reserve;","IN FILE","22","26","WII Newsletter","","","","5","","","1&2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1998_Cobourg_Peninsula.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2920","Movements and diet of the leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis in a seasonal evergreen forest in south-central Thailand","Grassman LI jr.;","2000  ","","4TH;diet;movement pattern;Prionailurus bengalensis;telemetry;tropics;","IN FILE","421","426","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","45","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grassman_2000_Movement_and_diet_of_the_leopard_cat.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2921","Dodital, an enchanting alpine lake in the lap of Himalaya","Johnsingh AJT;Negi AS;","1998  ","","4Asia;Dodital;Himalaya;nature reserve;","IN FILE","1","4","WII Newsletter","","","","5","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_&_Negi_1998_Dodital.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2922","Recent conservation programs for the Iriomote cat Felis iriomotensis","Izawa M;Sakaguchi N;Doi T;","2000  ","","4JP;conservation;conservation strategy;endangered species;Iriomote;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;","IN FILE","79","85","Tropics","","","","10","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The Iriomote cat Felis iriomotensis is a small-sized felid species endemic to Iriomote Island, Japan. The population size of this cat seems to be only about 100, as estimated in both 1985 and 1995. This indicates that the population is stable but small. The Iriomote cat is categorized as 'Endangered' on the Red Lists by IUCN (1996) and by the Environment Agency of Japan (1998). Habitat destruction and fragmentation, traffic accidents, negative influences of newly introduced animals, and the introduction and spread of exotic diseases seem to be the potential threats to the small insular population of the Iriomote cat. The Japanese Government recently initiated some programs for its conservation. In addition, collaborative projects have been organized by the government and university researchers for the purpose of collecting basic ecological data on this endangered species","","","","","","","","Izawa_et_al_2000_Recent_conservation_programs_for_the_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2923","Leopard (Panthera pardus Linneaus) cave caching related to anti-theft behaviour in the John Nash Nature Reserve, South Africa","de Ruiter DJ;Berger LR;","2001  ","","1ZA;anti-predator behavior;diet;feeding behavior;foraging behavior;nature reserve;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","396","398","African Journal of Ecology","","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","De_Ruiter_&_Berger_2001_Leopard_feeding_habits_and_anti-theft_behaviour.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2924","The Trailmaster camera system for detecting wildlife","Kucera TF;Barrett RH;","1993  ","","camera trap;field method;method;wildlife;","IN FILE","505","508","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","21","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kucera_&_Barrett_1993_Trailmaster_camera_system.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2925","Seasonal change in the food habits of the Iriomote cat Felis irimotensis","Sakaguchi N;Ono Y;","1994  ","","4JP;feeding behavior;Iriomote;prey availability;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;faecal analysis;Eumeces sp.;","IN FILE","167","174","Ecological Research","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sakaguchi_&_Ono_1994_Food_habits_of_Iriomote_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2926","Tiger decline caused by the reduction of large ungulate prey: evidence from a study of leopard diets in southern India","Ramakrishnan U;Coss RG;Pelkey NW;","1999  ","","4IN;conservation;diet;habitat protection;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;prey;faecal analysis;ungulate;","IN FILE","113","120","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","89","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Populations of leopards and tigers in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India, appear to be declining. To identify the cause of this decline, we examined the diets and the relative densities of leopards and tigers, comparing scat from this park with that from the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, a park known to have high leopard and tiger densities. Results suggested that the leopard density in Mudumalai was approximately twice that in Mundanthurai. No evidence of tigers was found in Mundanthurai. Prey species found in leopard diets in the two parks was similar; albeit, mean prey weight and the proportion of large ungulates were markedly lower in the Mundanthurai leopard diet. These dietary differences are consistent with the infrequent sightings of large ungulates in Mundanthurai. Analyses of satellite data revealed that large areas of grazing land in Mundanthurai have shifted to thicket, reducing available forage for large ungulates. Since large ungulates constitute important tiger prey, the low density of ungulates in Mundanthurai might explain the apparent absence of tigers. Our findings suggest that the tiger population in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve could be enhanced via the application of habitat management for large ungulates.","","","","","","","","Ramakrishnan_et_al_1999_Tiger-ungulate_decline_relationship_from_leopard_scats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2927","Description and evaluation of a remote camera and triggering system to monitor carnivores","York EC;Moruzzi TL;Fuller TK;Organ JF;Sauvajot RM;DeGraaf RM;","2001  ","","3US;California;camera trap;Carnivora;field method;method;photograph;Vermont;","IN FILE","1228","1237","Wildlife Society Bulletin","Wildl soc bull ","","","29","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","York_et_al_2001_Remote_monitoring_system.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2928","Neyyar Wildlife Santuary","Johnsingh AJT;","2000  ","","4IN;conservation;wildlife;","IN FILE","2","4","WII Newsletter","","","","7","","","3&4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_2000_Neyyar_wildife_sanctuary.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2929","Microsatellite analysis reveals that domestic cat (Felis catus) and southern African wild cat (F. lybica) are genetically distinct","Wiseman R;O'Ryan C;Harley EH;","2000  ","","Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris lybica;genetic differenciation;genetics;hybridisation;microsatellite;wild cat;","IN FILE","221","228","Animal Conservation","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The amount of genetic differentiation between the African wild cat (Felis lybica) and the domestic cat (F. catus) in southern Africa is not known, but there is concern that interbreeding between the two may have been sufficiently extensive to threaten the status of the wild cat as a genetically distinct population. Eight hypervariable microsatellite loci were therefore used to determine the genetic relationships within and among wild and domestic cat populations. Measures of genetic differentiation, including FST and RST, confirmed significant differentiation between the wild and domestic cat populations and no significant differentiation between two widely separate domestic cat populations. Our data indicate that the level of genetic introgression is lower than previously thought. This enhances the conservation status of the African wild cat and demonstrates the need for the implementation of feral cat control in and around game reserves and rural areas.","","","","","","","","Wiseman_et_al_2000_African_wild_cat_molecular_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2930","The effect of removing lynx in reducing attacks on sheep in the French Jura mountains","Stahl P;Vandel J;Herrenschmidt V;Migot P;","2001  ","","8FR;Jura;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;predator-human conflict;predator control;problem animal;","IN FILE","15","22","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","101","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The selective removal of carnivores from local areas is sometimes proposed to reduce the number of attacks on livestock. For the lynx, neither the existence of problem individuals nor the efficacy of their selective removal has been demonstrated. In France, from 1989 to 1999, eight lynx and two large carnivores thought to be lynx were legally removed from high conflict areas by trapping (n=7), shooting (n=1) or poisoning with toxic collars on sheep (n=2). The efficacy of the 10 removals was assessed on the farms where a lynx was caught and in the 5-km-radius areas encompassing both these farms and nearby sheep farms. The sex-ratio of captured lynx was seven males:one female. On four farms and in six 5-km-radius areas lynx attacks reappeared 40 days within lynx removal, but we observed a significant decrease in the overall number of attacks. In the medium-term (48-365 days), the number of attacks decreased on two farms and in four 5-km-radius areas when compared with the number observed in control plots > 10 km away from the removal sites. In the long-term, attacks reappeared on the same sites, indicating a 'site' effect. In such situations, selective removals may only temporarily reduce the problem of concentrated lynx damage. The only way to obtain a durable effect is to improve shepherding techniques.","","","","","","","","Stahl_et_al_2001_Effect_of_removing_lynx_in_reducing_attacks_on_sheep.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","2931","Density estimation of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the Brazilian Pantanal using capture-recapture analysis of camera-trapping data","Trolle M;Kéry M;","","","2BR;camera trap;capture-recapture;density;identification of individuals;Leopardus pardalis;Pantanal;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Trolle_&_Kery_-_Density_of_ocelots_in_the_Brazilian_Pantanal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2932","Guidelines for subspecific substitutions in wildlife restoration projects","Seddon PJ;Soorae PS;","1999  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;project;reintroduction;restoration;subspecies;wildlife;","IN FILE","177","184","Conservation Biology","","","","13","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seddon_&_Soorae_1999_Subspecies_and_wildife_restorations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2933","Competition refuges and coexistence: an example from Serengeti carnivores","Durant SM;","1998  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;anti-predator behavior;coexistence;competition;migration;Serengeti;spatial organization;","IN FILE","370","386","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","67","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. In the last two decades predatorprey models have shown that 'refuges', in which prey can seek respite from predation, are crucial for the persistence of prey and predator. This concept is equally applicable to interspecific competition and, in a heterogeneous environment, species with low competitive ability should seek out 'competition refuges' where competition is reduced.2. Cheetahs have low competitive ability compared with their principal competitors, hyenas and lions, which are directly responsible for their low density. This study uses distribution data collected in the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania over a 4-year period to show that cheetahs are more strongly associated with each other than with their competitors and utilize areas with low-density prey.3. Cheetahs exhibit local avoidance behaviour in both space and time with respect to lions and hyenas. This behaviour is facultative and is strongest when cheetahs are engaged in activities that might expose them to food loss or increase the risk of close interactions, such as when they are hunting or eating.4. Lactating cheetahs, whose range is restricted, are more likely to have difficulties finding prey and come into more frequent contact with lions than free-ranging animals.5. It is argued that although cheetahs always lose in direct competition, they persist in the ecosystem by seeking out 'competition refuges' with low densities of lions and hyenas and that their mobility is the key to their continued coexistence with these predators. This pattern of distribution may be generally applicable to other species which, although widely distributed, always occur at low densities.","","","","","","","","Durant_1998_Competition_refuges_and_coexistence.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2934","Cheetah introductions to two north west parks: case studies from Pilanesberg National Park and Madikwe Game Reserve","Hofmeyr M;van Dyk G;","1998  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;habitat selection;Pilanesberg;population dynamics;reintroduction;","IN FILE","60","71","","","","","","Proceedings of a Symposium on Cheetahs as Game Ranch Animals, Onderstepoort, 23&24 October 1998","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hofmeyr_&_van_Dyk_1998_Cheetah_introductions.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2935","The Matusadona Cheetah Project: Lessons from a wild-to-wild translocation","Purchase GK;","1998  ","","1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;capture;livestock damage;release;translocation;adult;cheetah;National Park;analysis;density;lions;lion;record;breeding;cub;ecotone;hunting;feeding;vegetation;size;population;","IN FILE","83","89","","","","","","Proceedings of a Symposium on Cheetahs as Game Ranch Animals, Onderstepoort, 23&24 October 1998","","","","","English","","","","","","","Bt the end of 1994, 14 adult cheetahs had been successfully released into the Matusadona National Park (MNP), Zimbabwe. These cheetahs had been captured on commercial ranches in the southern part of the country where they had been reported to be causing stock losses. No feasibility analysis of MNP was carried out prior to the translocation. The park has a relatively high density of lions (0.31/km2 ) and a density of hyenas of 0.13/km2. Four years after the translocation, 13 adult and four juvenile cheetahs were present in the park (giving a density of 0.035 /km2 ). There have been five records of breeding and two records of cubs surviving to adulthood since the cheetah were released. The cheetah in the park showed a preference for the ecotone between the woodland and foreshore. The cheetahs utilised the foreshore for hunting and feeding and the woodland for resting and moving through the park. The treeline was used most often at the same time of the day as most hunting was observed suggesting that it is used prior to a hunt. The thick woodland vegetation of MNP seems to be providing the introduced cheetah with an opportunity to avoid adverse interactions with lions and hyenas and the translocation up to the present date has been a success. There is concern that the behaviour of the cheetahs may limit the size of the population to below that which is viable.","","","","","","","","Purchase_1998_Cheetah_wild-to-wild_translocation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2936","Early post-release movements and behaviour of reintroduced cheetahs and lions, and technical consederations in large carnivore restoration","Hunter L;","1998  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;movement pattern;Panthera leo;post-release behaviour;release;translocation;","IN FILE","72","82","","","","","","Proceedings of a Symposium on Cheetahs as Game Ranch Animals, Onderstepoort, 23&24 October 1998","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_1998_Early_post-release_behaviour_of_reintroduced_cheetahs_and_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2937","Conservation targets: Do they help?","Soulé ME;Sanjayan MA;","1998  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;philosophy;","IN FILE","2060","2061","Science","","","","279","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Soule_&_Sanjayan_1998_Conservation_targets.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2938","What is Ecosystem Management?","Grumbine RE;","1994  ","","conservation;ecology;ecosystem;management;philosophy;","IN FILE","27","38","Conservation Biology","","","","8","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grumbine_1994_What_is_ecosystem_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2939","The Global 200: A Representation Approach to Conserving the Earth's Most Biologically Valuable Ecoregions","Olson DM;Dinerstein E;","1998  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;","IN FILE","502","515","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Olson_&_Dinerstein_1998_Conservation_globally.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2940","Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: Is single-species management passé in the landscape era?","Simberloff D;","1998  ","","adaptive management;conservation;conservation strategy;ecosystem;endangered species;flagship species;indicator species;keystone species;landscape;management;umbrella species;","IN FILE","247","257","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","83","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Simberloff_1998_Single-species_and_ecosystem_management.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2941","Focal species: A multi-species umbrella for nature conservation","Lambeck RJ;","1997  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;umbrella species;","IN FILE","849","856","Conservation Biology","","","","11","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lambeck_1997_Focal_species_for_nature_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2942","Number of censuses required for demographic estimation of effective population size","Vucetich JA;Waite TA;","1998  ","","effective population size;method;population size;population dynamics;","IN FILE","1023","1030","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Vucetich_&_Waite_1998_Effective_population_size.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2943","Do habitat corridors provide connectivity?","Beier P;Noss RF;","1998  ","","connectivity;corridor;habitat;habitat fragmentation;landscape;","IN FILE","1241","1252","Conservation Biology","","","","12","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","Skeptics have questioned the empirical evidence that corridors provide landscape connectivity. Some also have suggested dangers of corridors. We reviewed published studies that empirically addressed whether corridors enhance or diminish the population viability of species in habitat patches connected by corridors. A randomised and replicated experimental design has not been used - and we argue is not required - to make inferences about the conservation value of corridors. Rather, studies can use observational or experimental analyses of parameters of target populations or movements of individual animals. Two of these approaches hold the greatest promise for progress, especially if the shortcomings of previous studies are remedied. First, experiments using demographic parameters as dependent variables - even if unreplicated - can demonstrate the demographic effects of particular corridors in particular landscapes. Such studies should measure demographic traits before and after treatment in both the treated area (corridor created or destroyed) and an untreated area (habitat patches isolated from one another). This approach is superior to observing the demographic conditions in various landscapes because of the tendency for corridor presence to be correlated with other variables, such as patch size, that can confound the analysis. Second, observations of movements by naturally dispersing animals in fragmented landscapes can demonstrate the conservation value of corridors more convincingly than can controlled experiments on animal movement. Such field observations relate directly to the type of animals (e.g., dispersing juveniles of target species) and the real landscapes that are the subject of decisions about corridor preservation. Future observational studies of animal movements should attempt to detect extra-corridor movements and focus on fragmentation-sensitive species for which corridors are likely to be proposed. Fewer than half of the 32 studies we reviewed provided persuasive data regarding the utility of corridors; other studies were inconclusive, largely due to design flaws. The evidence from well-designed studies suggests that corridors are valuable conservation tools. Those who would destroy the last remnants of natural connectivity should bear the burden of proving that corridor destruction will not harm target populations.","","","","","","","","Beier_&_Noss_1998_Corridors_and_connectivity.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","2944","Non-consumptive utilisation of leopards: community conservation and ecotourism in practise","Stander PE;Ilau K;Jui N;Dabe T;Dabe D;","1997  ","","1NA;conservation;ecotourism;hunting (by human);livestock damage;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","50","57","","","","","","Proceedings of a Symposium on Lions and Leopards as Game Ranch Animals, Onderstepoort, October 1997","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_et_al_1997_Ecotourism_and_community_conservation_with_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2945","Attitude toward sustainability and extinction","Mace GM;Hudson EJ;","1999  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;economy;extinction;IUCN;philosophy;sustainability;","IN FILE","242","246","Conservation Biology","","","","13","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Conservation biologists and natural resource managers are both working to maintain species, but their approaches and priorities differ. The contrast was highlighted when the World Conservation Union (IUCN) listed some commercial fish species, such as the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), in the 1996 Red List of Threatened Animals. These species qualified under IUCN's criteria because they had undergone a marked decline in abundance. Disagreements over these listings revealed fundamental differences between resource managers and conservation biologists. Resource managers aiming to maximize continuing yields using specific, explicit, and data-rich models, generally have not considered risk assessment and sometimes face the necessity for political compromises. Conservation biologists generally consider a wide diversity of species and operate in a data-poor and precautionary context with an overall aim of minimizing extinction risk. The IUCN Red List is an extreme case in point and uses simple criteria for evaluating the conservation status of all species. Under these circumstances, it can do little more than indicate a species' status in order to prompt further investigation by the appropriate body. We suggest that productive collaboration between conservation biologists and resource managers will start with an understanding of these different perspectives and will benefit from common interests in precautionary approaches, ecosystem approaches, and adaptive management studies","","","","","","","","Mace_&_Hudson_1999_Attitude_to_sustainability_and_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2946","The ecology of asociality in Namibian leopards","Stander PE;Haden PJ;Kaqece;Ghau;","1997  ","","1NA;ecology;Panthera pardus;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","343","364","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","242","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_et_al_1997_Ecology_of_asociality_in_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2947","Private lands: the neglected geography","Knight RL;","1999  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;geography;landscape;management;private land;","IN FILE","223","224","Conservation Biology","","","","13","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Knight_1999_Private_lands.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2948","Scale domains of abundance amongst species of mammalian carnivora","Smallwood KS;","1999  ","","Carnivora;conservation;density;population size;status;threshold area;","IN FILE","102","111","Environmental Conservation","","","","26","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Smallwood_1999_Scale_domains_of_abundance.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2949","A proposal for fuzzy International Union for the Conservation of Nature categories and criteria","Regan HM;Colyvan M;Burgman MA;","2000  ","","conservation;endangered species;extinction;Fuzzy set-theory;IUCN;method;Red List;status;threat;","IN FILE","101","108","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","92","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The classification of endangered species uses categories 'extinct in the wild', 'endangered' and so on that are intrinsically vague. This vagueness presents various problems for those trying to classify species. The usual way of dealing with this vagueness is to eliminate it by providing precise definitions of the categories in question. In this paper we propose a fuzzy set-theoretic alternative that respects the inherent vagueness of the crucial categories without compromising the utility of the classification scheme. Moreover, we argue that it leads to intuitively more appropriate classifications in many cases.","","","","","","","","Regan_et_al_2000_Classification_categories_and_criteria_IUCN.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2950","The Convention on Biological Diversity: exposing the flawed foundations","Guruswamy LD;","1999  ","","biodiversity;conservation;conservation strategy;Convention on Biological Diversity;","IN FILE","79","82","Environmental Conservation","","","","26","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Guruswamy_1999_Convention_on_biological_diversity.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2951","Conservation Biology: a displacement behavior for academia?","Whitten T;Holmes D;MacKinnon K;","2001  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;philosophy;","IN FILE","1","3","Conservation Biology","","","","15","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Whitten_et_al_2001_Conservation_Biology.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2952","Experimental test of minimum viable population size","Reed DH;Bryant EH;","2000  ","","extinction;fitness;Population Viability Analysis;Musca domesticus;population genetics;population size;","IN FILE","7","14","Animal Conservation","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Reed_&_Bryant_2000_Minimum_viable_population_size.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2953","Local attitudes toward community-based conservation policy and programmes in Nepal: a case study in the Makalu-Barun conservation area","Mehta JN;Kellert SR;","1998  ","","4NP;community involvement;conservation;ecotourism;politics;public attitude;","IN FILE","320","333","Environmental Conservation","","","","25","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mehta_&_Kellert_1998_Community-based_conservation_in_Makalu-Barun.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2954","A preliminary study on the ecology of the leopard, Panthera pardus fusca in the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra","Edgaonkar A;Chellam R;","1998  ","","4IN;ecology;feeding behavior;habitat;Maharashtra;management;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus fusca;predator-human conflict;prey density;problem animal;public attitude;","IN FILE","1","33","","","","","RR-98/002","","","","Dehradun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Edgaonkar_&_Chellam_1998_Ecology_of_leoaprd_in_Maharashtra.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","2955","Snow leopard in Nepal","Gundersen SK;Jackson R;","1999  ","","4NP;conservation;Uncia uncia;WWF;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","WWF Nepal, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Nepal, International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gundersen_&_Jackson_1999_Snow_leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2956","Hunting by male lions: ecological influences and socioecological implications","Funston PJ;Mills MGL;Biggs HC;Richardson PRK;","1998  ","","1ZA;Connochaetes taurinus;Equus burchelli;hunting behavior;Kruger National Park;Panthera leo;sex-specific;Syncerus caffer;National Park;male;food;hunting;scavenging;ecology;density;prey;female;ungulate;prey selection;selection;pride;coalition;analysis;ecosystem;vegetation;area;hunting success;cub;","IN FILE","1333","1345","Animal Behaviour","","","","56","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In the Kruger National Park, male lions, Panthera leo, acquire most of their food by hunting rather than scavenging. This study, the most intensive to date of male lion ecology, showed that in savanna woodlands, with high buffalo, Syncerus caffer, densities, male lions were frequent and successful hunters. The main prey species of all male group types, but particularly nonterritorial males, was buffalo. By contrast, females preyed more frequently on the most abundant medium-sized ungulates, such as wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus, and zebra, Equus burchelli. Thus intraspecific prey selection separation was based primarily on intersexual and, to a lesser extent, social differences. Furthermore, both nonterritorial males and pride females located their favoured prey, buffalo and medium-sized ungulates, respectively, more often than other prey. We investigated the influence of several ecological variables on the socioecology of male lions, particularly as we had determined that territorial males spent little time with their pride females and tended to hunt by themselves in their respective male coalitions. Further analysis showed that in a range of ecosystems in southern and eastern Africa the proportion of time territorial males spent with, and thus scavenged from, their pride females was strongly influenced by vegetation structure, and therefore probably by the assemblage of available ungulates. In open systems, territorial males were, therefore, likely to be encountered with pride females, whereas in more wooded areas they were likely to be encountered away from their pride females. We suggest that this is because vegetation structure influences food/prey availability and hunting success and influences territory maintenance and/or cub defence.","","","","","","","","Funston_et_al_1998_Predation_by_male_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2957","Eastern Europe has a lion's share of the Eurasian trophy hunting tourism","Melisch R;","2001  ","","78Eur;Aves;hunting (by human);tourism;trophy hunting;ungulate;","IN FILE","4","5","Traffic Dispatches","","","","","","","17","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Melisch_2001_Europe_and_trophy_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2958","Record of two unique observations of the Indian cheetah in Tuzuk-I-Jahangiri","Divyabhanusinh;","1987  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;observation;record;","IN FILE","269","274","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","84","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1987_Indian_cheetah_in_Tuzuk-I-Jahangiri.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2960","Restore habitat or reduce mortality? Implications from a population viability analysis of the Iberian lynx","Ferreras P;Gaona P;Palomares F;Delibes M;","2001  ","","8ES;8PT;conservation;conservation strategy;habitat restoration;Lynx pardinus;mortality;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","265","274","Animal Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Mangers trying to preserve populations of endangered carnivores are often forced to choose between restoring habitat to allow larger breeding populations or reduce risks of mortality to increase survival rates. We modelled the viability  of a metapopulation of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) under several scenarios (habitat restoration, anti-poaching, reduction of road kills) in a real landscape to evaluate their relative effects. Increasing carrying capacity was highly effective when performed on the local populations that acted as sources but had no effect when carried out in the sinks. Realistic scenarios consisting of partial removal of the human-related mortality (assuming additive effects of causes) predicted high risk of extinction. When combined, the effects of both management options are highly dependent on where they are carried out. If the sinks are the only targets of carrying capacity enlargement, a complete removal of human-caused mortality is required, whereas increases in the carrying capacity of sources are always effective. The metapopulation risk of extinction decreases dramatically (from 45.5% to 2.1% in 100) if connectivity among source populations can be improved. According to our work, only a detailed knowledge of the spatial and demographic structure of the populations, combined with simulations of realistic situations, can help managers to select the a priori optimal strategy, which probably combines different management options.","","","","","","","","Ferreras_et_al_2001_Viability_analysis_for_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2961","Statut et conservation du lynx pardelle (Lynx pardinus) dans la péninsule Ibérique","ICONA;","1992  ","English version see ID 2736","8ES;8PT;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;human impact;Lynx pardinus;prey abundance;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","55","Strasbourg","Council of Europe Press","French","","","","","Nature and Environment Series","","Contents: Past and present-day distribution, changes in range over the years, size of the population, threats to the survival of the lynx (fragmentation of the range of distribution, reduction of rabbit population, mortality due to human intervention, habitat loss and transformation), proposals for conservation.","","","-32676  ","","","","","Icona_1992_Statut_et_conservation_du_lynx_pardelle_dans_la_peninsule_Iberique.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2962","Survival of injured Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and non-natural mortality in central-southern Spain","Garcia-Perea R;","2000  ","","8ES;Carnivora;injury;Lynx pardinus;mortality;poaching;survival;","IN FILE","265","269","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","93","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Captures and observations of handicapped carnivores living in the wild have been occasionally reported, but no information has been found in the scientific literature about survival or reproductive success of such individuals. In this study, a sample of 44 Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), collected from central-southern Spain between 1960 and 1983, has been analyzed. Evidence is presented of several lynx that had recovered in the wild from serious physical injuries, and causes of non-natural mortality are described. Results indicate that some lynx were even able to produce offspring, despite suffering physical limitations such as an amputated limb. Results suggest that, as in Doñana National Park, trapping (for predator control and capture of rabbits) was the main cause of non-natural mortality in central-southern Spain for the period considered.","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_2000_Iberian_lynx_mortality_in_Spain.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2963","Dynamics and viability of a metapopulation of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)","Gaona P;Ferreras P;Delibes M;","1998  ","","8ES;endangered species;extinction;Lynx pardinus;metapopulation;migration;Population Viability Analysis;model;population dynamics;nature reserve;","IN FILE","349","370","Ecological Monographs","","","","68","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The use of metapopulation models in conservation biology is growing exponentially, but there is a need for empirical studies that support theoretical approaches, especially for species with large and long-lived individuals. In this paper we explore the viability and dynamics of a real metapopulation of an endangered mammal by combining field work and modeling in order to support conservation decisions and evaluate theoretical approaches. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), considered the most vulnerable felid in the world, is restricted to the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, The persistence of the species is handicapped by the high fragmentation of its populations. Fewer than 1000 individuals are distributed in nine isolated populations, each of them also fragmented but with their patches connected by dispersers, in what could be called metapopulations. One of these metapopulations, including similar to 60 individuals, inhabits the Donana National Park (DNP) and its surroundings. Demographic and behavioral data gathered over one decade for this lynx population were employed to develop a spatially realistic structured model with density-dependent fecundity and migration, including demographic and environmental stochasticity. Such a model is used to identify the demographic features that determine the dynamics of this population and to predict its risk of decline under a set of alternative assumptions. A hypothetical lynx metapopulation with values of the parameters such as those observed in Donana, but without stochastic events, could sustain itself over time. Results of this deterministic model show how females occupy all the potential breeding territories, while males are below the carrying capacity. The metapopulation has a source-sink structure, with the sources internal and the sinks external to the national park. Sinks result from reduced survival rather than reduced fecundity, as generally assumed. High mortality in sink patches is deterministic, deriving both from within-patch risks and from factors related to the landscape matrix among patches. The survival rate of adults with territories in the sources was the most sensitive parameter, leading the dynamics of the metapopulation. When we include demographic stochasticity in the model, the population becomes extinct 22% of the time within 100 yr, and this value increases to 33.8% when environmental stochasticity is also considered. Most of the metapopulation extinctions occurred because of the disappearance of males due to sex differences in demographic parameters related to behavioral aspects (e.g., dispersal rate). Different scenarios were simulated as modifications affecting either within- or between-patch dynamics. Changes in the carrying capacity of source and sink patches would have very different consequences in terms of metapopulation persistence: one breeding territory increase in the largest source reduces metapopulation extinction risk from 33.8 to 17.2% in 100 yr, while an increase of three territories in the largest sink does not modify the extinction risk. In this sense, results suggest that the best management strategy for conservation should be restoring habitat at the source patches and reducing mortality at the sinks. The results of our models emphasize the need for empirical studies to characterize metapopulations in nature and distinguish between such terms as source-sink, mainland-island, nonequilibrium, or even ''refuge'' metapopulations.","","","","","","","","Gaona_et_al_1998_Iberian_lynx_metapopulation_dynamics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2964","Iberian Lynx: Conservation threats and management solutions","Pitcher J;","2001 Mar 21 ","","8ES;8PT;conservation;Lynx pardinus;management;threat;","IN FILE","1","37","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This paper will explore the situational factors surrounding the demise of the Iberian lynx population in Spain. First, the paper explores the physical and cultural characteristics of the study area that provides the geographical context for lynx conservation. Second, the biology of the Iberian lynx is examined since it is key to understanding the dynamics of lynx populations. Third, threats to the conservation of Iberian lynx are investigated due to the multitude of hazards confronting the lynx population, which effectively counter conservation efforts. Fourth, solutions are ascertained that may capacitate the timely address of the lynx decline. There are a multitude of strategies and approaches to managing the lynx decline that provides hope for the dwindling lynx population. Fifth, the role of humans is considered since people are critical to the political process called 'wildlife management' and also since humans have an ethical/moral responsability to secure the intrinsic value of living things. Finally, the future of the Iberian lynx in hte face of unfolding adversity is contemplated.","","","","","","","","Pitcher_2001_Iberian_lynx_conservation_threats_and_management_solutions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2965","First steps in captive breeding and reintroduction of Iberian lynx in Spain","Rodriguez A;","1995  ","","8ES;captive breeding;conservation;Lynx pardinus;reintroduction;","IN FILE","14","15","Re-Introduction News","","","","","","","11","","","English","","","","","","","In December 1992, the National Institute for Nature Conservation (ICONA) opened a captive breeding centre for lynx, with the capacity to house eight adult individuals, in the Doñana National Park. Three 'unrecoverables', two females (2.5 and 2 years old) and a male (9.5 years old), were brought ot the centre in 1992.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_1995_Captive_breeding_and_reintroduction_of_Iberian_lynx_in_Spain.pdf","","","",""
"SER","2966","Action plan for the conservation of the Iberian lynx in Europe","Delibes M;Rodriguez A;Ferreras P;","2000  ","","78Eur;8ES;8PT;action plan;Bern Convention;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ap/cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat connectivity;habitat conservation;Iberian lynx;inbreeding;LCIE;life history;Lynx pardinus;population dynamics;protected area;public education;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","44","","","","","111","","","","Strasbourg Cedex","Council of Europe","English","","","","","Nature and environment","","The main goal of the present Action Plan is achieving long-term viability for the few existing populations of the Iberian lynx. The Plan offers a discussion of conservation problems and contains guidelines to solve them, but it is not a management plan itself. The speed at which the Iberian lynx heads for extinction is so fast that a drastic intervention of the competent Environmental Administrations is needed in many fields to fulfill the mandate of conservation laws. Measures have to be taken to preserve and recover a landscape that mimics the Mediterranean ecosystem resulting from millennia of man-forest interaction, which presumably has benefited rabbits, a crucial resource for lynx survival. When extensive habitat recovery is difficult or impossible between populations, linear corridors are needed to favour interpopulation dispersal. The destructive ability of modern human activities and developments on the sensitive natural areas of southern Iberia must be limited. Economic support should be provided to land uses favouring the recovery of rabbit populations. Lynx deaths due to direct or indirect human actions must stop immediately, and levels of natural mortality should be reduced by improving habitat quality (i.e. survival) in lynx areas. Although it is believed that in situ measures should prevail among conservation efforts, some knowledge is needed about ex situ initiatives, including an experimental captive breeding program, and other techniques aimed at lynx reintroduction or restocking which could be needed in the next future. Many practical questions remain unanswered because of incomplete information on ecological and behavioural aspects of the lynx biology. Therefore, research programs should cover current gaps in our knowledge. Special attention must be paid to improving methods for monitoring lynx presence and abundance, which allow assessment of the efficiency of conservation measures. In practice, most of the actions listed above generate some conflicts with ongoing activities and, therefore, need a strong political and legal support. In particular, many areas require some kind of legal protection.","","","","","","","","Delibes_et_al_2000_Action_plan_for_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2967","A last chance for the Iberian lynx?","Beaufoy G;","1999  ","","8ES;conservation;Lynx pardinus;WWF;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","WWF","English","","","","","WWF Report","","The WWF Campaign for Europe's Carnivores. The plight of Europe's large carnivores has become an issue of increasing conservation concern. They continue to be persecuted by humans, and in many cases their habitats are under threat. While the precarious status of Asia's tigers is widely known, some of Europe's own top predators are in danger of quietly disappearing. Others face an upsurge in conflict with people as they attempt to reclaim parts of their former ranges. The WWF-UK Campaign for Europe's Carnivores aims to raise funds and awareness to support selected carnivores in Europe. None is in greater peril than the Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Beaufoy_1999_Last_chance_for_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2968","Home range and movements of male feral cats (Felis catus) in a semiarid woodland environment in central Australia","Edwards GP;de Preu N;Shakeshaft BJ;Crealy IV;Paltridge RM;","2001  ","","6Aus;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;home range;Kernel analysis;male;minimum convex polygon;movement pattern;","IN FILE","93","101","Australian Ecology","","","","26","","","","","","English","","","","","","","There is a paucity of data on the movement patterns of feral cats in Australia. Such data can be used to refine control strategies and improve track-based methods of monitoring populations of feral cats. In this study the home ranges and movements of male feral cats were examined over 3.5 years in a semiarid woodland environment in central Australia. Two home range estimators were used in the examination: (i) minimum convex polygon (MCP); and (ii) fixed kernel. The most widely used method of estimating home range in feral cats is MCP, while the fixed kernel method can be used to identify core areas within a home range. On the basis of the MCP method, the long-term home ranges of feral cats in central Australia were much larger than those recorded elsewhere (mean, 2210.5 ha). Twenty-four hour home ranges were much smaller (mean, 249.7 ha) and feral cats periodically shifted their 24 h ranges within the bounds of their long-term home ranges. Core area analysis indicated marked heterogeneity of space use by male feral cats. Several instances where feral cats moved large distances (up to 34 km) were recorded. These long distance movements may have been caused by nutritional stress. Using data from the literature, it is shown that prey availability is a primary determinant of long-term home range size in feral cats. The relevance of the results to the design of management strategies for feral cats in central Australia is also discussed.","","","","","","","","Edwards_et_al_2001_Movement_patterns_of_feral_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2970","How the leopard got its spots: a phylogenetic view of the evolution of felid coat patterns","Werdelin L;Olsson L;","1997  ","","coat pattern;evolution;Felidae;modelling;phylogeny;","IN FILE","383","400","Biological Journal of the Linean Society","","","","62","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Werdelin_&_Olsson_1997_Felid_coat_pattern.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2971","Naturalists by Edward O. Wilson","","","","species identification;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","91","91","Newsletter for Birdwatchers","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wilson_-_Concept_of_subspecies.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2972","The Species Enigma","Brookes M;","1998  ","","biodiversity;conservation;species concept;subspecies;","IN FILE","1","4","New Scientist","","","","","","","111","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brookes_1998_Species_Enigma.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","2973","Hybridisation rules OK!","Brookes M;","1996  ","","hybridization;species concept;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","56","56","New Scientist","","","","","","","20. April 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Brookes_1996_Hybridisation_rules_ok.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2974","Evolutionary and systematic biologists converge","Pennisi E;","1996  ","","evolution;phylogeny;species concept;taxonomy;","IN FILE","181","182","Science","","","","273","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pennisi_1996_Evolutionary_and_systematic_biologists_converge.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2975","The evolutionary systematics of living Felidae: present status and current problems","Hemmer H;","1978  ","","Felidae;species concept;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","71","79","Carnivore","","","","1","","","","Seattle","Carnivore Research Institute, Burke Museum, University of Washington","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hemmer_1978_Systematic_of_living_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2976","(Taxonomy of the Felidae)","Wozencraft WC;","1993  ","","Felidae;species concept;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","286","297","","","","","2","Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference","","","Washington, London","Smithsonian Institution","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wozencraft_1993_Taxonomy_of_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2977","A Taxonomy of the Felidae","Jackson P;","","","Felidae;idioms;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Here are the details of the new taxonomy of the Felidae, which the stamp people might like to have on hand.","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Taxonomy_of_Felidae_and_meaning_of_names.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2978","(Taxonomy of the Felidae) - Different taxonomies","Leyhausen P;Garcia-Perea R;Hemmer H;Ewer RF;","","","Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_et_al_-_Taxonomy_of_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2979","Leopard Subspecies Taxonomy - Letter to the Captive Breeding Specialist Group SSC / IUCN","Miththapala S;Seidensticker J;O'Brien SJ;","1993  ","","Panthera pardus;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miththapala_et_al_1993_Leopard_subspecies_taxonomy.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2980","The 1996 Taxonomic and legal status of the Felidae","Shoemaker AH;","1996  ","","CITES;Felidae;legislation;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shoemaker_1996_Taxonomy_and_legal_status_of_the_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2981","Family Felidae","Ellerman JR;Morrison-Scott TCS;","1966  ","","4IN;Felidae;Palaearctic;taxonomy;","IN FILE","300","321","","","","","2","Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946","","","London","Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ellerman_&_Morrison-Scott_1966_Palaearctic_and_Indian_Mammals_-_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2982","The economic costs of wildlife predation on livestock in Gokwe communal land, Zimbabwe","Butler JRA;","2000  ","","1ZW;Papio anubis;compensation program;economy;livestock;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;predation;wildlife;","IN FILE","23","30","African Journal of Ecology","","","","38","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In areas bordering wildlife reserves in Zimbabwe, agropastoralists suffer livestock depredation by wild carnivores. However, the economic value of these losses, and therefore the levels of compensation required has never been calculated. Between January 1993 and June 1996 in a 33-km2 area of Gokwe communal land bordering the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, 241 livestock were killed by wild carnivores. Baboons (Papio ursinus Kerr), lions (Panthera leo Linnaeus) and leopards (P. pardus Linnaeus) were the most serious predators, contributing 52 %, 34 % and 12 % of kills, respectively. Baboons only killed young goats (Capra hircus Linnaeus) and sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus) by day, while lions and leopards jumped into fortified kraals at night and killed cattle (Bos indicus Linnaeus), donkeys (Equus asinus Linnaeus) and smallstock. In 1995, predators killed 5 % of livestock holdings, double that recorded by other African studies. The annual total value of losses depended upon the degree of lion predation on the most valuable species, cattle and donkeys. The average annual loss per livestock-owning household was US$ 13, or 12 % of each household's net annual income. Losses could be reduced by improving kraal defences against lion and leopard predation in the dry season, when attacks were most common.","","","","","","","","Butler_2000_The_economic_costs_of_wildlife_predation_on_livestock.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2983","Family Felidae - Cats","Corbett GB;Hill JE;","1992  ","","4IN;4MY;Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","219","228","","","","","","The Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A systematic review","","","London","OUP for British Museum (Natural History)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Corbett_&_Hill_1992_Family_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2984","Cranial and dental characteristics in the systematics of old world Felidae","Groves CP;","1982  ","","characteristic;craniometry;dentition;Felidae;morphology;taxonomy;","IN FILE","28","39","Carnivore","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Groves_1982_Cranial_and_dental_characteristics_of_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2985","Felid Phylogenetics: Extant Taxa and Skull Morphology (Felidae, Aeluroidea)","Salles LO;","1992  ","","craniometry;Felidae;morphology;phylogeny;relatedness;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","67","American Museum Novitates","","","","","","","3047","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Salles_1992_Felid_phylogenetics.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2986","Comparison of skull shape in marsupial and placental carnivores","Werdelin L;","1986  ","","Carnivora;craniometry;Dasyurida;morphology;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","109","117","Australian Journal of Zoology","","","","34","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1986_Skull_shape_in_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2987","Correspondence Analysis and the Analysis of Skull Shape and Structure","Werdelin L;","1988  ","","Carnivora;correspondence analysis;craniometry;skull;taxonomy;","IN FILE","207","215","Ossa","","","","13","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1988_Skull_shape_analysis_in_Carnivora.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2988","Morphological patterns in the skull of cats","Werdelin L;","1983  ","","biometrics;correspondence analysis;craniometry;Felidae;morphology;skull;","IN FILE","375","391","Biological Journal of the Linean Society","","","","19","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Measurements on the skull and dentition of 159 specimens of 22 species of recent felid were analysed using multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis and correspondence analysis). The resulting patterns were considered in the light of recent work on the systematics of felids (large cats and small cats were clearly differentiated). Within each group there are subgroups. In the small cat group one subgroup was found to consist of the species Lynx lynx, L. rufus, L. pardina, L. canadensis and possibly Felis manul. Another subgroup consisted of the species F. bengalis, F. rubiginosa, F. planiceps and F. viverrina. These two subgroups agree well with other work on felid systematics. Subgroups which do not agree so well with other work were also found, and the reasons for this are considered. Within the large cats there are two species, F. concolor and Neofelis nebulosa, which are clearly deviant from the norm. The reasons for this deviation are also considered.","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1983_Morphological_patterns_in_the_skull_of_cats.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","2989","Classification of Felidae","Werdelin L;","1992  ","","Felidae;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Werdelin_1992_Classification_of_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2990","Study ot the genetics of the South American cats","O'Brien SJ;Johnson WE;Martenson J;Culver M;Quigley K;Quigley HB;Wildt DE;Bush ME;Roelke ME;Schischakin N;Glass CM;Simmons L;Johnston L;","","","2SAm;albumin immunological distances;DNA technique;Felidae;genetics;isozyme variation;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_-_Genetics_of_the_South_American_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2991","Bureaucratic mischief: recognizing endangered species and subspecies","O'Brien SJ;Mayr E;","1991  ","","conservation;endangered species;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1187","1188","Science","","","","251","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_&_Mayr_1991_Recognizing_endangered_species.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2992","Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals","Peters G;","2002  ","","convergency;evolution;Felidae;homology;Mammalia;purring;vocalisation;","IN FILE","245","271","","Mammal Review","","","32","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The terms purr and purring have been used for vocalizations produced by a variety of mammalian species in different orders. A few other mammalian vocalizations that are structurally somewhat similar to felid purring but have been given another term have also been described in the literature. Because use of the same term implies 'sameness', which in an evolutionary sense can only mean that the vocalizations so named are homologous (= share the same ancestral vocalization type), the terms purr and purring ought to be restricted to vocalizations homologous with felid purring, and any mammalian vocalization homologous with felid purring ought to be named accordingly. According to present knowledge 'true' purring is established only in the families Viverridae and Felidae of the Carnivora. Vocalizations very similar in structure occur in matching behavioural contexts in other families of the Carnivora and several other mammalian orders. Most of these vocalization types are likely to have evolved convergently.","","","","","","","","Peters_2002_Purring_sounds_in_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","2993","Remarks on the Nomenclature of Felidae","Leyhausen P;","","","Felidae;taxonomy;behavior;","IN FILE","313","315","","","","","","Cat Behavior","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leyhausen_-_Remarks_on_the_Nomenclature_of_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2994","Cougar dispersal patterns, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation","Sweanor LL;Logan KA;Hornocker MG;","2000  ","","3US;conservation;dispersal;metapopulation;migration;New Mexico;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","798","808","Conservation Biology","","","","14","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","We examined cougar ( Puma concolor) dispersal, emigration, and immigration in the San Andres Mountains, New Mexico, from 1985 to 1995 to quantify the effects of dispersal on the local population and surrounding subpopulations. We captured, tagged, and radio-collared animals to detect the arrival of new immigrants and dispersal characteristics of progeny. We found that cougars in southern New Mexico exhibited a metapopulation structure in which cougar subpopulations were separated by expanses of noncougar habitat and linked by dispersers. Of 43 progeny (n = 20 males, 23 females) studied after independence, only 13 females exhibited philopatric behavior. Males dispersed significantly farther than females, were more likely to traverse large expanses of noncougar habitat, and were probably most responsible for nuclear gene flow between habitat patches. We estimated that an average of 8.5 progeny (i.e., cougars born in the study area) successfully emigrated from and 4.3 cougars successfully immigrated to the San Andres Mountains each year. Concurrently, an average of 4.1 progeny were recruited into the San Andres cougar population. Protected cougar subpopulations can contribute to metapopulation persistence by supplying immigrants to surrounding subpopulations that are affected by fragmentation or offtake by humans. Cougar population dynamics and dispersal behavior dictate that cougar management and conservation should be considered on a regional scale.","","","","","","","","Sweanor_et_al_2000_Cougar_dispersal_patterns_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2995","Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat fragmentation","Crooks KR;","2002  ","","3US;body size;California;Canis latrans;Didelphis virginiana;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;habitat;habitat fragmentation;isolation;Lynx rufus;Mephitis mephitis;Mustela frenata;Procyon lotor;Puma concolor;Spilogale gracilis;Taxidea taxus;track survey;Urocyon cinereoargenteus;","IN FILE","488","502","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","I examined the effects of habitat fragmentation on the distribution and abundance of mammalian carnivores in coastal southern California and tested the prediction that responses to fragmentation varied with the body size of carnivore species. I conducted track surveys for nine native and two exotic carnivore species in 29 urban habitat fragments and 10 control sites. Fragment area and isolation were the two strongest landscape descriptors of predator distribution and abundance. Six species were sensitive to fragmentation, generally disappearing as habitat patches became smaller and more isolated; three species were enhanced by fragmentation, with increased abundance in highly fragmented sites; and two species were tolerant of fragmentation, with little to no effect of landscape variables on their distribution and abundance. Within urban habitat fragments, the carnivore visitation rate increased at sites with more exotic cover and closer to the urban edge, a pattern driven largely by the increased abundance of fragmentation-enhanced carnivores at edge sites. Finally, body size, in conjunction with other ecological characteristics, partially accounted for the heterogeneity in responses to fragmentation among carnivore species. These differential sensitivities are useful criteria for choosing appropriate focal species for ecological research and conservation planning, a choice that depends on the scale of fragmentation in a region and the commensurate responses of carnivore populations at that scale.","","","","","","","","Crooks_2002_Sensitivities_of_carnivores_to_fragmentation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","2997","Kerinci Seblat Tiger Protection Project - Pelestarian Harimau Sumatera Kerinci Seblat - Report on activities and progress 2000-2001","Hartana AT;Martyr DJ;","2001  ","","4ID;anti-poaching;Kerinci;Panthera tigris;poaching;predator-human conflict;Sumatra;","IN FILE","1","38","","","","","","","","","","Fauna & Flora International","English","","","","","","","The Kerinci Seblat Tiger Protection project has been launched in 2000 to support the Indonesian Government's commitment regarding protection of the Sumatran tiger. The long-term aim is to develop an effective field response to tiger poaching and to maintain a sustainable tiger population in the Kerinci Seblat National Park. The main activieties of the project comprise: 1) Intelligence investigations 2) Forest patrols 3) Law enforcement 4) Interventions to mitigate effects of human-tiger conflict.","","","","","","","","Hartana_&_Martyr_2001_Kerinci_Seblat_tiger_project.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2998","Status review of the protected-area system in Myanmar, with recommendations for conservation planning","Rao M;Rabinowitz AR;Khaing ST;","2002  ","","4BU;conservation;nature reserve;nature reserve managenemt;protected areas;","IN FILE","360","368","Conservation Biology","","","","16","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Myanmar is among the most biologically diverse countries in mainland Southeast Asia. In contrast to its neighbors, large areas of Myanmar's forest cover remain intact, providing a unique opportunity to conserve biodiversity within protected areas. High levels of deforestation, unrestricted hunting, and destructive agricultural practices have resulted in significant wildlife declines and rapid loss of natural habitats. We analyzed the status of 20 of the 31 officially gazetted protected areas in Myanmar within a framework that classified activities incompatible with protected-area status into two broad categories, small and large scale. Small-scale incompatibilities driven by economic necessity and lack of alternatives for local populations within and adjacent to protected areas occurred more frequently than large-scale incompatibilities driven by larger economic interests. Extraction of nontimber forest products was reported in 85% of the protected areas and ranked highest among the 15 identified incompatibilities. Grazing, hunting, fuelwood extraction, and permanent settlements occurred in more than 50% of the parks surveyed. Forty percent of the protected areas had some infrastructure for reserve management (with significant gaps) but insufficient on-site personnel to adequately perform management activities. Thirty-five percent had approximately half their staff trained in basic field techniques, and 60% had a planning document that was yet to be implemented. Older protected areas were affected by a greater number of incompatibilities than recently established protected areas. Major recommendations include the critical need to address the issue of hunting; involving local communities in the management of protected areas and buffer zones; building the technical capacity of protected-area staff; implementing a comprehensive land-use plan focused on stabilizing land use; and amending existing wildlife laws to fulfill international treaty obligations.","","","","","","","","Rao_et_al_2002_Protected_areas_in_Myanmar.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","2999","Reintroduction of 'cheetah' into the wild in India - is there a case?","Mishra MK;","1996  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;genetics;history;reintroduction;","IN FILE","11","12","","","Zoo's Print Ten Years","","","","","January 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mishra_1996_Cheetah_reintroduction_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3000","Snow Leopard","Jackson RM;","2000  ","","conflict;conservation;predator-human conflict;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","259","266","","","","","","Endangered Animals: A Reference Guide to Conflicting Issues","Reading RP;Miller B;","","Westport, Connecticut, London","Greenwood Press","English","","","","","","","","0-313-30816-0","","","","","","","Jackson_2000_Snow_leopard_conflict_issues.pdf","","","",""
"ABST","3001","Origin and spread of the cat, Felis catus, on mainland Australia, with a discussion of the magnitude of its early impact on native fauna","Abbott I;","2002  ","","6AU;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;natural history;non-native animals;origin;","IN FILE","51","74","Wildlife Research","","","","29","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A comprehensive search of historical sources found no evidence that the cat, Felis catus, was present on mainland Australia prior to settlement by Europeans. Nor were records of cats found in journals of expeditions of exploration beyond settled areas, undertaken in the period 1788-1883. Cats did not occupy Australia from the earliest point of entry (Sydney, 1788), but instead diffused and were spread from multiple coastal introductions in the period 1824-86. By 1890 nearly all of the continent had been colonised. This new chronology for the feline colonisation of Australia necessitates a re-appraisal of the early impact of the cat on native mammal and bird species. The evidence for early impacts of cats causing major and widespread declines in native fauna is considered tenuous and unconvincing.","","","","","","","","Abbott_2002_Origin_and_spread_of_feral_cat_in_Australia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3002","Urban cat populations compared by season, subhabitat and supplemental feeding","Calhoon RE;Haspel C;","1989  ","","3US;density;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;habitat use;New York;population structure;supplemental feeding;urban ecology;","IN FILE","321","328","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","58","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Population densities of free-ranging cats were compared in two contiguous urban subhabitats, in three seasons, and in response to supplemental feeding. One subhabitat, characterized by voluminous, poorly contained refuse, and many abandoned buildings, supported 4.88 ± 0.82 cats ha-1 (mean ± S.D.), which differed significantly from the 2.03 ± 0.2 cats ha-1 supported by the other subhabitat (partial refuse containment, few abandoned buildings). Neither season nor supplemental feeding had a significant effect on population density. The distribution of individuals within the study area varied with the availability of shelter and was not dependent upon food.","","","","","","","","Calhoon_&_Haspel_1989_Urban_cat_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3003","The domestic cat as a factor in urban ecology","Matheson C;","1944  ","","3US;density;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;urban ecology;","IN FILE","130","133","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","13","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Matheson_1944_Domestic_cat_as_a_factor_in_urban_ecology.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3004","Linking education and research for the conservation of the Andean mountain cat - First progress report, April 2002","Lucherini M;Birochio D;Vidal EL;Merino MJ;Soler L;","2002  ","","2SAm;Andes;conservation;Oreailurus jacobitus;public education;report;research;","IN FILE","1","16","","","","","","","","","Argentina","GECM Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Framacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lucherini_et_al_2002_Education_and_research_for_Andean_mountain_cat.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3005","Reducing livestock depredation losses in the Nepalese Himalaya","Jackson RM;Ahlborn GG;Gurung M;Ale S;","1996  ","","4NP;Himalaya;human-carnivore conflict;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;snow leopard;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","241","247","","","","","","Proc.17th Vertebr.Pest Conf.","Timm RM;Crabb AC;","","Davis","University of California","English","","","","","","","In the Nepalese Himalaya, conflict with rural communities due to livestock predation to large carnivores like snow leopard, common leopard, wolf and wild dog has risen sharply in recent years. This increase is attributed to a number of factors, including implementation and enforcement of wildlife protection laws (which have permitted a recovery in carnivore numbers), the creation of protected areas (which serve as refuges from which predators can populate the surrounding area), the depletion of natural prey due to poaching and loss of habitat, and lax livestock herding practices. However, little information is presently available upon which to design remedial programs. U.S. AID provided research funding for an in-depth assessment of snow leopard predation in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), an new innovative approach to nature conservation. Baseline information on livestock numbers and mortality were gathered during household interviews, followed by field surveys to assess animal husbandry systems, map pastures, establish periods of use and estimate stocking rates, and to characterize habitat using randomly located plots.    Data substantiate the existence of depredation 'hotspots', where high loss occurs, in some cases exceeding 14% to 20% of the livestock population over a short period. Losses varied seasonally, and from year to year. Small-bodied stock like goat and sheep were more vulnerable than large-bodied stock like yak, although horses were especially vulnerable. Factors most closely associated with predation included lack of guarding (or very lax supervision), especially during the daytime, and repeated use of pastures where livestock depredators were known to be actively hunting. Herders usually reacted to repeated depredation incidents by attempting to trap or shoot the suspected culprit until losses declined to an acceptable level. As large carnivore populations become increasingly fragmented and genetically isolated, new  management strategies are urgently needed, especially within the buffer zones and intervening corridors between separated parks and reserves. People reside within nearly all Himalayan protected areas, and such issues as loss of livestock and competition between wildlife and livestock cannot be avoided. A plan is offered for alleviating livestock loss in the Annapurna Conservation Area that involves local institutions in decision-making, rewards sound husbandry practices, strengthens indigenous institutions, without further eroding ACAP's unique biological diversity and diverse carnivore population. The authors believe these measures and ideas could be fruitfully extended to other parts of the Himalaya.","","","","","","","","Jackson_1996_Reducing_livestock_depredation_losses_in_the_Nepalese_Himalaya.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3006","Deriving dispersal distance from genetic data","Spong G;Creel S;","2001  ","","dispersal;dispersal distance;gene flow;genetics;method;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","2571","2574","Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B ","","","","268","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spong_&_Creel_2001_Measuring_dispersal_from_genetic_data.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3007","Prey abundance and food habit of tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India","Biswas S;Sankar K;","2002  ","","4IN;feeding behavior;line transect;Madhya Pradesh;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;prey;faecal analysis;transect;ungulate;","IN FILE","411","420","","J Zool , Lond ","","","256","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Food habits of tigers Panthera tigris and population attributes of prey species (population structure, density and biomass) were studied in the tropical dry deciduous forest of Pench National Park, Central India, from November 1998 to April 1999. Scat analysis and line transect method were used to estimate tiger food habits and density of major prey species, respectively. The 61.1km2 intensive study area was found to have very high ungulate density (90.3 animals km2) with chital Axis axis being the most common species (80.7 animals km2), followed by sambar Cervus unicolor (6.1 animals km2). Common langur Presbytis entellus was the most abundant (77.2 animals km2) primate species. When the density figures were multiplied by the average weight of each prey species, a high biomass density of 6013.25 kgkm2 was obtained for the intensive study area. Chital (47.3%) along with sambar (14.5%) and wild pig Sus scrofa (10.9%) constituted the major part of the tiger's diet. If there is food choice, tigers seem to kill medium- and large-sized species more often. Wild pig and sambar were consumed more than their availability, whereas chital were taken in proportion to their availability. Gaur Bos gaurus and nilgai Bosephalus tragocamelus were not represented in the tiger's diet. Common langur was consumed in lesser proportion by tigers than expected by estimates of its density. The average weight of animals consumed by tigers in the intensive study area was 82.1 kg. The analyses revealed that Pench harbours very high prey density and tigers are mostly dependent on the wild ungulates rather than on domestic livestock as is the case in many other areas in the Indian subcontinent. These two factors thus make Pench National Park a potential area for long-term conservation of tigers.","","","","","","","","Biswas_&_Sankar_2002_Tiger_prey_and_food_habits_in_Pench_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3008","The Mountain Lion and Ecology","Hibben FC;","1939  ","","3NAm;ecology;human-predator conflict;philosophy;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","584","586","Ecology","","","","20","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hibben_1939_Mountain_lion_and_ecology.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3009","Post-release monitoring of lynx reintroduced to Colorado - Annual progress report for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, December 2001: Interim Report - Preliminary Results","Shenk TM;","2001  ","","3US;Canada lynx;Colorado;habitat use;hunting behavior;Lynx canadensis;monitoring;mortality;reintroduction;reproduction;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","33","","","","","","","","","","Mammals Research, Colorado Division of Wildlife","English","","","","","","","In an effort to establish a viable population of lynx (Lynx canadensis) in Colorado 96 lynx were reintroduced into southwestern Colorado in 1999 and 2000. Release protocols were evaluated by monitoring released individuals through radiotelemetry. Numbers of mortalities and causes of death were documented and this information used to modify subsequent release protocols in an effort to attain the highest probability of survival for released lynx. In general, release protocols were modified by increasing length of time lynx were kept at the Colorado holding facility, delaying time of release to spring, and releasing non-pregnant females. Mortality due to starvation decreased as earlier protocols were modified. A suite of hypotheses was developed to model early survival and factors that may have influenced survival, including sex, age on capture, pregnancy, time spent in the Colorado holding facility, and release time. Models were evaluated using AICc model selection and model averaging used to estimate survival rates. There have been 39 confirmed deaths. Human-caused mortality factors such as gunshot and vehicle collision are the highest cause of death for lynx > 8 months post-release. Locations of each lynx were collected through aerial- or satellite-tracking to document movement patterns. Initial dispersal movement patterns and distances traveled by lynx released in 1999 were highly variable and more extreme than movements of lynx released in 2000. Movement patterns suggest lynx are pairing in March, but successful reproduction has not been documented to date. Snow-tracking results indicate the primary winter prey are snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), with waterfowl and other mammals and birds forming a minor part of the winter diet. Site-scale habitat data collected from snow-tracking efforts indicate Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) are the most common forest stands used by lynx in southwestern Colorado. There is a seasonal trend in use of willows (Salix spp.) with use peaking in November and being at its lowest in May and June.","","","","","","","","Shenk_2001_Post-release_monitoring_of_lynx_reintroduced_to_Colorado.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3010","Co-existence between Iberian lynx and Egyptian mongooses: Estimating interaction strength by structural equation modelling and testing by an observational study","Palomares F;Ferreras P;Travaini A;Delibes M;","1998  ","","8ES;coexistence;Herpestes ichneumon;Lynx pardinus;modelling;path analysis;spatial organization;","IN FILE","967","978","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","67","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. We used path analysis to investigate the causal relationships between Iberian lynx and Egyptian mongoose track numbers, and to estimate the direct effect of the former on the latter in the Doñana area, south-western Spain. Relative abundance of rabbits, shrub cover and protection level were also considered in the path analysis. 2. An observational study consisting of a repeated track survey with a split-plot design was also carried out between 1990 and 1996 to independently test the results obtained by path analysis. 3. Maximum likelihood ratio tests of the goodness-of-fit of the model to the data and other indices used all indicated that the proposed theoretical model depicting the relationships among variables was adequate. Egyptian mongooses suffered a significant direct negative effect from lynx, and rabbits and protection level positively, and significantly affected lynx track abundance; rabbits were also significantly affected by shrub cover (all these standardized partial correlation coefficients ranged from 0.34 to 0.41). Shrub cover did not directly affect either lynx or mongoose tracks. 4. Relatively important indirect effects were found between shrubs and lynx (0.12), and between rabbits and mongooses (-0.14), and protection and mongooses (-0.17). The two latter non-intuitive effects were through the lynx path, as a consequence of the negative direct influence of lynx on mongooses. 5. The repeated track censuses confirmed that lynx presence significantly affects number of mongoose tracks. In areas without lynx, mean number of mongoose tracks were 3.6 times higher than in areas with lynx. 6. It remains an interesting question which of several proposed hypotheses explains co-existence of both species in south-western Spain.","","","","","","","","Palomares_et_al_1998_Lynx-mongoose_co-existence.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3011","Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer","Robinson HS;Wielgus RB;Gwilliam JC;","2002  ","","3CA;British Columbia;Odocoileus hemionus;Odocoileus viriginanus;population size;predation;predator-prey;puma;Puma concolor;survival;","IN FILE","556","568","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","80","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations throughout the west appear to be declining, whereas whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations are increasing. We compared abundance, number of fetuses per female (maternity rate), recruitment, and cause-specific adult (=/>1 year old) mortality rate for sympatric mule deer and whitetailed deer in south-central British Columbia to assess population growth for each species. White-tailed deer were three times more abundant (908 ± 152) than mule deer (336 ± 122) (mean ± 1 SE). Fetal rates of white-tailed deer (1.83) were similar to those of mule deer (1.78). There was no statistically significant difference in recruitment of white-tailed deer (56 fawns : 100 does) and mule deer (38 fawns : 100 does). The annual survival rate for adult white-tailed deer (SWT = 0.81) was significantly higher than that for mule deer (SMD = 0.72). The main cause of mortality in both populations was cougar predation. The lower mule deer survival rate could be directly linked to a higher predation rate (0.17) than for white-tailed deer (0.09). The finite growth rate was 0.88 for mule deer and 1.02 for white-tailed deer. The disparate survival and predation rates are consistent with the apparent-competition hypothesis.","","","","","","","","Robinson_et_al_2002_Cougar_and_mule_deer_and_white-tailed_deer_population_growth.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3012","Roaring and social communication in African lions: the limitations imposed by listeners","Grinnell J;McComb K;","2001  ","","1TZ;communication;Ngorongoro;Panthera leo;roaring;Serengeti;social behavior;territorial behaviour;vocalisation;","IN FILE","93","98","Animal Behaviour","","","","62","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Grinnell_&_McComb_2001_Roaring_in_African_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3013","Predator-prey relationships: The impact of lion predation on wildebeest and zebra populations","Mills MGL;Shenk TM;","1992  ","","1Afr;1ZA;Connochaetes taurinus;Equus burchelli;Kruger National Park;lion;migratory prey;model;National Park;observation;Panthera leo;population;predation;predator-prey;sedentary prey;simulation;","IN FILE","693","702","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The role of lion Panthera leo predation in the dynamics of blue wildebeest Connochaets tarunus and zebra Equus burchelli populations was investigated through simulation models. The data used in the models wre from intensive observations over 4 years in the south-east of the Kruger National Park.","","","","","","","","Mills_&_Shenk_1992_Lion_predation_on_wildebeest_and_zebra.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3014","The statistical analysis of the sunspot and lynx cycles","Moran PAP;","1949  ","","3CA;cycling population;Lynx canadensis;population dynamics;statistic;sunspot;","IN FILE","115","116","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","18","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moran_1949_Analysis_of_sunspot_and_lynx_cycles.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3015","The ten-year cycle in numbers of the lynx in Canada","Elton C;Nicholson M;","1942  ","","3CA;cycling population;fur trade;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;synchrony;","IN FILE","215","244","Journal of Animal Ecology","J Anim Ecol ","","","11","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Elton_&_Nicholson_1942_Canada_lynx_ten-year_cycle.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3016","African lion is becoming endangered species - The African Lion Working Group's report on the 2002 Lion survey","Bauer H;van der Merwe S;Naude J;","2002  ","","1Afr;endangered species;Panthera leo;protection;questionnaire;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","","","","Bloemfontein, South Africa","Africatn Lion Working Group (IUCN/SSC)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bauer_et_al_2002_African_lion_working_group_report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3017","Biodiversity, genetic diversity, and protected areas in Turkmenistan","Atamuradov HI;Fet GN;Fet V;Valdez R;Feldman WR;","1999  ","","7SU;biodiversity;desert;genetic variation;Kopetdagh;nature reserve;vegetation;ecosystem;management;","IN FILE","73","88","Journal of Sustainable Forestry","","","","9","Also published in: Contested Issues of Ecosystem Management","","1/2","","","English","","","","","","","The information is presented on the independent state of Turkmenistan as a rich depository of unique biodiversity. Biodiversity in Turkmenistan is well-studied compared to many adjacent areas due to the unique historical and political circumstances. The long and complicated geological history of Turkmenistan has provided a diverse arena for the formation of local biodiversity and endemism of fauna and flora. Diverse mountain vegetation of the Kopetdagh Range - a depository of plant genetic diversity - is characterized in detail. Endangered species of large mammals (many in the IUCN Red Data Book) are listed and their current status is outlined. Suggestions are made for conservation of biodiversity in Turkmenistan.","","","","","","","","Atamuradov_et_al_1999_Biodiversity_and_protected_areas_in_Turkmenistan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3018","Biodiversity conservation of Turkmenistan - analysis of recent situation and project portfolio","Atamuradov HI;Aranbaev AM;Percladova OB;et al.;","1997  ","","7SU;biodiversity;climate;conservation;conservation strategy;nature reserve;Turkmenistan;vegetation;","IN FILE","1","56","","","","","","","Atamuradov HI;Aranbaev AM;Percladova OB;","","Ashgabad","WWF","English","","","","","","","The report starts with a breakdown of Turkmenistan's biodiversity conservation problems: a holistic approach is applied to identify the most important components of the biodiversity associated with the arid, mountain and oasis ecosystems. It then proceeds with a review of the protected areas network and discusses its drawbacks and inadequacy of environmental legislation on the objectives of biodiversity conservation. It concludes that it is necessary to initiate concerted actions in favour of Turkmenistan's biodiversity by the government and non-governmental organizations, which will only succeed if they have the support of international conservation conventions, bilateral and multilateral donors and foundations, as well as the general public. Also included are recommendations on major conservation measures and investment policies.","","","","","","","","Atamuradov_et_al_1997_Conserving_biodiversity_in_Turkmenistan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3019","Sarcocysts in the Florida Bobcat (Felis rufus floridanus)","Anderson AJ;Greiner EC;Atkinson CT;Roelke ME;","1992  ","","3US;Florida;Lynx rufus;Lynx rufus floridanus;muscle;Sarcocystis sp.;survey;","IN FILE","116","120","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","24","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Sarcocysts were found in the tongue , diaphragm, heart, intestinal tunica muscularis, and skeletal muscle of bobcats (Felis rufus floridanus) collected in Florida (USA). The tongue was found to be the best indicator tissue for sarcocysts (P < 0.005). Thirty of 60 bobcats screened were found to contain sarcocysts in at least one of the muscle tissues examined. Of the positive bobcats, 28 of 28 tongues contained sarcocysts, while only 10 of 27 (37 %), and 8 of 26 (31 %) contained sarcocysts in the diaphragm or cardiac muscle, respectively. Although immune suppression has been suggested as a possible reason for formation of sarcocysts in some carnivores, no such correlation was evident in the bobcats. Comparisons of prey species taken by the panter and bobcat, and overlap of geographical range by the two species leave questions as to the source of infection, and the species of Sarcocystis that is infecting both felids.","","","","","","","","Anderson_et_al_1992_Sarcocysts_in_the_Florida_bobcat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3020","Feline leukemia virus infection in captive cheetah and the clinical and antibody response of six captive cheetahs to vaccination with a subunit feline leukemia virus vaccine","Briggs MB;Ott RL;","1986  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;Feline infectious peritonitis;veterinary;virus;Winston;","IN FILE","1197","1199","Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","","","","189","","","9","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Briggs_&_Ott_1986_Feline_leukemia_virus_infection_in_captive_cheetah_and_response_to_vaccination.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3021","Surveillance and control of anthrax and rabies in wild herbivores and carnivores in Namibia","Berry HH;","1993  ","","1NA;Anthrax;Antidorcas marsupialis;Canis mesomelas;Connochaetes taurinus;Equus burchelli;Etosha;herbivore;Loxodonta africana;Otocyon megalotis;Panthera leo;rabies;Tragelaphus strepsiceros;veterinary;","IN FILE","137","146","","Rev sci tech Off int Epiz ","","","12","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Anthrax has been studied intensively in Etosha National Park, Namibia since 1966; in addition, since 1975, mortality due to rabies and all other causes has been recorded, totalling 6,190 deaths. Standard diagnostic procedures demonstrated that at least 811 deaths (13 %) were due to anthrax and 115 deaths (2 %) were caused by rabies. Of the total number of deaths due to anthrax, 97 % occurred in zebra (Equus burchelli), elephant (Loxodonta africana), wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) while 96 % of rabies deaths occurred in kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), jackal (Canis mesomelas), bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) and lion (Panthera leo). Anthrax deaths were highest in the rainy season for zebra, wildebeest and springbok, while elephant mortality peaked during dry seasons. No statistical relationship existed between seasonal rainfall and overall incidence of either anthrax or rabies. Control of anthrax is limited to prophylactic inoculation when rare or endangered species are threatened. Incineration of anthrax carcasses and chemical disinfection of drinking water are not feasible at Etosha. Rabies control consists of the destruction of rabid animals and incineration of their carcasses when possible.","","","","","","","","Berry_1993_Anthrax_and_rabies_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","3022","Collecting and storaging samples for genetic studies: a field protocol","Beltran JF;","1994  ","","field method;genetics;method;sampling;storage;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Beltran_1994_Collecting_and_storaging_samples_for_genetic_studies.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3023","Viral diseases as a threat to free-living wild cats (Felis silvestris) in Continental Europe","Artois M;Remond M;","1994  ","","78Eur;disease;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;threat;veterinary;","IN FILE","651","652","Veterinary Record","","","","134","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Among other factors, diseases are considered as a potential threat for isolated populations of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris). Previous reports indicated that viral diseases, including feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) could infect free-living wildcats and have a potential demographic impact. Five wildcats were box-trapped, anaesthetised, blood sampled and then released. Three additional serum samples were obtained from dead wildcats. FeLV antigen and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were checked using an ELISA method using commercial kits in the serum of the eight cats. For the five trapped cats serum neutralising antibodies were also assessed by cell-culture for calicivirus and herpesvirus, and by haemagglutination for parvovirus. Sera from the three additional cats were examined for herpesvirus and rabies antibodies but not calicivirus or parvovirus.","","","","","","","","Artois_&_Remond_1994_Viral_diseases_as_threats_to_European_wildcats.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3024","Tuberculosis takes severe toll on lions","","1998  ","","1ZA;Panthera leo;tuberculosis;","IN FILE","14 A","","Dallas Morning News","","","","","","","Thursday, October 22, 1998","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1998_Tuberculosis_takes_severe_toll_on_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3025","High variation in multiple paternity of domestic cats (Felis catus L.) in relation to environmental conditions","Say L;Pontier D;Natoli E;","1999  ","","8FR;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;fitness;male;microsatellite;paternity;reproductive success;","IN FILE","2071","2074","Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B ","","","","266","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Paternity was analysed in two domestic cat (Felis catus) populations differing in habitat structure (rural versus urban) and density (234 cats km2 versus 2091 cats km2). A total of 312 offspring, 76 mothers and 65 putative fathers were typed at nine microsatellite loci in the two populations. Our data showed a high rate of multiple paternity in the urban population (70-83% of litters with more than one), as most males were able to monopolize the entire litter. However, males reproduced as soon as they reached sexual maturity (i.e. ten months of age) in the urban population, whereas most males delayed reproduction to age three years in the rural population.","","","","","","","","Say_et_al_1999_High_variation_in_multiple_paternity_of_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3026","Ontogeny of individuality in the domestic cat in the home environment","Lowe SE;Bradshaw JWS;","2001  ","","8GB;behavior;domestic cat;environment;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;ontogenesis;ontogeny;","IN FILE","231","237","Animal Behaviour","","","","61","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The behaviour of house cats Felis silvestris catus from nine litters was recorded at 4 months, 1 year and 2 years of age, in their home environment immediately after meals fed by their owners. We extracted by principal components analysis four elements of 'behavioural style' that were consistent from one age to another: based upon behaviour patterns that were most heavily loaded on each component, these were labelled as Staying Indoors, Rubbing, Investigative and Boldness elements. The Staying Indoors and Rubbing elements are similar to two aspects of behavioural style identified in a previous study of adult cats; the Boldness element, possibly coupled with the Investigative element, may be similar to the shy/bold continuum identified in controlled studies of cats and other species. Four-month-old male cats were the most likely to Stay Indoors; the Rubbing element increased with age in the majority of individuals, both male and female. Littermates tended to be similar to one another in Rubbing (at 4 months) and Boldness (up to 1 year). A positive effect of handling received during the first 8 weeks of life was detected for Boldness at 4 months of age.","","","","","","","","Lowe_&_Bradshaw_2001_Individuality_in_the_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3027","Molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences in the Felidae: ocelot and domestic cat lineages","Masuda R;Lopez JV;Slattery JP;Yuhki N;O'Brien SJ;","1996  ","","12S rRNA;cytochrome b;domestic cat;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;Leopardus pardalis;ocelot;phylogeny;","IN FILE","351","365","Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","","","","6","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Masuda_et_al_1996_Ocelot_and_domestic_cat_lineages.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3028","The carnivore remains from the Sima de los Huesos middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)","Garcia N;Arsuaga JL;Torres T;","1997  ","","8ES;Canis lupus;Carnivora;Felis silvestris;Lynx pardinus splaea;Lynx pardinus;Martes sp.;paleontology;Panthera cf.gombaszoegensis;Panthera leo;pleistocene;Ursus deningeri;","IN FILE","155","174","Journal of Human Evolution","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Remains of carnivores from the Sima de los Huesos site representing at least 158 adult individuals of a primitive (i.e., not very speleoid) form of Ursus deningeri Von Reichenau 1906, have been recovered through the 1995 field season. These new finds extend our knowledge of this group in the Sierra de Atapuerca Middle Pleistocene. Material previously classified as Cuoninae indet. is now assigned to Canis lupus and a third metatarsal assigned in 1987 to Panthera cf. gombaszoegensis, is in our opinion only attributable to Panthera sp. The family Mustelidae is added to the faunal list and includes Martes sp. and a smaller species. The presence of Panthera leo cf. fossilis, Lynx pardina spelaea and Felis silvestris, is confirmed. The presence of a not very speloid Ursus deningeri, together with the rest of the carnivore assemblage, points to a not very late Middle Pleistocene age, i.e., oxygen isotope stage 7 or older. Relative frequencies of skeletal elements for the bear and fox samples are without major biases. The age structure of the bear sample, based on dental wear stages, does not follow the typical hibernation mortality profile and resembles a catastrophic profile. The site was not a natal or refuge den. The hypothesis that the site was a natural trap is the most plausible. If the Sima de los Huesos functioned as a natural trap (without an egress out), the human accumulation cannot be attributed to carnivore activities and must be explained differently.","","","","","","","","Garcia_et_al_1997_Carnivores_of_the_Sima_de_los_Huesos.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3029","Middle Pleistocene (early Toringian) carnivore remains form northern Israel","Tchernov E;Tsoukala E;","1997  ","","8IL;Canis lupus;Carnivora;Crocuta crocuta;Dama sp.;paleontology;Panthera leo;pleistocene;Ursus deningeri;","IN FILE","122","136","Quaternary Research","","","","48","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tchernov_&_Tsoukala_1997_Fossil_carnivores_from_northern_Israel.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3030","Dynamics of a feline retrovirus (FeLV) in host populations with variable spatial structure","Fromont E;Pontier D;Langlais M;","1998  ","","domestic cat;epidemiology;feline leukemia virus;Felis catus;FeLV;host-parasite;model;population dynamics;retrovirus;veterinary;","IN FILE","1097","1104","Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B ","","","","265","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The predictions of epidemic models are remarkably affected by the underlying assumptions concerning host population dynamics and the relation between host density and disease transmission. Furthermore, hypotheses underlying distinct models are rarely tested. Domestic cats (Felis catus) can be used to compare models and test their predictions, because cat populations show variable spatial structure that probably results in variability in the relation between density and disease transmission. Cat populations also exhibit various dynamics. We compare four epidemiological models of Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV). We use two different incidence terms, i.e. proportionate mixing and pseudo-mass action. Population dynamics are modelled as logistic or exponential growth. Compared with proportionate mixing, mass action incidence with logistic growth results in a threshold population size under which the virus cannot persist in the population. Exponential growth of host populations results in systems where FeLV persistence at a steady prevalence and depression of host population growth are biologically unlikely to occur. Predictions of our models account for presently available data on FeLV dynamics in various populations of cats. Thus, host population dynamics and spatial structure can be determinant parameters in parasite transmission, host population depression, and disease control.","","","","","","","","Fromont_et_al_1998_Parasite_dynamics_in_variable_host_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3031","Modelling the Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in natural populations of cats (Felis catus)","Fromont E;Artois M;Langlais M;Courchamp F;Pontier D;","1997  ","","8FR;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;FeLV;model;modelling;vaccination;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","60","70","Theoretical Population Biology","","","","52","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fromont_et_al_1997_Modelling_FeLV_in_cat_populations.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3032","A note on the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","Divyabhanusinh;","1995  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","L 73","L 75","","","","","","Internationas Cheetah Studbook 1994 - 95","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Divyabhanusinh_1995_Cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3033","Seasonality and reproduction in wild-living cats in Scotland","Daniels MJ;Wright TCM;Bland KP;Kitchener AC;","2002  ","","8GB;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;reproduction;Scotland;seasonality;","IN FILE","73","84","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","47","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The definition of the wildcat Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775 in Scotland is contentious, in light of long-term interbreeding with domestic cats F. catus Linnaeus, 1758. Two morphological groupings (Group 1 and Group 2) have previously been proposed to explain the variation found in wild-living cats in Scotland, with Group 1 cats closest to wildcats and Group 2 cats to domestic cats. Data from the reproductive tracts of 185 wild-living cat carcasses and evidence of reproductive activity in 31 live cats were analysed in order to compare reproductive activity between the morphological groups, and in relation to seasonality and existing data on wildcats and domestic cats. For males, Group 2 cats had a greater mean relative testes size than Group 1 cats. Estimated from corpora lutea, there was a suggestion that Group 1 females showed more seasonality in oestrous than Group 2 cats. In all wild-living cats, the mean litter size was 4.3 and estimated birth dates were throughout the year, but least in winter. A high number of pseudopregnancies were recorded. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that Group 2 cats are closer to domestic cats. However, the variation observed in the sample of wild-living cats reported here, suggested that reproduction was neither strictly seasonal nor outside the range observed in some feral cat populations.","","","","","","","","Daniels_et_al_2002_Wildcat_reproduction_in_Scotland.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3034","Disease risk of wildife translocations","Cunningham AA;","1996  ","","disease;epidemics;translocation;veterinary;","IN FILE","349","353","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","Threats posed to conservation programs by the translocation of pathogens along with the translocation of host species are being increasingly recognized. However, publications on this subject have appeared primarily in veterinary literature which often is not read widely by those who fund, plan, or carry out the majority of wildlife translocations. The problem of wildlife disease and translocations has been written about in detail recently, but in almost all cases has been limited to exploring the immediate effects of pathogens on the target species. I discuss the possible adverse effects of wildlife translocations that result from disease transmission. In addition to examining the effects on target species, I discuss the possible direct and indirect effects of parasite translocations on sympatric species and on the evolution of ecosystems in the long-term. To reduce potential disease risks presented by wildlife translocations, I propose some guidelines for hygiene and quarantine procedures and for monitoring the parasite status of both captive and free-living animals.","","","","","","","","Cunningham_1996_Wildlife_translocation_and_disease.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3035","Defining cheetahs, a multivariante analysis of skull shape in big cats","O'Regan HJ;","2002  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;biometrics;cheetah;evolution;Felidae;morphology;multivariante;Panthera sp.;skull;","IN FILE","58","62","","Mammal Review","","","32","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","On the basis of this study, a Cheetah can be defined as a cat with narrow teeth, small canines and a wide brain case for its size. Despite being a highly specialized cat, it still follows the generalized large felid form in 21 out of 34 variables analysed. The dental differences seen are adaptations to capturing and killing prey that have occurred in the genus Acinonyx alone. In addition, the Cheetah has retained some cranial features of the smaller cats, despite increasing its overall size. In view of this, it is not so much that Cheetahs have altered that is surprising, but how apparently conservative the feline cranial shape has been over the last few million years.","","","","","","","","OReagan_2002_Defining_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3036","Predator avoidance, breeding experience and reproductive success in endangered cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus","Durant SM;","2000  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;anti-predator behavior;behavior;breeding;Crocuta crocuta;Panthera leo;predator;reproductive success;Serengeti;","IN FILE","121","130","Animal Behaviour","","","","60","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_2000_Predator_avoidance_and_reproductive_success.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3037","Trends in the prey-size based trophic niches of feral and house cats Felis catus L.","Pearre S jr.;Maass R;","1998  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;niche;prey availability;prey size;review;trophic niche;","IN FILE","125","139","","Mammal Review","","","28","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","House Cats Felis catus L., whether attached to human households or not, appear to be versatile opportunistic predators. Their principal prey in most areas are mammals (rodents and rabbits), with bird prey secondary. Trophic niche breadth, as measured by the standard deviation of the spectrum of logarithmically transformed prey sizes ('SLH'), shows a latitudinal trend, being greater in low latitudes: it is also greater in periods of high prey availability. This appears to be influenced by inclusion of very small prey, especially insects, in areas and seasons when they are available. Both the niche breadth and the mean prey size (niche position) appear to be constant as population mean cat size increases. The most common prey size for cats is about 1% of their own body weights, which is much less than most previously reported values for carnivores.","","","","","","","","Pearre_&_Maass_1998_Trophic_niches_of_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3038","Phylogeny and speciation of felids","Mattern MY;McLennan DA;","2000  ","","biogeography;evolution;Felidae;genetics;morphology;phylogeny;speciation;taxonomy;","IN FILE","232","253","Cladistics","","","","16","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The phylogeny of the Felidae is reconstructed using a evidence approach combining sequences from 12 rRNA, 16S rRNA, NADH-5, and cytochrome b genes with morphological and karyological characters. The 1504-character data set generated two equally parsimonious trees (CI50.413, 1795 steps) of which a strict consensus revealed one polytomy in the placement of the bay cat group. The tree supports several traditional groupings such as the genera Panthera and Lynx and the ocelot group of small South American felids, and it provides additional resolution of relationships within and among the major felid lineages. Combining phylogenetic, distributional, and ecological data indicates that vicariant speciation has played a relatively minor role in the diversification of the felids (approximately 26% of events), while sympatric speciation has been more important than expected on theoretical grounds (approximately 51.8% of events), although postspeciation dispersal may have blurred the boundaries between sympatric, parapatric, and peripheral isolate modes. An examination of ecological changes on the felid tree shows repeated patterns of resource partitioning in time (activity patterns), space (preferred habitat type), and food (as measured by body size) among closely related species. The rapid diversification of the cats thus appears to have been associated more with ecological than with geological separation.","","","","","","","","Mattern_&_McLennan_2000_Phylogeny_and_speciation_of_felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3039","Eradication of feral cats (Felis catus) from Gabo Island, south-east Victoria","Twyford KL;Humphrey PG;Nunn RP;Willoughby L;","2000  ","","1080 poison;6AU;Aves;domestic cat;Felis catus;Gabo island;invasive species;island ecology;non-native animals;predator control;","IN FILE","42","49","Ecological Management and Restoration","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Concerns about the effects of predation by Feral Cats (Felis catus) on native fauna, particularly breeding seabirds, precipitated a decision in 1987 to control and eventually eradicate cats from Gabo Island. The size of the population prior to control was at least 30 animals. A control programme, undertaken between 1987 and 1991, centred on shooting, trapping and an extensive 1080 poison-baiting programme. Trapping and shooting were ineffectual. Poisoning was the most successful and effective technique for the rapid and widespread reduction in the Feral Cat population on Gabo Island. The effectiveness of dead 1-day-old chickens as a poison carrier was demonstrated. Effective poison baiting was attributed to bait selection and strategic timing of baiting to periods when prey was at low levels. Outcomes from the trapping programme and post-control monitoring strongly suggested that the cat population had been reduced to only two or three animals, possibly of the same sex. Monitoring between 1992 and 1998 failed to record any evidence of cats, indicating that the cats remaining after poison baiting had been unable to sustain a viable population. On the basis of the available evidence, Feral Cats appear to have been successfully eradicated from Gabo Island.","","","","","","","","Twyford_et_al_2000_Eradication_of_feral_cats_from_Gabo_island.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3040","Spatial organization and land tenure system of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)","Ferreras P;Beltran JF;Aldama JJ;Delibes M;","1997  ","","8ES;Donana;home range;Iberian lynx;Lynx pardinus;spatial organization;telemetry;","IN FILE","163","189","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","243","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The spatial organization of the endangered Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus (Temminck, 1827), was studied in Donana National Park, south-western Spain, between 1983 and 1992. Thirty-six individuals (19 males and 17 females), including 24 adults (13 males and 11 females) were radio-tracked, providing 13,950 locations during 17,111 radio-tracking days. Iberian lynxes were essentially solitary (95.9% of simultaneous locations apart) and interactions were restricted to rearing activities by females. Adult associations were uncommon. Seasonal (four months) home ranges were larger for adult resident males (10.3 +/- 1.9 square km; n=5) than for females (8.7 +/- 2.4 square km; n=5). Lynxes used a central portion of the home range intensively ('core area', 50% Harmonic Mean) with similar size for males (3.7 +/- 0.7 square km) and females (3.2 +/- 0.8 square km), representing, on average, a 37.6 +/- 1.5% and 36.6 +/- 4.5% of male and female home ranges, respectively. Intrasexual home-range overlap was usually low between same-sex neighbours (15.1 +/- 6.6% males and 22.1 +/- 3.3% for females), but some instances of high overlap (>25%), both among males and females, were recorded, corresponding to spatial interactions between neighbours which usually ended with the displacement of one of the contenders. Core areas were mainly exclusive except during these spatial interactions. Actual fights resulting from these interactions seem more frequent than previously reported for other medium-sized solitary felids, likely promoted by high competition for optimum territories due to saturation of the population. The Iberian lynx spatial organization in Donana works as a land tenure system, as described for other solitary felids. Although the mating system tends to monogamy, with male home range overlapping mainly that of one female, individual variations to polygygy were also found.","","","","","","","","Ferreras_et_al_1997_Spatial_organization_of_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3041","Japanese cats risk AIDS from nights out","Kingman S;","1988  ","","4JP;AIDS;Felidae;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","","","New Scientist","","","","","","","7. July 1988","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kingman_1988_Japanese_cats_risk_AIDS_from_nights_out.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3042","Demography of the Serengeti cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) population: the first 25 years","Kelly MJ;Laurenson MK;FitzGibbon CD;Collins DA;Durant SM;Frame GW;Bertram BCR;Caro TM;","1998  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;population dynamics;reproductive success;Serengeti;survival;","IN FILE","473","488","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","244","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kelly_et_al_1998_Long-term_cheetah_demography.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3043","Tuberculosis in free-ranging lions in the Kruger National Park (Press release)","Keet DF;Kriek NPJ;","1998  ","","1ZA;Kruger National Park;Panthera leo;tuberculosis;veterinary;","IN FILE","1","5","Press release","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Keet_&_Kriek_1998_Press_conference_on_Tuberculosis_in_lions_in_Kruger_NP.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3044","Tuberculosis in lions","Keet DF;","","Pub year 1998?","1ZA;Kruger National Park;Panthera leo;tuberculosis;veterinary;","IN FILE","11","11","African Wildlife","","","","52","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Keet_-_Tuberculosis_in_lions.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3045","A remote method for obtaining skin biopsy samples","Karesh WB;Smith F;Taylor HF;","1991  ","","field method;method;remote;sampling;skin;","IN FILE","31","31","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","November 1991","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karesh_et_al_1991_Remote_method_for_obtaining_skin_biopsy_samples.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3046","Island biogeography of the Japanese terrestrial mammal assemblages: an example of a relict fauna","Millien-Parra V;Jaeger J;","1999  ","","4JP;biogeography;fauna;island;Mammalia;","IN FILE","959","972","Journal of Biogeography","","","","26","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the biogeography of the terrestrial mammalian fauna from the Japanese islands. The Japanese archipelago is located off the eastern coast of Asia. It extends over a distance of approximately 2000 km in length, from north to south, and comprises more than 3900 islands of widely differing areas. The list of the living and Quaternary mammalian fauna of Japan and its geographical distribution was compiled from various published works. Introduced species, marine mammals and bats were not considered in this study. Simpson and Jaccard indices were used to quantify the similarities between the fauna from twelve selected islands from the Japanese archipelago. Regression lines and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the relations between species richness and various geographical factors of the islands, such as area or descriptors of isolation. Lastly, we used the method proposed by Atmar & Patterson (1993) to measure the degree of nestedness of the Japanese terrestrial mammalian fauna. Species richness on islands is highly correlated with island size. However, this study reveals the importance of non-equilibrium effects. At a large scale, the current distribution of mammals in Japan seems to be due to selective post-glacial extinction processes. A large proportion of the Japanese mammals are endemic forms, and extinctions were not balanced by the colonization of species from the Asiatic mainland. In addition, we show the major role played by inter-island dispersal processes, in particular from larger islands towards smaller ones, that are mainly effected by the presence of deep marine channels between islands. The present distribution of the terrestrial mammalian fauna from Japan is thus mainly the result of post-glacial extinctions that were not compensated for by colonization of new species from the faunal Asiatic mainland source pool. However, this study emphasizes the importance of inter-island dispersal processes.","","","","","","","","Millien-Parra_&_Jaeger_1999_Mammalian_biogeography_in_Japan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3047","Survival rates and mortality factors of adult bobcats in north-central Minnesota","Fuller TK;Berg WE;Kuehn DW;","1985  ","","3US;Lynx rufus;management;Minnesota;mortality;telemetry;survival;survival rate;","IN FILE","292","296","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","49","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fuller_et_al_1985_Bobcat_survival_and_mortality.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3048","A new look at subspecies in the Felidae","Kitchener AC;","1986  ","","Felidae;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","Goszczynski J;","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_1986_New_look_at_subspecies_in_Felidae.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3049","Immobilisation of free-ranging tigress using HBM - for medication and treatment in Kanha National Park","Kotwal PC;","1991  ","","4IN;field method;immobilization;Kanha National Park;method;veterinary;","IN FILE","32","32","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","November 1991","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kotwal_1991_HBM_immobilisation_of_a_tigress.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3050","Lynx depredation on domestic sheep in Norway","Odden J;Linnell JDC;Moa PF;Herfindal I;Kvam T;Andersen R;","2002  ","","8NO;conflict;depredation;Eurasian lynx;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;Ovis aries;predation;predator-human conflict;problem animal;sheep;surplus killing;telemetry;","IN FILE","98","105","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","66","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","We studied depredation rates on free-ranging domestic sheep (Ovis aries) by Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in 2 areas in Norway to test whether selected individuals or a demographic group within a lynx population kill a disproportionate share of livestock. During 6 grazing seasons from 1994 to 1999, we monitored 34 radiocollared lynx during 641 tracking periods (either all night or during a full 24-hr period). Sixty-three domestic sheep and 3 domestic goats were killed by radiocollared lynx during these periods. All of the radiocollared lynx had access to free-ranging domestic sheep within their annual home ranges. Male lynx killed sheep more frequently than females and were responsible for 12 out of 13 cases of surplus killing. After adjusting for number of nights monitored, sheep-killing rates among males differed slightly, whereas the differences between individual females were correlated with the number of sheep available. There were no indications of any special 'problem individuals,' but rather a 'problem sex.' Therefore, it seems to be intrinsic in their behavior that males are likely to kill domestic animals more frequently than females. The lack of specific problem individuals in this study might depend on the livestock-herding technique used in Norway, where sheep generally are free-ranging and unattended throughout a lynx's home range. Selective removal of depredating males requires that the gap in the social mosaic either remains unfilled or is filled by an individual that causes less damage to livestock. The effects of such removal on sheep depredation are likely to be only temporary since all adult and yearling male lynx appear to kill sheep.","","","","","","","","Odden_et_al_2002_Lynx_depredation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3051","Urinary volatile constituents of the lion, Panthera leo","Andersen KF;Vulplus T;","1999  ","","behavior;communication;Panthera leo;signaling;urine marking;","IN FILE","179","189","Chicago Tribune","","","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The volatile components of urine from lions were investigated using GC-MS headspace techniques. Fifty-five compounds were found in the urine samples. Seven potential species-identifying compounds were found. Male lion scent marks overlapped significantly more in compound composition with other males than they did with female marks. A similar relationship was not found for the females. Males had a significantly higher absolute content of 2-butanone in their urine than females, and females had a significantly higher relative content of acetone than males. Samples from 13/16 individual lions overlapped more within the individual than they did with samples from the other individuals, but only seven significantly so.","","","","","","","","Andersen_&_Vulplus_1999_Urinary_volatile_constituents_of_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3052","The response of lions and spotted hyaenas to sound playbacks as a technique for estimation population size","Ogutu JO;Dublin HT;","1998  ","","1KE;behavior;Crocuta crocuta;density;field method;hyaena;lion;method;Panthera leo;playback experiments;population estimate;population size;vocalisation;","IN FILE","83","95","African Journal of Ecology","","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Overall, 217 lions (>1 year) Panthera leo (Linnaeus) and 2069 spotted hyaenas (>8 mo) Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben) responded to broadcast vocalizations, call-ins, during six surveys in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Carnivore response varied seasonally and was significantly higher and more uniform when migratory prey were absent. Variation in wildebeest abundance, by affecting food availability, was the only significant predictor of response. Variability in response with overall prey abundance was higher for lions than hyaenas. Lion response occurred within a radius of 2·5 km, was independent of age and sex but dropped virtually to zero whenever lions possessed a carcass at the time of broadcasting. An independent total census recorded 547 lions (all ages) in the Reserve, 9·96% of which were nomads. This proportion increased by 7·94% following the influx of migrants and raised lion (>1 year) density from 0·292 to 0·320 lions/km2. The call-in estimate of 0·294&0·009 (95% c.l.) lions/km2 practically equalled the total count. The high precision and low bias ('0·224%) of this estimate imply that call-in surveys are reliable and may be employed to effectively monitor carnivore populations in the long term. Under simple random sampling, covering about 20% of an area would seem adequate to produce reliable density estimates.","","","","","","","","Oguto_&_Dublin_1998_Estimating_population_size_using_sound_playback.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3053","Lion density and population structure in the Selous Game Reserve: evaluation of hunting quotas and offtake","Creel S;Creel NM;","1997  ","","1TZ;density;hunting (by human);hunting management;Panthera leo;population structure;Selous;","IN FILE","83","93","African Journal of Ecology","","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In 1992, tourist hunting in the Selous Game Reserve generated 1.28 million dollars for the Tanzanian government, of which 0.96 million dollars were returned to wildlife conservation. Lions (Panthera leo) are one of three critical species for tourist hunting, consistently generating 12 % - 13 % of hunting revenue from 1988 to 1992. Because of their ecological and economic importance (and intrinsic value), it is important that lion quotas be set so that offtake is sustainable. The population density of lions in Selous ranges from 0.08 to 0.13 adults km-2, comparable to unhunted ecosystems. The adult sex ratio (36 - 41 % male) and the ratio of cubs to adults (29 % cubs) are similar to those of unhunted populations. The ratio of lions to hyaenas is lower in heavily hunted areas (0.17 lions/hyena) than in unhunted areas (0.43 lions/hyena). Hunting levels between 1989 and 1994 took 2.7 - 4.3 % of adult males annually, which is sustainable. The current quota is 10 - 16 % of the adult male population, which exceeds natural mortality rates for male lions. To remain stable if the quota was filled, the population would have to compensate via increased fecundity, increased juvenile survival, or an altered sex-ratio. Compensation occurs in Selous by producing (or raising) more male than female cubs (66 - 81 % of juveniles are male). Only 28 % of the Selous quota was filled in 1992. The percentage of quota filled (both in Selous and nationwide) has dropped since 1988 as quotas have increased. The current intensity of lion hunting in Selous is sustainable, but the quota cannot be filled sustainably.","","","","","","","","Creel_&_Creel_1997_Lion_density_and_hunting_in_Selous.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3054","Projet Guepard Phase 1 - Evaluation du statut du guepard en Afrique australe. Rapport préliminaire","Gros PM;","1990  ","English version see ID 3179","1Afr;1BW;1MW;1NA;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;cheetah;conservation;distribution;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_1990_Evaluation_of_the_status_of_cheetah_-_French.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3055","Translocation of carnivores as a method for managing problem animals: a review","Linnell JDC;Aanes R;Swenson JE;Odden J;Smith ME;","1997  ","","Carnivora;livestock damage;management;management tool;method;problem animal;reintroduction;translocation;","IN FILE","1245","1257","Biodiversity and Conservation","","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Linnell_et_al_1997_Managing_problem_animals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3056","An observation of leopard (Panthera pardus Linnaeus) mating behaviour in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","Laman TG;Knott CD;","1997  ","","1TZ;behavior;mating;observation;Panthera pardus;Serengeti;","IN FILE","165","167","African Journal of Ecology","","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laman_&_Knott_1997_Leopard_mating_behaviour.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3057","The Cheetah question","Kumar NS;","1996  ","","45Asia;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;","IN FILE","9","9","Hornbill","","","","","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kumar_1996_Cheetah_question.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3058","Diseases of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) in Great Britain","McOrist S;","1992  ","","8GB;disease;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;genetic analysis;genetics;hybridization;leukemia;","IN FILE","1143","1149","","Rev sci tech Off int Epiz ","","","11","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","The author describes an examination conducted in collaboration with the Nature Conservancy Council of Great Britain into the status with regard to disease, conservation and genetics of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris). Feline leukaemia Virus (FeLV) infection was detected by positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood from 2 of 23 wildcats and was tested and confirmed by FeLV isolation in one of the two cats. This is the first time the Virus has been clearly demonstrated in a free-living felid, other than the domestic cat. Toxoplasmosis was detected in all cats tested, but neither feline coronavirus nor feline immunodeficiency Virus was detected in any sample.The genetic analysis indicated that only 8 of 42 wildcats tested were genetically distinct. These were mainly located in the Western highlands of Scotland where 'relict ' populations may have survived. Interbreeding with domestic cats and persecution by trapping and hunting represent major threats to the survival of the European wildcat.","","","","","","","","McOrist_1992_Diseases_of_European_wildcat_in_Great_Britain.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3059","Plague dogs","Pain S;","1997  ","","1TZ;Canis familiaris;disease;epidemics;Felidae;Panthera leo;Serengeti;veterinary;","IN FILE","32","37","","","(unknown)","","","","","19. April 1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pain_1997_The_plague_dogs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3060","Feline lentivirus and feline oncovirus status of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in Botswana: a regional perspective","Osofsky SA;Hirsch KJ;Zuckerman EE;Hardy WD jr.;","1996  ","","1BW;Acinonyx jubatus;feline immunodeficiency virus;feline leukemia virus;lentivirus;oncovirus;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;status;veterinary;free-ranging;","IN FILE","453","467","Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","","","","27","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Osofsky_et_al_1996_Botswana_lion_leopard_cheetah_FIV_-_FEL_V.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3062","The Family Line - The Human-Cat Connection","O'Brien SJ;","1997  ","","disease;Felidae;genetics;human dimension;phylogeny;veterinary;","IN FILE","77","85","National Geographic","","","","","","","June 1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1997_Human-cat_connection.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3063","Viral and mycoplamal examinations of Iriomote Cats (Prionailurus iriomotensis)","Mochizuki M;Akuzawa M;Nagatomo H;","1985  ","","4JP;Iriomote;mycoplasma;Prionailurus bengalensis;Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1003","1006","","Jpn J Vet Sci ","","","47","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mochizuki_et_al_1985_Virus_and_mycoplasma_of_Iriomote_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3064","Diseases of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) in Great Britain","McOrist S;","1992  ","","8GB;disease;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;veterinary;wildcat;","IN FILE","12","13","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","","","","6","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McOrist_1992_Diseases_of_the_European_wildcat_Felis_silvestris_in_Great_Britain.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3065","Parasites of wild felidae in Thailand: a coprological survey","Patton S;Rabinowitz AR;","1994  ","","4TH;Catopuma temmincki;endoparasite;Felidae;Neofelis nebulosa;Panthera tigris;parasite;Prionailurus bengalensis;veterinary;","IN FILE","472","475","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","30","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patton_&_Rabinowitz_1994_Parasites_of_wild_Felidae_in_Thailand.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3066","Research on wildlife diseases: is a reappraisal necessary?","Plowright W;","1988  ","","disease;epidemics;research;veterinary;wildlife;","IN FILE","783","795","","Rev sci tech Off int Epiz ","","","7","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Plowright_1988_Research_on_wildlife_diseases.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3067","Seroprevalence of infectious disease agents in free-ranging Florida panthers","Roelke ME;Forrester DJ;Jacobson ER;Kollias GV;Scott FW;Barr MC;Evermann JF;Pirtle EC;","1993  ","","3US;disease;endangered species;feline calicivirus;feline enteric coronavirus;feline immunodeficiency virus;Feline infectious peritonitis;feline panleukopenia virus;Florida;lentivirus;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;seroprevalence;Taxoplasma gondtt;veterinary;","IN FILE","36","49","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","29","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roelke_et_al_1993_Serosurvey_of_Florida_panthers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3068","Gastrointestinal parasites of cougars (Felis concolor) in Washington and the first report of Ollulanus tricuspis in a sylvatic felis from North America","Rickard LG;Foreyt WJ;","1992  ","","3US;Cylicospirura subequalis;Ollulans tricuspis;parasite;Puma concolor;veterinary;Washington;","IN FILE","130","133","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","28","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rickard_&_Foreyt_1992_Gastrointestinal_parasites_of_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3069","Isolation of feline leukemia virus from a leopard cat cell line and search for retrovirus in Felidae","Rasheed S;Gardner MB;","1981  ","","Felidae;feline leukemia virus;Prionailurus bengalensis;retrovirus;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","929","933","JNCI","","","","67","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rasheed_&_Gardner_1981_An_FeLV-Infected_Leopard_cat_cell_line.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3070","The role of administration in extermination: fresh evidence on the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in India","Rangarajan M;","1998  ","","4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;extinction;monitoring;status;","IN FILE","328","332","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","95","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rangarajan_1998_Fresh_evidence_of_cheetah_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3071","Molecular tracking of mountain lions in the Yosemite Valley region in California: genetic analysis using microsatellites and faecal DNA","Ernest HB;Pen Edo MCT;May BP;Syvanen M;Boyce WM;","2000  ","","3US;bobcat;California;DNA;DNA analysis;faecal analysis;faecal DNA;genetic analysis;Lynx rufus;microsatellite;puma;Puma concolor;tracking;","IN FILE","433","441","Molecular Ecology","","","","9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Twelve microsatellite loci were characterized in California mountain lions (Puma concolor) and sufficient polymorphism was found to uniquely genotype 62 animals sampled at necropsy. Microsatellite genotypes obtained using mountain lion faecal DNA matched those from muscle for all of 15 individuals examined. DNA from potential prey species and animals whose faeces could be misidentified as mountain lion faeces were reliably distinguished from mountain lions using this microsatellite panel. In a field application of this technique, 32 faecal samples were collected from hiking trails in the Yosemite Valley region where seven mountain lions previously had been captured, sampled, and released. Twelve samples yielded characteristic mountain lion genotypes, three displayed bobcat-type genotypes, and 17 did not amplify. The genotype of one of the 12 mountain lion faecal samples was identical to one of the mountain lions that previously had been captured. Three of the 12 faecal samples yielded identical genotypes, and eight new genotypes were detected in the remaining samples. This analysis provided a minimum estimate of 16 mountain lions (seven identified by capture and nine identified by faecal DNA) living in or travelling through Yosemite Valley from March 1997 to August 1998. Match probabilities (probabilities that identical DNA genotypes would be drawn at random a second time from the population) indicated that the samples with identical genotypes probably came from the same mountain lion. Our results demonstrate that faecal DNA analysis is an effective method for detecting and identifying individual mountain lions.","","","","","","","","Ernest_et_al_2000_Mountain_lion_microsatellite_analysis.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3072","Habitat Lost - Inbreeding depression and extinction","Pray LA;","1999  ","","extinction;habitat;inbreeding;inbreeding depression;population genetics;","IN FILE","12","14","Wild Earth","","","","","","","Summer 1999","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pray_1999_Inbreeding_depression_and_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3073","Veterinary supervision of lynx translocation within the Swiss Alps","Ryser-Degiorgis M;Lutz H;Bauer K;Sager H;Ryser A;Zimmermann F;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","2002  ","","8CH;Alps;Lynx lynx;parasite;quarantine;reintroduction;translocation;veterinary;virus;zoo;wildlife;4TH;disease;","IN FILE","147","153","","","","","","European Association of Zoo- and Wildlife Veterinarians (EAZWV) 4th scientific meeting, joint with the annual meeting of the European Wildlife Disease Association (EWDA)May 8-12, Heidelberg, Germany","","","","","English","","","","","","","In 2001, six free-ranging Eurasian lynx were caught in the north-western Swiss Alps and translocated to the north-eastern Switzerland. Veterinary supervision of lynx translocation was important not only to improve the chances of success of this reintroduction project, but also for scientific documentation of the work and for reasons of animal welfare. All lynx caught in the frame of the project were clinically healthy. To prevent problems associated with the stress of the translocation procedure, all animals were systematically treated with anti-parasitc and antibiotic drugs before and after quarantine. Quarantine did not only allow the observation of the animals, but also blood and faeces analysis, assessment of laboratory results, and the detailed organisation of the release procedure. The project has been successful so far, and translocation of more animals is planned for the winter 2002/2003.","","","","","","","","Ryser-Degiorgis_et_al_2002_Veterinary_supervision_of_lynx_translocation_within_the_Swiss_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"SER","3074","The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals","Simpson GG;","1945  ","","Carnivora;taxonomy;Felidae;Mammalia;method;phylogeny;","IN FILE","Pages 1-33 and 217-232","","Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History","","","","85","","","","New York","American Museum of Natural History","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Simpson_1945_Principles_of_classification_and_classification_of_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3075","Survey of antibodies to feline viruses in free-ranging lions","Spencer JA;","1991  ","","1Afr;1ZA;antibodies;feline calicivirus;feline enteric coronavirus;feline panleukopenia virus;herpes virus;IFA;Kruger National Park;Panthera leo;survey;veterinary;","IN FILE","59","61","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","21","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_1991_Antibodies_to_feline_viruses_in_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3076","Serological survey of sera from lions in Etosha National Park","Spencer JA;Morkel Pv;","1993  ","","1NA;antibodies;disease;Etosha;feline calicivirus;feline enteric coronavirus;feline immunodeficiency virus;feline panleukopenia virus;herpes virus;survey;toxoplasma;veterinary;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_&_Morkel_1993_Serological_survey_of_sera_from_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3077","Decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) cubs","Spencer JA;Burroughs R;","1992  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;antibodies;captive breeding;cub;maternal antibodies;vaccination;vaccine response;","IN FILE","102","104","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","28","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_&_Burroughs_1992_Decline_of_immune_response_to_vaccine_in_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3078","Antibody response to canine distemper vaccine in African wild dogs","Spencer JA;Burroughs R;","1992  ","","antibodies;canine distemper virus;Canis familiaris;Lycaon pictus;veterinary;","IN FILE","443","444","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","28","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_&_Burroughs_1992_Antibody_response_to_canine_distemper_vaccine_in_African_wild_dogs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3079","Antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine","Spencer JA;Burroughs R;","1991  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;antibodies;ELISA;feline calicivirus;feline panleukopenia virus;herpes virus;vaccination;vaccine response;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","578","583","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","27","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_&_Burroughs_1991_Antibody_response_of_captive_cheetahs_to_vaccine.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3080","Lesions associated with pulmonary parasites in bobcats (Felis rufus) from Arkansas","Snyder DE;Hamir AN;Nettles VF;Rupprecht CE;","1991  ","","3US;Arkansas;Felaroides rostratus;Lynx rufus;nematode;Paragonimus kellicotti;parasite;pulmonary pathology;trematode;veterinary;","IN FILE","170","174","Journal of Wildlife Diseases","J Wildl Dis ","","","27","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Snyder_et_al_1991_Pulmonary_parasites_in_Bobcat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3081","Lymphocyte blast transformation response and restriction fragment length analysis in the cheetah","Spencer JA;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;antibodies;genetic uniformity;genetics;immune system;Major Histocompatibility Complex;veterinary;","IN FILE","211","217","Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","","","","60","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_1993_Lymphocyte_blast_transformation_responses_and_RFLP_analysis_in_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3082","Absence of canine distemper antibodies in selected southern Africa nondomestic felids","Spencer JA;","1998  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;antibodies;canine distemper virus;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;veterinary;","IN FILE","8","9","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","28","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_1998_Absence_of_canine_distemper_antibodies_in_non-domestic_felids.pdf","","","",""
"THES","3083","A comparison of habitat use by the mountain lion (Puma concolor) and kodkod (Oncifelis guigna) in the southern Neotropics with implications for the assessment of their vulnerability status","Mazzolli M;","2000  ","","2SAm;distribution;habitat;habitat use;Neotropics;Oncifelis guigna;Puma concolor;status;","IN FILE","1","142","","","","","","","","","","Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham","English","","","","","","","","","","","Mater of Science","Thesis","","","Mazzolli_2000_Habitat_use_of_mountain_lion_and_kodkod_in_the_southern_Neotropics.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3084","The role of top carnivores in regulating terrestrial ecosystems","Terborgh J;Estes J;Paquet P;Ralls K;Boyd-Heger D;Miller B;Noss RF;","1999  ","","Carnivora;ecological impact;ecology;ecosystem;predator;","IN FILE","42","56","Wild Earth","","","","","","","Summer 1999","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Terborgh_et_al_1999_Role_of_top_carnivores.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3085","Panther, Panthera pardus (Linnaeus) with guinea worm infection","Tehsin RH;","1996  ","","4IN;Panthera pardus;parasite;veterinary;","IN FILE","79","80","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","93","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tehsin_1996_Guinea_worm_infection_in_Panthera_pardus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3086","A comparison between T-helper (CD4) and T-suppressor (CD8) cell ratios in FIV positive and negative lions Panthera leo and domestic cat Felis catus","Spencer JA;Bouic PD;Espie I;Colly L;","1995  ","","feline immunodeficiency virus;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;FIV;immune system;Panthera leo;T-helper cell;T-suppressor cell;veterinary;","IN FILE","111","112","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","25","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_et_al_1995_T-cell_ratios_in_FIV_positive_and_negative_lions_and_domestic_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3087","Incidence of feline immunodeficiency virus reactive antibodies in free-ranging lions of the Kruger National Park and the Etosha National Park in southern Africa detected by recombinant FIV p24 antigen","Spencer JA;van Dijk AA;Horzinek MC;Egberink HF;Bengis RG;Keet DF;Morikawa S;Bishop DHL;","1992  ","","1NA;1ZA;antibodies;ELISA;Etosha;FIV;Kruger National Park;Panthera leo;veterinary;virus;Western blot;","IN FILE","315","322","Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research","","","","59","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spencer_et_al_1992_Incidence_of_feline_immunodeficiency_virus_reactive_antibodies_in_free-ranging_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3088","Protocol for the collection of genetic samples (for storage at room temperature)","Wayne B;","1993  ","","genetic analysis;genetics;method;sampling;","IN FILE","2","2","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","April 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wayne_1993_Collection_of_genetic_samples.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3089","Use of quantitative analyses of pelage characteristics to reveal family resemblances in genetically monomorphic cheetahs","Caro TM;Durant SM;","1991  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;characteristic;coat pattern;electrophoresis;genetic uniformity;genetics;relatedness;","IN FILE","8","14","","","Journal of Heredity","","82","","","","","","English","","","","","","","African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) have extremely low lewels of biochemical genetic variation relative to other felids as measured by enzyme electrophoresis, suggesting that interfamilial differences in phenotypic traits may be slight. Quantitative data on the pattern on tail bands collected from both sides of the tails of 64 free-living cheetahs show, however, that individuals differ markedly from each other and that siblings resemble each other significantly more than do nonsiblings. Furthermore, offspring tail bands show significantly less similarity to tail bands of their mothers than they do to their siblings. It is argued that environmental factors in utero are responsible for differences in cheetah pelage characteristics in combination with maternal or paternal genetic influences, giving evidence for a degree of phenotypic diversity despite the genetic monomorphism of this species. The analytical techniques developed in this paper are used to show that coalitions of permanently associating male cheetahs are genetically related. These techniques could also be used productively with the many other mammals that have distinctive markings on their bodies and tails.","","","","","","","","Caro_&_Durant_1991_Family_resemblances_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3090","The reversal of essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms in the cheetah","Davidson BC;Cantrill RC;Varaday D;","1986  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;fatty acid;metabolism;veterinary;","IN FILE","161","164","","South African Journal of Zoology","","","21","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Two members of the Order Carnivora (the lion and the domestic cat) are known to be 6-desaturase deficient. Two anoestrous 8-year-old female cheetahs exhibiting symptoms consistent with essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency were treated with encapsulated natural oils as supplement to their normal meat diet. The condition of both animals improved markedly, they came into full oestrus, mated, became pregnant, and have since produced healthy litters of cubs. This may be the first indication of a possible requirement for 6-desaturase reaction products in this species.","","","","","","","","Davidson_et_al_1986_Reversal_of_essential_fatty_acid_deficiency_symptoms_in_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3091","Genomic ancestry of the American puma (Puma concolor)","Culver M;Johnson WE;Pecon-Slattery J;O'Brien SJ;","2000  ","","16S rRNA;3NAm;ATPase-8;genetics;microsatellite;NADH-5;Panthera atrox;phylogeny;puma;Puma concolor;Smilodon;","IN FILE","186","197","","","Journal of Heredity","","91","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Puma concolor, a large American cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any New World terrestrial mammal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude from the Canadian Yukon to the Straits of Magellan. Until the recent Holocene, pumas coexisted with a diverse array of carnivores including the American lion (Panthera atrox), the North American cheetah (Miracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (Smilodon fatalis). Genomic DNA specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 contemporary and 54 museum specimens) were collected for molecular genetic and phylogenetic analyses of three mitochondrial gene sequences (16S rRNA, ATPase-8, and NADH-5) plus composite microsatellite genotypes (10 feline loci). Six phylogeographic groupings or subspecies were resolved, and the entire North American population (186 individuals from 15 previously named subspecies) was genetically homogeneous in overall variation relative to central and South American populations. The marked uniformity of mtDNA and a reduction in microsatellite allele size expansion indicates that North American pumas derive from a recent (late Pleistocene circa 10,000 years ago) replacement and recolonization by a small number of founders who themselves originated from a centrum of Puma genetic diversity in eastern South America 200,000-300,000 years ago. The recolonization of North American pumas was coincident with a massive late Pleistocene extinction event that eliminated 80 % of large vertebrates in North America and may have extirpated pumas from that continent as well.","","","","","","","","Culver_et_al_2000_Ancestry_of_the_American_puma.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3092","Relationship among diet, growth and occurrence of focal palatine erosion in wild-caught captive cheetahs","Phillips JA;Worley MB;Morsbach D;Williams TM;","1991  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;captive experiments;diet;disease;focal palatine erosion;teeth analysis;veterinary;","IN FILE","79","83","Madoqua","","","","18","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Phillips_et_al_1991_Focal_palatine_erosion_in_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3093","Prevalence and implications of feline coronavirus infections of captive and free-ranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","Heeney JL;Evermann JF;McKeirnan AJ;Marker-Kraus L;Roelke ME;Bush ME;Wildt DE;Meltzer DG;Lukas CJ;Manton VJ;Caro TM;O'Brien SJ;","1990  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;feline enteric coronavirus;Feline infectious peritonitis;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1964","1972","Journal of Virology","","","","64","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Heeney_et_al_1990_Feline_coronavirus_infections_of_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3094","Taxonomic re-evaluation of the jaguar","Larson SE;","1997  ","","morphology;multivariante;Panthera onca;skull;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","107","120","Zoo Biology","","","","16","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The purpose of this report is to re-examine jaguar (Panthera onca) subspecies using morphometric skull characters and multivariate statistical methods to analyze differences. Eleven skull characters used historically to define jaguar subspecies were measured on 170 specimens in U.S. natural history museums. Relationships among the eight recognized subspecies of jaguar were examined, using Multigroup Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and univariate statistics. Discriminant analyses of these skull characteristics does not indicate distinct groups, supporting the null hypothesis. This analysis was conducted to add to systematic studies such as DNA analysis to assist the Felid Taxon Advisory Group (Felid TAG) and the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) establish valid taxonomic differences in the jaguar.","","","","","","","","Larson_1997_Jaguar_taxonomy.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3095","Habitat fragmentation and the genetic status of leopards and elephants in Sri Lanka","Miththapala S;Fernando SBU;Seidensticker J;","1993  ","","4ID;Elephas maximus;genetics;habitat;habitat fragmentation;Panthera pardus;4LK;status;","IN FILE","429","433","","","","","","Proceedings of the International and Interdisciplinary Symposium Ecology and Landscape Management in Sri Lanka","Erdelen W;Preu C;Ishwaran N;Madduma Bandara CM;","","Weikersheim Germany","Margraf Scientific Books","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miththapala_et_al_1993_Habitat_fragmentation_and_leopards_and_elephants_in_Sri_Lanka.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3096","Identification of individual leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) using spot pattern variation","Miththapala S;Seidensticker J;Phillips LG;Fernando SBU;Smallwood JA;","1989  ","","4LK;coat pattern;identification of individuals;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus kotiya;","IN FILE","527","536","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","218","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miththapala_et_al_1989_Leopard_identification.pdf","","","",""
"THES","3097","Genetic and morphological variation in the leopard (Panthera pardus): a geographically widespread species","Miththapala S;","1992  ","","genetic variation;genetics;morphology;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","204","207","","","","","","","","","","Graduate School of the University of Florieda","English","","","","","","","","","","","Doctor of Philosophy","Dissertation","","","Miththapala_1992_Genetic_and_morphological_variation_in_the_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3098","Cheetah extinction: Genetics or extrinsic factors?","Mills LS;","1996  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;extinction;genetics;","IN FILE","315","315","Conservation Biology","","","","10","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_1996_Cheetah_extinction_by_genetic_or_extrinsic_factors.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3099","Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores","Woodroffe R;","2000  ","","Carnivora;conservation;endangered species;extinction;human-predator conflict;human density;human impact;human population increase;predator;","IN FILE","165","173","Animal Conservation","","","","","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","The current extinction crisis is caused primarily by human impacts upon wild populations. Large carnivores are especially sensitive to human activity; because their requirements often conflict with those of local people, predators have been actively persecuted in most regions of the world. In this paper, the impact of people upon predators is analysed by relating local carnivore extinctions to past and projected human population densities. There are strong associations between high human density and the loss of carnivore populations from a region. Interspecific variation in ability to survive at high human densities probably reflects species' ability to adapt to human-modified habitats. However, regional and temporal variation in individual species' sensitivity to human density is more likely to reflect the activities of local people than the phenotypes of local carnivores. Local culture, government policy and international trade all influence human attitudes to predators and, therefore, the impact of people upon carnivore populations. The importance of these factors may mean that extinction risks for carnivores will continue to increase, even though human population growth is projected to decelerate during the new millennium. This points to an urgent need for techniques to resolve conflicts between people and predators at either the local or landscape level.","","","","","","","","Woodroffe_2000_Human_density_and_carnivore_declines.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3100","Claw retraction and protraction in Carnivora: the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) as an atypical felid","Russell AP;Bryant HN;","2001  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;Carnivora;claw;heterochrony;hunting behavior;morphology;","IN FILE","67","76","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","254","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Russell_&_Bryant_2001_Osteological_correlates_of_reduced_claw_retraction_in_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3101","Food habits and ranging behaviour of a group of farm cats (Felis catus) in a Swiss mountainous area","Weber J;Dailly L;","1998  ","","8CH;behavior;domestic cat;feeding behavior;Felis catus;home range;spatial use;","IN FILE","237","","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","245","","","234","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Weber_&_Dailly_1998_Food_habits_and_ranging_behaviour_of_farm_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3102","A study of carnivore competition in riparian and open habitats of modern savannas and its implications for hominid behavioral modelling","Domínguez-Rodrigo M;","2001  ","","behavior;Carnivora;carnivores;competition;ecology;ecosystem;foraging;habitat;Hominids;interspecific competition;model;modelling;riparian;","IN FILE","77","98","Journal of Human Evolution","","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Some of the models proposed to explain Plio-Pleistocene hominid behavior and the formation of early East African archaeological sites are based on the assumption that the riparian habitats in which most of them occur were places of low interspecific competition. Competition is expressed here in terms of carnivore and hominid interactions. In this paper, a study of carnivore interaction in open and closed habitats is presented. The results indicate that riparian woodland shows the lowest degree of competition in savanna ecosystems. This suggests that if Plio-Pleistocene carnivores were adapted like their modern counterparts, the paleoecological settings of early sites could have provided hominids with enough safety to process carcasses and behave as shown in ''central-place'', ''near-kill location'' and ''refuge'' foraging models.","","","","","","","","Dominguez-Rodrigo_2001_Carnivore_competition_in_modern_savannas.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3103","The role of scent marking in a free-ranging, female black-footed cat (Felis nigripes)","Molteno AJ;Sliwa A;Richardson PRK;","1998  ","","1ZA;Felis nigripes;female;home range;reproduction;scent marking;seasonality;urine marking;","IN FILE","35","41","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","245","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Molteno_et_al_1998_Scent_marking_in_Felis_nigripes.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3104","Can comparing life histories help conserve carnivores?","Ferguson SH;Lariviere S;","2002  ","","adaptations;Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;life history;method;population dynamics;","IN FILE","1","12","Animal Conservation","","","","5","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","The demographic relationship between life-history variation and environment may form a foundation for developing conservation strategy. We predicted that grouping 52 North American carnivore species based on life-history modules (reproductive output and reproductive chronology) would highlight differences in adaptations to particular environments. We tested whether differences among life histories related to particular environments classified according to primary productivity and seasonality into a 2 x 2 table. We found that bet-hedgers (e.g., bears, martens, fishers) have evolved life history adaptations to unpredictable environments, marine carnivores (e.g., seals) have evolved highly competitive abilities, and other terrestrial carnivores show adaptations to high reproduction (e.g., neotropical felids and procyonids) or survival (e.g., foxes and skunks). For example, 'reproducers' lived in environments with low seasonality and high primary productivity and were characterized by high reproductive output (long gestation, large neonates and small litters), short chronology of reproductive events (early age at maturity and short life), small home ranges and high population density. Conservation measures to promote carnivore populations should differ relative to the type of life history, emphasizing adult survival for bet-hedgers and survivors, and juvenile survival for reproducers and competitors.","","","","","","","","Ferguson_&_Lariviere_2002_Carnivore_life-history.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3105","Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores","Murray DL;Kapke CA;Evermann JF;Fuller TK;","1999  ","","canine distemper virus;Carnivora;conservation;disease;endemics;review;seroprevalence;threat;veterinary;","IN FILE","241","254","Animal Conservation","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity.","","","","","","","","Murray_et_al_1999_Large_carnivore_disease_and_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3106","Predators and people: conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favourable","Linnell JDC;Swenson JE;Andersen R;","2001  ","","Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;human density;human impact;human population increase;management;predator;","IN FILE","345","349","Animal Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","In a recent analysis Woodroffe (2000) found a positive relationship between historical patterns of large carnivore extinction probability and human population density. However, much of the data in this analysis came from a period when carnivore extermination was a management objective. In order to explore the hypothesis that large carnivores can persist at high human densities when the management regime is more favourable we have repeated the analysis using up-to-date data from North America and Europe. In North America we found that large carnivore populations have increased after favourable legislation was introduced, despite further increases in human population density. In Europe we found no clear relationship between present carnivore distribution and human population density. We therefore believe that the existence of effective wildlife management structures is more important than human density per se.","","","","","","","","Linnell_et_al_2001_Large_carnivores_human_density_and_management_policy.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3107","The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) dewclaw: specialization overlooked","Londei T;","2000  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;claw;morphology;niche;speciation;","IN FILE","535","547","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","251","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Londei_2000_Cheetah_dewclaw.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3108","Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico","Nunez R;Miller B;Lindzey F;","2000  ","","2MX;diet;faecal analysis;feeding behavior;habitat;Jalisco;Odocoileus virginianus;Panthera onca;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","373","379","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","252","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) are sympatric over much of their geographic range in Mexico and South and Central America. We investigated diets of these felids in and around the Chamela- Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in western Jalisco, Mexico. Diets were determined from scat analyses and documentation of prey cadavers. Relative biomass of each prey species consumed by pumas and jaguars was estimated from analysing 65 puma and 50 jaguar scats collected from 1995 to 1998. Both jaguars and pumas fed mainly on mammals, with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) dominating the biomass of the diet of each species (54% and 66% respectively). There was a high degree of overlap between jaguar and puma diets, but pumas had a broader food niche than jaguars, and their ability to exploit smaller prey may give them an advantage over jaguars when faced with human-induced habitat changes.","","","","","","","","Nunez_et_al_2000_Food_habits_of_jaguars_and_pumas_in_Jalisco.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3109","A reassessment of homozygosity and the case for inbreeding depression in the cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus: Implications for conservation","Merola M;","1994  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;genetic uniformity;history;inbreeding;inbreeding depression;population genetics;","IN FILE","961","971","Conservation Biology","","","","8","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Merola_1994_Reassessment_of_homozygosity_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3110","Captive breeding of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos (1871-1986)","Marker L;O'Brien SJ;","1989  ","","3NAm;Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;captive population;genetics;zoo;","IN FILE","3","16","Zoo Biology","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker_&_OBrien_1989_North_American_cheetah_propagation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3111","Managing disease threats to wild mammals","Woodroffe R;","1999  ","","conservation;disease;husbandry;Mammalia;management;threat;veterinary;wildlife;","IN FILE","185","193","Animal Conservation","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Infectious disease is an emerging threat that conservationists are ill-equipped to manage. The threat is greatest for small populations, which can be driven to extinction by virulent pathogens; these are usually generalist pathogens that 'spill over' from other host species, often domestic animals. Recent attempts at disease control have taken a variety of forms, some directed at threatened hosts themselves, and others involving reservoir hosts. Thus far, few such attempts have demonstrated clear benefits of intervention, often because they were 'crisis management' tactics allowing no comparison with untreated controls. Design of future strategies is hampered by a lack of basic information concerning the pathogens that represent serious threats, their epidemiology in multiple-host systems, and the vaccination or treatment protocols likely to be most effective under field conditions. In general, vaccination and treatment will be most valuable in tiny populations facing very high extinction risks. However, interventions that are poorly planned or under-funded have the potential to do more harm than good. In larger populations, or over larger areas, intensive management may be inappropriate, unsustainable, or simply impractical. In these circumstances, managing population size, structure or contact between host species could offer promising alternatives to  intervention.","","","","","","","","Woodroffe_1999_Disease_control_in_wild_mammals.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3112","Factors affecting the hunting success of male and female lions in the Kruger National Park","Funston PJ;Mills MGL;Biggs HC;","2001  ","","1TZ;female;hunting behavior;hunting success;Kruger National Park;male;Panthera leo;prey;prey selection;lion;","IN FILE","419","431","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","253","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Long-term continuous observations of hunting lions Panthera leo in the Kruger National Park were used to assess the variables affecting hunting success of male and female lions. Generalized linear models revealed that seven variables had significant independent influences on hunting success, with the most important being the prey species hunted. Three types of variables were recognized: (1) lion related, where type of hunt, wind orientation, and the number of adults hunting; (2) prey related, where prey species and herd size; (3) environment related, where moon brightness, and grass height were significant. The sex of the lions had no effect on the overall probability of hunting success. Five second-order interactions significantly influenced the probability of hunting success, with the most important being the interaction between sex and the type of prey. The only significant third-order interaction containing the variable sex, was the inter-relationship with prey species and shrub cover. After removing the over-riding bias of the prey species, greater resolution of the factors affecting success was revealed. The major difference was that group size influences hunting success and concomitantly prey selection, promoting selection for medium-sized ungulates like zebra Equus burchelli and wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus by females, and males mainly capturing buffalo Syncerus caffer. We conclude that in African ecosystems, the hunting success of male and female lions varies with a range of combinations of lion-, prey- and environment-related variables. We demonstrate the hunting ability of male lions, which has perhaps been understated in other studies.","","","","","","","","Funston_et_al_2001_Hunting_success_of_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3113","Spatial organization, ranging behaviour and habitat use of the kodkod (Oncifelis guigna) in southern Chile","Dunstone N;Durbin L;Wyllie I;Freer R;Jamett GA;Mazzolli M;Rose S;","2002  ","","1CI;guigna;habitat;habitat selection;habitat use;kodkod;Oncifelis guigna;population dynamics;spatial organization;","IN FILE","1","11","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","257","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","The kodkod Oncifelis guigna has one of the smallest distributions of wild felids, being geographically restricted to a narrow strip within Chile and Argentina. An investigation of population demography and habitat selection was carried out using trapping and radio-telemetry techniques in transitional Valdivian forest at two sites in southern Chile. The mean home-range size was estimated at 269 ha with considerable overlap of ranges and core areas giving a density of combined adults and sub-adults of 0.97/km2. Forest, thicket-forest, and scrub-thicket predominated in the ranges of most individuals and habitats at less than 50 m elevation were more frequently used than higher slopes. With the exception of paramo and thicket, all other habitat types were used more frequently than expected by at least one of the kodkods. The study confirmed the strong habitat association with Valdivian and Araucaria forests previously reported for this species, but also suggested a more flexible use of habitat within home ranges and individual preferences of habitat used as core areas. Flexibility in resource use and mutual avoidance may explain why kodkod ranges overlap and populations reach high densities locally. This high degree of adaptability may well be relevant to the long-term survival of this species in an ever increasing, anthropogenically-modified environment.","","","","","","Dunstone_et_al_2002_Spatial_ecology_of_the_kodkod.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3114","The cheetah's conservation controversy","O'Brien SJ;","1994  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;conservation strategy;genetic uniformity;genetics;population genetics;","IN FILE","1153","1155","Conservation Biology","","","","8","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1994_Cheetah_conservation_controversy.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3115","Biogeographical change in the tiger, Panthera tigris","Kitchener AC;Dugmore AJ;","2000  ","","biogeography;conservation;distribution;glacial;history;isolation;Panthera tigris;subspecies;","IN FILE","113","124","Animal Conservation","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The number of tiger subspecies is a major conservation issue that is difficult to resolve owing to small fragmented extant populations and limited historical samples in museums, which compromise the rigour of both molecular and morphological taxonomic studies. Rather than considering a static taxonomic approach to geographical variation in the tiger, we consider the changing biogeographical range of the tiger through the last glacial-interglacial cycle, based on habitat associations of modern tiger specimen records, and environmental reconstructions from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; approximately 20 000 years before present (B.P.)). We regard this cycle as representative of the numerous glacial cycles that span the evolutionary history of the tiger since its appearance in the fossil record about two million years ago, thereby giving a deep-time perspective. The key issue is to determine the extent to which ancestral populations of the tiger were geographically isolated. If no geographical isolation is likely, and gene flow between tiger populations could be maintained until modern times, then diagnosably distinct populations could not have evolved. Our reconstructions show that only two tiger populations were likely to have experienced significant geographical isolation from the main species distribution; these were to the west of Tibet (during the LGM) and on Japan (throughout the glacial cycle). In addition, the LGM is likely to have seen the partial separation of peninsular Malayan and Sunda Islands tigers from mainland populations. From a biogeographical perspective it seems probable that only three contemporary populations were sufficiently separated for the evolution of distinct populations, which can be regarded as subspecies or evolutionary significant units. Therefore, most variation in modern tiger populations is probably clinal, which has important implications for future conservation strategies both in the wild and in captivity.","","","","","","","","Kitchener_&_Dugmore_2000_Biogeography_of_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3116","Gene flow estimates in Utah's cougars imply management beyond Utah","Sinclair EA;Swenson EL;Wolfe ML;Choate DC;Bates B;Crandall KA;","2001  ","","3US;effective population size;gene flow;genetics;management;microsatellite;population genetics;puma;Puma concolor;Utah;","IN FILE","257","264","Animal Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We present results from a study of genetic variation in Utah's cougar population. Estimates were based on data for 50 animals at nine microsatellite loci with five individuals sampled for each of ten management units throughout Utah. Levels of variation were moderate (average genetic diversity across populations was estimated to be 0.4687 for all 50 individuals), and comparable with other large mammals. But this level of variation for the microsatellite loci translated into an inbreeding effective population size of only 571 animals, much lower than the current estimates of census sizes of around 2000–3000. A lack of differentiation among the sampled populations across Utah (average Nem = 6.2) indicates that gene flow occurs over a large area. Since cougars are capable of movement beyond the Utah state borders (and certainly across management units), a better understanding of migration rates and patterns of dispersal will be achieved by sampling a much larger geographic region incorporating much of the western USA. Successful management and conservation of this species will then require a far more integrated approach, involving agencies across a number of states, as opposed to current management practices involving individual units within states.","","","","","","","","Sinclair_et_al_2001_Gene_flow_in_Utahs_cougars.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3117","The effects of predators on fragmented prey populations: a case study for the conservation of endangered prey","MacDonald DW;Mace GM;Barretto GR;","1999  ","","8GB;conservation;extinction;field experiment;habitat fragmentation;Lagopus sp.;model;population structure;predator;predator-prey;prey;simulation;stochasticity;","IN FILE","487","506","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","247","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We considered the problem of conserving small populations of prey by reviewing observational and field experiments in search of general answers to the question of how predators impact upon their prey. We then explored the likely effectiveness of predator control as a conservation tool by simulating a small, fragmented population of prey. We chose red grouse in Britain as an example of this general predicament. An individual-based population simulation model was used to simulate the fate of a small red grouse population. The model was used to investigate the relative impacts of predation, habitat changes and stochastic factors associated with small population size on the viability of the population. Although most predator-prey studies have been undertaken in temperate regions and only four studies found evidence of regulation, some generalizations arose. Predation can limit populations but generally did not drive the prey population to extinction. Extinction was more likely in cases involving an introduced predator on islands or in isolated prey populations. The simulation model showed that at small population sizes the stochastic factors were always significant, whereas environmental variation and habitat change had the greatest impact on large populations over the long term; predation was only a significant threatening factor when it occurred at a high rate, was more severe over the long term when predators took a constant proportion of the prey base, and when predation was across all age classes.","","","","","","","","Macdonald_et_al_1999_Effects_of_predators_on_fragmented_prey_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3118","East African cheetahs: Evidence for two population bottlenecks?","O'Brien SJ;Wildt DE;Bush ME;Caro TM;FitzGibbon CD;Aggundey I;Leakey RE;","1987  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus raineyi;bottleneck;genetics;population genetics;population history;reproduction;","IN FILE","508","511","","Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","","","84","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1987_Population_bottlenecks_in_east_African_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3119","Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah","O'Brien SJ;Roelke ME;Marker L;Newman A;Winkler CA;Meltzer DG;Colly L;Evermann JF;Bush ME;Wildt DE;","1985  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;extinction risk;genetic uniformity;genetics;population genetics;","IN FILE","1428","1434","Science","","","","227","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1985_Genetic_basis_for_species_vulnerability_in_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3120","The cheetah is depauperate in genetic variation","O'Brien SJ;Goldman D;Merril CR;Bush ME;","1983  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;allozyme variation;genetic uniformity;genetic variation;genetics;","IN FILE","459","462","Science","","","","221","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1983_Cheetah_is_depauperate_in_genetic_variation.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3121","Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints","Riordan P;","1998  ","","field method;footprint;identification of individuals;method;Panthera tigris;track;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","253","262","Animal Conservation","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted.","","","","","","","","Riordan_1998_Footprint-based_individual_recognition.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3122","Genetic monitors of zoo populations: Morphological and electrophoretic assays","Wayne RK;Forman L;Newman AK;Simonson JM;O'Brien SJ;","1986  ","","captive population;conservation;electrophoresis;genetic variation;genetics;management;morphology;zoo;","IN FILE","215","232","Zoo Biology","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wayne_et_al_1986_Genetic_monitors.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3123","Unique semial quality in the South African cheetah and a comparative evaluation in the domestic cat","Wildt DE;Bush ME;Howard JG;O'Brien SJ;Meltzer DG;Van Dyk A;Ebedes H;Brand DJ;","1983  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;electrophoresis;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;semen analysis;","IN FILE","1019","1025","Biology of Reproduction","","","","29","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1983_Seminal_quality_in_the_cheetah_and_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3124","Morphological and pelage characteristics of wild living cats in Scotland: implications for defining the 'wildcat'","Daniels MJ;Balharry D;Hirst D;Kitchener AC;Aspinall RJ;","1998  ","","8GB;characteristic;environment;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;morphology;Scotland;taxonomy;","IN FILE","231","247","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","244","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The indigenous wildcat, Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775, and the introduced domestic cat, F. catus L., have been sympatric in Britain for more than 2000 years. As a result of interbreeding, any distinction between these two forms has become obscured, although a range of morphological criteria (pelage patterns, body measurements, gut lengths, skull morphometrics) and genetic techniques (immunological distances, electrophoresis, DNA hybridization) have been used previously to distinguish between them. A sample of 333 wild-living cats in Scotland was assessed for coloration and markings of pelage, standard body measurements and weights, and (for carcasses only) limb bone lengths, intestine lengths, and skull measurements. These cats were also classified as wildcat, hybrid, or domestic cat according to traditional pelage criteria. Multivariate analyses on these variables, for adult cats, failed to show any clearly distinct groups. When each of the variables was analysed separately, only the distribution of limb bone and intestine length measurements suggested the possibility that two groups might exist. Group 1 cats had short intestines and long limb bones. Group 2 consisted of cats with long intestines and short limb bones. Although the characteristics defining cats in Group 1 were similar to those traditionally associated with wildcats, they exhibited a much broader range of pelage and coloration than traditionally described. The groups exhibited a degree of geographical separation. The distribution of Group 1 cats was found to be related to certain environmental variables, namely mean annual temperature and land with poor potential for forestry and agriculture, suggesting that there may be a biological basis for the separation. The implications of these results on the identification and taxonomy of the wildcat are significant. The concept of the wildcat and the domestic cat as separate species can be challenged. The paper highlights the complexity and difficulties for conventional taxonomy when used as a means for distinguishing between a wild type and its domesticated form where there is interbreeding.","","","","","","","","Daniels_et_al_1998_Wildcat_morphology_and_pelage.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3125","Do patterns of helminth parasitism differ between groups of wild-living cats in Scotland?","Delahay RJ;Daniels MJ;MacDonald DW;McGuire K;Balharry D;","1998  ","","8GB;Felis silvestris;Felis silvestris silvestris;helminth;parasite;Scotland;","IN FILE","175","183","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","245","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Delahay_et_al_1998_Helminths_in_wild-living_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3126","Craniometric differentiation within wild-living cats in Scotland using 3D morphometrics","Reig S;Daniels MJ;MacDonald DW;","2001  ","","8GB;biometrics;domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris;morphology;Scotland;skull;wildcat;","IN FILE","121","132","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","253","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Due to the unknown effects of long-term sympatry and interbreeding with the domestic cat, there is an ongoing debate about the characterization and taxonomic status of the wildcat Felis silvestris in Europe. Recent results on the morphology of wild-living cats in Scotland had revealed two morphological groups, T1 and T2, defined from a discriminant function (based on intestine length and limb bone size). We compared wild-living cats of each of these types from Scotland, together with known domestic cats, using a new technique: geometric analysis of 3D landmarks, with the goal of formalizing a definition of wildcats that would assist with their conservation. Eighty-five landmarks were digitized on a set of 85 skulls and subjected to superimposition techniques and univariate and multivariate analyses. Results showed that T1 cats generally clustered together while, despite showing their own morphological characteristics, T2 cats seemed closer to domestic cats. T1 cats had the largest skulls, the lowest braincase capacity index and demonstrated the greatest sexual dimorphism. Domestic cats were more heterogeneous, exhibiting a wide overlap between males and females. Analysing individual landmarks, females showed more differences between the groups, particularly in the orbito-nasal region. Our results not only provide a completely independent verification of the T1/T2 categorization, but also show that, as a practical tool, skulls can be identified as T1 using six linear skull characters selected from the 85 landmarks. From current evidence it is not logically possible to state conclusively that T1 cats are wildcats, but our results firmly support the hypothesis that they are furthest from domestic cats. Thus, the distribution of T1 cats in Scotland provides a possible basis for wildcat conservation through protection by area.","","","","","","","","Reig_et_al_2001_Morphometrics_of_wild_and_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3127","Morphological variability and asymetry in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), a genetically uniform specis","Wayne RK;Modi WS;O'Brien SJ;","1986  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;genetic variation;morphology;skull;","IN FILE","78","85","Evolution","","","","40","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wayne_et_al_1986_Morphological_variability_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3128","Similarity in ejaculate-endocrine characteristics in captive versus free-ranging cheetahs of two subspecies","Wildt DE;O'Brien SJ;Howard JG;Caro TM;Roelke ME;Brown JL;Bush ME;","1987  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;captivity;characteristic;free-ranging;reproduction;semen analysis;subspecies;","IN FILE","351","360","Biology of Reproduction","","","","36","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_et_al_1987_Ejaculate-endocrine_traits_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3129","The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions","Jennelle CS;Runge MC;MacKenzie MC;","2002  ","","camera trap;density;field method;Mammalia;method;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","119","120","Animal Conservation","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jennelle_et_al_2002_Photographic_rates_and_mammal_densities.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3130","The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of cryptic mammals: response to Jennelle et al.","Carbone C;Christie S;Conforti K;Coulson T;Franklin N;Ginsberg JR;Griffiths M;Holden J;Kinnaird M;Laidlaw R;Lynam A;MacDonald DW;Martyr DJ;McDougal CW;Nath L;O'Brien TG;Seidensticker J;Smith JLD;Tilson RL;Wan Shahruddin WN;","2002  ","","camera trap;density;field method;Mammalia;method;population size;monitoring;management;population;population estimate;Vertebrates;habitat;camera trapping;trapping;techniques;tiger;trap;abundance;simulation;analysis;capture;photograph;statistic;population density;area;conservation;","IN FILE","121","123","Animal Conservation","","","","5","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The monitoring and management of species depends on reliable population estimates, and this can be both difficult and very costly for cryptic large vertebrates that live in forested habitats. Recently developed camera trapping techniques have already been shown to be an effective means of making mark-recapture estimates of individually identifiable animals (e.g. tigers). Camera traps also provide a new method for surveying animal abundance. Through computer simulations, and an analysis of the rates of camera trap capture from 19 studies of tigers across the species' range, we show that the number of camera days/tiger photograph correlates with independent estimates of tiger density. This statistic does not rely on individual identity and is particularly useful for estimating the population density of species that are not individually identifiable. Finally, we used the comparison between observed trapping rates and the computer simulations to estimate the minimum effort required to determine that tigers, or other species, do not exist in an area, a measure that is critical for conservation planning.","","","","","","","","Carbone_et_al_2002_Photographic_rates_and_mammal_densities.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3131","The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals","Carbone C;Christie S;Conforti K;Coulson T;Franklin N;Ginsberg JR;Griffiths M;Holden J;Kawanishi K;Kinnaird MF;Laidlaw R;Lynam A;MacDonald DW;Martyr DJ;McDougal CW;Nath L;O'Brien TG;Seidensticker J;Smith DJL;Sunquist ME;Tilson R;Wan Shahruddin WN;","2001  ","","camera trap;capture-recapture;density;Panthera tigris;population size;","IN FILE","75","79","Animal Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The monitoring and management of species depends on reliable population estimates, and this can be both difficult and very costly for cryptic large vertebrates that live in forested habitats. Recently developed camera trapping techniques have already been shown to be an effective means of making mark-recapture estimates of individually identifiable animals (e.g. tigers). Camera traps also provide a new method for surveying animal abundance. Through computer simulations, and an analysis of the rates of camera trap capture from 19 studies of tigers across the species' range, we show that the number of camera days/tiger photograph correlates with independent estimates of tiger density. This statistic does not rely on individual identity and is particularly useful for estimating the population density of species that are not individually identifiable. Finally, we used the comparison between observed trapping rates and the computer simulations to estimate the minimum effort required to determine that tigers, or other species, do not exist in an area, a measure that is critical for conservation planning.","","","","","","","","Carbone_et_al_2001_Photographic_rates_and_mammal_densities.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3132","The Cheetah: Native American","Adams DB;","1979  ","","3NAm;Acinonyx jubatus;Felidae;fossil;Miracinonyx;paleontology;phylogeny;","IN FILE","1155","1158","Science","","","","205","","","14 Sept 1979","","","English","","","","","","","Two North American fossil species of large felids, hitherto regarded as Late Cenozoic pumas (mountain lion), are in fact closely related to the living cheetah, Acinonyx, of Africa and Eurasia. E new subgenus (Miracinonyx) is proposed for the American species. Cheetahs and pumas may have had a common ancestor in the Miocene of North America.","","","","","","","","Adams_1979_Fossil_relatives_of_cheetah_in_North_America.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3133","Conservation of the cheetah: Should cheetah be moved to distant areas? A discussion held in Cambridge on 27th July 1982","Jewell PA;","1982  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;conservation strategy;reintroduction guidelines;translocation;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jewell_et_al_1982_Should_cheetah_be_moved_to_distant_areas.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3134","Cheetah dilemma","","1978  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;status;trade;cheetah;","IN FILE","22","22","African Wildlife","","","","32","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1978_Cheetah_dilemma.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3135","Guard dogs protect cheetah","","1995  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;Canis familiaris;guard dog;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","6","6","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","","","","April 1995","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Guard_dogs_protect_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3136","The re-establishment and management of a lion Panthera leo population in Zululand, South Africa","Anderson JL;","1980  ","","1ZA;conservation strategy;management;Panthera leo;status;Zululand;","IN FILE","107","117","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","19","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The re-establishment of a viable lion population in an area from which they had been eliminated is described. Subsequent growth of the population with associated dispersion and stock killing is documented. The rational behind, and results of, a management programme to maintain a viable lion population with an acceptable level of stock killing are discussed.","","","","","","","","Anderson_1980-81_Re-establishment_and_management_of_a_lion_population_in_Zululand.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3137","Close encounters of the furred kind: an obituary?","Ammann K;","1993  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;bottleneck;conservation;genetic uniformity;","IN FILE","29","30","Swara","","","","16","","","5","","East African Wildlife Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ammann_1993_Close_encounters_of_the_furred_kind_-an_obituary.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3138","Leopard - Tiger","Alui Ma;Jahangirnamah DAR;","1968  ","","Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","Jahangir - The Naturalist","","","New Dehli","National Institute of Sciences of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Alui_&_Jahangirnamah_1968_Leopard_and_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3139","Cheetahs - protected/ or fair game?","","1988  ","","","IN FILE","9","9","Conservationist - Bulletin of the Zimbabwe National Conservation Trust","","","","","","","Aug-Sept 1988","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1988_Cheetahs_-_protected_or_fair_game.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3140","Transfer of Acinonyx jubatus (populations of Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe) from Appendix I to Appendix II - Namibia and Zimbabwe","","1992  ","","1BW;1MA;1NA;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;CITES;trade;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","Doc. 8.46 No.9","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1992_Transfer_of_cheetah_from_App_I_to_App_II.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3141","Applied issues with predators and predation: editor's introduction","Ormerod SJ;","2002  ","","biological control;conservation;grazers;non-native animals;pest animal;predation;predator;predator-prey;predator control;reintroduction;review;","IN FILE","181","188","Journal of Applied Ecology","J appl Ecol ","","","39","","","","","","English","","","","","","","1. The effects of predation are among the most pervasive in ecology. As parasitoids, parasites, grazers or top carnivores, predators have large influences on the distribution, density, dynamics and evolved traits of other organisms. Effects scale-up to influence community attributes such as species coexistence and ecosystems processes such as production or trophic cascades.2. Increasingly, however, some of the largest predation issues fall clearly within the scope of applied ecology. They include instances where, due to their ecological attributes and trophic position: (i) predators are valuable to nature conservation, as biocontrol agents, as natural enemies, or as grazers used in rangeland or ecosystem management; (ii) natural or introduced predators are viewed negatively due to effects on conservation, agriculture, forestry, hunting or disease transmission; (iii) predators are affected by human activities such as resource exploitation, or from exposure to factors such as biomagnified pollutants and disturbance; (iv) predators are controversial because different groups view them as either desirable or undesirable.3. In all these cases, ecologists have a pivotal rôle in facilitating appropriate management. For valued predators, this involves developing sufficient ecological understanding to optimize habitat, increase prey abundance or to reinforce, establish or reintroduce desirable species. For predators considered undesirable, management can involve direct control. In other cases, predation and its consequences can be mitigated by deterrent, exclusion, supplementary feeding, habitat management to favour prey, predator swamping, or by compensating losses financially. These latter strategies are often used where predators are themselves considered too valuable to remove or control.4. This collection of seven papers illustrates many of these themes by examining contrasting aspects of the applied ecology of Eurasian lynx; by further probing the interaction between predatory birds and red grouse; by exploring the effects of weather on biocontrol; and by illustrating effects on plant species where grazing or seed predation play a dominant rôle.5. A key lesson from these and other recent papers in the Journal of Applied Ecology is that the successful management of predators depends invariably on understanding adequately the exact ecological context in which predator-prey interactions take place and in which problems arise. With predator-related issues growing rather than diminishing, ecologists will need sufficient resources to maintain current research if they are to provide the understanding required to offer and evaluate sound management.","","","","","","","","Ormerod_2002_Predators_and_predation.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3142","What is meant by downlisting","","1999  ","","1Afr;1NA;3US;Acinonyx jubatus;CITES;trade;","IN FILE","4","4","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","11","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_What_is_meant_by_downlisting.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3143","Feature Feline: Cheetah","","1999  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;characteristic;","IN FILE","","","Cat Times - ISEC Newsletter","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Feature_feline_-_Cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3144","Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: Finding on petition and initiation of status review for cheetah in Namibia (50 CFR Part 17)","","1996  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;status;wildlife;","IN FILE","11181","11181","Federal Register","","","","61","","","54","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Delisting_of_Namibian_cheetah_and_status_review.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3145","Visite mouvementée dans un zoo du Mississippi","","1994  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;attack on human;Mississippi;zoo;","IN FILE","","","24 Heures","","","","","","","4/94","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Cheetah_attack_on_zoo_visitor.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3146","Behavioral responses of bobcats and coyotes to habitat fragmentation and corridors in an urban environment","Tigas LA;Van Vuren DH;Sauvajot RM;","2002  ","","3US;activity;behavior;California;Canis latrans;corridor;environment;habitat;habitat fragmentation;home range;Lynx rufus;movement pattern;","IN FILE","299","306","Biological Conservation","Biol Conserv ","","","108","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We examined the behavior of bobcats and coyotes in a fragmented urban area northwest of Los Angeles, California, from July 1998 to October 1999. Activity patterns of bobcats and coyotes were crepuscular with no apparent shift to nocturnality, but activity was somewhat lower during daylight hours than in an unfragmented reference area, implying some avoidance of humans. Home ranges were not significantly larger in fragmented than in unfragmented habitat, probably because unproductive development within a home range may have been balanced by availability of human-related food, such as fruit, garbage, and pets. Female bobcat home ranges were generally within a single fragment, while male bobcats and coyotes of both sexes included more than one fragment. Both species tended to cross over roads rather than use culverts. Culverts were more likely to be used earlier in the night, during heavier traffic, and if they contained less water. Bobcats and coyotes used corridors as habitat and, less often, for travel. Both species also crossed development to move between fragments, but seemed to prefer corridors when available. Our results indicate that bobcats and coyotes persisting in an urban environment adjust behaviorally to habitat fragmentation and human activities, in part through temporal and spatial avoidance. Both species appeared willing to cross well-travelled roads despite the availability of culverts; consequently, vehicular collision is an important cause of mortality (50%) and needs attention.","","","","","","","","Tigas_et_al_2002_Bobcats_and_coyotes_responses_to_fragmentation_and_corridors.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3147","Patterns of predation by reintroduced European lynx in the Swiss Alps","Breitenmoser U;Haller H;","1993  ","","8CH;Alps;Lynx lynx;predation;reintroduction;","IN FILE","135","144","","J Wildl Manage ","Journal of Wildlife Management","","57","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","We monitored European lynx (Lynx lynx) in a reintroduced population in the Swiss Alps from 1983 to 1988. We predicted that recolonizing lynx initially would reach a higher population density (and would kill more ungulates) than they would sustain once the population was established. We compared the home ranges and distribution of kills of 8 lynx in the established center of the population with those of 6 lynx at the expanding front of the population. Home ranges overlapped between males and females and were exclusive within the sexes in both areas, but at the front, home-range sizes were 3 times smaller. The distributions of kills were more concentrated, and distances between consecutive kills were shorter at the front. Kill rates did not differ (P = 0.411), but the proportion of carcasses consumed was 10 % higher at the center than at the front (P = 0.037). We suggest that the smaller lynx home ranges at the front indicated a denser predator population and that the spatial concentration of kills there was due to a higher prey availability. Ungulates seemed to be more abundant and clustered, and lacked anti-predator behavior in areas where their natural predators had been missing for a longer period. We interpreted the decrease of the lynx population in the center of the population as n numerical response of the predator to a readaptation (numerical and behavioral response) by the prey.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_&_Haller_1993_Predation_by_reintroduced_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3148","Cheetahs - Ghosts of the Grasslands","Conniff R;","1999  ","","1Afr;1BW;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;conservation;","IN FILE","14","31","National Geographic","","","","","","","December 1999","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Conniff_1999_Cheetahs_-_Ghosts_of_the_grasslands.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3149","Quotas for trade in specimens of cheetah","","1992  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;CITES;conservation;status;trade;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","Do. 8.22 (Rev.)","Eighth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Kyoto (Japan), 2 to 13 March 1992","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","CITES_1992_Quotas_for_trade_in_specimens_of _cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3150","Fitness is no passport to survival","Cherfas J;","1989  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;fitness;status;survival;","IN FILE","38","38","New Scientist","","","","","","","8 July 1989","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cherfas_1989_Fitness_is_no_passport_to_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3151","The Brotherhood of Cheetahs","Caro TM;","1989  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;Serengeti;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","51","58","Natural History","","","","","","","6/89","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Caro_1989_Brotherhood_of_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3152","Serengeti Cheetah Project (preliminary)","Caro TM;Laurenson K;","1990  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;activity;cub;mortality;physiology;population dynamics;prey;reproduction;Serengeti;social behavior;wildlife;","IN FILE","33","39","","","","","","","Huish SA;Campbell KLI;","","Arusha, Tanzania","Serengeti Wildlife Research Center","English","","","","","Serengeti Wildlife Research Centre: Biennial Report of Scientific Results for 1988 and 1989","","","","","","","","","","Caro_&_Laurenson_1990_Serengeti_Cheetah_Project_preliminary_report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3153","Census of predators on the Serengeti plains, May 1986","Campbell KLI;Borner M;","1986  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;Carnivora;population size;predator;Serengeti;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","52","","","","Arusha, Tanzania","Serengeti Research Institute","English","","","","","Serengeti National Park Report","","","","","","","","","","Campbell_&_Borner_1986_Census_of_predators_on_the_Serengeti_plains.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3154","Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah","Menotti-Raymond M;O'Brien SJ;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;bottleneck;conservation;DNA fingerprinting;genetics;mtDNA;","IN FILE","3172","3176","","Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","","","90","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Menotti-Raymond_&_OBrien_1993_Dating_the_genetic_bottleneck_of_the_African_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3155","Wildlife Society cheetah status survey","Davidson B;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;cheetah;endangered species;genetic uniformity;genetic variation;genetics;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","To breed cheetahs in captivity has turned out to be hard. Less genetic variability might causes as well less fecundity. Another problem is the sensitivity of cheetah populations to viruses or bacteria, the low genetic variability does not allow a large enough response in a population, all individuals might be affected. Only an adequate number of individuals does not therefore not ensure the survival of a given population.","","","","","","","","Davidson_-_Wildlife_society_cheetahs_status_survey.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3156","Continuation of the cheetah project in the Serengeti National Park - Report to the Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute","Durant SM;","1994  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;canine distemper virus;population dynamics;population history;Serengeti;sex ratio;status;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","Arusha, Tanzania","Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_1994_Continuation_of_the_Cheetah_Project_in_the_Serengeti_NP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3157","Cheetahs and Tourism - The Serengeti Cheetah Project","Durant SM;","","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;ecotourism;human activity;human impact;hunting behavior;management;Serengeti;tourism;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","Arusha, Tanzania","Serengeti Cheetah Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_-_Cheetahs_and_tourism.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3158","Rare genetic uniformity found in cheetahs","Sullivan W;","1983 Jul 24 ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;genetic uniformity;genetics;","IN FILE","","","New York Times","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sullivan_1983_Rare_genetic_uniformity_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3159","Update on Namibia Carnivore Monitoring Project","Dilley B;Davies D;","1998  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;capture-recapture;Carnivora;monitoring;status;","IN FILE","4","6","AfriCat-Newsletter - Namibian Carnivore Monitoring Project","","","","6","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dilley_&_Davies_1998_Namibian_carnivore_monitoring_project.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3160","Cheetahs of the Serengeti","Durant SM;","1998  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;characteristic;conservation;Serengeti;status;","IN FILE","7","8","Lifewatch","","Life Watch","","","","","Winter 1998","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_1998_Cheetahs_of_the_Serengeti.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3161","Differentiation and levels of genetic variation in northern European lynx (Lynx lynx) populations revealed by microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA analysis","Hellborg L;Walker CW;Knispel Rueness E;Stacy JE;Kojola I;Valdmann H;Vila C;Zimmermann B;Jakobsen KS;Ellegren H;","2002  ","","bottleneck;DNA analysis;genetic drift;genetic variation;genetics;Lynx lynx;microsatellite;mitochondrial DNA;population structure;","IN FILE","97","111","Conservation Genetics","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The European lynx (Lynx lynx) has experienced significant decline in population numbers over large parts of its former distribution area in central and northern Europe. In Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), the species has been subject to intense hunting and in the early 20th century the population size may have been as low as about 100 animals. During the rest of the century there have been alternating periods of restricted hunting and total protection. Future management of the Scandinavian lynx population will require insight into what effects demographic bottlenecks may have had on genetic variability and structure. For this purpose, 276 lynxes from Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were analysed for polymorphism at 11 feline microsatellite loci and at the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Scandinavian lynxes were found to be fixed for a single mtDNA haplotype, while this and three additional haplotypes were seen in Finland and the Baltic States (Estonia and Latvia); the haplotypes were all very similar, only differing at 1-4 sites within a 700 bp region sequenced. Microsatellite variability was moderate (He = 0.51-0.62) with lower heterozygosity and fewer alleles in Scandinavia than in Finland and the Baltic States together, though significant so only for the latter. Heterozygosity data in Scandinavia were consistent with a recent population bottleneck. Various analyses (e.g. Fst, individual-based tree, assignment test) revealed distinct genetic differentiation between Scandinavian lynxes and animals from Finland and the Baltic States. Some structure was evident within Scandinavia as well, suggesting an isolation by distance. The observed partition of genetic variability between Scandinavia and the eastern countries thereof indicates that lynx populations from the two regions may need to be separately managed.We discuss what factors can have contributed to the population genetic structure seen in northern European lynx populations of today.","","","","","","","","Hellborg_et_al_2002_Genetic_variation_in_lynx_populations.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3162","21st Century Tiger: 2000 Report","","2000  ","","Panthera tigris;project;report;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","21st Century Tiger","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_21st_Century_Tiger_Report.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3163","21st Century Tiger: 2001 Report","","2001  ","","Panthera tigris;project;report;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","21st Century Tiger","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_21st_Century_Tiger_Report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3164","Resource utilization and interspecific relations of sympatric bobcats and coyotes","Neale JCC;Sacks BN;","2001  ","","3US;activity;California;Canis latrans;diet;foraging behavior;habitat;interspecific competition;Lynx rufus;telemetry;resource utilization;","IN FILE","236","249","Oikos","","","","94","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Neale_&_Sacks_2001_Sympatric_bobcats_and_coyotes.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3165","Canada lynx conservation assessment and strategy","Ruediger B;Claar J;Gniadek S;Holt B;Lewis L;Mighton S;Rinaldi T;Trick J;Vandehrey A;Wahl F;Warren N;Wenger D;Williamson A;","2000  ","","3CA;3NAm;3US;assessment;Canada lynx;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;dispersal;distribution;forest management;habitat;habitat fragmentation;home range;land use;livestock;Lynx canadensis;poaching;population dynamics;predator control;protected area;status;threat;traffic;trapping;","IN FILE","1","135","","","","","","","","","Missoula, MT.","USDA Forest Service, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, and USDI National Park Service","English","","","","","","","The Lynx Conservation Assessment and Strategy was developed to provide a consistent and effective approach to conserve Canada lynx on federal lands in the conterminous United States. The USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, and USDI Fish and Wildlife Service initiated the Lynx Conservation Strategy Action Plan in spring of 1998. The lynx has been proposed for listing as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (Federal Register, Volume 63, No. 130, July 8, 1998). In the proposed rule, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concluded that the population in the conterminous United States is threatened by human alteration of forests, low numbers as a result of past overexploitation, expansion of the range of competitors, and elevated levels of human access into lynx habitat. Federal land management agencies must confer with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on any action which is 'likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any species that is proposed to be listed... or which results in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat proposed to be designated for such species' (50 CFR 402.10). Once listed, federal agencies must consult on any action that may affect a federally listed species. The conservation measures presented in this document will be used as a tool for conferencing and consultation, as a basis for evaluating the adequacy of current programmatic plans, and for analyzing effects of planned and on-going projects on lynx and lynx habitat.","","","","","","","","Ruediger_et_al_2000_Canada_lynx_conservation_assessment_and_strategy.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3166","Family Felidae","Bothma JdP;","1997  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;activity;adaptations;distribution;ecology;environment;Felidae;habitat use;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;reproduction;social behavior;status;taxonomy;","IN FILE","43","87","","","","","1","Carnivore Ecology in Arid Lands","","3","","Springer","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bothma_1997_Family_Felidae_in_arid_environment.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3167","Carnivores and cattle-raising - a report of a survey on predation by carnivores of Waza National Park on livestock in the surroundings","Bauer H;","1995  ","","1CM;Canis aureus;Crocuta crocuta;Hyaena hyaena;livestock;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;predation;Waza National Park;","IN FILE","1","45","","","","","","","","","Leiden","IUCN Waza Logone Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bauer_1995_Carnivores_and_cattle-raising.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3168","Conserving tigers in the wild - A WWF framework and strategy for action 2002-2010","","2002  ","","anti-poaching;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;landscape conservation;monitoring;Panthera tigris;poaching;protected area;status;threat;tiger;trade;WWF;","IN FILE","1","32","","","","","","","Norbu U;","","Gland, Switzerland","Species Programme, WWF International","English","","","","","","","Drawing upon four decades of tiger conservation work with partners around the globe, WWF has developed this far-reaching strategy. It is based on a landscape-based approach to tiger conservation and the identification of focal tiger landscapes. The importance of strong international cooperation is emphasised. The document formulates a vision, a long-term goal and targets in support of the goal. An overview of tiger status, key threats and a categorization of focal tiger landscapes are presented. Actions needed to fulfill goal targets and actors responsible for programme implementation, coordination, funding and monitoring are identified.","","","","","","","","WWF_2002_Conserving_tigers_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3169","Draft: Strategic plan for the conservation of snow leopard in Pakistan","Khan AA;","2001  ","approved by stakeholders, submitted for government endorsement","5PK;action plan;capacity building;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;country;distribution;fur trade;habitat;habitat fragmentation;human-carnivore conflict;hunting;information;livestock damage;poaching;snow leopard;stakeholder;status;strategy;threats;Uncia uncia;WWF;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","","","","","WWF Pakistan, International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","This strategic document was discussed, improved, and endorsed by the meeting held in Gilgit in 2001, and has the following objectives: 1) Provide information on major conservation issues of Snow Leopard in Pakistan 2) Provide guidelines on resolving controversial issues 3) Provide a strategic framework for collection and use of information 4) Provide opportunities to range countries to undertake joint efforts for conservation. Major problems of snow leopard conservation are listed, their reasons are identified and a proposed plan to tackle each problem is proposed. An implementation mechanism involving responsible agencies is recommended and solutions to possible constraints are discussed.","","","","","","","","Khan_2001_Strategic_plan_for_the_conservation_of_snow_leopard_in_Pakistan.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3170","Biological and technical considerations of carnivore translocation: a review","Miller B;Ralls K;Reading RP;Scott JM;Estes J;","1999  ","","Carnivora;conservation;conservation strategy;genetics;population dynamics;reintroduction guidelines;translocation;","IN FILE","59","68","Animal Conservation","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miller_et_al_1999_Carnivore_reintroduction.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3171","With a roar and a whimper","Durant SM;","1998  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cub;playback experiments;predation;Serengeti;survival;","IN FILE","10","11","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_1998_With_a_roar_and_a_whimper.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3172","Migration patterns of Thomson's gazelles and cheetahs on the Serengeti Plains","Durant SM;Caro TM;Collins DA;Alawi RM;FitzGibbon CD;","1988  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;Gazella thomsoni;migration;Serengeti;","IN FILE","257","268","African Journal of Ecology","","","","26","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Durant_et_al_1988_Migration_patterns_of_Thomsons_gazelles_and_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3173","Serengeti cheetahs","Frame GW;Herbison Frame L..;","1993  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;ecology;Serengeti;","IN FILE","14","16","Swara","","","","16","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frame_&_Herbison_Frame_1993_Serengeti_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3174","Cheetahs: In a race for survival","Frame GW;Herbison Frame L..;","1980  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;endangered species;Serengeti;","IN FILE","712","728","National Geographic","","","","","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frame_&_Herbison_Frame_1980_Cheetahs_in_race_for_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3175","Serengeti Cheetah","Frame GW;Herbison Frame L..;","1977  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;Serengeti;","IN FILE","2","6","AWLF News","","","","12","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frame_&_Herbison_Frame_1977_Serengeti_Cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3176","Status of the Cheetah in eastern & southern Africa","Gros PM;","","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;","IN FILE","4","5","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_-_Status_of_cheetah_in_eastern_and_southern_Africa.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3177","Global Cheetah Conservation Action Plan - Final Report from the Workshop","","2002  ","Draft, preceeds RefID:6263","1Afr;1KE;1NA;1TZ;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;action plan;captive breeding;CCT;cct_ni;cheetah;conservation;habitat;monitoring;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","78","","","","","","Global Cheetah Conservation Action Plan - Workshop held at Shumba Valley Lodge in South Africa from the 27th to the 30th of August 2001","Bartels P;Berry HH;Cilliers D;Dickman A;Durant SM;Grisham J;Marker L;Munson L;Mulama M;Schoeman B;Tubbesing U;Venter L;Wildt DE;Ellis S;Freidmann Y;","","Apple Valley, MN","IUCN / SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","To address range-wide cheetah conservation issues, a Global Cheetah Conservation Action Plan workshop was held in South Africa in 2001. The most important issues of cheetah conservation were identified. Participants from ten range countries were present to discuss cheetah status, distribution and threats throughout its range and work out activities to address these threats. The product of the workshop is this final report, which contains the status reports from the represented range countries and the outcomes of the working group discussions on the main issues.","","","","","","","","Bartels_et_al_2002_Global_cheetah_action_ plan.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3178","How cheetah cubs lear to hunt","Frame GW;","1984  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cub;hunting behavior;learning behavior;","IN FILE","8","9","Swara","","","","","","","9/10","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frame_1984_How_cheetah_cubs_learn_to_hunt.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3179","Global cheetah project Phase 1 - Cheetah status in southern Africa. Preliminary report","Gros PM;","1990  ","French version see ID 3054","1Afr;1BW;1MW;1NA;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;cheetah;conservation;distribution;status;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_1990_Evaluation_of_the_status_of_cheetah_-_English.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3180","Status of the cheetah in Malawi","Gros PM;","1996  ","","1MW;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;","IN FILE","33","36","Nyala","","","","19","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_1996_Status_of_cheetah_in_Malawi.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3181","Worldwide survey of the status of cheetahs living in the wild","Gros PM;","1991  ","","1BW;1KE;1MW;1NA;1UG;1ZA;1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;distribution;status;threat;","IN FILE","7","7","Cheetah News","","","","3","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gros_1991_Worldwide_survey_of_the_status_of_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3182","A case of cannibalism in male cheetahs","Hunter LTB;Skinner JD;","1995  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cannibalism;male;territorial behaviour;","IN FILE","169","171","African Journal of Ecology","","","","33","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_&_Skinner_1995_Case_of_cannibalism_in_male_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3183","Has the cheetah outrun its chances for survival?","Keller B;","1993  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;endangered species;status;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","18.5.1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Keller_1993_Has_the_cheetah_outrun_its_chances_for_survival.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3184","Genetics of the cheetah: What we know and how we should use this knowledge","Kat PW;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;genetic uniformity;genetics;population genetics;threat;","IN FILE","13","13","Swara","","","","16","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kat_1993_Genetics_of_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3185","Cheetahs always win! If animals competed in the Sydney Olympics, Humans would be sad because -","Huntington S;","2000 Sep 5 ","","Acinonyx jubatus;locomotion;public attitude;speed;","IN FILE","","","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Huntington_2000_Cheetahs_always_win.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3186","Do male  cheetahs commit infanticide?","Hunter L;","1998  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cannibalism;male;social behavior;","IN FILE","4","5","Cheetah News","","","","8","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_1998_Do_male_cheetahs_commit_infanticide.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3187","Clash of the cheetahs","Hunter L;","1996  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;cannibalism;","IN FILE","","","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","March 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hunter_1996_Cannibalism_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3188","The status of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","Kraus D;Marker-Kraus L;","1991  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;status;","IN FILE","1","26","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kraus_&_Marker-Kraus_1991_Status_of_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3189","Monitoring the effects of non-trivial handling in free-living cheetahs","Laurenson MK;Caro TM;","1994  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;body mass;field method;handling;method;monitoring;radio collar;telemetry;","IN FILE","547","557","Animal Behaviour","","","","47","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_&_Caro_1994_Observers_effect_on_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3190","Female cheetah reproduction","Laurenson MK;Caro TM;Borner M;","1992  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;female;reproduction;reproductive success;Serengeti;","IN FILE","64","75","National Geographic Research & Exploration","","","","8","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_et_al_1992_Cheetah_reproduction.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3191","High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and its consequences for maternal care","Laurenson MK;","1994  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;juvenile mortality;maternal care;mortality;Ngorongoro;predation;Serengeti;","IN FILE","387","408","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","234","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_1994_Cheetah_cub_mortality_and_maternal_care.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3192","Cheetahs never win","Laurenson MK;","1991  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;Hyaena hyaena;interspecific competition;juvenile mortality;mortality;Ngorongoro;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","98","105","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_1991_Cheetahs_never_win.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3193","Extrinsic factors and juvenile mortality in cheetahs","Laurenson MK;Wielebnowski N;Caro TM;","1995  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;juvenile mortality;mortality;Serengeti;","IN FILE","1329","1331","Conservation Biology","","","","9","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Laurenson_et_al_1995_Cheetah_mortality.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3194","New method of monitoring remote wildlife via the internet","Yasuda M;Kawakami K;","2002  ","","camera trap;communication;field method;Internet;method;monitoring;remote;wildlife;","IN FILE","119","124","Ecological Research","","","","17","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A new system of monitoring remote wildlife via the Internet was developed. The system consists of a QuickTime streaming server with a digital PC camera and a recipient computer with monitoring software. Results of field experiments were fine. Wildlife (raccoon dogs and feral cats) inhabiting a forest remote from the observer were monitored and photographed automatically when detected. Data and frame rates were 35–300 kilobits per second and 3–14 frames per second, respectively, depending on the network traffic. This system is applicable wherever a broadband network is available and thus has great potential for ecological research.","","","","","","","","Yasuda_&_Kawakami_2002_Internet_observation_of_wildlife.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3195","The cheetah's time has come","Phillips H;","1997  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;hunting behavior;speed;","IN FILE","653","653","New Scientist","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Phillips_1997_Cheetahs_time_has_come.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3196","The cheetah in genetic peril","O'Brien SJ;Wildt DE;Bush ME;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;bottleneck;genetic uniformity;genetics;population genetics;","IN FILE","84","92","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_-_Cheetah_in_genetic_peril.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","3197","(Comments on delisting cheetah)","O'Brien SJ;","1992  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;CITES;legislation;protection;status;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1992_Comments_on_delisting_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3198","Aggression in lynx adult-cub relations: can it be a reason for the dissolution of litters?","Naidenko SV;","2001  ","","7RU;aggressive behavior;dispersal;Lynx lynx;ontogenesis;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","283","295","Ethology Ecology & Evolution","","","","13","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Naidenko_2001_Agression_in_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3199","An evaluation of the status of the cheetah","Myers N;","1974  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;ecology;human impact;status;","IN FILE","11","14","AWLF News","","","","9","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Myers_1974_Evaluation_of_the_status_of_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3200","Cheetah and wild dog research in the Kruger National Park in 1988 - A progress report","Mills MGL;","1989  ","","1NA;1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;feeding behavior;Kruger National Park;movement pattern;","IN FILE","5","6","Quagga","","","","27","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mills_1989_Cheetah_and_wild_dog_research_in_Kruger_NP.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3201","Changes in the social behaviour of South West African cheetah","McVittie R;","1979  ","","1Afr;1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;interspecific competition;litter size;social behavior;social system;","IN FILE","191","184","Madoqua","","","","11","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McVittie_1979_Social_behaviour_of_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3202","The history of cheetahs in Namibia","Marker-Kraus L;Kraus D;","1993  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;history;population history;","IN FILE","8","12","Swara","","","","16","","","5","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_&_Kraus_1993_History_of_cheetahs_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3203","Status of the cheetah in the wild","Marker-Kraus L;","1988  ","","1Afr;45Asia;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;captive population;population size;status;Studbook;","IN FILE","A2","A5","","","","","","International Studbook Kpt. for Cheetah","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_1988_Status_of_the_cheetah_in_the_wild.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3204","Captive breeding of cheetahs","Manton VJA;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;conservation;","IN FILE","337","344","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Manton_-_Captive_breeding_of_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3205","Fast cat in a marathon","Lipske M;","1993  ","","1TZ;Acinonyx jubatus;intraguild predation;juvenile mortality;Panthera leo;Serengeti;speed;","IN FILE","20","27","International Wildlife","","","","","","","Sept./Oct. 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lipske_1993_Fast_cat_in_a_marathon.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3206","Assessment of the people-predator conflict through thematic PRA in the surroundings of Waza National Park, Cameroon","Bauer H;Kari S;","2001  ","","1CM;capacity building;conflict;predator-human conflict;questionnaire;Waza National Park;","IN FILE","9","13","PLA Notes 41","","","","","","","August 2001","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bauer_&_Kari_2001_People-predator_conflict_in_Waza_NP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3207","Inventory Report - IUCN Red Data Book: Zimbabwe/Cheetah","Sharp GJ;","","","1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;distribution;ecology;habitat;IUCN;population history;status;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharp_-_Cheetah_Inventory_report_IUCN_red_data_book.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3208","Timed running speed of a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)","Sharp NCC;","1997  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;hunting behavior;locomotion;speed;","IN FILE","493","494","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","241","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sharp_1997_Timed_running_speed_of_a_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3209","Konstruktionsprinzipien an der Vorder- und Hinterpfote der Hauskatze (Felid catus). 1. Mitteilung: Skelett","Roos H;","2000  ","","anatomy;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;morphology;","IN FILE","111","118","","Anat Histol Embryol ","","","29","","","","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roos_2000_Konstruktionsprinzipien_an_der_Vorder-_und_Hinterpfote_der_Hauskatze.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3210","Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) in Nagarahole, India","Karanth KU;Sunquist ME;","2000  ","","4IN;Cuon alpinus;home range;interspecific competition;Nagarahole;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;predation;","IN FILE","255","265","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","250","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Karanth_&_Sunquist_2000_Predatory_behaviour_of_tiger_leopard_and_dhole_in_India.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3211","Cheetahs closer than kissing cousins","Sunquist F;","1992  ","","1Afr;4IN;Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;conservation;history;","IN FILE","38","43","Wildlife Conservation","","","","","","","May/June 1992","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sunquist_1992_Cheetahs_closer_than_kissing_cousins.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3212","Notes on foraging habits of cheetah","Stander PE;","1990  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;Carnivora;Etosha;group size;hunting behavior;scavenging;social system;","IN FILE","130","132","","S Afr J Wildl Res ","S -Afr Tydskr Naruurnav ","","20","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1990_Foraging_habits_of_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3213","Snow leopard management plan of Mongolia (Draft)","","2000  ","This document is the sequel of an earlier draft, RefID:2559","4MN;action plan;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;distribution;endangered species;legislation;local participation;protected area management;snow leopard;status;threats;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","18","","","","","","","","","","WWF Mongolia Country Office, Uvs Noor Protected Area Administration, Ministry of Nature and the Environment","English","","","","","","","This action plan contains an overview of snow leopard status, distribution and threats in Mongolia and identifies conservation goals, stakeholders and management authorities. The factors currently posing a threat to snow leopards in Mongolia are divided into the following three categories: 1) Legal issues 2) Monitoring of snow leopard abundance and distribution 3) People and snow leopards. Each category is broken down into a list of problems and actions to be taken to solve these problems. Authorities responsible for actions and organizations suggested for financial support are listed. The plan further presents an economic incentive program for local herders and a tiered management system for protected areas.","","","","","","","","WWF_2000_Snow_leopard_management_plan_of_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3214","Observations on conservation of snow leopards in Nepal","Ale SB;Karky BS;","2002  ","In: SLSS 2002 Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit.pdf","4NP;conservation;distribution;record;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","3","15","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","The wild populations of snow leopards are threatened in Nepal. For their effective conservation, this paper seeks to build a strategy based not only on protected enclaves but also on landscapes, using an integrated grass-roots approach that essentially reduces poverty and addresses the needs of human beings and that of wildlife. Also equally relevant in places with a strong hold by religious and cultural authorities in the decision-making processes is the recognition and possible integration of cultural and traditional belief systems in overall snow leopard conservation schemes.","","","","","","","","Ale_&_Karky_2002_Observation_of_snow_leopards_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3215","Snow leopard enterprises description and summarized business plan","Allen P;Macray D;","2002  ","In: SLSS 2002 Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit.pdf","4Asia;4MN;conservation;distribution;human-predator conflict;management;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","15","24","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","Snow Leopard conservation is the goal of Snow Leopard Enterprises, initiated 1998 by the international Snow Leopard Trust: this is achieved by helping herders to balance their economic needs with respect for the environment. Snow Leopard Enterprises offers herders an opportunity to increase household cash income in return for a commitment to snow leopard conservation. Such herders live in remote settings, far from markets where they might sell their livestock products. The price of raw wool, if sold to passing traders, is less than $ 0.30 per kilogram. The same quantity of wool will yield handcrafted products that sell to Snow Leopard Enterprises for nearly $ 10. This value added provides herders with a powerful incentive to comply with conservation conditions. Because the program is based on sound business principles, it is sustainable and will have a long lasting social and environmental impact.","","","","","","","","Allen_&_Macray_2002_Snow_leopard_enterprises_description_and_business_plan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3216","A regional perspective for snow leopard conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya","Bhatnagar YV;Mathur VB;McCarthy TM;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4Asia;4IN;conservation;Himalaya;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","25","47","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhatnagar_et_al_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_the_Indian_Trans-Himalaya.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3217","Some insightes into snow leopard (Unica uncia) demography by using stage-structered population models","Chapron G;Legendre S;","2002  ","","conservation;model;population dynamics;Population Viability Analysis;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","48","60","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3218","Snow leopard conservation in Kyrgyzstan: Enforcement, education and research activities by the German Society for Nature Conservation (NABU)","Dexel B;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_Survival Strategy_Summit.pdf","4KG;conservation;conservation strategy;NABU;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","61","65","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dexel_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_Kyrgystan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3219","Blue sheep and snow leopards in Bhutan and trans-himalayan Nepal: Recent status evaluations and their application to research and conservation","Fox JL;Jackson RM;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4BT;4NP;conservation;Ovis orientalis;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","66","66","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Fox_&_Jackson_2002_Status_of_blue_sheep_and_snow_leopards_in_Bhutan_and_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3220","Nature and human nature: conservation, values and snow leopard","Hussain S;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","community involvement;conservation;conservation strategy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","67","74","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hussain_2002_Nature_conservation_values_and_human.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3221","Role of women in conservation of snow leopard in Pakistan","Inayat S;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_ Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","5PK;community involvement;conservation;conservation strategy;human dimension;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","75","78","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Inayat_2002_Women_in_conservation_of_snow_leopard_in_Pakistan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3222","Snow leopard status, distribution and protected areas coverage - A report","Jackson RM;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow _Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4Asia;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;nature reserve;protected area;snow leopard;status;threats;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","79","103","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","This document reports on the status, distribution and protected areas coverage for snow leopard across its range in Central Asia. It is intended to aid in updating the existing knowledge base of snow leopard status and distribution during the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS) Workshop organized by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) in Seattle in 2002. The SLSS workshop provides an unique opportunity to:(1) Verify the accuracy of information presented in this document and to identify data gaps.(2) Aid organizations in developing tightly targeting conservation actions by identifying critical snow leopard areas, parks and reserves.(3) Serve as a catalyst for encouraging range-countries to conduct field surveys into snow leopard status and distribution.","","","","","","","","Jackson_2002_Snow_leopard_status_distribution_and_protected_areas_coverage.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3223","Grassroots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard from herder retribution: Lessons learned from predator-proofing corrals in Ladakh","Jackson RM;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow _Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4Asia;conservation;conservation strategy;Ladakh;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;surplus killing;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","104","117","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_2002_Grassroots_measures_to_protect_snow_leopard_from_herder_retribution.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3224","Preliminary observations on non-invasive techniques for identifying individual snow leopards and monitoring populations","Jackson RM;Roe J;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow _Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","camera trap;field method;hair identification;hair trap;method;monitoring;playback experiments;population size;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","118","119","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Roe_2002_Non-invasive_techniques_for_individual_identification_in_snow_leopards.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3225","Strategy of snow leopard conservation in Russia","Koshkarev EP;","2002  ","In: SLSS 2002 Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit.pdf","7RU;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;country;human;protected area;protected areas;public awareness;snow leopard;strategy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","120","124","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","This model project is part of the general project Khentei-Himalaya and developed especially for Russia and the boundary territories of neighboring states- Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan. In Russia, snow leopards inhabit marginal areas of their northern range, where the risk of extermination is very high. If a species is distributed and at risk for extermination in more than one country, it is possible to save it only by common efforts. This project envisions a network of protected areas along the common borders of the four range states and a joint conservation strategy. Human pressure along the border lane should be reduced, public awareness raised, information shared among range countries, and numbers of snow leopards and other rare species ultimately restored.","","","","","","","","Koshkarev_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3226","Strategy for snow leopard conservation in the range - Project: Khentei-Himalaya (Draft)","Koshkarev EP;","2002  ","In: SLSS 2002 Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit.pdf","45Asia;7RU;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;conservation strategy;cooperation;snow leopard;strategy;survival;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","125","130","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","This paper was presented at the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit in 2002 and emphasizes the need for international cooperation of all snow leopard range states. The Khentai-Himalaya project aims at constructing a trans-boundary high biodiversity lane, encompassing much of the leopard's range in 13 range states. Joint efforts in developping trans-boundary information systems, data bases, and education centres are envisioned.","","","","","","","","Koshkarev_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_the_range.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3227","An incentive scheme for wildlife conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya","Mishra CGH;Madhusudan MD;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4IN;conservation;conservation strategy;Uncia uncia;wildlife;","IN FILE","131","135","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Mishra_&_Madhusudan_2002_Scheme_for_wildlife_conservation_in_the_Indian_Trans-Himalaya.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3228","Snow leopard and its protection in Uzbekistan","Kreuzberg-Mukhina E;Esipov A;Aromov B;Bykova E;Vashetko E;","2002  ","SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard Survival _Strategy_Summit.pdf","4UZ;conservation;protection;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","136","137","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kreuzberg-Mukhina_et_al_2002_Snow_leopard_protection_in_Uzbekistan.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3229","Some aspects of snow leopard research methodology","Poyarkov AD;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4TH;field method;method;population size;research;track survey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","138","140","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poyarkov_2002_Snow_leopard_research_methodology.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3230","The snow leopard status in Russia","Poyarkov AD;Subbotin AE;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4TH;population size;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","141","143","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poyarkov_&_Subbotin_2002_Snow_leopard_status_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3231","Strategic priorities and the system of measures for snwo leopard conservation in Russia","Poyarkov AD;Subbotin AE;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","7RU;conservation;conservation strategy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","144","149","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poyarkov_&_Subbotin_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_strategy_in_Russia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3232","Evaluation of potential habitats of snow leopard (Uncia uncia, Schreb.) in Altay-Khangay-Sayan region and in the territory of Russian federation: GIS approach","Poyarkov AD;Samoylova GS;Subbotin AE;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","7RU;Uncia uncia;habitat;Geographic Information System;habitat analysis;","IN FILE","150","160","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Poyarkov_et_al_2002_Snow_leopard_potential_habitat_evaluation_for_snow_leopard_using_GIS.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3233","Transboundary stakeholders: developing cross-border conservation linkages for the snow leopard (Discussion paper)","Singh J;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4Asia;conservation;corridor;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","161","171","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Singh_2002_Cross-border_linkages_for_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3234","A note on the prospects for snow leopard census using photographic capture","Spearing A;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_ Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","camera trap;field method;method;population size;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","172","174","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spearing_2002_Snow_leopard_census_using_photo_traps.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3235","The snow leopard in Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, NW India","Spearing A;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow_Leopard_ Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4IN;Jammu;Kashmir;livestock damage;predator-human conflict;Uncia uncia;Zanskar;","IN FILE","175","187","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Spearing_2002_Snow_leopard_in_northwest_India.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3236","Conservation of snow leopard in the Turgen and Tsagaan Shuvuut mountains through local involvement","Sumiya G;Buyantsog B;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_ Snow_Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4MN;community involvement;conservation;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","188","203","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sumiya_&_Buyantsog_2002_Snow_leopard_conservation_in_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3237","Illegal trade of snow leopards in China: an overview","Bo W;","2002  ","In: SLSS 2002 Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit.pdf","4CN;poaching;trade;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","204","208","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","Historically people in the snow leopard's range in China were able to live with the species in harmony, though hunting for snow leopards occurred occasionally. In recent decades, climate change, habitat loss and destruction of the food chain have posed serious threats to the snow leopard's survival. A decline in snow leopard numbers is taking place due to the demand by Zoologocial Parks, and the killing by herdsmen of snow leopards. Additionally, a more direct threat comes from trapping and poaching of the animals. These trends have been exacerbated by increased activities of illegal trade of snow leopard parts.","","","","","","","","Bo_2002_Illegal_trade_of_snow_leopards_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3238","The distribution status of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in China","Jianzhang M;Hongfei Z;Kun C;","2002  ","In: SLSS_2002_Contributed_Papers_to_the_Snow _Leopard_Survival_Strategy_Summit.pdf","4CN;distribution;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","209","212","","","","","","Contributed Papers to the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit","","","","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jianzhang_et_al_2002_Distribution_and_status_of_snow_leopard_in_China.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3239","Genetic variability and geographic structure of three subspecies of tigers (Panthera tigris) based on MHC class I variation","Hendrickson SL;Mayer GC;Wallen EP;Quigley K;","2000  ","","genetic variation;genetics;Major Histocompatibility Complex;MHC;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris altaica;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Panthera tigris tigris;subspecies;tiger;","IN FILE","135","143","Animal Conservation","","","","3","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Genetic variation at the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I loci was examined in captive and wild samples of three subspecies of tiger (Bengal, Panthera tigris tigris; Siberian, P. t. altaica; Sumatran, P. t. sumatrae) by Southern blot analysis using the domestic cat probe FLA 24. All captive populations showed at least moderate variability compared to other felids. Captive tigers were, on average, significantly more variable than wild tigers, but this was not consistent among subspecies. Significant geographic genetic population structure was found at the MHC class I loci among both captive and wild tigers. Phylogenetic analysis of both captive and wild tigers placed Sumatran tigers basally. In a combined phylogenetic analysis, captive and wild tigers of the same subspecies occurred near one another, indicating that the structure of the captive populations reflects that of the wild populations.","","","","","","","","Hendrickson_et_al_2000_MHC_variation_in_tigers.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3240","Review of the mammals of the Republic of Yemen","Al-Jumaily MM;","1998  ","Missing pages: 479-487, 490-496, 498","5YE;Acinonyx jubatus;Caracal caracal;Felis margarita;Felis silvestris;Mammalia;Panthera pardus;","IN FILE","477","499","Fauna of Arabia","","","","17","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A checklist of the mammals of the Republic of Jemen, with their current status and distribution, is provided. Data were obtained from literature and supported by fieldwork carried out during the period 1994 to 1997. Seventy-one species of terrestrial mammals were found to occur in Yemen. They belong to eight orders and 24 families. They include six insectivores, 23 bats, one baboon, 16 carnivores, one hyracoid, eight artiodactyls, one hare, and 15 rodents. Marine mammals are not included in this review. Each of the 71 mammal species is assigned to one of eight categories according to its affinity with taxa of Arabia, continental Africa, Asia, and the rest of the world. Four species are human introductions. Two species are endemic to Yemen and eight are endemic to Arabia. Twenty-two species have their probable original distribution in Africa, seven species in parts of Asia. Twenty species are distributed in Africa, Arabia, and Asia. Five species have extended their distribution to Europe in addition to Africa and Asia. The remaining three species have a very wild distribution.","","","","","","","","Al-Jumaily_1998_Mammals_of_Yemen.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3241","Canine distemper epizotic in lions, tigers, and leopards in North America","Appel MJG;Yates RA;Foley GL;Bernstein JJ;Santinelli S;Spelman LH;Miller LD;Arp LH;Anderson M;Barr MC;Pearce-Kelling S;Summers BA;","1994  ","In: Cheetah SSPs workshop on FIV CIV FIP","3NAm;canine distemper virus;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;veterinary;","IN FILE","277","288","","J Vet Diagn Invest","","","6","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection occurred in captive leopards (Panthera pardus), tigers (Panthera tigris), lions (Panthera leo), and a jaguar (Panthera onca) in 1991 and 1992. An epizootic affected all 4 types of cats at the Wildlife Waystation, San Fernando, California, with 17 mortalities. CDV-infected raccoons were thought to be the source of infection in these cats. Two black leopards died at the Naibi Zoo, Coal Valley, Illinois, and 2 tigers died at the Shambala Preserve, Acton, California. Initial clinical signs were anorexia with gastrointestinal and/or respiratory disease followed by seizures. Canine distemper virus was isolated from 3 leopards, 3 tigers, and 3 lions that died or were euthanized when moribund. Monoclonal antibody testing identified the virus isolates as CDV. Gross and histopathologic findings were similar to those found in canids with distemper with a few exceptions. There were fewer lesions in the brain, and there was a pronounced type 2 cell proliferation in the lung, with inclusion bodies and CDV antigen demonstrated by immunohistology. Neutralizing antibody to CDV was found in high titers in serum from most animals but was absent or was found only in low titers in some cats that succumbed after CDV infection. There was a marked difference in neutralizing antibody titers when tests were done with different strains of CDV.","","","","","","","","Appel_et_al_1994_Canine_distemper_in_exotic_felids.pdf","","","",""
"BOOK","3243","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","2000  ","includes References 3244 to 3262","3US;conservation;ecology;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","0","480","","","","","1","","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Once found throughout the Rocky Mountains and forests of the northern states, the lynx nowhides in pockets of its former range while feeding mostly on small animals like snowshoehares. A team of government and university scientists review the newest scientific knowledgeof this unique cat's history, distribution, and ecology. The chapters on this web site provideinformation for current scientific and public debates regarding the fate of the lynx in the UnitedStates. Chapters look at the relationships among lynx, its habitat, and its prey. The attributesof northern versus southern lynx populations are compared and contrasted. The authorscaution against making decisions without enough knowledge and show where we lackinformation. While the authors present the latest preliminary research results on lynx and offersome qualified insights into lynx management, the book's intent is to assess the current stateof knowledge regarding lynx.","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3244","Preface: Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","3US;conservation;ecology;legislation;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","0","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US_Preface.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3245","Toward a defensible lynx conservation strategy: A framework for planning in the face of uncertainity","Ruggiero LF;McKelvey KS;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;ecology;legislation;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","5","20","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","1","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_&_McKelvey_2000_Toward_a_defensible_lynx_conservation_strategy.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3246","Theoretical insights into the population viability of lynx","McKelvey KS;Buskirk SW;Krebs CJ;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_ Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3US;conservation;dispersal;Lynx canadensis;model;cycling population;population dynamics;population structure;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","21","38","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","2","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","We discuss ecological theory and population models pertinent to the population biology of southern lynx. Fragmented forest cover types, high vagility of lynx, and linkages in population dynamics suggest that lynx in the contiguous United States are arranged as metapopulations. Metapopulation stability depends on not only habitat quality but also dispersal rates between habitat islands. Models indicate that dispersal rates between habitat islands should sharply decrease as the islands become smaller and more distant and the risks associated with crossing between islands increase. Southern lynx populations may fluctuate, which affects both rates of extinction and colonization of habitat islands. Synchronous population fluctuations can decrease the viability of metapopulations. Southern habitat islands probably are source-sink mosaics that shift with disturbance and succession. Models indicate that temporally transient habitat may be underutilized by organisms. Lagged synchronous patterns observed in both northern and southern populations suggest broad connectivity between subpopulations, but empirical data are lacking and some subpopulations may be isolated. Models that combine dispersal into spatial predator-prey models generate similar patterns, and dispersal can provide a synchronizing mechanism. We emphasize the dangers associated with ignoring either local habitat quality or regional connectivity.","","","","","","","","McKelvey_et_al_2000_Population_viability_of_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3247","Disturbance ecology of North American boreal Forests and associated northern mixed/subalpine Forests","Agee JK;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3NAm;3US;disturbance;ecology;fire;forest;Lynx canadensis;management;conservation;","IN FILE","39","82","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","3","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","It is clear that boreal forests, in addition to covering a wide geographic area, contain many unusual combinations of species and disturbance regimes. Few generalizations beyond broad climatic conditions apply over the large geographic range of boreal forests. Fire has been the primary natural disturbance in boreal forests, although its influence decreases in the eastern boreal region. Stand replacement disturbances are common and are often large with few islands. Across much of the boreal forest, insects and other disturbances generate small scale heterogeneity, although spruce budworm can create widespread epidemic mortality in the eastern boreal forest region. Fire disturbances tend to fit stochastic models well, although the specific parameters of the models may be difficult to fit. These models suggest that large proportions of young forest were characteristic of the boreal region but that fair amounts of quite old forest were part of the mosaic as well. These natural landscapes diverged significantly from even-aged silvicultural systems: fewer roads, more coarse woody debris, older age structures, and complex juxtaposition of different-aged stands. Post-fire successional sequences are very different in the taiga, eastern, midwest, and western forest types, particularly in the proportion of deciduous vegetation. Ecology is a science of place, and scientific recommendations for lynx will have to take the natural and cultural features and history of each boreal subregion into account.","","","","","","","","Agee_2000_Disturbance_ecology_of_North_American_forests.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3248","Habitat fragmentation and interspecific competition: implications for lynx conservation","Buskirk SW;Ruggiero LF;Krebs CJ;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3US;Canis latrans;competition;conservation;habitat fragmentation;interspecific competition;Lynx canadensis;Lynx rufus;Puma concolor;Raptors;road;","IN FILE","83","100","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","4","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Habitat fragmentation and interspecific competition are two important forces that potentially affect lynx populations. Fragmentation operates by various mechanisms, including direct habitat loss, vehicle collisions and behavioral disturbance from roads, and changes in landscape features such as edges. Competition takes two forms: Exploitation competition involves potential competitors, such as coyotes and raptors, for food with lynx. Interference competition involves aggressive acts, almost always by a larger animal, that can include attacking and killing. Habitat fragmentation tends to facilitate competition by generalist predators, of which the most likely beneficiary is the coyote. Other potential interference competitors with lynx include cougars and bobcats. Of these three carnivores, all are more widespread and more abundant within the southern distribution of the lynx than 50 years ago.","","","","","","","","Buskirk_et_al_2000_Habitat_fragmentation_and_interspecific_competition.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3249","Species conservation and natural variation among populations","Ruggiero LF;Schwartz MK;Aubry KB;Krebs CJ;Stanley A;Buskirk SW;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","3US;conservation;conservation strategy;evolutionary ecology;Lynx canadensis;phenotypic plasticity;","IN FILE","101","116","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","5","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Species_conservation_and_natural_variation_among_populations.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3250","The ecology of snowshoe hares in northern boreal forests","Hodges KE;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3NAm;3US;conservation;ecology;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;cycling population;predator-prey;","IN FILE","117","162","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","6","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Snowshoe hares exhibit eight to 11 year population fluctuations across boreal North America, typically with an amplitude of 10 to 25 fold. These fluctuations are synchronous across the continent, with the most recent peak densities occurring in 1990 and 1991. The numeric cycle is driven by changes in survival and reproduction, with annual survival of adults ranging from approximately five to 30% and annual natality ranging from approximately six to 20 leverets/female. These parameters show cyclic changes because of functional and numerical responses of predators and changes in food supply. Predator densities show approximately two to 10 fold fluctuations during the hare cycle. The cyclicity of hares may be partly explained by regular behavioral shifts, with repercussions on their physiology, availability to predators, reproduction, and survival. However, this hypothesis needs more empirical support before it can be accepted.","","","","","","","","Hodges_2000_Snowshoe_hare_ecology_in_northern_range.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3251","Ecology of snowshoe hares in southern boreal and montane forests","Hodges KE;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3NAm;3US;conservation;cycling population;ecology;forest;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;population dynamics;predator-prey;","IN FILE","163","206","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","7","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Snowshoe hares occur in many of the montane and sub-boreal forests of the continental United States, as well as throughout the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska. Population dynamics in their southern range were previously thought to be noncyclic, in contrast to the strong 10-year fluctuation that typifies boreal populations of snowshoe hares. Time series data and studies of hare demography indicate that northern and southern populations of hares may instead have similar population dynamics. Hares in southern areas appear to experience two- to 25-fold fluctuations in numbers with peaks eight to 11 years apart. Peak and low densities may be lower in southern areas than in northern ones; in the south, peak densities are commonly one to two hares/ha, whereas northern hare populations commonly have peak densities up to four to six hares/ha. Demographically, survival estimates (30-day) range from approximately 0.65-0.95 in Wisconsin, with lowest survival occurring as populations decline; these values parallel those of cyclic hares in Yukon. Annual reproductive output may vary regionally, but interpretation of this pattern is hindered by noncomparable methodologies.","","","","","","","","Hodges_2000_Snowshoe_hare_ecology_in_southern_range.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3252","History and distribution of lynx in the contiguous United States","McKelvey KS;Aubry KB;Ortega YK;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_ Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3US;conservation;distribution;Lynx canadensis;population history;","IN FILE","207","264","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","8","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Using written accounts, trapping records, and spatially referenced occurrence data, the authors reconstructed the history and distribution of lynx in the contiguous United States from the 1800s to the present. Records show lynx occurrence in 24 states. Data over broad scales of space and time show lynx distribution relative to topography and vegetation. For all three study regions (Northeastern states, Great Lakes and North-Central states, and Western Mountain states), high frequencies of occurrence were in cool, coniferous forests, with occurrences at primarily higher elevations in the West.","","","","","","","","McKelvey_et_al_2000_History_and_distribution_of_lynx_in_US.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3253","Ecology of lynx in northern Canada and Alaska","Mowat G;Poole KG;O'Donoghue M;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_ Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3CA;3US;Alaska;Canada lynx;conservation;cycling population;diet;ecology;forest;habitat;home range;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;spatial organization;","IN FILE","265","306","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","9","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","We review the ecology of lynx in the northern part of its range, drawing heavily on the results of recent research from that region. Snowshoe hares form the bulk of prey items in essentially all studies and at all periods in the cycle, but use of alternative prey, often red squirrel, increases as hares become scarce. Caching of freshly killed prey is rare, although carrion is consumed, primarily during periods of food shortage. Habitat use by lynx varies geographically, but tends to track that of snowshoe hares. Lynx prefer older (>20 years old) regenerating forest stands. Mature forest stands are often used but rarely selected. Most lynx dens found to date have been associated with blowdown or deadfall trees in regenerating stands. Lynx maintain mostly exclusive intrasexual territories, based on social intolerance and mutual avoidance. Male home ranges tend to be larger than female ranges. There appears to be no linear relationship between hare abundance and lynx home range size, although lynx do increase their home range size dramatically following the cyclic hare crash. Male and female home ranges generally overlap completely while within-sex overlap is usually modest; related females may tolerate greater overlap. Lynx numbers fluctuate in synchrony over vast areas and generally lag behind the snowshoe hare cycle by about one year. Peak densities of 30-45 lynx/100 km2 have been observed in regenerating stands, and 8-20/100 km2 in mature forest and more southern ranges. Population densities during the low are <3 lynx/100 km2. Growth in lynx populations is a result of high fecundity, high kit survival, and low adult mortality. The decline is due to increased dispersal, high natural mortality, and a collapse in recruitment. During hare abundance, adult fecundity is high, litter size averages four to five, and yearling lynx give birth. During the cyclic low, recruitment essentially fails for about two years, and is followed by several years of modest recovery. Although trapping is an important mortality source in many areas, natural causes (primarily starvation and predation) account for most detected mortality during the first two years after the hare decline. Fifteen straight-line dispersal distances of 500-1,100 km have been recorded from recent studies in the two northern territories. Dispersal of adults was highest during and following the decline in hare densities. Trapping can reduce lynx populations and can have the greatest impact during the cyclic low, but the long-term impact of trapping on subsequent cycles is unclear. Despite reduced harvests in all jurisdictions and localized overharvest in some areas, no permanent decrease in range has been detected in contiguous northern populations.","","","","","","","","Mowat_et_al_2000_Lynx_in_northern_Canada_and_Alaska.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3254","Canada lynx habitat and topographic use patterns in north central Washington: a reanalysis","McKelvey KS;Ortega YK;Koehler GM;Aubry KB;Brittell JD;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_ Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3US;conservation;ecology;habitat;habitat selection;home range;Lynx canadensis;telemetry;spatial organization;Washington;","IN FILE","307","336","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","10","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","We examined habitat selection by 22 lynx on the Okanogan National Forest in Washington, analyzing radiotelemetry data collected during two previous studies, 1981 through 1988. At a coarse scale, lynx showed little use of areas below 1,400 m or above 2,150 m. Within the zone between 1,400 and 2,150 m, lynx used areas with slopes <10% and moderate stream densities in winter. Selection for combinations of physical variables and vegetation types was stronger in winter versus summer, and lynx showed strong selection for lodgepole pine cover types in winter. Relative abundance of snowshoe hares measured from pellet counts on plots within the study area were highest within lodgepole pine and lowest within Douglas-fir cover types, and winter selectivity may have been influenced by abundance and distribution of hares. In summer, lynx avoided Douglas-fir cover types and selected northeast aspects; Douglas-fir tended to occur on southwest aspects, especially at higher elevations. Road densities in the study area did not have a significant effect on habitat selection, and lynx crossed roads at frequencies that did not differ from random expectation.","","","","","","","","McKelvey_et_al_2000_Habitat_and_spatial_use_of_lynx_in_northern_Washington.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3255","Lynx home range and movements in Montana and Wyoming: preliminary results","Squires JR;Laurion T;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and _Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3US;conservation;home range;Lynx canadensis;Montana;movement pattern;telemetry;spatial organization;Wyoming;","IN FILE","337","350","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","11","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Preliminary telemetry data suggest that lynx in Montana and Wyoming have large home ranges; this result supports the Koehler and Aubry (1994) contention that lynx from southern lynx populations have large spatial-use areas. Annual home ranges of males were larger than females. Straight-line, daily travel distance averaged 2 to 4 km, which is similar to northern populations. Four males in Montana, and the male and female in Wyoming, made exploratory movements of 20 to 30 km. The extent of these movements may be underestimated because we could not locate all lynx that traveled extensively. We do not know if these movements were exploratory or if the home ranges of these animals include widely dispersed use-areas. The female in Wyoming denned in a mature subalpine fir forest with high horizontal cover from coarse woody debris.","","","","","","","","Squires_&_Laurion_2000_Home_range_and_movements_of_lynx_in_Montana_and_Wyoming.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3256","Space-use, diet, demographics, and topographic associations of lynx in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains: a study","Apps CD;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3CA;conservation;diet;ecology;home range;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;movement pattern;telemetry;Rocky Mountains;spatial organization;winter;","IN FILE","351","372","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","12","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Snowshoe hares are considered the primary prey of Canada lynx throughout their range. Relative to northern populations, hares occurring in mountainous regions at southern latitudes are thought to remain at low and stable densities through time. Hence, the ecology of associated southern lynx populations is expected to resemble that of northern populations during the low phase of the hare population cycle. The space use, diet, and demographics of lynx in the Rocky Mountains of southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta are consistent with this hypothesis, based on data collected from 10 lynx, including six (three males, three females) resident adults, during two years of an assumed increase phase of a hare cycle. Mean hare densities were low, ranging from 0.01 to 0.47/ha among cover types and landscapes. Lynx winter diet (n = 137 kills) was diverse and included hares (52%), red squirrels (30%), northern flying squirrels (5%), grouse (3%), martens (3%), and voles (3%). Kitten recruitment to winter was zero among adult females for four lynx-years. Family groups that did occur in the study area during winter were associated with small litters of two. Survival among resident adults was 100%, but three of four subadults monitored during winter did not survive to mid-May. Home ranges were large, with annual 95% adaptive kernel utilization distributions averaging 381 and 239 km2 for resident males and females respectively. Minimum daily movements averaged 3.8 and 3.0 km respectively. Two juvenile dispersals were short (44 and 17 km) and ended in starvation. Space use by lynx may also relate to physiography, the influence of which may vary seasonally in mountainous landscapes. Most lynx selected mid elevations (1,550-1,850 m) and moderate to gentle slopes (<40%) within home ranges. Residents used higher elevations, and some used steeper slopes during summer than during winter. Highways were crossed less than random expectation within home ranges, suggesting that they influenced lynx movements. Sexual differences in home range size were not significant, but daily movements of males were greater than those of females, indicating that they used space more extensively.","","","","","","","","Apps_2000_Space_use_diet_demographics_of_lynx_in_southern_Canada.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3257","Ecology of Canada lynx in southern boreal forests","Aubry KB;Koehler GM;Squires JR;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3NAm;3US;conservation;diet;ecology;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","373","396","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","13","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Canada lynx occur throughout boreal forests of North America, but ecological conditions in southern regions differ in many respects from those in Canada and Alaska. To evaluate the extent to which lynx ecology and population biology may differ between these regions, we review existing information from southern boreal forests and compare our findings to information presented in Chapter 9 on lynx in the taiga. Throughout North America, lynx diets in both winter and summer are dominated by snowshoe hares. In southern boreal forests, alternative prey, especially red squirrels, are important constituents of the diet. This reliance on alternative prey may reflect a response to low-density hare populationsin southern regions, because alternative prey are also important in the taiga during lows in the snowshoe hare cycle. In addition, limited information on lynx diets during snow-free months indicates that alternative prey are important during summer in both northern and southern populations, regardless of the status of local hare populations. As in the taiga, lynx in southern regions are associated with boreal and sub-boreal forest conditions, including upper elevation, coniferous forests in the western mountains and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests in the Northeast. Throughout their range, lynx are absent or uncommon in dense, wet forests along the Pacific coast. In both northern and southern regions, lynx occur predominantly in habitats where snowshoe hares are abundant, especially early successional stands with high stem densities. However, in southern boreal forests, such habitats appear to be used primarily for hunting; all known den sites in southern regions were located in mature forest stands with large woody debris. As in the taiga during times of hare scarcity, relatively large home ranges appear to be characteristic of lynx in southern boreal forests. Lynx dispersal movements are similar to those reported from the taiga. However, only lynx in southern forests are known to make exploratory movements prior to dispersal. We speculate that such explorations may reflect a more heterogeneous habitat mosaic, and a correspondingly lower probability of successful dispersal in southern regions. Demographic characteristics of southern lynx populations, including low densities, low pregnancy rates, low litter sizes, and high kitten mortality rates are similar to those reported from the taiga during times of hare scarcity. As in the taiga, we found little evidence that roads represented a significant disturbance or mortality factor for lynx. Roads into lynx habitat may, however, provide access to generalist competitors, such as coyotes and bobcats. Although there is little evidence that competition with other predators negatively influences lynx populations, this aspect of their ecology has not been studied in southern boreal forests. In summary, differences in lynx ecology between populations in southern boreal forests and those in the taiga appear to be related primarily to the use of alternative prey species; the effect of habitat patchiness on movements, reproduction, and survival; and the potential effects of different communities of predators and competitors on lynx populations.","","","","","","","","Aubry_et_al_2000_Ecology_of_Canada_lynx_in_southern_boreal_forests.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3258","Comparative ecology of lynx in North America","Buskirk SW;Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Pearson DE;Squires JR;McKelvey KS;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3CA;3NAm;3US;conservation;diet;ecology;habitat;Lepus americanus;Lynx canadensis;predator-prey;","IN FILE","397","418","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","14","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","Lynx occur across a large geographic area, but have only been studied in a few locations, and this has led to extrapolation of understandings into areas with very divergent ecologies. We discuss ecological differences across the range of lynx, contrasting the patterns of climate, vegetation, disturbance dynamics and succession, and predator/prey relationships. In all these particulars, areas where lynx occur within the contiguous United States diverge from the well-studied areas of the taiga. We caution against uncritical application of ecological understandings derived from the North to southern lynx and we emphasize the potential importance of late-successional forests as habitat for hares, red squirrels, and lynx in the southern part of the range of the lynx.","","","","","","","","Buskirk_et_al_2000_Comparative_ecology_of_lynx_in_North_America.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3259","Lynx conservation in an ecosystem management context","McKelvey KS;Aubry KB;Agee JK;Buskirk SW;Ruggiero LF;Koehler GM;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_ Conservation_of_lynx_in_the_US.pdf","3NAm;3US;conservation;ecology;ecosystem;Lynx canadensis;management;","IN FILE","419","442","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","15","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McKelvey_et_al_2000_Lynx_conservation_and_ecosystem_management.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3260","The scientific basis for lynx conservation: qualified insights","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","3NAm;3US;conservation;conservation strategy;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","443","454","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","16","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Scientific_basis_for_lynx_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3261","Conservation of lynx in the United States: a systematic approach to closing critical knowledge gaps","Aubry KB;Ruggiero LF;Squires JR;McKelvey KS;Koehler GM;Buskirk SW;Krebs CJ;","2000  ","in: Ruggiero et al 2000 Ecology and Conservation of lynx in the US.pdf (in Reference 3243)","3NAm;3US;conservation;conservation strategy;ecology;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","455","470","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","17","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","To generate reliable inferences about the biology and ecology of lynx in the contiguous United States (U.S.), we must conduct multiple studies that encompass the range of variation in habitats occupied by lynx. The program of research contained in this chapter is predicated upon such an approach. Throughout this book, we have stressed that we know relatively little about lynx biology and ecology in the U.S., and we have cautioned against overgeneralization or inappropriate extrapolation of existing information. We believe the lack of representative data on lynx in the U.S. to be a significant impediment to science-based conservation and management.","","","","","","","","Aubry_et_al_2000_Closing_critical_knowledge_gaps_for_lynx_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3262","Epilogue - The scientific basis for lynx conservation: can we get there from here ?","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","2000  ","in Reference 3243: Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lynx_in_the_United_States.pdf","3NAm;3US;conservation;conservation strategy;Lynx canadensis;","IN FILE","471","474","","","","","1","Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States","Ruggiero LF;Aubry KB;Buskirk SW;Koehler GM;Krebs CJ;McKelvey KS;Squires JR;","18","Boulder, Colorado","University Press of Colorado","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Ruggiero_et_al_2000_Epilogue_Scientific_basis_for_lynx_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3263","Florida Panther Genetic Restoration and Management - Annual Report 1999-2000","Shindle D;Land D;Charlton K;McBride R;","2000  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;management;mortality;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","94","","","","","","","","","Naples, FL","Bureau of Wildlife Diversity Conservation, Florida Panther Research (7500)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Shindle_et_al_2000_Genetic_restoration_programm_for_Florida_panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3264","Florida Panther Genetic Restoration Progress Report - July, August, September 2000","","2000  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;genetics;management;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;Puma concolor stanleyana;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","94","","","","","","","","","Naples, FL","Bureau of Wildlife Diversity Conservation, Florida Panther Research (7500)","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2000_Genetic_restoration_programm_for_Florida_panther_Progress_Report.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3265","Die Kralle der Hauskatze (Felis catus) - eine Formenanalyse","Vollmerhaus B;Roos H;","2000  ","","anatomy;claw;domestic cat;Felis catus;morphology;","IN FILE","193","195","","Anat Histol Embryol ","","","29","","","","","","German","","","","","","","The claw of the domestic cat (Felis catus) - analysis of its shape: The feline claws in the forepaw and hind paw are very different in shape. An objective method of comparison will be described. The differences in function and the factors with regard to the shape are discussed.","","","","","","","","Vollmerhaus_&_Roos_2002_Die_Kralle_der_Hauskatze.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3266","Snow Leopard Manual - Field Study Techniques for the Kingdom of Nepal","Bajimaya S;","2000  ","see RefID:50","4NP;CCT;cct_meth;conservation;distribution;field method;method;prey;SLIMS survey;snow leopard;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","79","","","","","","","Froede K;Jackson R;","","Baluwater, Kathmandu, Nepal","WWF Nepal Program","English","","","","","","","A field workshop on snow leopard and its prey census techniques has been organized in Shey-Phoksundo National Park, Dolpa in 1999. Subsequently, a field survey of snow leopard and prey species was conducted in the park and its adjoining areas. The publication of this manual aims at sharing and facilitation the study on snow leopard among mid-level professionals interested in conducting fieldwork on their own. The manual is derived from the 'Snow Leopard Survey and Conservation Handbook' (Jackson & Hunter 1996).","","","","","","","","Bajimaya_2000_Snow_leopard_manual.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3267","Interim report: Camera trapping in the eastern Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia","Sanderson JG;","2001  ","","4KH;biodiversity;camera trap;snare trap;trapping;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","Phnom Penh, Cambodia","Center for Applied Biodiversity Science","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sanderson_2001_Camera_trapping_in_Cambodia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3268","Northern Rockies Lynx Amdendment UPDATE - Bringing you up to date","","2002  ","","3NAm;distribution;ecology;habitat;hair trap;Lynx canadensis;status;","IN FILE","1","8","Northern Rockies Lynx Amdendment","","","","","","","May 2002","","USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2002_Northern_Rockies_lynx_amendment.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3269","Wiederansiedlung des Luchses - Aspekte im Nationalpark Harz und im Kampinoski-Nationalpark / Polen","Boer M;","2001  ","","7PL;8DE;captivity;genetics;Harz;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","387","388","Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung","","","","33","","","12","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boer_2001_Wiederansiedlung_des_Luchses.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3270","Gehegeluchse weniger scheu","Wotschikowsky U;Kaczensky P;Knauer F;","2001  ","","8DE;captivity;IUCN;Lynx lynx;reintroduction;reintroduction guidelines;","IN FILE","388","388","Naturschutz und Landschaftsplanung","","","","33","","","12","","","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wotschikowsky_et_al_2001_Gehegeluchse_weniger_scheu.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3271","Action plan for the conservation of the lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Italian Alps - Draft (Chapter 4.2.)","","","","8IT;action plan;Alps;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;conservation needs;conservation strategy;human-carnivore conflict;humans;hunting;livestock;lynx;Lynx lynx;management;recovery;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","IEA - Instituto di Ecologia Applicata, for WWF Italy","English","","","","","","","The draft presents the objectives of the action plan for the lynx in the Italian Alps. The ultimate aim of this action plan is the recovering and maintenance, coexisting with humans, of a viable lynx population as an integral part of the Alpine landscapes and ecosystems. For this aim to be feasible, the following specific objectives have to be achieved: (1) facilitate and allow the recovery, stabilization, growth and maintaining of the lynx in suitable areas of the entire Alpine region (2) achieve a sustainable compromise between the conservation needs of the lynx and human needs of developing and maintaining economic activities (including hunting) (3) achieve international collaboration that allows unitary and standardized management of the whole Alpine lynx population.","","","","","","","","IEA_&_WWF_2000_Draft_action_plan_for_lynx_conservation_in_Italian_Alps.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3272","Florida panther genetic restoration progress report, January, February, March 1999","","1999  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","Jan-March 1999","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous 1999 Florida panther genetic restoration progress report1.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3273","Florida panther genetic restoration progress report, October, November, December 1999","Lotz M;Land D;Shindle D;Jansen DK;Osborne J;Alvarado M;Ettaji KAM;","1999  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;report;restoration;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","Oct-Dec 1999","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lotz_et_al_1999_Florida_panther_genetic_restoration_progress_report4.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3274","Florida panther genetic restoration progress report, July, August, September 1999","Lotz M;Land D;Shindle D;Jansen DK;Osborne J;Alvarado M;Ettaji KAM;","1999  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;report;restoration;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","Jul-Sep 1999","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Lotz_et_al_1999_Florida_panther_genetic_restoration_progress_report3.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3275","Florida panther genetic restoration progress report, October, November, December 1998","","1999  ","","3US;Florida;genetic restoration;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;report;restoration;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","Oct-Dec 1998","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Florida_panther_genetic_restoration_progress_report.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3276","Luchs-Nachrichten - Informationen rund um das Luchsprojekt des Naturparks Bayerischer Wald E.V.","Woelfl M;","2002  ","","8DE;Bayern;capture;dispersal;home range;Lynx lynx;spatial organization;","IN FILE","1","4","Luchs-Nachrichten","","","","","","","2","Zwiesel Germany","Naturpark Bayerischer Wald e.V.","German","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Woelfl_2002_Lynx_News.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3277","Mountain lion-human interactions on the Colorado Palteau: the effects of human use areas on mountain lion movements, behavior, and activity patterns","Leslie E;","2001  ","","3US;activity;behavior;Colorado;human-predator conflict;human activity;management;Puma concolor;","IN FILE","193","196","","","","","32","Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands","Harmon D;","","Hancock, Michigan","The George Wright Society","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Leslie_2001_Mountain_lion-human_interaction_in_Colorado.pdf","","","",""
"SER","3278","Action Plan for the conservation of the Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe","Breitenmoser U;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Okarma H;Kaphegyi T;Kaphegyi-Wallmann U;Müller UM;","2000  ","","78Eur;action plan;CCT;cct_ap/cs;conflict;conservation;conservation strategy;habitat protection;human-carnivore conflict;legislation;life history;livestock;lynx;Lynx lynx;monitoring;public awareness;status;threats;","IN FILE","1","83","","","","","112","","","","Strasbourg","Council of Europe","English","","","","","Nature and Environment","","This action plan for the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) addresses the conservation of the lynx on a pan-European level. Although the conservation and management units in Europe are the countries, the vast areas, over which viable populations of large carnivore species will expand requires for international concepts. The focus of all conservation and management activities must be the population. Regardless to the global status of a species, each population as an integral part of a local ecosystems should be preserved. All lynx populations in Europe expand over several countries, and in many cases, the national part of a population would not be viable by itself. This requires cross-border co-operation. The actions recommended refer to this pan-European approach, but are also listed for each single country. The objectives of the Action Plan address policy and legislation; species conservation and habitat protection; conflicts with humans; socio-economic incentives; public awareness; and monitoring and research.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser_et_al_2000_Action_plan_for_Lynx_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3279","Zambezi Society relocates cheetah","Siamachira J;","1997  ","","1ZW;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;translocation;","IN FILE","11","11","Zimbabwe Wildlife","","","","","","","January - March 1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Siamachira_1997_Zambezi_Society_relocates_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3280","Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in the Waterberg mountains North Western Transvaal","Walker C;","1987  ","","1ZA;Acinonyx jubatus;record;sighting;Transvaal;","IN FILE","1","2","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","Cat Specialist Group Report","","","","","","","","","","Walker_1987_Cheetah_in_the_Waterberg_mountains_north_western_Transvaal.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","3281","Bioacustical features of self-esteem in the cheetah","Volodina EV;Volodin IA;","","","Acinonyx jubatus;social behavior;vocalisation;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Volodina_&_Volodin_-_Vocalisation_in_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3282","Homosexuality in Asiatic lion: a case study from Gir National Park and Sanctuary","Pati BP;","2000  ","","4IN;behavior;Gir;homosexuality;Panthera leo;sexual behavior;","IN FILE","266","266","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","98","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Pati_2000_Homosexuality_in_Asiatic_lion.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","3283","El Lince Ibérico y la Red Natura 2000","Cobo Anula J;Beaufoy G;","2000  ","","8ES;conservation;extinction;habitat;Lynx pardinus;status;threat;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Adena","WWF","Spanish","","","","","","","Content: Why is the Iberian lynx heading towards extinction?, The conservation of the Iberian Lynx in Spain: Recent history and perspectives for the future, What does WWF/Adena to conserve the Iberian Lynx?, The Habitat Directive and Natura 2000: a new chance for the Iberian Lynx? Analysis of WWF/Adena of the official Natura 2000 proposal for the Iberian Lynx, WWF/Adena and Iberian lynx conservation according to the Habitat Directive.","","","","","","","","Cobo_Anula_&_Beaufoy_2000_El_lince_Iberico_y_la_Red_Natura_2000.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3284","Co-management in Africa, the case of Waza National Park, Cameroon","Bauer H;","1999  ","","1Afr;1CM;1ZW;management;Waza National Park;","IN FILE","281","288","","","","","","Co-managing the Environment; the natural resources of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range, Proceedings International Work Conference 21-24 September 1998","Bernardo E;Snelder DJ;","","Cabagan, Philippines","CVPED/Plan International","English","","","","","","","This paper discusses the changes in the management of natural resources in Cameroon, and in the Waza National Park in particular, over the last decade. Special reference is made to the three main principles of the CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe. Cameroon has been greatly influenced by the modern view on biodiversity conservation and embraced co-management as its strategy. After careful study, however, one can still find inconsistencies, adverse rules and lack of clarity. Institutional reform is underway but the process is slow and difficult. This conclusion is supported by the reviewed case of Waza National Park, a biosphere reserve of 160,000 ha. The government clearly expressed its support for a participatory approach to the management of the park but at the same time it maintains obstacles. Legal, institutional and traditional limits to comanagement were identified. Nevertheless, a lot has been done with respect to attitudes and cooperation. A forum for discussion was created which allows true participation by the population, both male and female, in information and, to a certain extent, decision making. The principle of community empowerment is respected, however, to keep the people interested, economic incentives have to start trickling down soon to turn this momentum into results for conservation and development. On this point, little has been achieved, and prospects are a bit bleak. Exploitation of the park's resources will probably remain completely illegal for some time. No income is generated by hunting schemes and no share of the entrance fees paid by tourist is distributed or invested locally. The principle of wildlife utilization is not respected. To a certain extent this is acceptable for the park itself, which is a preservation area, but for the peripheral zone the principle that wildlife can be used should be given due consideration by all parties. A local IUCN-funded conservation and development project started income-generating activities but revenues are marginal compared to what is common practice in southern Africa. The project started many development activities. Some of these activities have become self-financing but others are not likely to continue without external funds and the technical assistance of the project. It is questionable if the benefits of the development activities are sufficient to offset all damage and opportunity costs incurred by the creation and the presence of the park. In the end, it is precisely this balance which will have to convince people that the park is in their interest, and it remains to be seen if conservation can win the support of the population over the next five years.","","","","","","","","Bauer_1999_Co-management_in_Waza_NP_Cameroon.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3285","Sex and wildlife: the role of reproductive science in conservation","Wildt DE;Wemmer C;","1999  ","","cloning;conservation;embryo transfer;in vitro fertilization;reproduction;reproduction technology;wildlife;","IN FILE","965","976","Biodiversity and Conservation","","","","8","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wildt_&_Wemmer_1999_Reproductive_science_in_conservation_-_extract.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3286","Cheetah under fire","Whyte J;","1986  ","","1Afr;Acinonyx jubatus;status;","IN FILE","17","19","","","(unknown)","","","","","March 86","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Whyte_1986_Cheetah_under_fire.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3287","Cheetah tail identification system","Wells S;","1993  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;coat pattern;identification of individuals;tail;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","International Cheetah Studbook 1993 (K5)","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wells_1993_Cheetah_tail_identification_system.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3288","Night stalking - Setting a camera trapline for noctural carnivores","Joslin P;","1977  ","","camera trap;Carnivora;field method;method;Panthera pardus;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","34","35","Photo Life","","","","","","","July","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Joslin_1977_Night_stalking.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3289","Pan-Alpine Conservation Strategy for the Lynx","Molinari-Jobin A;Molinari P;Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Woelfl M;Stanisa C;Fasel M;Stahl P;Vandel J;Rotelli L;Kaczensky P;Huber T;Adamic M;Koren I;Breitenmoser U;","2003  ","","Alps;CCT;cct_cs;conservation strategy;distribution;environment;Europe;life history;lynx;Lynx lynx;PACS;population;reintroduction;SCALP;status;strategy;threat;","IN FILE","1","19","","","","","No. 130 , 25 p","","","","","SCALP, Council of Europe","English","","","","","Nature and environment","","This Pan-Alpine Conservation Strategy for the Lynx (PACS) bases on two ideas: (1) no Alpine country can host a viable lynx population in isolation - all regional populations will be transboundary; and (2) international co-operation is essential for the conservation of shared populations, and even more to solve the mutual problems. The goal is to re-establish and maintain, in co-existence with people, a vital lynx population covering the whole of the Alpine arc. This general goal can be split in four objectives: (1) The lynx populations in Slovenia and Switzerland maintain their vitality and must be helped to expand. (2) The populations in Slovenia and Switzerland are joined through colonisation of the area in between (Alps of Austria, Germany, Italy and Liechtenstein). (3) This unified population in the central Alps is allowed to expand to the north-east (Austria) and the south-west (France, Italy). (4) Gene flow is assured between the Alpine sub-populations and the population of Slovenia and Croatia, the population of the Jura Mountains and the population of the Bohemian/Bavarian forest.","","","","","","","","Molinari-Jobin_et_al_2003_Pan-Alpine_conservation_strategy_for_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3290","Gastrointestinal parasites of the Iberian lynx and other wild carnivores from central Spain","Rodriguez A;Carbonell E;","1998  ","","8ES;Carnivora;cestoda;eoccidia;Lynx pardinus;nematode;parasite;population dynamics;veterinary;","IN FILE","128","136","Acta Parasitologica","","","","43","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","Between 1991 and 1995 fresh fecal samples from Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), wildcats (Felis silvestris), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and other carnivore species were collected in two areas of central Spain for isolation of parasite eggs and larvae. Twenty-three gastrointestinal coccidia, cestoda and nematoda species were identified. Common (more than 20% prevalence) species were Isospora felis, I. rivolta, Ancylostoma spp., Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara cati, Aelurostrongylus spp., and Physaloptera spp. for the wildcat, I. felis, Taenia spp., Ancylostoma spp., T. leonina, and Toxocara canis for the Iberian lynx, and I. canis, I. vulpis, and Physaloptera spp. for the red fox. In contrast to the pattern found in most similar studies, the distribution of parasitic forms among individual hosts was not overdispersed. Differences in prevalence between host populations were only detected for Physaloptera spp. in the wildcat. Sexual differences in occurrence, prevalence and intensity were no found in any host. The number of parasite species per individual was significantly higher in adult than in subadult hosts, and negatively correlated with a rough index of host body condition. The consistence of parasite species across samples of the same individual host taken at different times was low. In this paper we provide the first data on intestinal parasites for the rare Iberian lynx.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_&_Carbonell_1998_Gastrointestinal_parasites_of_carnivores_in_Spain.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3291","Notes sur l'alimentation et la biologie du lynx pardelle, Lynx pardina (Temminkck, 1824), en Espagne","Delibes M;Palacios F;Garzon J;Castroviejo J;","1975  ","(with Spanish and English summary)","8ES;biology;diet;ecology;Lynx pardinus;myxomatosis;prey;faecal analysis;veterinary;","IN FILE","387","393","Mammalia","","","","39","","","3","","","French","","","","","","","We have analysed 16 digestive tracts and 37 scats of Lynx pardina found in Sierra Morena, Montes de Toledo, Sierra de Gata and Sierra de Lagunilla in Spain, mountains all of them with an altitude under the 1000-1400 m and a typical mediterranean vegetation. From 85 preys, even more than the half were Oryctolagus cuniculus (56.5%). The other preys were rodents (26.9%), birds of the size of the Turdus and Alectoris (11.7%) and other preys which one of them was a Lacerta lepida. The rabbits were found in the 86.8% of the contents analysed, therefore they are the chief food of the Spanish lynx. For this cause the epidemy of myxomatosis has damaged the last populations of this beautiful cat. It is even worse for his survival the official authorisations for poisoning and the systematical destroyment of their biotopes changed with exotic woodland in great part with Eucalyptus. A pregnant female with three foetuses was caught the 09-03-1973 in Sierra Morena. The birht would have happened at the beginning of April and the rutting time must had appeared towards the end of January and the beginning of February.","","","","","","","","Delibes_et_al_1975_Notes_sur_l_alimentation_et_la_biologie_du_lynx_pardelle_en_Espagne.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3292","Environmental determinants of circadian activity of free-ranging Iberian lynxes","Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1994  ","","8ES;activity;Donana;free-ranging;habitat;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;telemetry;weather;","IN FILE","382","393","Journal of Mammalogy","J Mamm ","","","75","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","From February 1983 to May 1985, 12 Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus) (six adults and six juveniles) were radiotracked at hourly intervals for 114 24-h periods at Doñana National Park, southwestern Spain. Nine environmental factors were related, by season and age class, to 12 indices of daily activity of lynxes derived from movement rates and pulses of the motion sensor in the transmitters. Coefficients of determination were higher in winter and summer than in spring. Juvenile lynxes appeared more sensitive to environmental factors than adults. Photoperiod had a major influence (Rsquare = 29%) on circadian activity pattern throughout the year. Environmental factors significantly related to activity of lynxes during winter were maximum temperature, pressure changes, evaporation, and moonphase. In summer, important variables were maximum temperature, moonphase, hours with moonlight, and hight pressures. In spring, only rainfall and temperature (minimum and maximum) showed a slight but significant influence on activity of lynxes. Although some climatological factors may have a direct effect on the circadian activity of lynxes. Although some climatological factors may have a direct effect on the circadian activity of Iberian lynx, others (e.g., moonlight) may act indirectly by influencing the activity of the Mediterranean rabbit, the lynx's main prey.","","","","","","","","Beltran_&_Delibes_1994_Activity_of_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3293","Can the increase of fox density explain the decrease in lynx numbers at Donana?","Rau JR;Beltran JF;Delibes M;","1985  ","","8ES;density;Donana;interspecific competition;Lynx pardinus;Vulpes vulpes;","IN FILE","","","","Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)","","","40","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The number of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) has increased dramatically over the last few years in the Doñana National Park (S.W. Spain) whereas a noticeable decrease in the numbers of lynx (Lynx pardina) has apparently taken place during the same period. The Spanish authorities and private organizations concerned with nature conservation related both phenomena, and called for measures to control Fox numbers. In order to determine whether competitive pressures might have affected the already endangered Lynx population we will attempt here to use the data available on Fox and Lynx abundance and food habits to provide a preliminary answer to the questions raised, pending further research.","","","","","","","","Rau_et_al_1985_Fox_density_increase_and_lynx_density_decrease_in_Donana.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3294","The distribution of faeces by the Spanish lynx (Felis pardina)","Robinson IH;Delibes M;","1988  ","","8ES;distribution;Lynx pardinus;faeces;","IN FILE","577","582","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","216","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The distribution of faeces of the Spanish lynx was observed in the Biological Reserve of Doñana during October 1985. Faeces were non-randomly distributed on tracks through the vegetation, and occurred more frequently than expected beside intersections of deer trails with the tracks. A computer simulation showed that a randomly moving lynx was more likely to encounter faeces when thy occurred at intersection points than when they occurred randomly on tracks.","","","","","","","","Robinson_&_Delibes_1988_Distribution_of_faeces_by_Spanish_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"SER","3295","Spatial ecology of Iberian lynx and abundance of European rabbits in southwestern Spain","Palomares F;Delibes M;Revilla E;Calzada J;Fedriani JM;","2001  ","","8ES;daily movement;ecology;home range;human impact;line transect;Lynx pardinus;movement distance;movement pattern;Oryctolagus cuniculus;spatial use;","IN FILE","1","36","Wildlife Monographs","","","","148","","","","Amherst, MA","The Wildlife Socienty, Inc.","English","","","","","","","(only part of it): Spatial ecology and diet of Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and the abundance of its main prey, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), were studied in southwestern Spain from December 1992 to December 1996 when a decline in rabbit populations occurred. Our objectives were to relate spatial ecology of lynx to rabbit abundance, water availability, and protection from human disturbance. Rabbits were almost the sole prey of lynx; rabbit remains were present in 99.2 % (n=1,171) fo feces analyzed.","","","","","","","","Palomares_et_al_2001_Spatial_ecology_of_Iberian_lynx_and_rabbit_abundance.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3296","Dynamics and conservation problems of a small and fragmented population of Iberian lynx","Delibes M;Ferreras P;Aldama JJ;","1993  ","","8ES;8PT;conservation;habitat fragmentation;Lynx pardinus;population dynamics;","IN FILE","70","75","","","","","T-PVS (93) 35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Information on: Status of the Doñana lynx population, Factors limiting carrying capacity, Mortality rates and causes, Genetic problems, Other factors, Measures to increase the viability of the population.","","","","","","","","Delibes_et_al_1993_Conservation_and_population_dynamics_of_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3297","A new species of Felicola (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from the endangered Iberian lynx: another reason to ensure its survival","Perez JM;Palma RL;","2001  ","","8ES;8PT;conservation;Felicola isidoroi;Lynx pardinus;parasite;Phthiraptera;veterinary;","IN FILE","929","937","Biodiversity and Conservation","","","","10","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A new chewing louse species, Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi, is described and illustrated from a male Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus (Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Spain. Although the new species is based only on a single adult male, it was felt that the scarcity of the host and the distinctiveness of the louse warranted its description. Considering the high degree of host-specificity of this group of lice, the current conservation status of the host as the most vulnerable felid species in the world, and the low prevalence shown by the new louse, we propose the status of endangered for the louse species also. A list of parasites recorded on Lynx pardinus and other carnivore hosts from the Iberian Peninsula is given, and their host-specificity is discussed.","","","","","","","","Perez_&_Palma_2001_New_Phthiraptera_species_of_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3298","Experimental release of an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)","Rodriguez A;Barrios L;Delibes M;","1995  ","","adaptations;captivity;experiment;Lynx pardinus;pre-release training;reintroduction;release;","IN FILE","382","394","Biodiversity and Conservation","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Reintroduction to the wild of threatened species has become a modern additional justification for captive propagation. This conservation procedure is costly, and both economic resources and the absence of optimal conditions in the field limit the IUCN recommendations for reintroduction to a small proportion of potential candidate species. Furthermore reintroduction attempts often fail. In carnivores, reintroduction failure is attributed to unsuitable adaptation in the field by captive-reared animals, due to their lack of hunting skills, their tendency to leave the target area, their inadequate interaction with conspecifics or their excessive confidence in humans. This list of causes is based on very few studies of carnivore adaptation after reintroduction. In very rare and endangered species, monitoring individual case-histories is the only way to evaluate reintroduction success. We report a successful experimental release of an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) which grew up in captivity. Careful feeding-training and avoidance of human contact during the captive phase, as well as good habitat quality and correct interaction with other wild lynx in the release site, seem to account for the observed success. Permanence of the lynx within the release area might be related to availability of territory vacancies in the receiving population. Our results allow some optimism for future reintroductions of this endangered species in areas where it has become extinct recently.","","","","","","","","Rodriguez_et_al_1995_Experimental_release_of_an_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3299","Nouveaux restes osseux de lynx dans les Pyrénêes","Clot A;Besson J;","1974  ","French","8FR;Lynx lynx;Pyrenees;record;","IN FILE","157","169","Bulletin de la Sociétè d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse","","","","109","","","","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Clot_&_Besson_1974_Nouveaux_restes_osseux_de_lynx_dans_les_Pyrenees.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3300","Observations of feeding groups in the Spanish lynx (Felis pardina) in the Donana National Park, SW Spain","Aldama JJ;Delibes M;","1991  ","","8ES;dispersal;Donana;interaction;Lynx pardinus;observation;philopatry;social behavior;","IN FILE","143","147","Mammalia","","","","55","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","Usually lynxes forage alone. However, the low rate of interactions with conspecifics probably does not mean a reduction of the ability of each lynx to recognize other individuals. For this reason, in some particular cases family-related groups may gather as it happens with some more social species of felids, such as lions. Herein we report two observations (one year elapsed) of a family related feeding group of free-ranging radiocollared Spanish lynxes at Doiiana region, SW Spain. The family group was formed by an adult female, mother of a young independent female and a yearling male.","","","","","","","","Aldama_&_Delibes_1991_Feeding_groups_in_Spanish_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3301","Field observations of Spanish lynxes (Felis pardina) playing with prey in Donana, south-west Spain","Aldama JJ;Delibes M;","1991  ","","8ES;behavior;behaviour;Donana;Lynx pardinus;observation;Oryctolagus cuniculus;prey;rabbit;","IN FILE","683","684","Journal of Zoology","J Zool ,Lond ","","","225","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Play behaviour is well documented in felids, but the funcional significance of this activity remains unclear. Moreover, most of the information conserning play in felids has been provided by observations of domestic and/or captive individuals as free-living wild felids are usually rare, solitary and frequently nocturnal. In this note we report some observations of two free-living Spanish lynxes (Felis pardina), a juvenile and an adult, playing with wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Doñana, south-west Spain.","","","","","","","","Aldama_&_Delibes_1991_Spanish_lynx_playing_with_prey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3302","Fossil pardel lynx (Lynx pardina spelaea Boule) from a cave in southern France","Kurtén B;Granqvist E;","1987  ","","8FR;fossil;Lynx pardinus;Lynx pardinus splaea;paleontology;pleistocene;skull;","IN FILE","39","43","","Annales Zoologici Fennici","","","24","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A felid skull form the Aven du Puech Margal, St. Jean de Maruejois (Gard) is referred to the large Pleistocene subspecies of pardel lynx, L. pardina spelaea Boule. It confirms the presence of pardel lynx in southern France inthe late Pleistocene. Some diagnostic characters differentiating the fossil pardel lynx from the equally large L. lynx are discussed.","","","","","","","","Kurten_&_Granqvist_1987_Fosil_pardel_lynx_from_France.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3303","Hematological and serum chemical characteristics of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardina) in southwestern Spain","Beltran JF;Delibes M;Recio F;Aza C;","1991  ","","8ES;characteristic;Lynx pardinus;veterinary;","IN FILE","840","846","Canadian Journal of Zoology","","","","69","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Hematological and serum chemical values were determined for 16 wild Iberian lynxes, Lynx pardina (5 adult males, 4 adult females, 4 juvenile males, and 3 juvenile females) captured with box-traps and coil-spring traps. The results include reference values, analysis of sex and age differences, and data on the influence of capture method on blood values. Males had higher blood cell counts (p=0.03) and packed cell volumes (p=0.06) than females, which presented higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels (p=0.08) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (p=0.07) than males. Juveniles had higher serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (p=0.01), urea (P=0.02), and cholesterol (p=0.02) and lower levels of creatinine (p=0.07) than adults. Four hematological variables (mean platelet volume, platelet size distribution, white blood cell count, and mean corpuscular volume) and two serum variables (concentrations of amylase and calcium) were influenced by capture method. The use of standard procedures to assess base-line blood values in wild carnivores is encouraged.","","","","","","","","Beltran_et_al_1991_Hematology_and_serum_of_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3304","Iberian lynx breeding center opened","De Benito JM;","1993  ","","8ES;captive breeding;conservation;Donana;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","15","15","CBSG News","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","A captive breeding center for the Iberian lynx was recently opened in the National Park of Doñana, Spain. It is believed that the center will play an important role in protecting the limited gene pool of the species as well as provide detailed information of the animal's biology.","","","","","","","","De_Benito_1993_Iberian_lynx_breeding_center_opened.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3305","Predator-prey relationship between rabbit and lynx in southern Spain","Rogers PM;","1978  ","","8ES;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;predator-prey;","IN FILE","83","87","La Terre et la Vie","","","","32","","","","","","English","","","","","","","A collection of 351 Lynx (Lynx pardina) faeces made from December 1972 to October 1973 in the Reserva Biológica de Doñana (Spain) was analysed for food remains. Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) remains were found in 84%, duck (Anas spp.) remians in 11% and small mammal remains in 3% of the faeces. Distribution of faeces showed a similar pattern to that of rabbits as determined by sight counts along transects. It is suggested that Lynx and Rabbit in Europe may have evolved an ecological relationship similar to that between L. canadensis and Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus in North America.","","","","","","","","Rogers_1978_Predator-prey_between_rabbit_and_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3306","Feeding ecology of the Spanish lynx in the Coto Donana","Delibes M;","1980  ","","8ES;diet;Donana;feeding;Lynx pardinus;","IN FILE","309","324","Acta Theriologica","Acta theriol ","","","25","","","24","","","English","","","","","","","To study the food habits of the Spanish lynx were analysied 1537 droppings collected throughout two periods of one year in Doñana, S.W. Spain. A food test which was carried out on a captive lynx allowed us to relate the number of occurrences of each kind of prey in the samples with the actual numbers of individual preys and the biomass devoured. The main prey is the rabbit which amounts to 79% of the prey captured and 85% of the biomass consumed. The next in the importance are the ducks (9% and 7% resepectively) and the ungulates (3% and 5%). Seasonal variations in the diet are not very pronounced. The importance of rabbits is at its maximum between July and October, that of the ducks between March and June and that of the cervids between November and February. The prey is selected for the facility in which they may be caught rather than for their abundance. It is estimated that an individual lynx consumes about 74gr of food per kilo of body weight daily. The impact of the predation on the prey populations is difficult to evaluate, but it seems to be very important on the fallow deer population, relatively important on these of rabbits and red deer and very slight on that of ducks. Predation on ungulates in the study area may be a kind of starvation related mortaliy.","","","","","","","","Delibes_1980_Feeding_ecology_of_Spanish_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3307","Lynx impact upon rabbit populations","Calzada J;","1999  ","","8ES;Lynx pardinus;Oryctolagus cuniculus;predator-prey;","IN FILE","1","1","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus, endemic of the Iberian Peninsula, is a specialist predator on the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Unfortunately it ist the most threatened felid in the world. One of its main conservation problems comes from hunters who blame lynx for the decline of rabbit density. Knowing the real impact of lynx upon rabbit populations will provide us an excellent tool for conservation policies. It involves knowing how lynx is using rabbit-resource. In a three-year study, lynx and rabbit densities were recorded in an area of Doñana National Park, SW Spain. Simultaneously, lynx diet was analyzed.","","","","","","","","Calzada_1999_Lynx_impact_upon_rabbit_populations.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3308","Densidad relativa de pumas (Felis concolor) en un ecosistema forestal del sur de Chile","Muñoz-Pedreros A;Rau JR;Valdebenito M;Quintana V;Martinez DR;","1995  ","","2CL;density;Puma concolor;scent stations;","IN FILE","501","507","Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","","","","68","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","The puma (Felis concolor) is considered a harmful predator that attacks livestock (especially sheep and goats) in southern Chile. To detect seasonal and annual population changes of puma trends, a scent-station line was established at Colonia Loncoche, a locality with remnant native forests used for farming, livestock production, and exotic pine plantation (Pinus radiata D.Don). Plaster disks saturated with commercial bobcat urine were used as attractants. Ninety-one tracks of kittens/juveniles and sub-adult/adult pumas were recorded and measured, thus allowing a clearcut discrimination between both age classes. Maximum puma visiting rates observed during autumn 1988 and spring 1988 may be attributed to the addition of puma recruits to the resident population.","","","","","","","","Munoz-Pedreros_et_al_1995_Densidad_de_pumas_en_el_sur_de_Chile.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3309","Basic ecological parameters and management constraints of lions and cheetahs in Bushmanland and Daudom Game Reserve, Namibia","Stander PE;","1996  ","Population and Habitat Viability Analysis, 12.2.1996, Otjiwarongo","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;behavior;ecology;management;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1","8","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1996_Ecology_and_conservation_of_lions_and_cheetah_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3310","Acknowledgements, Foreword, Preface, ContentsLion conservation research Workshop 1: Survey Techniques","Loveridge AJ;Lynam T;MacDonald DW;Jackson P;","2001  ","","conservation;Panthera leo;research;survey;","IN FILE","0","VI","","","","","","","Loveridge AJ;Lynam T;MacDonald DW;","","","Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, NUFU, Darwin Initiative","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loveridge_et_al_2001_Lion_conservation_research_workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3311","A: Censusing lions","","2001  ","","population size;conservation;method;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","1","17","","","","","","Lion conservation research Workshop 1: Survey Techniques","Loveridge AJ;Lynam T;MacDonald DW;","","","Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, NUFU, Darwin Initiative","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loveridge_et_al_2001_Censusing_lions.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3312","Bibliography","","2001  ","","1Afr;bibliography;conservation;Panthera leo;research;survey;","IN FILE","32","33","","","","","","Lion conservation research Workshop 1: Survey Techniques","Loveridge AJ;Lynam T;MacDonald DW;","","","Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, NUFU, Darwin Initiative","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Loveridge_et_al_2001_Bibliography_of_lion_conservation_research_workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3313","Trapping methods (Appendix I)Lion conservation research Workshop 1: Survey Techniques","Frank L;","2001  ","","1Afr;cage trap;capture;field method;immobilization;mass trap;method;Panthera leo;snare trap;trapping;","IN FILE","34","39","","","","","","","Loveridge AJ;Lynam T;MacDonald DW;","","","Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, NUFU, Darwin Initiative","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frank_2001_Lion_trapping_methods.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3314","Summary sheets on data presented in the 'Survey of livestock and predator issues on the Namibian farmlands to assess problems and strategies for cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) survival'","Marker-Kraus L;Kraus D;Barnett D;Hurlbut S;","1993  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;livestock;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","Cheetah Conservation Fund","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_et_al_1993_Livestock_and_cheetah_on_Namibian_farmlands.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3315","Review of the biometrical and morphological features of the skull of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardina (Temminck, 1824)","Garcia-Perea R;Gisbert J;Palacios F;","1985  ","","biometrics;Lynx pardinus;morphology;skull;","IN FILE","249","259","","Saeugetierk Mitt ","Saeugetierkundliche Mitteilungen","","32","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Fifty-four osseous specimens of Lynx pardina, most of unknown sex, were studied. The criterium of Valvere & Hidalgo (1973), confirmed by the data from the specimens of known sex, was used to determine the sex of the rest of the adults in the sample. The cranial biometry of male and female adults of Lynx pardina was studied separately, revealing significant differences between sexes in most of the variables examined, the males being larger than the females. Likewise, the cranial dimensions of Lynx pardina were compared with those of Lynx lynx found in the literature, observing that Lynx lynx was larger, with no overlap in the ranges of the variables. Finally, we analyzed the variability in Lynx pardina of seven morphological characteristics of the skull and teeth (interorbitary convexity, temporal lines, presphenoid, condylar foramina, Mt metaconid, maxillopalatine sureres and horizontal palatine plates), reviewing their diagnostic value. The comparison with Lynx lynx demonstrated that only the first five features, taken as a group, were valid for differentiating these species.","","","","","","","","Garcia-Perea_et_al_1985_Skull_of_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3316","The recovery plan for the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) population of Serra da Malcata Nature REserve (east Portugal)","Castro LP;Amaral FK;","1993  ","","8PT;action plan;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;Lynx pardinus;recovery;Recovery plan;Serra da Malcata;status;threats;","IN FILE","110","110","","","","","T-PVS (93) 35","","","","Penamacor, Portugal","","English","","","","","","","The Recovery Plan of the Malcata population must consider as priority the minimization of the mentioned regression causes (habitat destruction, rabbit population decline, man-caused mortality and, probably, population isolation and genetic drift). Increasing the rabbit density in certain important areas and maintaining mediterranean vegetation untouchable in other cover areas, would be the key to the preservation of the lynx population. Conservation education would be a complementary but indispensable measure.","","","","","","","","Castro_&_Amaral_1993_Recovery_plan_for_Iberian_lynx_in_Serra_da_Malcata.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3317","Etosha African lion feces and hair samples acquired July 1995, Parasitology results reported January 1996","","1996  ","","1NA;Etosha;hair trap;Panthera leo;parasite;faecal analysis;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Etosha_lion_feces_and_hair_samples_parasitology.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3318","Speech of Minister of Environment & Tourism at the Cheetah and Lion Workshop 12-17 February 1996","","1996  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;legislation;Panthera leo;politics;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Introductory_speech_at_the_cheetah_and_lion_workshop.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","3319","Lion genetics","Dubach J;","1996  ","","1NA;cytochrome c oxidase;genetic analysis;mtDNA;Panthera leo;Polymerase Chain Reaction;population genetics;lion;genetics;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dubach_1996_Lion_genetics.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3320","Statement by His Excellency President Sam Nujoma on the occasion of the population and habitat viability analysis workshop","","1996 Feb 12 ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;Panthera leo;politics;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Statement_by_President_Nujoma_at_population_and_habitat_viability_workshop.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3321","Overview of past, present and future for Namibia's lions- PHVA","Berry HH;","1996  ","","1NA;distribution;Etosha;Panthera leo;status;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","Namib Research Institute","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Berry_1996_Past_present_and_future_of_Namibias_lions_PHVA.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3322","Draft: A note on snow leopards and local people in Nanggian county, southern Qinghai Province","Harris RB;","1992  ","","4CN;capture;conservation;human-predator conflict;public attitude;Qinghai;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","10","","","","","","International snow leopard symposium 1992","","","","Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Harris_1992_Snow_leopards_and_local_people_in_Nanggian_county.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3323","Toward a free- living snow leopard recovery plan","","1986  ","for the 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium","4IN;CCT;cct_ni;conservation;protected area;Recovery plan;snow leopard;status;threats;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","14","","","","","","","","","India","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","This draft is a first attempt to develop a Snow Leopard Recovery Plan, for consideration at the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium. It is intended as a working base for agencies responsible for snow leopard conservation, research and management. The plan, when thoroughly reviewed and revised, will provide more accurate estimates of snow leopard status and threats, and recommendations concerning actions necessary for the maintenance, enhancement and recovery of the snow leopard in its original habitat.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1986_Toward_a_free-living_snow_leopard_recovery_plan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3324","Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the Trans- Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results","Prasad SM;Chundawat RS;Hunter DO;Panwar HS;Rawat GS;","1991  ","","4IN;conservation;Geographic Information System;habitat;Himalaya;spatial model;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","519","523","","","","","","","","","Dahradun","Wildlife Institute of India","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Prasad_et_al_1991_Remote_sensing_snow_leopard_habitat_in_Trans-Himalaya.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3325","Tiger and Man- the sudarbanstiger as viewed by fishermen and other who eke out their livelihood from the area","Chaudhary AB;Chakrabarti K;","1979  ","","4IN;public attitude;myth;Panthera tigris;report;Sundarban;","IN FILE","129","135","","","","","","International Symposium on Tiger, New Delhi, India, February 22-24, 1979","","","New Delhi, India","Project Tiger","English","","","","","","","Natures masterpiece of creation are the Tigers of Sundarbans. The resourcefulness, intelligence, agility as personified, in such tigers have turned this magical species into a legendary myth. Superstition, and supernatural qualities attributed to the man-eaters, however fictitious they may appear, have their basis in facts. Locating its human prey, silently stalking him in ever closing circles for hours, high degree of intelligence to baffle trap gunner and trappers, diabolical understanding of the human mind, high precision in attacking human beings and crossing rivers, great power in controlling reflexes in mounting a boat, with least rocking, have made it a mythical animal. Blessings are invoked from Dakshin Ray (Tiger God), Narayani Ma, Bandibi, Kalu Khan, Sa Jungli Gazi Sahib prior to entering the forests as it is thought that the animal have supernatural qualities of destruction of human beings who are helpless against its machinations. The authors have presented a series of true stories collected from a vast number of interrogatory data and have depicted the pattern of behaviour and other biological features of the tigers of Sundarbans. The stories narrate exciting encounters with the tigers in the sinister beauty of the wild, swift flowing water, armoured deadliness of the crocodiles gliding noiselessly through water in quest of prey, mating call of the tigress and answering roar of the mate prowling silently along deserted jungle paths. Pathetic stories of honey collectors, fishermen and wood cutters give a grim picture of their struggle for survival against a powerful and cunning beast which is still considered mysterious. Yet these men have observed meticulous silence about their ruthless extermination; rather they wanted to coexist.","","","","","","","","Chaudhary_&_Chakrabarti_1979_Sundarbanstiger_as_viewed_by_fishermen_and_others.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3326","Sundarbans- a unique habitat for tiger- a scientific study","Chakrabarti K;","","","4IN;ecology;habitat;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","141","145","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_-_Sundarbans_a_habitat_for_tiger_a_scientific_study.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3327","Ecology of the Sundarbans tiger with a particular reference to range of habitats and adaptability to changes","Chakrabarti K;","","","4IN;adaptations;ecology;habitat;Panthera tigris;Sundarban;","IN FILE","146","150","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The present observations include the habitat zonations of Sundarbans tigers, soil and water salinity ranges of the habitats and the preponderance of the tiger in such zonations. Sundarbans tiger which have inherent tendency of man eating had also been categorized in different types so far as this peculiar behaviour pattern is concerned so that this may facilitate to throw some light into the ecological traits. Statistics on human casualties due to tiger from 1962-63 up to 1978-79 were analysed statistically to form an idea about the unique behavioural trait for this magnificent cat.","","","","","","","","Chakrabarti_-_Ecology_of_Sundarbans_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3328","A preliminary investigastion into the geographic distribution of the snow leopard","Yanfa L;","1985  ","english - chinese","4IN;age determination;distribution;habitat;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","12","","","","","","","","","","Xining Peoples Park","Chinese/English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yanfa_-_Investigastion_into_geographic_distribution_of_snow_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3329","Occurrance of snow leopards in the Soviet Union","Andriuskevicius A;","","","7SU;distribution;hunting (by human);litter size;mating season;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","49","53","","","","","","","","","Kaunas","Respublinskis Zoologijos Sodas","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Andriuskevicius_-_Occurrance_of_snow_leopards_in_USSR.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3330","The snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in captivity and the 1977 world register","Blomqvist L;","1978  ","","8SF;captivity;litter size;Studbook;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","22","34","","","","","","","","","Helsinki","Helsinki Zoo","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blomqvist_1978_Snow_leopard_in_captivity_and_1977_world_register.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3331","Snow leopard - Imperiled phantom of Central Asia's mountains","Jackson R;","","","4NP;conservation;habitat;taxonomy;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_-_Snow_leopard_imperiled_phantom_of_Central_Asias_mountains.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3332","Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal","Dhungel SK;","","","4NP;breeding;conservation;distribution;feeding behavior;habitat;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","Dept. of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Dhungel_-_Conservation_of_Snow_Leopard_in_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3333","The conservation of the Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Afghanistan","Sayer JA;","1980  ","","5AF;CITES;conservation;distribution;habitat;prey;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","55","61","","","","","","","","","Kabul","UNDP","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Sayer_1980_Conservation_of_Snow_Leopard_in_Afghanistan.pdf","","","",""
"THES","3334","Untersuchungen des Aktivitätsmusters des Luchses Lynx lynx in der Schweiz - Experimente und Felduntersuchungen","Bernhart F;","1990  ","","8CH;activity;behavior;Lynx lynx;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","79","","","","","","","","","","","German","","","","","","","This study on the activity patterns of lynxes in Switzerland shows that lynxes are particularly active at dawn, night and twilight. These patterns depend on feeding behavior, breeding periods of females and rutting season of males.","","","","","","","","Bernhart_1990_Untersuchungen_des_Aktivitaetsmusters_des_Luchses_Lynx_lynx_in_der_Schweiz.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3335","Lion census, May - 1995, Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park","","1995  ","","4IN;population size;Gir;Gir National Park;method;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;","IN FILE","1","9","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1995_Lion_census_Gir_Wildlife_Sanctuary_and_National_Park.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3336","Die anatomischen Verhältnisse am Karpalgelenk des Geparden (Acinonyx jubaus), verglichen mit jenen der Hauskatze (Felid catus)","Kunzel W;Probst A;","1999  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;anatomy;carpal joint;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;","IN FILE","177","182","","Anat Histol Embryol ","","","28","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kunzel_&_Probst_1999_Die_anatomischen_Verhaeltnisse_am_Karpalgelenk.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3337","Draft: Wildlife Conservation in the Sundarbans","Blower JH;","1985  ","","4IN;conservation;ecosystem;management;Panthera tigris;poaching;Sundarban;wildlife;","IN FILE","1","25","","","","","","","","","Dhaka","Sundarbans Forest Inventory Project","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Blower_1985_Wildlife_Conservation_in_the_Sundarbans.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3338","1997 Annual report - Conservation strategy for the long-term survival of cheetah in Namibia","Marker L;","1997  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;conservation strategy;telemetry;research;survival;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","Windhoek","Cheetah Conservation Fund","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker_1997_Annual_report_conservation_strategy_for_cheetah_in_Namibia.pdf ","","","",""
"RPRT","3339","1994 Annual Report- Conservation Strategy for the long-term survival of cheetah in Namibia","Marker-Kraus L;Kraus D;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;conservation strategy;monitoring;telemetry;","IN FILE","1","13","","","","","","","","","Windhoek","Cheetah Conservation Fund","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_&_Kraus_1994_Annual_report_Conservation_strategy_for_cheetah_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3340","Toward a cheetah concervancy in Namibia","Braun E;","1993  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;human-predator conflict;protection;","IN FILE","3","8","Endangered Wildlife","","","","14","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Braun_1993_Toward_a_cheetah_concervancy_in_Namibia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3341","Conservation strategies for the long-time survival of the Cheetah by the Cheetah Conservation Fund","Marker-Kraus L;Kraus D;","1997  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;capture;CCT;cct_ni;cheetah;competition;conflict;conservation;conservation strategy;ecosystem;endangered species;farming;habitat;human;human-wildlife conflict;livestock;management;population;prey;status;survival;techniques;threats;","IN FILE","59","66","International Zoo Yearbook","","","","35","","","","","","English","","","","","","","The Cheetah Acinonyx juhatus is declining throughout its range because of loss of habitat, a declining prey base and competition with livestock interests. Throughout Africa there are less than 15 000 animals remaining. The largest wild population of Cheetahs is in Namibia, although in the last 12 years numbers have been reduced by half to c. 2500 animals. Significant declines have continued as farmers capture and remove Cheetahs as 'pests'. Established in 1990, the Cheetah Conservation Fund aims to secure habitats for the long-term survival of the species and its ecosystems. The primary focus of the Fund is working outside of the protected reserves with the local livestock farming communities to develop ways to reduce conflict between humans and Cheetahs. The Fund also conducts independent and collaborative research, disseminates information and recommends management techniques to farmers.","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_&_Kraus_1997_Conservation_strategies_for_the_survival_of_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3342","Reassessing the relationship between juvenile mortality and genetic monomorphorism in captive cheetahs","Wielebnowski N;","1996  ","","3US;Acinonyx jubatus;captive breeding;homozygosity;husbandry;juvenile mortality;research;","IN FILE","353","369","Zoo Biology","","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Wielebnowski_1996_Juvenile_Mortality_in_Captive_Cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3343","Newsletter","Marker-Kraus L;","1995  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;guard dog;translocation;","IN FILE","1","6","Cheetah Conservation Fund","","","","4","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_1995_Newsletter.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3344","The sustainable use of the cheetah for the enhancement of the species- Annual General Meeting of the Namibian Professional Hunters Assocation","Marker-Kraus L;Kraus D;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;conservation;ecosystem;survival;sustainable use;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Marker-Kraus_&_Kraus_1994_Sustainable_use_of_the_cheetah.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3345","NAPHA- Raspeto meeting","Hain J;","1994  ","","1NA;Acinonyx jubatus;CCF;hunting (by human);","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hain_1994_NAPHA-_Raspeto_meeting.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3346","(Lion skull measurements)","Johnsingh AJT;","1996  ","","4IN;measurement;method;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;skull;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Johnsingh_1996_Lion_skull_biometrics.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3347","Project Tiger, India- Guidelines for declaration of bigger cats as man- eater","Bhandari R;","","","4IN;human-predator conflict;maneater;Panthera pardus;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","1","4","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bhandari_-_Declaration_of_bigger_cats_as_maneater.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3348","Actions needed to overcome leopard-human conflict situation in the United Arab Emirates","Khan A;","","","5AE;human-predator conflict;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus nimr;","IN FILE","1","3","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khan_-_Overcome_leopard-human_conflict_situation_in_UAE.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3349","On a historical occurrence of the Lion, Panthera leo, in Turkey","Kasparek M;","1986  ","","8TR;extinction;Middle East;Panthera leo;zoogeography;","IN FILE","9","10","Zoology in the Middle East","","","","1","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kasparek_1986_Historical_occurrence_of_the_Lion_in_Turkey.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3350","Wildlife ecology in the Gir","Futehally Z;","","","4IN;ecology;Gir;Panthera leo;Panthera leo persica;wildlife;","IN FILE","92","94","","","(unknown)","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Futehally_-_Wildlife_ecology_in_the_Gir.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3351","Revised preliminary report (1st revision) of the status of the Arabian leopard","Gasperetti J;Jackson P;","","","5SA;conservation;Panthera pardus;status;","IN FILE","1","15","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gasperetti_&_Jackson_-_Report_on_the_status_of_Arabian_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"INPR","3352","Demography of lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia","Stander PE;","1991  ","","1NA;Etosha;Panthera leo;population dynamics;","IN FILE","","","Madoqua","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Stander_1991_Demography_of_lions_in_Etosha_NP.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3353","Etosha African lion feces and hair samples acquired July 1995 Parasitology results reported January 1996","","1996  ","","1NA;Etosha;hair sample;Panthera leo;parasite;sampling;faeces;","IN FILE","86","88","Animal Health","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1996_Etosha_lion_feces_and_hair_samples_parasitology_results.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3354","Survey for the Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, in Balochistan province, Pakistan","Husain T;","2001  ","Final report to Cat-Cat Action Treasury","5PK;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;Balochistan;Felidae;status;survey;","IN FILE","1","39","","","","","","","","","","Barbara Delano Foundation","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Husain_2001_Survey_for_Asiatic_cheetah_in_Pakistan.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3355","The environmental limitations and future of the Asiatic cheetah in Iran","Asadi H;","1997  ","","5IR;Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus venaticus;conservation;distribution;environment;future;","IN FILE","1","30","","","","","","","","","Tehran","Cat Specialist Group","English","","","","","","","The present range and distribution of the cheetah in Iran is a response to a wide range of factors, including security, food acquisition and breeding. These are the key forces driving Asiatic cheetahs towards largely unpopulated true desert, which certainly does not support high densities of ungulates. Their range and numbers have been reduced to their lowest within 30 years. It is difficult at this stage to explain things easily without quantification of the ecological, political, social and cultural factors involved. The cheetahs retreat to unsuitable habitats may be a temporary insurance against extiction but it is important to protect the area now.","","","","","","","","Asadi_1997_Environmental_limitations_and_future_of_Asiatic_cheetah_in_Iran.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3356","Development and cross-species amplification of 18 microsatellite markers in the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)","Williamson JE;Huebinger RM;Sommer JA;Louis EE;Barber RC;","2002  ","","genetics;microsatellite;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris sumatrae;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Sumatra tiger;tiger;","IN FILE","110","112","Molecular Ecology Notes","","","","2","","","","","","English","","","","","","","Eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci from the highly endangered Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were isolated and characterized. Upon polymerase chain reaction amplification, 16 of these markers produced a single, sharp band in all three tiger and 10 non-tiger felid species examined. Of the two remaining loci, 6HDZ057 and 6HDZ635 failed to amplify genomic DNA from puma (Felis concolor) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), respectively. The amplification of these markers across four genera is an indication of their usefulness for population genetics studies and conservation work in a wide range of felid species.","","","","","","","","Williamson_et_al_2002_Microsatellite_markers_in_the_Sumatran_tiger.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3357","Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","","1995  ","Appendices: in RefID 1, 3061, 3241 & 3358 to 3366","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;management;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1","38","","","","","","Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Killmar_&_Grisham_1995_Cheetah_SSPs_ Workshop_on_FIV_CIV_FIP.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3358","Nucleotide sequence analysis of puma lentivirus (PLV-14): Genomic organization and relationship to other lentiviruses","Langley Rj;Hirsch VM;O'Brien SJ;Adger-Johnson D;Goeken RM;Olmsted RA;","1994  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;DNA analysis;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;genetics;I-PCR;lentivirus;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","853","864","Virology","","","","202","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Langley_et_al_1994_Puma_lentivirus_sequence.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3359","In vitro mitogen responses and lymphocyte subpopulations in cheetahs","MIller-Edge MA;Worley MB;","1991  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;Acinonyx jubatus jubatus;CIV;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;genetic uniformity;immune response;immune system;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","337","349","Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology","","","","28","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Miller-Edge_&_Worley_1991_Immune_response_in_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3360","How well do serodiagnostic tests predict the infection or disease status of cats?","Jacobson RH;","1991  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;disease;Felidae;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;infection;serodiagnostics;seroprevalence;status;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1343","1347","JAVMA","","","","199","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","10","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jacobson_1991_Reliability_of_serodiagnostic_tests_in_cats.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3361","Feline immunodeficiency virus infection in nondomestic felids","Barr MC;Calle PP;Roelke ME;Scott FW;","1989  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;disease;Felidae;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;infection;lentivirus;retrovirus;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","265","272","Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","","","","20","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","3","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has been detected by serologic methods in several species of nondomestic felids, both in captive and free-ranging populations. Antibody to FIV was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test; positive tests were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblot procedures. Infected animals included two snow leopards (Panthera uncia), one lion (P. leo), and one jaguar (P. onca) from the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, and one white tiger (P. tigris) and one lion from a separate facility. Six free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) and one bobcat (F. rufus floridanus) from the Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve and nearby areas in southern Florida were also found to be infected. A tentative correlation between FIV seropositivity and clinical disease could be made in some of these animals; the presence of FIV infection thus may complicate the already difficult management of several endangered cat species.","","","","","","","","Barr_et_al_1989_FIV_infection_in_nondomestic_felids.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3362","There is nothing permanent except change. The emergence of new virus diseases","Truyen U;Parrish CR;Harder TC;Kaaden O;","1995  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;disease;epidemics;epizootic;evolution;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","103","122","Veterinary Microbiology","","","","43","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","The sudden appearance of apparently new viruses with pathogenic potential is of fundamental importance in medical microbiology and a constant threat to humans and animals. The emergence of a 'new' pathogen is not an isolated event, as for instance the frequent appearance of new influenza virus strains demonstrates. Often the new virus strains co-circulate with the older strains in a susceptible population, but a replacement of the older strains has been als observed. In rare instances the new viruses can cause dramatic epidemies or pandemics, such as those observed with the human immunodeficiency virus, canine parvovirus, or most recently, with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalogathy in the United Kingdom. The mechanisms of the emergence are not always clearly understood, but an altered host range appears to be a common event. Whether a true change in host range occurs, or whether the virus adapted to the host and replicated mroe efficiently, is often unknown. This review tries to summarize the facts that are known about a wide variety of 'new' viruses of mammals, such as the simian, human and feline lentiviruses, the feline coronaviruses, the feline parvoviruses, the carnivore morbilliviruses, the influenza A viruses, and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. A particular emphasis will be put on the genetic mechanisms that might have taken place and that might have been responsible for their sudden appearance.","","","","","","","","Truyen_et_al_1995_Emergence_of_new_virus_diseases.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3363","A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects","Brown EW;Yuhki N;Packer C;O'Brien SJ;","1994  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;epidemics;evolution;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;lentivirus;Panthera leo;phylogeny;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","5953","5968","Journal of Virology","","","","68","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","9","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a novel lentivirus that is genetically homologous and functionally analogous to the human AIDS viruses, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. FIV causes immuno-suppression in domestic cats by destroying the CD4 T-lymphocyte subsets in infected hosts. A serological survey of over 400 free-ranging African and Asian lions (Panthera leo) for antibodies to FIV revealed endemic lentivirus prevalence with an incidence of seropositivity as high as 90 %. A lion lentivirus (FIV-Ple) was isolated by infection of lion lymphocytes in vitro. Seroconversion was documented in two Serengeti lions, and discordance of mother-cub serological status argues against maternal transmission (in favor of horizontal spread) as a major route of infection among lions. A phylogenetic analysis of cloned FIV-Ple pol gene sequences from 27 lions from four African populations (from the Serengeti reserve, Ngorongoro Crater, Lake Manyara, and Kruger Park) revealed remarkably high intra- and interindividual genetic diversity at the sequence level. Three FIV-Ple phylogenetic clusters or clades were resolved with phenetic, parsimony, and likelihood analytical procedures. The three clades, which occurred not only together in the same population but throughout Africa, were as divergent from each other as were homologous pol sequences of lentivirus isolated from distinct feline species, i.e., puma and domestic cat. The FIV-Ple clades, however, were more closely related to each other than to other feline lentiviruses (monophyletic for lion species), suggesting that the ancestors of FIV-Ple evolved in allopatric (geographically isolated) lion populations that converged recently. To date, there is no clear evidence of FIV-Ple-associated pathology, raising the possibility of a historic genetic accommodation of the lion lentivirus and its host leading to a coevolved host-parasite symbiosis (or commensalism) in the population similar to that hypothesized for endemic simian immunodeficiency virus without pathology in free-ranging African monkey species.","","","","","","","","Brown_et_al_1994_Lion_lentivirus_related_to_FIV.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3364","Prevalence of exposure to feline immunodeficiendy virus in exotic felid species","Brown EW;Miththapala S;O'Brien SJ;","1993  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;epidemics;Felidae;Feline infectious peritonitis;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;FIV;lentivirus;Panthera leo;Puma concolor;seroprevalence;virus;","IN FILE","357","364","Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","","","","24","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","3","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a novel lentivirus that causes T-cell deficiency in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Recent studies have revealed the existence of antigenically similar lentiviruses in a large number of nondomestic felid species. We summarize here a comprehensive serological survey for FIV cross-reactive antibodies in free-ranging and captive felid populations. Serum or plasma samples from 1,645 animals representing 20 felid species were screened by western blot analysis for exposure to one or more lentiviral proteins. Feline lentiviruses were confirmed to be endemic in several East and South African populations of lion (Panthera leo). Exposures was also detected in nearly all of the natural North American puma (Felis concolor) populations surveyed. Antibodies to FIV were also found in a free-ranging population of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Lentivirus presence among captive exotic cats in the United States and abroad appears to be sporadic and infrequent. Because FIV is endemic in certain natural populations and absent in others, these data suggest that lentivirus infection postdated the geographic separation of felid populations; and therefore, spread of the virus into other seronegative populations may now be restricted by natural geographical barriers.","","","","","","","","Brown_et_al_1993_Feline_immunodeficiency_virus.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3365","Exposure to FIV and FIPV in wild and captive cheetahs","Brown EW;Olmsted RA;Martenson JS;O'Brien SJ;","1993  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;coronavirus;epidemics;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;lentivirus;retrovirus;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","135","142","Zoo Biology","","","","12","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","1","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","Two RNA-containing viruses, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), have been observed to infect cheetahs. Although both viruses cause lethal immunogenetic pathology in domestic cats, only FIPV has documented pathogenesis in cheetahs. We summarize and update here a worldwide survey of serum and plasma from cheetah and other nondomestic felids for antibodies to FIV and FIPV, based on Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. FIPV exposure shows an acute pattern with recognizable outbreaks in several zoological facilities, but is virtually nonexistent in sampled free-ranging populations of cheetahs. FIV is more endemic in certain natural cheetah populations, but infrequent in zoological collections. FIV exposure was also seen in lions, bobcats, leopards, snow leopards, and jaguars. FIV causes T-cell lymphocyte depletion and associated diseases in domestic cats, but there is little direct evidence for FIV pathology in exotic cats to date. Because of the parallels with a high incidence of simian immunodeficiency virus in free-ranging African primates without disease, the cat model may also reflect historic infections that have approached an evolutionary balance between the pathogen and immune defenses of their feline host species.","","","","","","","","Brown_et_al_1993_Exposure_of_cheetahs_to_FIV_and_FIPV.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3366","Titers, tests, and truisms: rational interpredation of diagnostic serologic testing","Tyler JW;Cullor JS;","1989  ","in RefID 3357","Acinonyx jubatus;CIV;disease;evaluation;Feline infectious peritonitis;FIV;serodiagnostics;veterinary;virus;","IN FILE","1550","1558","JAVMA","","","","194","in: Proceedings of the Cheetah SSP's Workshop on Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV), Cheetah Immunodeficiency Virus (CIV) and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), March 26-28, 1995","Killmar L;Grisham J;","11","San Diego, Oklahoma","Zoological Society of San Diego, Oklahoma City Zoological Park","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Tyler_&_Cullor_1989_Rational_interpretation_of_diagnostic_serologic_testing.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3367","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportExecutive Summary, Contents & Acknowledgements","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","includes RefIDs 3368 to 3374","3NAm;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;endangered species;Felidae;wild cat;report;cats;cat;North America;America;information;status;distribution;threats;threat;wild;workshop;habitat;habitat requirements;population;","IN FILE","1","5, 64","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","Summary of the NWF Report Endangered Cats of North America. This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of North American wild cats, and offers recommendations for their conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save wild cat populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Summary.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3368","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportCommon issues in north American cat conservation","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;America;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;endangered species;Felidae;habitat;habitat requirements;information;North America;population;report;status;threat;threats;wild;wild cat;workshop;","IN FILE","6","17","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on threats to North American wild cats, and offers recommendations for improved conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save wild cat populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Cat_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3369","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportConservation needs and recommendations: Florida Panther","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;America;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;endangered species;Florida;habitat;habitat requirements;North America;Puma concolor;Puma concolor coryi;report;status;threat;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","18","25","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of Florida Panthers, and offers recommendations for their conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save Florida Panther populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Florida_Panther.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3370","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportConservation needs and recommendations: Ocelot & Jaguarundi","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;America;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat requirements;Herpailurus yaguarondi;information;jaguarundi;Leopardus pardalis;Leopardus wiedi;margay;North America;ocelot;population;report;status;threat;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","26","33","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of Ocelot and Jaguarundi in North America, and offers recommendations for their conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save wild cat populations and their habitats. A brief description of the situation of the margay is also included in the document.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Ocelot_and_Jaguarundi.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3371","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportConservation needs and recommendations: Jaguar","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;America;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;habitat requirements;information;jaguar;North America;Panthera onca;population;report;status;threat;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","34","39","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of jaguars in North America, and offers recommendations for their conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save jaguar populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Jaguar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3372","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportConservation needs and recommendations: Canada lynx","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;America;bobcat;Canada lynx;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;habitat;habitat protection;habitat requirements;Lynx canadensis;Lynx rufus;North America;population dynamics;reintroduction;report;status;threat;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","40","49","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of the Canada lynx, and offers recommendations for its conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save Canada lynx populations and their habitats. There is also a section with recommendations for the management of bobcats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Canada_lynx.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3373","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportConservation needs and recommendations: Cougars","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;Colorado;conservation;conservation strategy;cougar;distribution;endangered species;habitat;habitat fragmentation;habitat requirements;human-predator conflict;hunting;Puma concolor;status;subspecies;threat;threats;","IN FILE","50","59","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document contains information on status, distribution, habitat requirements, and threats of North American cougars, and offers recommendations for their conservation. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save cougar populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Cougar.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3374","Endangered Cats of North America - Wildcat NWF ReportNWF Recommendations","Murdock E;Harrison R;Frank A;Bonnardeaux D;","2001  ","in RefID 3367","3NAm;cat;cats;CCT;cct_cs;conservation;conservation strategy;distribution;endangered species;Felidae;habitat;habitat requirements;report;status;threat;threats;workshop;","IN FILE","60","63","","","","","","","Flocken J;","","Washington, DC","National Wildlife Federation","English","","","","","","","This document makes part of the NWF Report 'Endangered Cats of North America' and offers recommendations for the conservation of wild cat populations. It reflects the recommendations made by an international expert group during the Endangered Cats of North America workshop in 2000. It is intended to inform decision makers and interested public on how to save wild cat populations and their habitats.","","","","","","","","Murdock_et_al_2001_Wildcat_NWF_Report_Recommendations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3375","Unnatural selection - Genetic engineering is potentially the most extreme and blatant form of animal exploitation","Rifkin CG;","1992  ","","culture;ethics;genetically modified organisms;genetics;public attitude;","IN FILE","10","11","Animals International","","","","","","","Spring 1992","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rifkin_1992_Unnatural_selection.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3376","Estudio preliminar del gato andino (Oreailurus jacobita) en el noroeste del Argentina","Perovic PG;Walker RS;Novaro AJ;","1999  ","","2AR;conservation;diet;distribution;foraging behavior;Oreailurus jacobitus;threat;","IN FILE","1","5","","","","","","","","","","","Spanish","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Perovic_et_al_1999_Estudio_preliminar_del_gato_andino_en_el_noroeste_del_Argentina.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3377","Le chien de protection: une nouvelle méthode pour protéger les troupeaux?","Landry J;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Canis familiaris;livestock damage;livestock damage prevention;Ovis aries;protection;","IN FILE","7","8","Forum Kleinwiederkäuer","","","","","","","5","","","French","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Landry_1998_Le_chien_de_protection_-_une_nouvelle_methode_pour_proteger_les_troupeaux.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3378","Review: Riding the Tiger: Tiger conservation in human-dominated landscapes","Gittleman JL;","2000  ","","45Asia;4IN;conservation;conservation strategy;human-predator conflict;landscape;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","","","Animal Conservation","","","","3","","","May","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Gittleman_2000_Review_Riding_the_Tiger.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3379","Tiger Conservation Action Plan for the Kingdom of Nepal","","1999  ","RefID:6258 is a revised version of this plan","4NP;action plan;Bengal tiger;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;local participation;Panthera tigris;poaching;status;threats;tiger;WWF;","IN FILE","1","30","","","","","","","","","Nepal","Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationMinistry of Forests and Soil Conservation, His Majesty's Government of NepalWWF Nepal Program","English","","","","","","","The goal of this Tiger Conservation Action Plan is to preserve, recognize, restore, and increase the effective land base that supports Royal Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Nepal, in order to maintain a viable tiger population. The premise of this action plan is that ecosystem management, with an emphasis on building partnerships with local people, is crucial for maintaining tiger habitats outside protected areas. An outline of tiger biology, status, historical distribution, and threats in Nepal is given. The plan contains rationales, which identify research and conservation priorities, and defines measurable outputs describing the outcome of associated activities aimed at achieving the rationales and the goal.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1999_Tiger_conservation_action_plan_for_Nepal.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3380","Genetic structure of lions (Panthera leo L.) in the Selous Game Reserve: implications for the evolution of sociality","Spong G;Stone J;Creel S;Björklund M;","2002  ","","1TZ;behavior;dispersal;evolution;genetic structure;genetics;lion;mating behavior;microsatellite;Panthera leo;relatedness;Selous;social organization;sociality;","IN FILE","945","953","Journal of Evolutionary Biology","","","","15","","","","","","English","","","","","","","We use 14 microsatellites to examine the genetic structure of a lion (Panthera leo L.) population in southern Tanzania. Heterozygosity levels were high (0.75 ± 0.08). Relatedness estimates showed that prides often had close relatives in neighbouring prides, whereas few relatives were found in prides not sharing a border. The drop-off in relatedness with distance was highly significant. Female pridemates exhibited a higher mean relatedness (0.26 ± 0.07) to one another than did pride males (0.11 ± 0.07). Mean relatedness among females was significantly higher in small prides than in large ones. Prides exhibited significant inbreeding avoidance (FIL: -0.11). Mating did not detectably differ from random across prides (FIT: -0.02 ns). In addition to being recognizable behavioural and demographic units, prides were statistically distinct genetic units (FLT: 0.07). Some neighbouring prides grouped together both geographically and genetically, forming 'superprides' in the population (FZT = 0.05). Thus, although individual prides were genetically distinct, there was an important genetic structure above the level of social groups.","","","","","","","","Spong_et_al_2002_Lion_genetic_structure_and_social_groups.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3381","Snow leopard conservancy Progress Report","Jackson RM;Hillard D;","2001  ","","4CN;4IN;4NP;Ladakh;monitoring;public education;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","1","6","","","","","","","","","","Snow leopard conservancy","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_&_Hillard_2001_Snow_leopard_conservancy_Progress_Report.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3382","'Acronimish' glossary of global and regional programs(reprinted from the CBSG Newsletter)","","1993  ","","Conservation Assessment and Management Plan;Global Animal Survival Plan;Global Captive Action Plan;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;Regional Strategic Collection Plan;","IN FILE","25","26","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","October 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Glossary_of_global_and_regional_programs.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3383","Dictionary of Acronyms","","1994  ","","abreviation;acronyms;dictionary;","IN FILE","","","Wildlife Information Network Newsletter","","","","1","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1994_Dictionary_of_Acronyms.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3384","A natural deer repellent: chemistry and behaviour","Abbott DH;Baines DA;Faulkes CG;Jennens DC;Ning PCYK;Tomlinson AJ;","1991  ","","anti-predator behavior;chemical signals;deer;management;olfactory;Panthera leo;predator;prevention;repelling;faeces;Vertebrates;","IN FILE","161","173","","","","","","Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5","MacDonald DW;Müller-Schwarz D;Natynczuk SE;","","Oxford","Oxford University Press","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Abbott_et_al_1991_A_natural_deer_repellent.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3385","Ghost in the snow","Oli M;","1994  ","","behavior;predator-human conflict;status;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","30","34","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","August 1994","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Oli_1994_Ghost_in_the_snow.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3386","Search for genes that make man's best friend","Katz Miller S;","1993 Jun 26 ","","Canis familiaris;captive breeding;genetics;","IN FILE","5","5","New Scientist","","","","","","","26 June 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Katz_Miller_1993_Genetics_of_dog.pdf","","","",""
"PAMP","3387","Snow leopard in Mongolia","","2001  ","","4MN;action plan;CCT;cct_ap;conservation;distribution;fur trade;habitat;habitat destruction;management;poaching;snow leopard;status;threats;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","","","","","","","","","","","Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","WWF Mongolia Country Office, International Snow Leoapard Trust","English","","","","","","","This documents contains a review of the snow leopard's distribution, status and habitat in Mongolia, describes threats and conservation needs of the species, and outlines presently implemented actions. Five major threats are identified: 1) Poaching 2) loss of prey 3) degradation, fragmentation and loss of habitat 4) conflict with herders 5) lack of public awareness. Actions to mitigate the five major threats are recommended and future conservation priorities are set.","","","","","","","","Anonymous_2001_Snow_leopard_in_Mongolia.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3388","Adaptive chaos and AIDS","O'Brien SJ;Mann DL;","1992  ","","AIDS;epidemics;evolution;genetics;HIV;virus;","IN FILE","203","205","Current Biology","","","","2","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_&_Mann_1992_Adaptive_chaos_and_AIDS.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3389","Ghetto legacy","O'Brien SJ;","1991  ","","78Eur;epidemics;genetics;Homo sapiens;Tay-Sachs disease;","IN FILE","209","211","Current Biology","","","","1","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1991_Ghetto_legacy.pdf","","","",""
"UNPB","3390","Observations on the skull of an Asian lion, Panthera leo persica","Kitchener AC;","","","4IN;biometrics;Panthera leo;observation;Panthera leo persica;skull;","IN FILE","1","7","","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kitchener_-_Observations_on_the_skull_of_an_Asian_lion.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3391","The fatty acid composition of the liver and brain of southern African cheetahs","Davidson BC;Morsbach D;Cantrill RC;","1986  ","","Acinonyx jubatus;brain;fatty acid;liver;veterinary;","IN FILE","97","99","","Prog Lipid Res ","","","25","","","","","","English","","","","","","","To date, no information is available on the fatty acid composition of cheetah liver and brain, nor have any comparisons been made between captive-fed and wild cheetah. The fatty acid compositions of the tissues of other members of the family Felinae have been published previously. However, the cheetah does not belong to the same genus as those species, and thus the fatty acid pattern may be different. For many years, it has been known that the plant derived polyenoic fatty acids, linoleic acid and á-linolenic acid, are essential dietary components for mammals. It has been shown that at least two species of the Carnivora (the lion - Panthera leo and the domestic cat - Felis cattus) lack the enzyme 6-desaturase and thus, the ability to further desaturate these two fatty acids to produce their metabolically important derivatives. However, the polyenoics produced are required by both species. In order to satisfy the requirement for these fatty acids, other animals must be consumed, hence these animals are true obligate carnivores. The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) exhibits many adaptive differences from both the above species, and many show other differences from the rest of the Felinae other than the obvious anatomical ones. Thus, the possibility exists for an active 6-desaturase enzyme in cheetahs, although tentative evidence to the contrary does exist. In this study, the livers and brains of 2 adult male cheetahs were obtained after the animals had been culled in SWA/Namibia. The liver of 1 aged male cheetah from de Wildt, Transvaal also became available. The animals from SWA/Namibia had not been in captivity as far as was possible to ascertain, thus it was assumed that their diet had consisted predominantly of non-domesticated prey. It has been shown that wild cheetah only eat freshly killed animals and do not return to a kill, thus the lipids obtained are completely fresh and the chances of fatty acid degradation are minimal. The de Wildt animal, however, had been fed in captivity for a long period of time, in fact most of its life, and thus had subsisted on lipids from tissues in a state of partial degradation. The possibility of fatty acid deterioration must therefore be considered in relation to this animal.","","","","","","","","Davidson_1986_Fatty_acid_composition_in_African_cheetahs.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3392","In the name of purity - when is ar rare species not a rare species","Bridle J;","1997 Aug 30 ","","biodiversity;endangered species;vulnerability;","IN FILE","45","45","New Scientist","","","","","","","30 August 1997","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bridle_1997_In_the_name_of_purity.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3393","The freedom continuesA new home for George Adamson's lion cubs","Patterson G;","1991  ","","1BW;cub;hunting behavior;Panthera leo;pre-release training;reintroduction;","IN FILE","123","125","African Wildlife","","","","45","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Patterson_1991_A_new_home_for_George_Adamsons_lion_cubs.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3394","Interesting Shikar Trophies: Hunting Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber)","van Ingen E;Van Ingen;","1948  ","","4KP;4KR;Acinonyx jubatus;hunting (by human);","IN FILE","718","720","Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society","","","","47","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Ingen_&_van_Ingen_1948_Cheetah_hunting.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3395","Possible occurrence of cougar near Fort Smith, N.W.T.","Kuyt E;","1971  ","","3CA;Puma concolor;North Western Territories;record;Wood Buffalo National Park;","IN FILE","142","143","Blue Jay","","","","29","","","3","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Kuyt_1971_Possible_occurrence_of_cougar_near_Fort_Smith.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3396","DNA deepfreeze","Bruford MW;","1998  ","","conservation;conservation strategy;DNA;DNA technique;endangered species;extinction;","IN FILE","15","15","Lifewatch","","Life Watch","","","","","Spring 98","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Bruford_1998_DNA_deepfreeze.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3397","MHC Genes of the domestic cat","Yuhki N;Winkler CA;O'Brien SJ;","1991  ","","domestic cat;Felis catus;Felis silvestris catus;genetics;Major Histocompatibility Complex;","IN FILE","348","367","","","","","","Immunogenetics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex","Srivastava R;Ram BP;Tyle P;","12","New York","VCH Publishers","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yuhki_et_al_1991_MHC_Genes_of_the_domestic_cat.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3398","Melanin, nutrition and the lion's mane","Hill GE;McGraw KJ;","2003  ","Letters to the Editor; Response by West & Packer on the same page","lion;mane;nutrition;Panthera leo;","IN FILE","660","","Science","","","","299","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Hill_&_McGraw_2003_Melanin_nutrition_and_the_lions_mane.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3399","Kalahari Transfrontier Lion Project - Population ecology and long term monitoring of a free-ranging popuation in an arid environment","Funston PJ;","2001  ","includes RefIDs 3400- 3410","1BW;1ZA;ecology;environment;free-ranging;human-predator conflict;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;monitoring;population;project;","IN FILE","I","XV","","","","","","","","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Kalahari_Transfrontier_Lion_Project.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3400","General IntroductionKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;status;free-ranging;human-predator conflict;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;legislation;Panthera leo;monitoring;project;","IN FILE","1","11","","","","","Chapter 1","","","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Kalahari_Transfrontier_Lion_Project_-_Introduction.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3401","Population-ecology and demography of lions in the Kgalagadi Trasfrontier Park - adaptations and prospects of survival in a harsh environmentKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;Hermann E;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;adaptations;dispersal;environment;home range;human-predator conflict;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;monitoring;mortality;density;population dynamics;population trend;project;status;survival;","IN FILE","12","35","","","","","Chapter 2","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_&_Hermann_2001_Ecology_and_demography_of_lions_in_Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3402","Spoor frequency estimates as a method of determining lion and other large mammal densities in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier ParkKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;Hermann E;Babupi P;Kruiper A;Kruiper H;Jaggers H;Masule K;Kruiper K;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;density;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;method;monitoring;population size;project;track survey;","IN FILE","36","52","","","","","Chapter 3","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_et_al_2001_Spoor_frequency_estimates_to_determine_large_mammal_densities.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3403","Population dynamics of lions in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: Modelling the effect of human-caused mortalityKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Hermann E;Van Vuuren J;Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;human impact;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;modelling;mortality;population;population dynamics;project;","IN FILE","53","75","","","","","Chapter 4","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","An age-structured demographic model was developed to determine the long-term viability of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park lion (Panthera leo) population that is subjected to persecution along the park boundaries. In so doing sustainable persecution rates were established, so that effective conservation measure can be taken, if required, to ensure the continued survival of the species in the park. The deterministic spreadsheet model incorporated a total of five amalgamated prides, with a starting population comprising 24 adult females. Only females were modelled, as these are the more crucial component ensuring survival of K-strategists.","","","","","","","","Hermann_et_al_2001_Population_dynamics_of_lions_in_the_KTP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3404","Genetic status and a population viability and habitat analysis of lions in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier ParkKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Harley V;Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;genetics;habitat;habitat analysis;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;Population and Habitat Viability Analysis;population;population dynamics;project;Population Viability Analysis;status;VORTEX;","IN FILE","76","95","","","","","Chapter 5","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","A computer population viability and habitat analysis (PVHA) program, VORTEX, was used to evaluate the effect of several impact scenarios on the long-term viability of the KPT lion population, and in so doing helped develop a scientifically based management plan. This analysis was designed to look at the whole KTP population, more specifically the current genetic status and how this is likely to be influenced by anthropogenic factors. A sample of ten lions showed allozyme intermediate between those of Kruger and Etosha National Parks. This degree of genetic heterozygosity and the fairly large population size, suggest that the KTP lion population is currently genetically very healthy, and should continue to be so in the foreseeable future.We asked how the viability of populations changed if carrying capacity was reduced over longer periods. We investigated how persistence of populations changed if completely isolated and exposed to inbreeding depression. The third factor considered was the harvesting of the current population. The current male biased sex ratio in cubs was the last factor considered. The results indicate that extinction of the population within 100 years is not likely in the majority of scenarios tested.","","","","","","","","Harley_&_Funston_2001_Genetics_and_PHVA_of_lions_in_the_KTP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3405","Disease status of lions in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa/BotswanaKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;Alexander KA;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;disease;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;project;status;veterinary;","IN FILE","96","106","","","","","Chapter 6","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_&_Alexander_2001_Disease_status_of_lions_in_the_KTP.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3406","The extirpation of large mammals and implications for montane forest conservation: the case of the Kilum-ljim forest, North-West Province, Cameroon","Maisels F;Keming E;Kemei M;Toh C;","2001  ","","1CM;bushmeat;conservation;extinction;forest;Kilum-Ijim forest;Leptailurus serval;Mammalia;Panthera leo;Panthera pardus;seed dispersal;abstract;review;fauna;mountains;mammals;ecology;observation;interview;literature;habitat;rodents;area;elephant;population;population density;density;longterm;monkey;ecosystem;human;human population;project;forestry;","IN FILE","322","331","Oryx","","","","35","","","4","","","English","","","","","","","Abstract A review was carried out of the mammalian fauna of the Kilum-Ijim forest in the mountains of northwest Cameroon. The purpose was to examine the loss of species, particularly of larger mammals, and the implications of this for forest ecology. Information was collected by direct observation, hunter interviews and a literature review. The forest is the largest remaining representative fragment of the West African montane forest habitat. Seventy-seven species of mammal have been recorded in the forest over the last 50 years. Most are small, especially rodents, bats and insectivores. Seven species are endemic to the Kilum-Ijim area. The process of species extirpation probably began over 100 years ago with the loss of the mega-fauna, possibly beginning with elephant Loxodonta africana (several generations ago), and certainly with buffalo Syncerus caffer (at least 20 years ago), and other large mammals. Remaining large mammal population densities are very low and many species are close to regional extinction. The long-term consequences of these extinctions is uncertain but, as many tree species are monkey- or ruminant-dispersed, severe ecosystem damage has probably already occurred. Human population density in the area is around 300 people per sq km, and no sustainable offtake of wild animals will ever be possible that would provide more than a few grams of meat per person per year from the forest. The protein requirements of the communities of the area will have to continue to be supplied from domesticated stock. Since 1987 the Kilum-Ijim Forest Project of BirdLife International has been working to conserve the remaining forest, using a community forestry approach in collaboration with traditional and local authorities and the government of Cameroon. The project is investigating ways to improve the production of domestic animals outside the forest boundary.","","","","","","","","Maisels_et_al_2001_Mammals_of_the_Kilum-Ijim_forests.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3407","A questionnaire-based survey of farming areas surrounding the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: The extent of conflict between large carnivores and domestic livestockKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Hermann E;Funston PJ;Babupi P;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;conflict;farming;human-predator conflict;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;livestock;livestock damage;project;survey;","IN FILE","107","136","","","","","Chapter 7","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","This report synthesises the results of an intensive survey of the diverse farming communities surrounding the Kgalagadi Park (KTP), Botswana/South Africa, investigating the situation and extent of conflict between carnivores and livestock farmers. This was done in an attempt to develop initiatives that will improve the relationship and coexistence between farmers and conservation authorities in this area.","","","","","","","","Hermann_et_al_2001_Farming_and_lions_in_the_KTP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3408","Conservation of lions in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: Boundary transgression and problem animal controlKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;conservation;conservation strategy;human-predator conflict;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;livestock damage;management;problem animal;project;","IN FILE","137","158","","","","","Chapter 8","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Conservation_of_lions_in_KTP.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3409","Recommendations from the lion management workshops: 'Initiating a process towards a management plan for KTP lions and other large predators'Kalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;conservation;conservation strategy;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;management;project;","IN FILE","159","177","","","","","Chapter 9","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Recommendations_from_the_lion_management_workshops.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3410","Executive SummaryKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;conservation;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;project;status;","IN FILE","178","190","","","","","Chapter 10","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Kalahari_Transfrontier_Lion_Project_-_Executive_Summary.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3411","References, AppendicesKalahari Transfrontier Lion Project","Funston PJ;","2001  ","in RefID 3399","1BW;1ZA;conservation;Kalahari;Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park;Panthera leo;project;","IN FILE","191","236","","","","","","","Funston PJ;","","Upington","Endangered Wildlife Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Funston_2001_Kalahari_Transfrontier_Lion_Project_-_References_&_Appendices.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3412","Inbreeding leads to extinction","Frankham R;Ralls K;","1998  ","","extinction;genetics;inbreeding;inbreeding depression;","IN FILE","441","442","Nature","","","","392","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Frankham_&_Ralls_1998_Inbreeding_leads_to_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3413","Noah's ark - sex and survival. Problems in management of genetic diversity and inbreeding in small captive populations","Seal US;Flesness NR;","1978  ","","breeding;captive breeding;captive population;genetic variation;inbreeding;inbreeding depression;management;Panthera tigris;population;Studbook;survival;","IN FILE","81","91","","","","","","1st International Symposium on the Management and Breeding of the Tiger","Seifert S;Müller P;","","Leipzig","Zoologischer Garten Leipzig","English","","","","","International Tiger Studbook","","","","","","","","","","Seal_&_Flesness_1978_Genetic_management_of_small_captive_popualtions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3414","The future of the giant panda","O'Brien SJ;Knight JA;","1987  ","","4CN;Ailuropoda melanoleuca;future;genetics;population genetics;","IN FILE","758","759","Nature","","","","325","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_&_Knight_1987_The_future_of_the_giant_panda.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3415","Palaeontological and molecular views of panda phylogeny","van Valen LM;O'Brien SJ;Nash WG;Benveniste RE;Wildt DE;Bush ME;","1986  ","","Ailuropoda melanoleuca;molecular method;morphology;paleontology;phylogeny;","IN FILE","428","428","Nature","","","","319","","","6052","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Van_Valen_et_al_1986_Palaeontological_and_molecular_views_of_panda_phylogeny.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3416","Can cloning help save beleaguered species?","Cohen J;","1997  ","","cloning;conservation;conservation strategy;ethics;genetics;","IN FILE","1329","1330","Science","","","","276","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Cohen_1997_Can_cloning_help_save_beleaguered_species.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3417","The anchestry of the giant panda","O'Brien SJ;","1987  ","","Ailuropoda melanoleuca;genetics;phylogeny;","IN FILE","102","107","Scientific American","","","","","","","November 1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_1987_The_anchestry_of_the_giant_panda.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3418","Saving their skins","Jackson P;","1986 Mar ","","conservation;hunting (by human);skin;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","122","122","BBC Wildlife","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Jackson_1986_Saving_their_skins.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3419","Man-eater of Mandu","Khandekar S;","1984 Nov 15 ","","4IN;attack on human;Madhya Pradesh;Mandu;maneater;Panthera tigris;","IN FILE","29","29","India Today","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Khandekar_1984_Maneater_of_Mandu.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3420","Better deal for maneater","","","","4IN;attack on human;Corbett National Park;maneater;Panthera tigris;Panthera tigris tigris;","IN FILE","6","8","Environment Today","","","","2","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_-_Better_deal_for_maneater.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3421","A molecular solution to the riddle of the giant panda's phylogeny","O'Brien SJ;Nash WG;Wildt DE;Bush ME;Benveniste RE;","1985  ","","Ailuropoda melanoleuca;chromosome analysis;genetics;molecular method;phylogeny;","IN FILE","140","144","Nature","","","","317","","","6033","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","OBrien_et_al_1985_Giant_panda_phylogeny.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3422","Born free?","Paul S;","1988  ","","4IN;conservation;Corbett National Park;Dudhwa;maneater;Panthera tigris;Project Tiger;Ranthambhore National Park;","IN FILE","16","19","Panorama","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Paul_1988_Born_free.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3423","Bowels of the beasts","Boyce N;","1998  ","","8GB;Cornwall;Felidae;genetic analysis;non-native animals;","IN FILE","36","39","New Scientist","","","","","","","22 August 1998","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Boyce_1998_Bowels_of_the_beast.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3424","A canine distemper virus epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)","Roelke-Parker M;Munson L;Packer C;Kock R;Cleaveland S;Carpenter M;O'Brien SJ;Pospischll A;Hofmann-Lehmann R;Lutz H;Mwamengele GLM;Mgasa MN;Machange GA;Summers BA;Appel MJG;","1996  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;epidemics;Panthera leo;Serengeti;virus;","IN FILE","441","445","Nature","","","","379","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Roelke-Parker_et_al_1996_Canine_distemper_virus_in_Serengeti_lions.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3425","Dangerous liaisons and disease","MacDonald DW;","1996  ","","1KE;1TZ;Canis familiaris;disease;epidemics;management;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","400","401","Nature","","","","379","","","1 February 1996","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","MacDonald_1996_Dangerous_liaisons_and_disease.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3426","Maintaining genetic viability of small populations(Special Presentation)","Seal US;","1990  ","","genetics;population;Population Viability Analysis;","IN FILE","52","57","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","March 1990","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Seal_1990_Maintaining_genetic_viability_of_small_populations.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3427","Excerpts from The Snow Leopard in Kirgizia","Koshkarev EP;","1990  ","","4KG;behavior;density;habitat;population size;tracking;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","7","8","Snow Line - International Snow Leopard Trust","","","","8","","","2","Seattle","International Snow Leopard Trust","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Koshkarev_1990_Excerpts_from_the_snow_leopard_in_Kirgizia.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3428","Distemper in felids: has lightening struck twice or is it a common infection?","Rossiter PB;","1995  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;epidemics;infection;Panthera leo;Serengeti;virus;","IN FILE","3","3","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","","","","9 (April 1995)","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Rossiter_1995_Distemper_in_felids.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3429","Dogs to blame","Packer C;","1994  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;Canis familiaris;epidemics;Panthera leo;reservoir;Serengeti;","IN FILE","","","New Scientist","","","","","","","15 October 1994","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Packer_1994_Dogs_to_blame.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3430","Handle with care","Burrows R;","1994  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;epidemics;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","","","New Scientist","","","","","","","6 August 1994","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Burrows_1994_Handle_with_care.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3431","Dog vaccination around the Serengeti","Moutou F;","1997  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;Canis familiaris;epidemics;Panthera leo;Serengeti;vaccination;","IN FILE","13","13","Oryx","","","","31","","","1","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Moutou_1997_Dog_vaccination_around_the_Serengeti.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3432","G.I.S. - Geographic Information Systems - Tool for habitat analysis","","1993  ","","Geographic Information System;habitat;habitat analysis;method;","IN FILE","29","29","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","September 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_GIS.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3433","Extinction vortex revised","","1993  ","","extinction;Population Viability Analysis;VORTEX;","IN FILE","24","24","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","October 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1993_Extinction_vortex_revised.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3434","Lions die of sneering sickness","Katz Miller S;","1994  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;epidemics;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","5","5","New Scientist","","","","","","","4 June 1994","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Katz_Miller_1994_Lions_die_of_sneering_sickness.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3435","Canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions","Munson L;","1995  ","","1TZ;canine distemper virus;epidemics;Panthera leo;Serengeti;","IN FILE","2","2","Veterinary Group Newsletter","","","","9","","","April 1995","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Munson_1995_Canine_distemper_epidemic_in_Serengeti_lions.pdf","","","",""
"NEWS","3436","Molecular biology shakes the tree of life down to its roots","Okie S;","1990 May 7 ","","biology;molecular method;phylogeny;taxonomy;","IN FILE","","","International Herald Tribune","","","","","","","07.05.1990","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Okie_1990_Molecular_biology_and_systematics.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3437","Man and nature in the Himalaya: What can be done to ensure that both can prosper","McNeely JA;","1985  ","","4Asia;coexistence;conservation;Himalaya;public attitude;human impact;predator-human conflict;nature reserve;","IN FILE","25","30","","","","","","People and Protected Areas in the Hindu-Kush Himalaya","McNeely JA;Thorsell J;Chalise SR;","","Kathmandu","King Mahendra Trust and ICIMOD","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","McNeely_1985_Man_and_nature_in_the_Himalaya.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3438","Man-eaters - around the tiger preserves of India these days, humans are the species in danger","Weiner D;","1987  ","","4IN;attack on human;maneater;Panthera tigris;predator-human conflict;","IN FILE","27","31","Outside","","","","","","","January 1987","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Weiner_1987_Maneaters.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3439","Regional captive propagation programs as part of conservation strategies for threatened wildlife","Foose TJ;","1993  ","","captive breeding;conservation;conservation strategy;wildlife;","IN FILE","11","14","","","Zoo's Print","","","","","March 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Foose_1993_Captive_propagation_as_a_conservation_strategy.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3440","A Gene Safari: Tracking Kenya's wildife for its DNA","Okie S;","1993  ","","1KE;conservation;DNA;genetics;tracking;","IN FILE","6","7","African Wildlife Update","","","","","","","July-August 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Okie_1993_Tracking_Kenyas_wildlife_for_its_DNA.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3441","Genetic variation within and among lion tamarins","Forman L;Kleiman DG;Bush RM;Dietz JM;Ballou JD;Phillips LG;Coimbra-Filho AF;O'Brien SJ;","1986  ","","genetic distance;genetic variation;isozyme variation;Leontopithecus;subspecies;taxonomy;","IN FILE","1","11","American Journal of Physical Anthropology","","","","71","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Forman_et_al_1986_Genetic_variation_in_Leontopithecus.pdf","","","",""
"CHAP","3442","The Tiger - road to extinction","Thapar V;","1996  ","","4CN;4IN;public attitude;Panthera tigris;poaching;population;status;","IN FILE","292","301","","","","","","The exploitation of Mammal Populations","Taylor VJ;Dunstone N;","16","London","Chapman & Hall","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Thapar_1996_The_tiger_-_road_to_extinction.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3443","The Snow leopardShy, elusive, struggling to survive","Newlan Bower J;","1983  ","","behavior;cub;habitat;measurement;reproduction;social system;Uncia uncia;","IN FILE","9","11","The Explorer","","","","","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Newlan_&_Bower_1983_The_Snow_Leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3444","Current status of the Amur leopard","Korkishko VG;","1993 Aug 12 ","","7SU;conservation;Panthera pardus;Panthera pardus orientalis;poaching;status;","IN FILE","","","Sacred Earth","","","","","","","12 August 1993","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Korkishko_1993_Current_status_of_the_Amur_leopard.pdf","","","",""
"MGZN","3445","Jaguar and ocelot survey","","1973  ","","2SAm;Leopardus pardalis;Panthera onca;status;survey;","IN FILE","","","IUCN Bulletin","","","","4","","","2","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Anonymous_1973_Jaguar_and_ocelot_survey.pdf","","","",""
"JOUR","3446","DNA recombination and natural selection pressure sustain genetic sequence diversity of the feline MHC Class I genes","Yuhki N;O'Brien SJ;","1990  ","","DNA;Felidae;genetics;Major Histocompatibility Complex;selection (natural);","IN FILE","621","630","Journal of Experimental Medicine","","","","172","","","","","","English","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Yuhki_&_OBrien_1990_DNA_recombination_and_natural_selection_in_feline_MHC_class_I_genes.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3447","PrefaceWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Breitenmoser U;","1998  ","","8CH;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;","IN FILE","5","6","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3448","Recent development of carnivore populations in Switzerland and in adjacent countriesWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Breitenmoser U;","1998  ","","8AT;8CH;8FR;8IT;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;Lynx lynx;status;Ursus arctos;","IN FILE","7","7","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3449","The return of the wolf to SwitzerlandWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Breitenmoser U;Landry J;","1998  ","","8CH;8FR;8IT;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;recolonization;status;","IN FILE","8","8","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3450","Predation by lynx on sheep in the Swiss AlpsWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Angst C;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;livestock damage;Lynx lynx;Ovis aries;predation;","IN FILE","9","12","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3451","Public involvement in the lynx project in the north-western Swiss AlpsWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Baumgartner H;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;community involvement;","IN FILE","13","14","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3452","Information on foxes in Zürich's backyards: the INFOX programmeWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Bontadina F;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;public attitude;urban ecology;Vulpes vulpes;Zurich;","IN FILE","15","20","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3453","Mutual trust as the key for successful large carnivore conservationWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Woelfl M;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;community involvement;","IN FILE","21","24","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3454","Return of predators: Reasons for existence or lack of pulic acceptanceWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Hunziker M;Egli E;Wallner A;","1998  ","","8CH;acceptance of predators;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;community involvement;","IN FILE","25","30","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3455","The role of fox, lynx and wolf in mythologyWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Wallner A;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;culture;human dimension;myth;","IN FILE","31","34","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_ dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3456","Who's afraid of the big bad wolf?Workshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Goedickemeier I;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Canis lupus;Carnivora;conservation;culture;human dimension;myth;","IN FILE","35","36","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3457","Results of group discussion work at the KORA workshopWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Bath AJ;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;","IN FILE","37","42","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3458","First conclusions after a year of trouble-shooting in the lynx core areaWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Strahm D;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;Lynx lynx;","IN FILE","43","46","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human _dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3459","Appendix I: Attitude surveys in EuropeWorkshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Strahm D;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;public attitude;","IN FILE","47","54","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human_dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"CONF","3460","Appendix II: List of participants Workshop on human dimension in large carnivore conservation","Strahm D;","1998  ","","8CH;Alps;Carnivora;conservation;human dimension;","IN FILE","55","55","","","","","3","","Strahm D;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht","","","","","","","","","","Bath_et_al_1998_Workshop_on_human _dimension_in_carnivore_conservation.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3461","Introduction","Breitenmoser U;","2001 Jun ","","78Eur;Balkan;conservation;history;Lynx lynx;population;population history;status;","IN FILE","5","5","","","","","7","The Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs","Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht 7","","Introduction to the Status Report 'Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs' (Breitenmoser-Wuersten et al. 2001).","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser-Wuersten_et_al_2001_Balkan_lynx_population_history_status_and_conservation_needs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3462","The lynx in Bosnia and Herzegovina","Soldo V;","2001 Jun ","","7BA;Balkan;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;Lynx lynx;mortality;population history;prey;status;","IN FILE","6","7","","","","","7","The Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs","Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht 7","","This document is part of the Status Report 'Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs' (Breitenmoser-Wuersten et al. 2001). It contains a description of the present conservation status and distribution of the lynx and its prey species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lynx' habitat and causes of mortality are discussed.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser-Wuersten_et_al_2001_Balkan_lynx_population_history_status_and_conservation_needs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3463","On the status of the Balkan lynx in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia","Hristovski M;","2001 Jun ","","7MK;Balkan;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;legislation;lynx;Lynx lynx;population history;prey;protected area;status;threats;","IN FILE","8","11","","","","","7","The Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs","Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht 7","","This document is part of the Status Report 'Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs' (Breitenmoser-Wuersten et al. 2001). It contains a description of the present conservation status and distribution of the lynx and its prey species in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The lynx' population status in several protected areas is discussed. Threats, the condition of the habitat, and the socio-economic situation are assessed.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser-Wuersten_et_al_2001_Balkan_lynx_population_history_status_and_conservation_needs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3464","The lynx populations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia","Paunovic M;Milenkovic M;Ivanovic-Vlahovic C;","2001 Jun ","","7YU;Balkan;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;habitat;human-carnivore conflict;hunting;livestock;Lynx lynx;poaching;population history;prey;status;threats;","IN FILE","12","17","","","","","7","The Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs","Breitenmoser-Wuersten C;Breitenmoser U;","","Muri Bern","KORA","English","","","","","KORA Bericht 7","","This document is part of the Status Report 'Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge on its status and conservation needs' (Breitenmoser-Wuersten et al. 2001). It contains a description of the historical and present conservation status and distribution of the lynx and its prey species in the federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The lynx' legal status, hunting, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts are discussed. Threats to its survival and the condition of the habitat are assessed.","","","","","","","","Breitenmoser-Wuersten_et_al_2001_Balkan_lynx_population_history_status_and_conservation_needs.pdf","","","",""
"RPRT","3465","Existing knowledge on the status and distribution of the lynx in Albania","Bego F;","2001 Jun ","","7AL;Balkan;CCT;cct_sr;conservation;distribution;Lynx lynx;population history;research;status;survey;","IN FILE","18","18","","","","","7","The Balkan lynx population history, recent knowledge